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Naeem, Hina, Donghang Cheng, Qingshi Zhao, Caroline Underhill, Marc Tini, Marc T. Bedford, and Joseph Torchia. "The Activity and Stability of the Transcriptional Coactivator p/CIP/SRC-3 Are Regulated by CARM1-Dependent Methylation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 27, no. 1 (October 16, 2006): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00815-06.
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ABSTRACT The transcriptional coactivator p/CIP(SRC-3/AIB1/ACTR/RAC3) binds liganded nuclear hormone receptors and facilitates transcription by directly recruiting accessory factors such as acetyltransferase CBP/p300 and the coactivator arginine methyltransferase CARM1. In the present study, we have established that recombinant p/CIP (p300/CBP interacting protein) is robustly methylated by CARM1 in vitro but not by other protein arginine methyltransferase family members. Metabolic labeling of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3H]methionine and immunoblotting using dimethyl arginine-specific antibodies demonstrated that p/CIP is specifically methylated in intact cells. In addition, methylation of full-length p/CIP is not supported by extracts derived from CARM1−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts, indicating that CARM1 is required for p/CIP methylation. Using mass spectrometry, we have identified three CARM1-dependent methylation sites located in a glutamine-rich region within the carboxy terminus of p/CIP which are conserved among all steroid receptor coactivator proteins. These results were confirmed by in vitro methylation of p/CIP using carboxy-terminal truncation mutants and synthetic peptides as substrates for CARM1. Analysis of methylation site mutants revealed that arginine methylation causes an increase in full-length p/CIP turnover as a result of enhanced degradation. Additionally, methylation negatively impacts transcription via a second mechanism by impairing the ability of p/CIP to associate with CBP. Collectively, our data highlight coactivator methylation as an important regulatory mechanism in hormonal signaling.
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Traustason, Gunnar. "CIP-groups." Archiv der Mathematik 65, no. 2 (August 1995): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01270684.
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Neel, Khalid Fouda. "Feasibility and outcome of clean intermittent catheterization for children with sensate urethra." Canadian Urological Association Journal 4, no. 6 (April 22, 2013): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.955.
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Objective: Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is an importantasset in managing children with noncompliant bladders. We reviewthe feasibility and late outcomes of patients with normal urethralsensation who began CIC.Materials and methods: We reviewed all patients with posteriorurethral valve (PUV) or non-neuropathic bladder sphincter dysfunction(NNBSD) who began on CIC, and had at least 2 years offollow-up. We considered their age, indication, acceptance andcompliance with CIC. Additionally, we examined the late outcomeof bladder function and the need for any surgical intervention atfollow-up.Results: Between 1999 and 2006, 52 patients with PUV (38patients) or NNBSD (14 patients) were started on CIC. Of these 52patients, 48% were under the age of 4. A total of 44 patients (85%)accepted the recommendation for CIC, and 34 patients (65%) werecompliant with the protocol after at least 2 years of follow-up. Theage of the patients was the only significant factor related to thesuccess of the protocol (4 years old or younger, p = 0.03). Afterat least 2 years of follow-up, 28 patients (54%) remained on CICand have not required urinary diversion or bladder reconstruction.Conclusion: The current study showed that CIC is a feasible optionfor patients with sensate urethra, which necessitates the introductionof treatment as early as possible. Further, those patients whoare compliant with the CIC demonstrated a better chance of avoidingsubsequent surgical intervention for the management of a noncompliantbladder.Objectif : Le cathétérisme intermittent propre (CIP) est un élémentimportant de la prise en charge de l’insuffisance vésicale chez lesenfants. Nous passons ici en revue la faisabilité et les résultats tardifschez des patients affichant des sensations urétrales normalesqui ont entrepris un traitement par CIP.Matériel et méthodologie : Nous avons examiné tous les patientsatteints d’une dysfonction de la valve urétrale postérieure (DVUP)ou d’une dysfonction non névrotique du sphincter vésical (DNNSV)ayant entrepris un traitement par CIP, et suivis pendant au moins2 ans. Nous avons tenu compte de leur âge, de l’indication dutraitement, de leur acceptation et leur observance du traitementpar CIP. En outre, nous avons examiné les résultats tardifs de lafonction vésicale et le besoin de recourir à tout type d’interventionchirurgicale lors du suivi.Résultats : Entre 1999 et 2006, 52 patients atteints de DVUP(38 patients) ou de DNNSV (14 patients) ont entrepris un traitementpar CIP. De ce nombre, 48 % avaient moins de 4 ans. Au total,44 patients (85 %) ont accepté la recommandation de procéderau CIP, et 34 patients (65 %) observaient toujours le traitementaprès au moins 2 ans de suivi. L’âge des patients représentaitle seul facteur significatif lié à la réussite du traitement (4 ansou moins, p = 0,03). Après au moins 2 ans de suivi, 28 patients(54 %) poursuivaient leur traitement par CIP et n’avaient pas besoind’un détournement urinaire ou d’une reconstruction de la vessie.Conclusion : Notre étude a montré que le CIP est une optionraisonnable pour les patients avec urètre sensible, qui nécessitel’instauration d’un traitement le plus rapidement possible. Par ailleurs,les patients qui observent bien le traitement par CIP présentaientde meilleures chances d’éviter une intervention chirurgicalesubséquente pour le traitement d’une insuffisance vésicale.
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Rao, Vadhindran K. "Covered Interest Parity Deviations Between India And The US." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 1 (December 21, 2011): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i1.6674.
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Prior studies have tested Covered Interest Parity (CIP) between India and the United States and found substantial deviations. The main objective of the current study is to econometrically model and explain deviations from CIP. Further, the study contributes to the literature by proposing an approach to testing CIP after allowing for country risk. A preliminary analysis suggests that there are two types of shocks that impact the CIP deviation, also referred to as the Covered Interest Differential (CID): permanent shocks and temporary shocks. The permanent shocks may be interpreted as reflecting a change in the country risk premium and the temporary shocks as reflecting transient effects and disequilibrium. The paper uses a bivariate Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach to model the joint dynamics of the CID and the forward premium, and applies the methodology of Blanchard and Quah (1989) to separate the impact of the two types of shocks. Impulse-Response analysis shows that a one standard deviation permanent shock has an immediate, substantial impact on the CID. However, forecast error variance decomposition reveals that less than 30% of the variability in the CID is caused by such permanent shocks. Further, permanent shocks account for less than 5% of the forecast error variance of the forward premium, which suggests that covered interest arbitrage activity has limited influence on the forward premium. Temporary shocks appear to be related to transient volatility in the forward premium, and such shocks initially affect both the forward premium and the CID to approximately the same extent. The manner in which the CID responds to a temporary shock suggests considerable impediments to arbitrage. However, the fact that the CID recovers at a slightly faster rate than the forward premium, especially in the initial periods, suggests that capital restrictions are not completely binding.
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Youssef, Ahmed, Narendar Dudhipala, and Soumyajit Majumdar. "Ciprofloxacin Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Incorporated into In-Situ Gels to Improve Management of Bacterial Endophthalmitis." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12060572.
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Bacterial endophthalmitis (BE) is a potentially sight-threatening inflammatory reaction of the intraocular fluids or tissues caused by bacteria. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) eye drops are prescribed as first-line therapy in BE. However, frequent administration is necessary due to precorneal loss and poor ocular bioavailability. The objective of the current research was to prepare CIP containing nanostructured lipid carriers (CIP-NLCs) loaded an in situ gel system (CIP-NLC-IG) for topical ocular administration for enhanced and sustained antibacterial activity in BE treatment. CIP-NLCs were prepared by the hot homogenization method and optimized based on physicochemical characteristics and physical stability. The optimized CIP-NLC formulation was converted into CIP-NLC-IG with the addition of gellan gum as a gelling agent. Furthermore, optimized CIP-NLC and CIP-NLC-IG were evaluated for in vitro release and ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies, using commercial CIP ophthalmic solution (CIP-C) as the control. The optimized CIP-NLC formulation showed particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, assay and entrapment efficiency of 193.1 ± 5.1 nm, 0.43 ± 0.01, −32.5 ± 1.5 mV, 99.5 ± 5.5 and 96.3 ± 2.5%, respectively. CIP-NLC-IG with 0.2% w/v gellan gum showed optimal viscoelastic characteristics. The in vitro release studies demonstrated sustained release of CIP from CIP-NLC and CIP-NLC-IG formulations over a 24 h period. Transcorneal flux and permeability increased 4 and 3.5-fold, and 2.2 and 1.9-fold from CIP-NLC and CIP-NLC-IG formulations, respectively, when compared to CIP-C. The results demonstrate that CIP-NLC-IG could be considered as an alternate delivery system to prolong the residence time on the ocular surface after topical administration. Thus, the current CIP ophthalmic formulations may exhibit improved ocular bioavailability and prolonged antibacterial activity, which may improve therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of BE.
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Arshad, Rabia, Tanveer A. Tabish, Maria Hassan Kiani, Ibrahim M. Ibrahim, Gul Shahnaz, Abbas Rahdar, Misook Kang, and Sadanand Pandey. "A Hyaluronic Acid Functionalized Self-Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) for Enhancement in Ciprofloxacin Targeted Delivery against Intracellular Infection." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051086.
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Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a potent anti-bacterial agent of the fluroquinolone family, shows poor solubility and permeability, thus leading to the development of intracellular pathogens induced multi-drug resistance and biofilms formation. To synergistically improve the biopharmaceutical parameters of CIP, a hyaluronic acid (FDA approved biocompatible polymer) functionalized self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (HA-CIP-SNEDDS) was designed in the present study. SNEDDS formulations were tested via solubility, droplet size, zeta potential, a polydispersity index, thermodynamic stability, surface morphology, solid-state characterization, drug loading/release, cellular uptake, and biocompatibility. The final (HA-CIP-SNEDDS) formulation exhibited a mean droplet size of 50 nm with the 0.3 poly dispersity index and negative zeta potential (−11.4 mV). HA-based SNEDDS containing CIP showed an improved ability to permeate goat intestinal mucus. After 4 h, CIP-SNEDDS showed a 2-fold and HA-CIP-SNEDDS showed a 4-fold permeation enhancement as compared to the free CIP. Moreover, 80% drug release of HA-CIP-SNEDDS was demonstrated to be superior and sustained for 72 h in comparison to free CIP. However, anti-biofilm activity of HA-CIP-SNEDDS against Salmonella typhi was higher than CIP-SNEDDS and free CIP. HA-CIP-SNEDDS exhibited increased biocompatibility and improved oral pharmacokinetics as compared to free CIP. Taken together, HA-CIP-SNEDDS formulation seems to be a promising agent against Salmonella typhi with a strong targeting potential.
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Blesl, Andreas, Christoph Jüngst, Frank Lammert, Günter Fauler, Florian Rainer, Bettina Leber, Nicole Feldbacher, et al. "Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patients Alters the Gut–Liver Axis: A Case Control Study." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 2728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092728.
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Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) occurs after long-term intensive care treatment. This study aimed to assess the gut–liver axis in SC-CIP. Stool microbiome composition, gut permeability, bacterial translocation and serum bile acid profiles of 18 SC-CIP patients compared to 11 patients after critical illness without liver disease (CIP controls), 21 patients with cirrhosis and 21 healthy controls were studied. 16S rDNA was isolated from stool and sequenced using the Illumina technique. Diamine oxidase, zonulin, soluble CD14 (sCD14) and lipopolysaccharide binding protein were measured in serum and calprotectin in stool. Serum bile acids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Reduced microbiome alpha diversity and altered beta diversity were seen in SC-CIP, CIP controls and cirrhosis compared to healthy controls. SC-CIP patients showed a shift towards pathogenic taxa and an oralization. SC-CIP, CIP controls and cirrhotic patients presented with impaired gut permeability, and biomarkers of bacterial translocation were increased in SC-CIP and cirrhosis. Total serum bile acids were elevated in SC-CIP and cirrhosis and the bile acid profile was altered in SC-CIP, CIP controls and cirrhosis. In conclusions, observed alterations of the gut–liver axis in SC-CIP cannot solely be attributed to liver disease, but may also be secondary to long-term intensive care treatment.
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Tian, Lan, Dong Lichao, Li Nan, Zhang Chunbo, Zhang Hao, and Pei Yuchen. "Preparation and Characterization of High Magnetic Loss Microwave Absorber for Splitter Load." E3S Web of Conferences 186 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018603006.
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Microwave absorbing material was prepared using epoxy resin as matrix and spherical carbonyl iron powder (s-CIP), flaky carbonyl iron powder (f-CIP) as absorbing agent. Microwave absorbing, mechanical properties and structure of the composites containing different kinds of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) were investigated. The results show that the microwave absorber with flaky CIP have better electromagnetic properties than composites with spherical CIP. With concentration of spherical CIP increasing the electromagnetic properties of composites becomes better, except for the mechanical performance. The flaky CIP/epoxy resins composites with a loading of 79 wt% plate-like CIP has attenuation constant of 25.443 dB/cm in 3 GHz. The absorber prepared using flaky CIP has homogenous, dense structure and has excellent mechanical properties.
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Fierz, Hugo. "The CIP method." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 24, no. 6 (November 1999): 375–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/318774.319255.
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Steketee, John P. "The CIP Story." Juvenile Justice 28, no. 2 (July 14, 2009): 4–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1977.tb01324.x.
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Legeay, Gilbert. "CIP 2007 – Bilan." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 42, no. 1 (April 2008): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap:2008045.
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Liu, Jia. "CIP in China:." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 22, no. 1 (June 12, 1996): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v22n01_05.
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Hayward, Catherine P., Deborah Danoff, Margaret Kennedy, A. Curtis Lee, Stacey Brzezina, and Ursel Bond. "Clinician Investigator Training in Canada: A Review." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v34i4.15360.
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Purpose: The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada undertook a review of its Clinician Investigator Program (CIP), 13 years after launching the program in response to shortages in clinical investigators. The primary study goals were to determine the outcomes, impact, strengths and weaknesses of CIP. Methods: Focus groups and telephone interviews with current and past program directors (PD) and a detailed survey of current and former trainees were conducted. Thirteen PD and 45% of current and former trainees from 10 CIP participated. Results: Since 1995, 12 CIP have been accredited and 553 residents have enrolled in CIP, with 194 completing CIP and residency training by 2008. PD recognized CIP as an excellent program that produces highly qualified clinical investigators; important for faculty renewal. Both trainees and PD identified the need to improve CIP funding. Most (84%) CIP trainees did not have prior graduate degrees. Most alumni had completed Masters (58%) or Doctoral (39%) programs during CIP and published on their CIP research (97%). Among alumni who completed CIP and residency, many obtained an academic appointment with protected time for research, with 39% receiving an external career award. Many (60%) alumni reported no drawbacks to CIP and recognized the added values included Royal College recognition, structured training, pursuit of graduate studies, integration of clinical/research training and enhanced mentorship. Conclusion: Since the progam’s inception, the number of CIP in Canada has grown. CIP are recognized as important mechanisms for integrating clinical and research training during residency to produce highly qualified clinician investigators.
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Devine, Eric, Jessica Fullerton, Carly Rebelo, Karl Zebarth, Alexandra Oxley, and Susy Hota. "Evaluation of the Performance and Resource Needs of a Construction Infection Prevention and Control Program." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1154.
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Background: The University Health Network (UHN) is a multisite, academic health sciences center in Toronto, Canada, with 1,300 inpatient beds and ∼126,000 emergency department visits annually. Clinical services include a transplant program, cancer center, dialysis units, and rehabilitation sites. Currently, ∼0.83 km2 (>9 million ft2) of UHN real estate, ∼200 construction, renovation and maintenance projects are underway. The UHN Construction Infection Control Program (CICP) was created in 2012 and has expanded to include 3.5 FTEs to meet the needs of infection prevention oversight during these activities. We describe the performance indicators for the UHN CICP between May 2016 and December 2018 that have informed productivity and resource needs. Methods: Since 2016, construction infection preventionists (CIPs) have prospectively collected data on the frequency of activities reflecting CIP productivity and core job functions: number of meetings (attended and missed), site inspections, responses to breaches in control measures, education hours delivered, urgent requests, and after-hours work. Annual activity rates (frequency of activity divided by CIP months) were analyzed for trends, accounting for additions in CICP personnel over time. Results: Human resources and activities performed in the CICP from 2016 to 2018 are outlined in Table 1. As CICP human resources increased, the number of initiatives supported by the CICP team rose. Activity rates for attended meetings, inspections and hours of education provided increased with higher CIP resources, suggesting an improvement in individual productivity of each CIP (Fig. 1). Concurrently, the rate of missed meetings declined and after-hour requests and breach responses remained stable. Conclusions: An appropriately staffed CICP for the volume and risk level of organization-wide construction, renovation, and maintenance activities is crucial to infection prevention. We developed performance indicators based upon key functions of CIPs to evaluate the productivity of our team and ensure we had adequate human resources to maintain patient safety through our evolving needs.Funding: NoneDisclosures: Susy Hota reports contract research for Finch Therapeutics.
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Park, Ga Eun, Jae-Hoon Ko, Sun Young Cho, Hee Jae Huh, Jin Yang Baek, Kwan Soo Ko, Cheol In Kang, Doo Ryeon Chung, and Kyong Ran Peck. "Clinical Impact of Revised Ciprofloxacin Breakpoint in Patients with Urinary Tract Infections by Enterobacteriaceae." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040469.
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In 2018, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) revised ciprofloxacin (CIP)-susceptible breakpoint for Enterobacteriaceae from ≤1 μg/mL to ≤0.25 μg/mL, based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) analysis. However, clinical data supporting the lowered CIP breakpoint are insufficient. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with bacteremic urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Enterobacteriaceae, which were previously CIP-susceptible and changed to non-susceptible. Bacteremic UTIs caused by Enterobacteriaceae with CIP minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 1 μg/mL were screened, and then patients treated with CIP as a definitive treatment were finally included. Patients in CIP-non-susceptible group (MIC = 0.5 or 1 μg/mL) were compared with patients in CIP-susceptible group (MIC ≤ 0.25 μg/mL). Primary endpoints were recurrence of UTIs within 4 weeks and 90 days. A total of 334 patients were evaluated, including 282 of CIP-susceptible and 52 of CIP-non-susceptible. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between two groups. In multivariate analysis, CIP non-susceptibility was not associated with recurrence of UTIs. CIP non-susceptibility based on a revised CIP breakpoint, which was formerly susceptible, was not associated with poor clinical outcomes in bacteremic UTI patients were treated with CIP, similar to those of the susceptible group. Further evaluation is needed to guide the selection of definitive antibiotics for UTIs.
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Song, Jaeik, Min-Suk Kook, Byung-Hoon Kim, Young-IL Jeong, and Kyung-Jin Oh. "Ciprofloxacin-Releasing ROS-Sensitive Nanoparticles Composed of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)/Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) for Antibacterial Treatment." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 4125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154125.
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Since urinary tract infections (UTIs) are closely associated with oxidative stress, we developed ROS-sensitive nanoparticles for ciprofloxacin (CIP) delivery for inhibition of UTI. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)- selenocystamine (PLGA-selenocystamine) conjugates were attached to methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tetraacid (TA) (TA-PEG) conjugates to produce a copolymer (abbreviated as LGseseTAPEG). Selenocystamine linkages were introduced between PLGA and TA to endow reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitivity to nanoparticles. CIP-incorporated nanoparticles of LGseseTAPEG copolymer were fabricated by W/O/W/W emulsion method. CIP-incorporated nanoparticles responded to H2O2 and then their morphologies were disintegrated by incubation with H2O2. Furthermore, particle size distribution of nanoparticles was changed from mono-modal distribution pattern to multi-modal distribution pattern by addition of H2O2. CIP release from nanoparticles of LGseseTAPEG copolymer was faster in the presence of H2O2 than in the absence of it. In antibacterial study using Escherichia coli (E. coli), free CIP and free CIP plus empty nanoparticles showed dose-dependent inhibitory effect against growth of bacteria while CIP-incorporated nanoparticles have less antibacterial activity compared to free CIP. These results were due to that CIP-incorporated nanoparticles have sustained release properties. When free CIP or CIP-incorporated nanoparticles were introduced into dialysis membrane to mimic in vivo situation, CIP-incorporated nanoparticles showed superior antibacterial activity compared to free CIP. At cell viability assay, nanoparticles of LGseseTAPEG copolymer have no acute cytotoxicity against L929 mouse fibroblast cells and CCD986sk human skin fibroblast cells. We suggest LGseseTAPEG nanoparticles are a promising candidate for CIP delivery.
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Ponomarenko, Nikolajs, Tatjana Solovjova, and Juris Grizans. "The Use of Kramers-Kronig Relations for Verification of Quality of Ferrite Magnetic Spectra." Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecce-2015-0009.
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Abstract The complex initial permeability (CIP) as a function of frequency is one of the main properties of ferrites. This characteristic (CIP) is measured experimentally, therefore there can be found noisy, doubtful or incomplete parts of the spectrum. Thus there is a need for a method of evaluation of quality of CIP. In this article for evaluation of the quality of experimental CIP spectra of polycrystalline ferrite materials the KKR (Kramers-Kronig relations) are used. In order to apply KKR to experimentally measured data (i.e. data with finite limits) the method of transforming these integral relations into summation relations with finite limits is developed and described. This method can be used only for CIP given over the wide frequency rage, so that the imaginary part of CIP is fully presented. Using KKR with the help of CIP spectra model (based on the effects coming from polycrystal grain sizes and defects distribution) partly removes aforementioned limit. Thus with the help of the model we can also make CIP spectra reconstruction (in cases when CIP is noisy or incomplete) and CIP spectra decomposition.
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Youssef, Ahmed Adel Ali, Chuntian Cai, Narendar Dudhipala, and Soumyajit Majumdar. "Design of Topical Ocular Ciprofloxacin Nanoemulsion for the Management of Bacterial Keratitis." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14030210.
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Bacterial keratitis (BK) is a critical ocular infection that can lead to serious visual disability. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), moxifloxacin (MOX), and levofloxacin (LFX) have been accepted as monotherapies by the US Food and Drug Administration for BK treatment. CIP is available commercially at 0.3% w/v concentration as an ophthalmic solution and as an ointment for ocular delivery. Because of solubility issues at physiological pH, CIP precipitation can occur at the corneal surface post instillation of the solution dosage form. Consequently, the ocular bioavailability of CIP is reduced. The ointment dosage form is associated with side effects such as blurred vision, itching, redness, eye discomfort, and eye dryness. This study aimed to design a CIP loaded nanoemulsion (NE; CIP-NE) to facilitate drug penetration into the corneal layers for improved therapeutic outcomes as well as to overcome the drawbacks of the current commercial ophthalmic formulations. CIP-NE formulations were prepared by hot homogenization and ultrasonication, using oleic acid (CIP-O-NE) and Labrafac® Lipophile WL 1349 (CIP-L-NE) as the oily phase, and Tween® 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Optimized CIP-NE was further evaluated with respect to in vitro release, ex vivo transcorneal permeation, and moist heat sterilization process, using commercial CIP ophthalmic solution as a control. Optimized CIP-O-NE formulation showed a globule size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of 121.6 ± 1.5 nm, 0.13 ± 0.01, and −35.1 ± 2.1 mV, respectively, with 100.1 ± 2.0% drug content and was spherical in shape. In vitro release and ex vivo transcorneal permeation studies exhibited sustained release and a 2.1-fold permeation enhancement, respectively, compared with commercial CIP ophthalmic solution. Autoclaved CIP-O-NE formulation was found to be stable for one month (last time-point tested) at refrigerated and room temperature. Therefore, CIP-NE formulation could serve as an effective delivery system for CIP and could improve treatment outcomes in BK.
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MIYOSHI, Ichiro, Takafumi MAKIHARA, and Takahiko TANAHASHI. "The parallelization of GSMAC-CIP." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2000.13 (2000): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2000.13.123.
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Nsabimana, Aimable, Fidele Niyitanga, Dave D. Weatherspoon, and Anwar Naseem. "Land Policy and Food Prices: Evidence from a Land Consolidation Program in Rwanda." Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization 19, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2021-0010.
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Abstract Rwanda’s “Crop Intensification Program (CIP)” is primarily a land consolidation program aimed at improving agricultural productivity and food security. The program, which began in 2007, focuses on monocropping and commercialization of six priority crops: maize, wheat, rice, white potato, beans, and cassava. CIP has facilitated easy access to improved seed stocks, fertilizer, extension services, and postharvest handling and storage services. Although studies have documented the impact of CIP on changes in farm yield, incomes, and productivity, less is known about its impact on food prices. In this study, we examine the crop-food price differences in intensive monocropped CIP and non-intensive monocropped CIP zones in Rwanda. Specifically, the study evaluates price variations of beans and maize along with complementary food crops in intensive and non-intensive monocropped zones before and after the introduction of the CIP policy. We find that the CIP policy is not associated with differences in CIP crop prices between the intensive and non-intensive monocropped zones. Over time, prices increased for CIP crops but generally, the crop prices in the two zones were cointegrated. Prices for non-CIP crops in the two different zones did show price differentials prior to the implementation of CIP, with the prices in intensive monocropped zones being greater than in the non-intensive monocropped zones. Moreover, the prices in intensive areas are cointegrated with prices in non-intensive areas for maize and beans and these prices are converging. This indicates that farmers who intensively produced one CIP crop were able to go to the market and purchase other food crops and that price differences between zones have decreased over time, potentially making the CIP intensive farmers better off.
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Blesl, Andreas, Martin Eibisberger, Michael Schörghuber, Christoph Klivinyi, and Vanessa Stadlbauer. "High Rate of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients with Secondary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Critically Ill Patients (SC-CIP)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10091925.
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Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SC-CIP) is a rare cholestatic liver disease triggered by long-term intensive care treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of gastrointestinal bleeding in SC-CIP. Patients with diagnosed SC-CIP were retrospectively identified and compared to a control group of patients with cardiac surgery and intensive care treatment but without the development of SC-CIP. Fifty-three patients with SC-CIP and 19 controls were included in the study. The frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding was 30% in SC-CIP (16 patients) and 5% in the control group (1 patient) (p = 0.03). Bleeding occured in the mean 13 months after admission to an intensive care unit in SC-CIP, three patients (19%) suffered bleeding during intensive care treatment. Three SC-CIP patients (19%) had cirrhosis at the time of bleeding, five (31%) had splenomegaly, and four (25%) received oral anticoagulation. In SC-CIP, 13 bleedings were identified in the upper gastrointestinal tract, two in the lower, and one remained unknown. The most common reasons for bleeding were gastroduodenal ulcers. In total, 80% of patients needed blood units, and one death due to bleeding occurred in SC-CIP. In conclusion, gastrointestinal bleeding is a frequent complication in patients with SC-CIP. Whether the liver disease itself or cofactors cause the susceptibility for bleeding remains unclear.
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Wang, Ming Ming, Zhong Lun Zhang, Wan Jun Hao, Guo Yan Hou, Zhi Jun Xin, Fan Wu, and Ying Ying Yi. "Preparation and Electromagnetic Properties of CIP/SiO2/PANI Composites." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.187.
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CIP particles first were coated with SiO2 shell by the Stober process , then grafted the polyaniline by in-situ polymerization to prepare CIP/SiO2/PANI core-shell composites. The CIP/SiO2/PANI composites are composed the dielectric loss properties with the the magnetic loss properties, the morphologystructure and electromagnetic properties are characterized by SEMXRD and vector network analyzer, respectively. It is observed that SiO2 and PANI are on the surface of CIP particles, XRD patterns further confirm that the CIP/SiO2/PANI composites are synthesized successfully, and that interaction between components exist in the polymerization. In comparison with CIP, the complex permittivity of CIP/SiO2/PANI composites have certain enhancement in 2-18GHz frequency range, but it has a very small impact on the complex permeability.
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Wen, Shi Bao, Guo Wei Li, and Qi Ye Wu. "Preparation of Conductive PANI/Modified CIP Composites via In Situ Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.295.
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A conductive PANI/CIP composite with core/shell structure was prepared by in-situ polymerization of Aniline(Ani). In order to reduce the acid corrosion on carbonyl iron powders(CIP) in polymerization of Ani, the surface of CIP was modified by (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) before the polymerization. The influences of modification on Ani polymerization, the morphology changes of core/shell structure and conductivity of PANI/CIP composites were characterised and discussed. The results show that after CIP modified by APTES, the reaction process of Ani polymerization is more stable; the PANI particles on the surface of CIP are smaller, and more uniform and more compact; The coating effect of PANI on the surface of CIP is significantly improved; The composite conductivity changes slightly with the modification.
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Lee, Ju Hyung, Jin Woo Cho, Ji Nung Do, and Bong Geun Park. "Evaluation of Field Applicability of Cast-in-Place Piles Using Surfactant Grout." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.207.
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In case of underground construction affected by groundwater, CIP (Cast-In-Place Pile) method is generally used to solve the geo-hydraulic problem. However, as this method has poor connectivity between piles, an auxiliary method for cut-off is required in many cases. In this study, a newly-developed cut-off wall (H-CIP) with no auxiliary method, by using surfactant grout (Hi-FA), which improves anti-washout and infiltration ability, is introduced, and the field applicability of H-CIP method is evaluated. CIP and H-CIP piles were installed with same ground conditions, and field and laboratory tests were conducted to verify the performance, respectively. As results, newly-contrived H-CIP method shows higher field performance for cut-off and strength than conventional CIP method.
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Montoya, Christopher, Benjamin Spieler, Alan Dal Pra, Tejan Diwanji, Raphael Yechieli, Gilberto Lopes, and Ivaylo Mihaylov. "Can radiomics combined with clinical data predict checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e14555-e14555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e14555.
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e14555 Background: Immunotherapy (ImT) is increasingly utilized in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC). Checkpoint-inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is an uncommon and potentially life-threatening adverse event (AE) associated with ImT. For patients with aNSCLC, CIP signs and symptoms can be misclassified in the setting of underlying lung disease and incidence may be underreported. The ability to identify patients at risk for CIP prior to ImT could prevent significant morbidity. Previously, we reported that radiomics, a datamining technique that extracts patterns from medical imaging, had identified texture features on pre-ImT CT that correlate with CIP. In this study, we hypothesized that such features combined with clinical data can predict CIP. Methods: In an IRB-approved database of 129 patients with aNSCLC treated with nivolumab, 9 controls were identified with clinical diagnosis of CIP. For all patients, uninvolved lung in the last pre-ImT CT was mined for textures associated with CIP. In the 9 controls, 3 features were identified that correlated with CIP. Imaging and patient charts were reviewed for signs and symptoms of CIP within the first 6 months after ImT administration. Non-controls with progressive clinical symptoms or radiographic findings consistent with CIP and unexplained by disease progression, infection or other medical interventions were treated as CIP-positives. Lastly, the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for predicting CIP was built progressively combining uncorrelated laboratory, imaging, and clinical data. Results: In all, 25 patients (19%) were identified with any-grade CIP. A model based on pre-ImT platelets (PLT) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) had an AUC for predicting CIP of 0.648. The radiomics features associated with CIP were average gray value (p = .002), 3D normalized entropy (p = 0.022), and kurtosis (p = 0.011). When combined these 3 features had an AUC of 0.735. Combining both radiomics and laboratory data produced an AUC of 0.779. This increased to 0.793 with the addition of ECOG performance status and sex. Finally, incorporating smoking status yielded an AUC of 0.802. Paired sample difference in AUC between the final model and that including only PLT and NLR was significant (p = 0.003). Conclusions: In patients with aNSCLC treated with ImT, CIP is an uncommon but potentially serious AE. The ability to identify patients at higher risk for CIP could prevent significant morbidity. A model combining radiomics of pre-ImT imaging, laboratory, and clinical data showed better prediction for CIP than laboratory data alone. Future directions include validation of this model on an external cohort and with patients on different ImT regimens.
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Rahman, MH, MM Alam Patwary, H. Barua, M. Hossain, and S. Nahar. "Evaluation of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes for Higher Yield and Quality." Agriculturists 11, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17483.
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Four orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) genotypes viz., CIP 194513.15, CIP 194515.15, CIP 441132 and CIP 440267.2 collected from International Potato Centre (CIP) and four BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) - hybrid orange flesh sweet potato genotypes viz., H16/06, H19/06, H3/07 and H6/07 were evaluated against BARI SP-3 and BARI SP-4 having orange fleshed at Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Pahartali, Chittagong for yield and quality. The highest (31.59 t/ha) tuberous root yield was found in CIP 194513.15 which was followed by CIP 440267.2 (30.97 t/ha) and the lowest yield (13.34 t/ha) was obtained in BARI SP 3. The maximum dry matter (29.83%) was obtained in H6/07 while the minimum dry matter (17.61%) was obtained in CIP 441132. Among the tested genotypes the highest (approximately) Vitamin A (919.2 ?g/100 g RE, FW) was recorded in CIP 440267.2, which had red skin and latex absent flesh and the lowest was (approximately) in H6/07 (Vit A 0.0 ?g/100 g RE, FW). The results of the present study indicated that CIP 440267.2 is suitable among the OFSP genotypes for cultivation in Bangladesh on the basis of yield and quality mainly carotinous. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17483 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 21-27
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Skwira, Adrianna, Adrian Szewczyk, Agnieszka Konopacka, Monika Górska, Dorota Majda, Rafał Sądej, and Magdalena Prokopowicz. "Silica-Polymer Composites as the Novel Antibiotic Delivery Systems for Bone Tissue Infection." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010028.
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Bone tissue inflammation, osteomyelitis, is commonly caused by bacterial invasion and requires prolonged antibiotic therapy for weeks or months. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop novel silica-polymer local bone antibiotic delivery systems characterized by a sustained release of ciprofloxacin (CIP) which remain active against Staphylococcus aureus for a few weeks, and do not have a toxic effect towards human osteoblasts. Four formulations composed of ethylcellulose (EC), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), freeze-dried CIP, and CIP-adsorbed mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41-CIP) were prepared via solvent-evaporation blending method. All obtained composites were characterized in terms of molecular structure, morphological, and structural properties by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and in vitro antibiotic release. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility to human osteoblasts of obtained composites were also examined. Physicochemical results confirmed the presence of particular components (FTIR), formation of continuous polymer phase onto the surface of freeze-dried CIP or MCM-41-CIP (SEM/EDX), and semi-crystalline (composites containing freeze-dried CIP) or amorphous (composites containing MCM-41-CIP) structure (XRD). TGA and DSC analysis indicated the high thermal stability of CIP adsorbed onto the MCM-41, and higher after MCM-41-CIP coating with polymer blend. The release study revealed the significant reduction in initial burst of CIP for the composites which contained MCM-41-CIP instead of freeze-dried CIP. These composites were also characterized by the 30-day activity against S. aureus and the highest cytocompatibility to human osteoblasts in vitro.
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Omer, Mustafa E., Majed Halwani, Rayan M. Alenazi, Omar Alharbi, Shokran Aljihani, Salam Massadeh, Majed Al Ghoribi, Manal Al Aamery, and Alaa Eldeen Yassin. "Novel Self-Assembled Polycaprolactone–Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles Enhance the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 25, no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630320943126.
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Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used antibiotic, is a poor biopharmaceutical resulting in low bioavailability. We optimized a CIP polymer–lipid hybrid nanoparticle (CIP-PLN) delivery system to enhance its biopharmaceutical attributes and the overall therapeutic performance. CIP-PLN formulations were prepared by a direct emulsification–solvent–evaporation method. Varying the type and ratio of lipid was tried to optimize a CIP-PLN formulation. All the prepared formulations were evaluated for their particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, physical stability, and drug entrapment efficiency. The drug in vitro release profile was also studied. Antibacterial activities were tested by the agar diffusion method for all CIP-PLN formulations against an Escherichia coli clinical bacterial isolate (EC04). CIP-PLN formulations showed average sizes in the range of 133.9 ± 1.7 nm to 217.1 ± 0.8 nm, exhibiting high size uniformity as indicated by polydispersity indices lower than 0.25. The entrapment efficiency was close to 80% for all formulations. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms indicated the existence of CIP in the amorphous state in all PLN formulations. Fourier transform infrared spectra indicated deep incorporation of molecular CIP within the polymer matrix. The release profile of CIP from PLN formulas showed a uniform prolonged drug profile, extended for a week from most formulations with a zero-order kinetics. The antibacterial activity of CIP-PLN formulations showed significantly higher antibacterial activity only with F4 containing lecithin as the lipid component. In conclusion, we successfully optimized a CIP-PLN formulation with a low nanoparticle size in a close range, high percentage of entrapment efficiency and drug loading, uniform prolonged release rate, and higher antibacterial activity against the EC04 clinical isolate.
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Chávez-Jacobo, Víctor M., Karen C. Hernández-Ramírez, Pamela Romo-Rodríguez, Rocío Viridiana Pérez-Gallardo, Jesús Campos-García, J. Félix Gutiérrez-Corona, Juan Pablo García-Merinos, Víctor Meza-Carmen, Jesús Silva-Sánchez, and Martha I. Ramírez-Díaz. "CrpP Is a Novel Ciprofloxacin-Modifying Enzyme Encoded by thePseudomonas aeruginosapUM505 Plasmid." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 62, no. 6 (March 26, 2018): e02629-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02629-17.
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ABSTRACTThe pUM505 plasmid, isolated from a clinicalPseudomonas aeruginosaisolate, confers resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) when transferred into the standardP. aeruginosastrain PAO1. CIP is an antibiotic of the quinolone family that is used to treatP. aeruginosainfections.In silicoanalysis, performed to identify CIP resistance genes, revealed that the 65-amino-acid product encoded by theorf131gene in pUM505 displays 40% amino acid identity to theMycobacterium smegmatisaminoglycoside phosphotransferase (an enzyme that phosphorylates and inactivates aminoglycoside antibiotics). We clonedorf131(renamedcrpP, forciprofloxacinresistanceprotein,plasmid encoded) into the pUCP20 shuttle vector. The resulting recombinant plasmid, pUC-crpP, conferred resistance to CIP onEscherichia colistrain J53-3, suggesting that this gene encodes a protein involved in CIP resistance. Using coupled enzymatic analysis, we determined that the activity of CrpP on CIP is ATP dependent, while little activity against norfloxacin was detected, suggesting that CIP may undergo phosphorylation. Using a recombinant His-tagged CrpP protein and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we also showed that CIP was phosphorylated prior to its degradation. Thus, our findings demonstrate that CrpP, encoded on the pUM505 plasmid, represents a new mechanism of CIP resistance inP. aeruginosa, which involves phosphorylation of the antibiotic.
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Spieler, Benjamin Oren, Gilberto Lopes, Alan Dal Pra, Tejan Diwanji, Raphael Yechieli, Laura M. Freedman, and Ivaylo Mihaylov. "Is checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis underreported in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) on PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): 9579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.9579.
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9579 Background: For patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), immunotherapy (ImT) has led to improvements in survival and quality of life. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is an uncommon but sometimes life-threatening adverse event. While CIP is a diagnosis of exclusion, many oncologists believe the incidence of CIP is underreported. Radiomics, an image analysis technique that can extract imperceptible information from radiographic images, has been incorporated into predictive models for many cancers. Recent studies suggest that radiomic analysis of pre-ImT imaging can predict CIP. We hypothesized that for patients with advanced NSCLC treated with Nivolumab monotherapy, the rate of CIP is underreported and radiomics features can identify CIP that was clinically misclassified. Methods: From an IRB-approved database (DB) of 159 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with Nivolumab, chart review identified 8 patients diagnosed with CIP of any grade (5%). 42 additional patients from the same DB without diagnosis of CIP were randomly selected for analysis. For all 50 patients, uninvolved lung in the last pre-ImT CT imaging study was segmented, delineated, and analyzed for radiomics features associated with CIP. A logistic regression model incorporating radiomics assigned a CIP probability score to every patient. Results: Six radiomics features correlated with CIP ( p-values range from 0.02 to 0.03). Each feature had an AUC of ~0.79 (range 0.789 to 0.794) showing large effect size, with odds ratios greater than 3.50 (4 features) or less than 0.3 (2 features). The radiomics-based probability model assigned 7/42 patients (17.5%) without clinical diagnosis of CIP a greater than 50% probability of CIP. Chart review revealed that 6/7 “misclassified” patients exhibited symptoms or radiographic features highly suggestive of CIP within 5 months of initial immunotherapy treatment. These indications originally had been attributed to disease progression, overshadowed by more severe symptoms or simply mislabeled (e.g. a case of recall pneumonitis was described as "radiation pneumonitis"). Conclusions: For patients with advanced NSCLC treated with nivolumab, the incidence of checkpoint-inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is underreported and radiomics features can help identify CIP that has been clinically misclassified. Future directions include expansion of this study across the full database, correlation of radiomics features with blood biomarkers, and the inclusion of tumor burden as an additional covariate in the analysis.
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Bligh, Roger P., and King K. Mak. "Critical Impact Points for Transitions and Terminals." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1797, no. 1 (January 2002): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1797-13.
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Guidelines for evaluating the safety performance of roadside safety features generally recommend that a worst case or critical impact point (CIP) be selected for crash testing. NCHRP Report 350 presents families of curves that can be used to determine the CIP for a transition section. However, these curves have been observed to overestimate the stiffness of a transition system and provide CIP values closer to the more rigid system of the transition (e.g., bridge rail end) than appropriate. New CIP selection curves for transitions are presented. A procedure is provided to aid in determining the CIP for transition sections with multiple rail elements or variations in post strength and post spacing. Various existing and theoretical transitions systems with wide-ranging combinations of beam and post strengths were used to validate the curves. The newly developed CIP relationships for transitions are recommended in lieu of the existing relationships contained in NCHRP Report 350. To facilitate the development of guidelines for the selection of a CIP for terminals, a new definition is proposed. The proposed definition for the CIP is the point along the terminal at which vehicle behavior transitions from gating to redirection. A methodology for determining the CIP using computer simulation techniques is investigated. The data clearly demonstrate that the selection of a single default impact location for all terminal configurations may not provide the CIP for many designs.
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Fujikawa, Takao. "HIP/CIP and Related Technologies." Journal of the Japan Society of Powder and Powder Metallurgy 52, no. 10 (2005): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.2497/jjspm.52.746.
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Kowalczuk, Dorota, Małgorzata Miazga-Karska, Agata Gładysz, Paweł Warda, Agnieszka Barańska, and Bartłomiej Drop. "Characterization of Ciprofloxacin-Bismuth-Loaded Antibacterial Wound Dressing." Molecules 25, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215096.
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The research was focused on developing a potentially antibacterial wound dressing made of polyurethane foam and loaded with bismuth-ciprofloxacin (Cip-Bi). The Cip-Bi chemical structure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis. The sought after antibacterial wound dressing was obtained by modification of the raw dressing with an iodine or bromine solution and subsequently with a Cip-Bi hydrogel. The amount of Cip-Bi loaded into the dressing matrix was determined indirectly on the basis of the differences in Cip-Bi concentrations, before and after the modification process, and the determination was performed with the HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) method. The modified dressing was found to have a two-step release of Cip-Bi, a feature helpful in the treatment of locally infected wounds and prevention of secondary bacterial infection. The zone of inhibition test against the selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria confirmed the antibacterial activity of the Cip-Bi-modified dressing. Preliminary tests conducted so far have been indicative of the Cip-Bi dressing’s relatively high activity against the tested organisms.
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Aryal, Sunil, and Resona Simkhada. "Ovipositional preference of potato tuber moth and its damage to different genotypes of potato in free choice condition." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32494.
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Potato tuber moth is a serious pests of potato which cause qualitative as well as quantitative loss on tubers at stores. Major control mechanism is to use chemical pesticide but this pose great hazard risk to the growers and consumers. Therefore this study evaluated tubers of ten potato genotypes viz. CIP 394600.52, CIP 393371.164, Khumal Ujjawal, PRP 296667.2, CIP 393385.39, CIP 395112.32, PRP 226567.2, PRP 0165667.6, CIP 393371.159, and Khumal Upahar against potato tuber moths for their ovipositional preferences and damage potential with nine replication in the laboratory. Number of deposited eggs for four days at eye and outside the tubers on skin, number of tunnel and tunnel length was measured. Least percentage of egg laid eye was least in genotype CIP 394600.52, CIP 393371.164 and variety Khumal Ujjawal respectively. The least number of total eggs laid on eyes was on genotype CIP 394600.52 9 (2.33±1.00) followed by variety Khumal Ujjwal. Although genotype CIP 393385.39 and Khumal Ujjwal was among the most preferred (6.00±2.45) genotype for oviposition, average number of tunnels and average total tunnel length remained very low. Factors such as physical, nutritional, chemical or genetical which may be involved inducing resistance mechanism thus should also be studied and verified.
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Nugroho, Kacuk Cikal, Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Retna Arilasita, Margono Margono, Bambang Hari Priyambodo, Budi Purnama, Saiful Amri Mazlan, and Seung-Bok Choi. "The Effect of Sr-CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles with Different Particles Sized as Additives in CIP-Based Magnetorheological Fluid." Materials 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 3684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14133684.
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This study investigated the effect of adding strontium (Sr)-doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in carbonyl iron particle (CIP)-based magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were fabricated at different particle sizes using co-precipitation at calcination temperatures of 300 and 400 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which were found to be spherical. The average grain sizes were 71–91 nm and 118–157 nm for nanoparticles that had been calcinated at 300 and 400 °C, respectively. As such, higher calcination temperatures were found to produce larger-sized Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. To investigate the rheological effects that Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have on CIP-based MRF, three MRF samples were prepared: (1) CIP-based MRF without nanoparticle additives (CIP-based MRF), (2) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 300 °C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T300), and (3) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 400 °C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T400). The rheological properties of these MRF samples were then observed at room temperature using a rheometer with a parallel plate at a gap of 1 mm. Dispersion stability tests were also performed to determine the sedimentation ratio of the three CIP-based MRF samples.
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Clermont, Dominique, Laurence Motreff, Virginie Passet, José-Carlos Fernandez, Chantal Bizet, and Sylvain Brisse. "Multilocus sequence analysis of the genus Citrobacter and description of Citrobacter pasteurii sp. nov." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_5 (May 1, 2015): 1486–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.000122.
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Strains originating from various sources and classified as members of the genus Citrobacter within the family Enterobacteriaceae were characterized by sequencing internal portions of genes rpoB, fusA, pyrG and leuS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, average nucleotide identity (ANI) of genomic sequences and biochemical tests. Phylogenetic analysis based on the four housekeeping genes showed that the 11 species of the genus Citrobacter with validly published names are well demarcated. Strains CIP 55.13T and CIP 55.9 formed a distinct branch associated with Citrobacter youngae . The ANI between CIP 55.9 and CIP 55.13T was 99.19 %, whereas it was 94.75 % between CIP 55.13T and strain CIP 105016T of the species C. youngae , the most closely related species. Biochemical characteristics consolidated the fact that the two isolates represent a separate species, for which the name Citrobacter pasteurii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CIP 55.13T ( = DSM 28879T = Na 1aT).
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Capaldi, Vincent F., Steven J. Durning, Louis N. Pangaro, and Rosalie Ber. "The Clinical Integrative Puzzle for Teaching and Assessing Clinical Reasoning: Preliminary Feasibility, Reliability, and Validity Evidence." Military Medicine 180, suppl_4 (April 1, 2015): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-14-00564.
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ABSTRACT Background: Expertise in clinical reasoning is essential for high-quality patient care. The Clinical Integrative Puzzle (CIP) is a novel assessment method for clinical reasoning. The purpose of our study was to further describe the CIP, providing feasibility, reliability, and validity evidence to support this tool for teaching and evaluating clinical reasoning. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized crossover trial assessing the CIP in second-year medical students from a single institution. Feasibility was estimated through the time taken to complete a CIP during a CIP session and through comments from faculty developers. Reliability was addressed through calculating odd–even item reliability (split-half procedure) for grid questions within each CIP. Evidence for content, concurrent, and predictive validity was also measured. Results: 36 students participated in the study. Data suggested successful randomization of participants and nonparticipants. The CIP was found to have high feasibility, acceptable reliability (0.43–0.73 with a mean of 0.60) with a short time for CIP completion. Spearman–Brown correction estimated a reliability of 0.75 with completing two grids (estimated time of 50 minutes) and 0.82 for three grids (estimated time of 75 minutes). Validity evidence was modest; the CIP is consistent with clinical reasoning literature and the CIP modestly correlated with small group performance (r = 0.3, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Assessing clinical reasoning in medical students is challenging. Our data provide good feasibility and reliability evidence for the use of CIPs; validity data was less robust.
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Al Mahmud, Abdullah, M. Jahangir Alam, Bimal Chandra Kundu, Milan Skalicky, M. Matiar Rahman, E. H. M. Shofiur Rahaman, Mousumi Sultana, et al. "Selection of Suitable Potato Genotypes for Late-Sown Heat Stress Conditions Based on Field Performance and Stress Tolerance Indices." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 2770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052770.
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International Potato Center (CIP), -bred potato genotypes produce various yields under heat stress conditions due to being sown late. To explore options for achieving this, a replicated experiment was conducted at the field of Tuber Crops Research Sub-Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Bogura, Bangladesh to evaluate the performance of fourteen CIP-bred potato genotypes with two controls (Asterix and Granola). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. Several indices were applied to find out the suitable genotypes under heat stress. The plant height increased by 34.61% under heat stress, which was common in all the potato genotypes. Similarly, other yield-participating characters like stem per hill, canopy coverage (%), plant vigor, and tuber number per plant were also increased under heat stress conditions. However, the tuber yield was decreased by 6.30% and 11.41%, respectively when harvested at 70 and 90 days after plantation. Moreover, “CIP-203” yielded the highest (40.66 t ha−1) in non-stressed whereas, “CIP-118” yielded the highest (32.89 t/ha) in stressed conditions. Likewise, the bred “CIP-218” and “CIP-118” performed better under both growing conditions and yielded >35.00 t ha−1. According to a rank-sum test, among the fourteen potato genotypes, “CIP-218”, “LB-7”, “CIP-118”, “CIP-232”, and “CIP-112” were selected as heat-tolerant potatoes and can grow in both growing conditions with higher yield potential.
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Qutob, Majdi S., Rabindra N. Bhattacharjee, Elisa Pollari, Siu Pok Yee, and Joseph Torchia. "Microtubule-Dependent Subcellular Redistribution of the Transcriptional Coactivator p/CIP." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 18 (September 15, 2002): 6611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.18.6611-6626.2002.
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ABSTRACT The transcriptional coactivator p/CIP is a member of a family of nuclear receptor coactivator/steroid receptor coactivator (NCoA/SRC) proteins that mediate the transcriptional activities of nuclear hormone receptors. We have found that p/CIP is predominantly cytoplasmic in a large proportion of cells in various tissues of the developing mouse and in a number of established cell lines. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, serum deprivation results in the redistribution of p/CIP to the cytoplasmic compartment and stimulation with growth factors or tumor-promoting phorbol esters promotes p/CIP shuttling into the nucleus. Cytoplasmic accumulation of p/CIP is also cell cycle dependent, occurring predominantly during the S and late M phases. Leptomycin B (LMB) treatment results in a marked nuclear accumulation, suggesting that p/CIP undergoes dynamic nuclear export as well as import. We have identified a strong nuclear import signal in the N terminus of p/CIP and two leucine-rich motifs in the C terminus that resemble CRM-1-dependent nuclear export sequences. When fused to green fluorescent protein, the nuclear export sequence region is cytoplasmic and is retained in the nucleus in an LMB-dependent manner. Disruption of the leucine-rich motifs prevents cytoplasmic accumulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cytoplasmic p/CIP associates with tubulin and that an intact microtubule network is required for intracellular shuttling of p/CIP. Immunoaffinity purification of p/CIP from nuclear and cytosolic extracts revealed that only nuclear p/CIP complexes possess histone acetyltransferase activity. Collectively, these results suggest that cellular compartmentalization of NCoA/SRC proteins could potentially regulate nuclear hormone receptor-mediated events as well as integrating signals in response to different environmental cues.
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O'Regan, Edel, Teresa Quinn, Jean-Marie Pagès, Matthew McCusker, Laura Piddock, and Séamus Fanning. "Multiple Regulatory Pathways Associated with High-Level Ciprofloxacin and Multidrug Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis: Involvement of ramA and Other Global Regulators." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 3 (December 22, 2008): 1080–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01005-08.
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ABSTRACT Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance were examined in nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis field isolates displaying decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and in in vitro-derived ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants (104-cip and 5408-cip). All field isolates harbored a single gyrA mutation (D87Y). Deletion of acrB and complementation with wild-type gyrA increased quinolone susceptibility. Selection for ciprofloxacin resistance was associated with the development of an additional gyrA (S83F) mutation in 104-cip, novel gyrB (E466D) and parE (V461G) mutations in 5408-cip, overexpression of acrB and decreased susceptibility to nonquinolone antibiotics in both mutants, and decreased OmpF production and altered lipopolysaccharide in 104-cip. Complementation of mutated gyrA and gyrB with wild-type alleles restored susceptibility to quinolones in 104-cip and significantly decreased the ciprofloxacin MIC in 5408-cip. Complementation of parE had no effect on quinolone MICs. Deletion of acrB restored susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics tested. Both soxS and marA were overexpressed in 104-cip, and ramA was overexpressed in 5408-cip. Inactivation of each of these global regulators lowered ciprofloxacin MICs, decreased expression of acrB, and restored susceptibility to other antibiotics. Mutations were found in soxR (R20H) and in soxS (E52K) in 104-cip and in ramR (G25A) in 5408-cip. In conclusion, both efflux activity and a single gyrA mutation contribute to nalidixic acid resistance and reduced ciprofloxacin sensitivity. Ciprofloxacin resistance and decreased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics can result from different genetic events leading to development of target gene mutations, increased efflux activity resulting from differential expression of global regulators associated with mutations in their regulatory genes, and possible altered membrane permeability.
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Xing, Xuebing, Jingwen Feng, Guocheng Lv, Kenan Song, Lefu Mei, Libing Liao, Xiaoyu Wang, and Ben Xu. "Adsorption Mechanism of Ciprofloxacin from Water by Synthesized Birnessite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/148423.
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The efficiency of ciprofloxacin (CIP) adsorption on synthesized birnessite was systematically studied under varying physicochemical conditions, such as solution pH, contact time, initial CIP concentration, and different average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn in birnessite. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and molecular simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption mechanism of CIP on birnessite. Experimental results showed that surface adsorption instead of cation exchange was responsible for the uptake of CIP on birnessite. The quantum mechanics simulation showed that the final energy of the interaction between CIP and birnessite was smaller under the condition when the AOS of Mn was lower, in comparison to the case when the AOS of Mn was high. The highest CIP adsorption occurred under a weak alkaline condition.
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Guo, Hui Ru, Yong Bo Wu, Ya Guo Li, Jian Guo Cao, M. Fujimoto, and S. D. Jacobs. "Technical Performance of Zirconia-Coated Carbonyl-Iron-Particles Based Magnetic Compound Fluid Slurry in Ultrafine Polishing of PMMA." Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (November 2012): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.161.
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A kind of zirconia-coated carbonyl-iron-particles (CIPs), which show long-time stability against aqueous, is installed in magnetic compound fluid (MCF) to polish PMMA. Performance (normal polishing force and surface roughness) of zirconia-coated CIP based MCF slurry with different CIP concentrations is investigated. For comparison, the performances of the conventional non-coated CIP (i.e., HQ) based MCF slurry and MRF slurry in which DI-water is employed instead of MF are also examined. In the presence of Al2O3 abrasive particles, the use of zirconia-coated CIP based MCF slurry can not result in better polishing performances compared with conventional HQ CIP based MCF slurry; In the absence of Al2O3 abrasive particles, higher normal polishing force and smoother work-surface were obtained with the zirconia-coated CIP based MCF slurry rather than the MRF slurry; For the zirconia-coated CIP based MCF slurry without abrasive particles, the concentration of zirconia-coated CIP should be less than a certain value (in the current work, 70 wt. %), otherwise MCF slurry shows bad particle dispersion and is easily dried, resulting in the loss of its polishing ability.
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Bowman, John P., and David S. Nichols. "Novel members of the family Flavobacteriaceae from Antarctic maritime habitats including Subsaximicrobium wynnwilliamsii gen. nov., sp. nov., Subsaximicrobium saxinquilinus sp. nov., Subsaxibacter broadyi gen. nov., sp. nov., Lacinutrix copepodicola gen. nov., sp. nov., and novel species of the genera Bizionia, Gelidibacter and Gillisia." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 1471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63527-0.
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Several orange- and yellow-pigmented, halophilic, strictly aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, Gram-negative strains were isolated during investigations of maritime Antarctic habitats, including coastal fast sea-ice brine and algae, crustaceans and quartz stone sublithic cyanobacterial biofilms. Isolates investigated in this study belonged to the marine clade of the family Flavobacteriaceae and represented lineages that were either distinct from species with validly published names or appeared to be distinct species within existing genera. A polyphasic taxonomic analysis demonstrated the novelty of these strains, and several new taxa are proposed. Strains from quartz stone sublithic communities were grouped into two new genera designated Subsaximicrobium gen. nov. and Subsaxibacter gen. nov. The genus Subsaximicrobium included the species Subsaximicrobium wynnwilliamsii sp. nov. (type species; type strain G#7T=ACAM 1070T=CIP 108525T) and Subsaximicrobium saxinquilinus sp. nov. (type strain Y4-5T=ACAM 1063T=CIP 108526T). The genus Subsaxibacter contained a single species designated Subsaxibacter broadyi sp. nov. (type strain P7T=ACAM 1064T=CIP 108527T). A novel bacterial strain isolated from the lake-dwelling, calanoid copepod Paralabidocera antarctica was given the name Lacinutrix copepodicola gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain DJ3T=ACAM 1055T=CIP 108538T). Four novel species of the genus Bizionia were discovered, Bizionia algoritergicola sp. nov. (type strain APA-1T=ACAM 1056T=CIP 108533T) and Bizionia myxarmorum sp. nov. (type strain ADA-4T=ACAM 1058T=CIP 108535T), which were isolated from the carapace surfaces of sea-ice algae-feeding amphipods, and Bizionia gelidisalsuginis sp. nov. (type strain IC164T=ACAM 1057T=CIP 108536T) and Bizionia saleffrena sp. nov. (type strain HFDT=ACAM 1059T=CIP 108534T), which were isolated from sea-ice brines. Several other novel species were also isolated from sea-ice samples, including two novel species of the genus Gelidibacter, Gelidibacter gilvus sp. nov. (type strain IC158T=ACAM 1054T=CIP 108531T) and Gelidibacter salicanalis sp. nov. (type strain IC162T=ACAM 1053T=CIP 108532T), as well as three novel species of the genus Gillisia, Gillisia illustrilutea sp. nov. (type strain IC157T=ACAM 1062T=CIP 108530T), Gillisia sandarakina sp. nov. (type strain IC148T=ACAM 1060T=CIP 108529T) and Gillisia hiemivivida sp. nov. (type strain IC154T=ACAM 1061T=CIP 108528T).
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Peng, Yong, Jefferson Zhe Liu, Kun Wang, and Yi-Bing Cheng. "Influence of Parameters of Cold Isostatic Pressing on TiO2Films for Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/410352.
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Cold Isostatic Pressing (CIP) is used to make TiO2working electrodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Different CIP processes, varying pressures from 50 MPa to 200 MPa and holding time 1 s up to 600 s, are performed to study the effect of CIP on the resistivity of TiO2electrode thin films and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSCs. The results show that the CIP process has significantly improved the PCE of DSC devices. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis indicates a clear correlation between the PCE enhancement and the resistivity reduction in TiO2thin films after various CIP processes. Porosity reduction and localized joints formed between some TiO2nanoparticles due to the friction heat in the CIP process are believed to be responsible for the resistivity reduction of the TiO2working electrode thin films.
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Gómez Cantore, J. "Curricular Innovation Project (CIP)." Anales de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (Asunción) 49, no. 1 (September 16, 2016): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/anales/2016.049(01)13-016.
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Axer, H. "S19: CIP and CIM." Clinical Neurophysiology 125 (June 2014): S4—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50018-1.
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Clinca, Georgeta. "The Functioning of CIP." IFLA Journal 20, no. 4 (December 1994): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/034003529402000411.
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Strawn, Brad D. "Clinical Integrative Practice (CIP)." Journal of Psychology and Theology 48, no. 4 (September 18, 2020): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091647120956964.
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Stergiopoulou, Theodouli, Joseph Meletiadis, Tin Sein, Paraskevi Papaioannidou, Thomas J. Walsh, and Emmanuel Roilides. "Synergistic Interaction of the Triple Combination of Amphotericin B, Ciprofloxacin, and Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils against Aspergillus fumigatus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 12 (September 12, 2011): 5923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00548-11.
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ABSTRACTAspergillusis damaged by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) by means of nonoxidative and oxidative mechanisms, which may be affected by antifungal and antibacterial agents that patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis often receive. The pharmacodynamic interactions among deoxycholate amphotericin B (AMB), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and human PMNs againstAspergillus fumigatusgrowth are unknown. We therefore studied the interactions between 0.032 to 2.0 μg/ml of AMB, 0.1 to 50 μg/ml of CIP at a fixed AMB/CIP ratio of 1:3.125, and PMNs from six donors at an effector-to-target (E:T) ratio of 400:1 against a clinicalA. fumigatusisolate using an XTT metabolic assay and the Bliss independence pharmacodynamic-interaction model. CIP exhibited no antifungal activity alone or in combination with PMNs. Synergy was found between AMB and PMNs, with interaction indices (II) of 0.06 to 0.21; the highest interaction of 21% ± 3.6% was observed at 0.22 ± 0.09 μg/ml of AMB. The AMB and CIP (AMB+CIP) combination was synergistic (II = 0.39) at low AMB concentrations and antagonistic (II = 1.39) at high AMB concentrations, with a maximal synergistic interaction of 16% ± 3.7% observed at 0.16 ± 0.08 μg/ml of AMB. The triple combination AMB+CIP+PMNs was synergistic, with interaction indices of 0.05 to 0.20, and a maximal synergistic interaction of 24% ± 4% was observed at 0.20 ± 0.07 μg/ml of AMB. The increased percentage of Bliss synergy of the triple combination AMB+CIP+PMNs (24% ± 4%) was the product of those of the constituent double combinations AMB+PMNs (21% ± 3.6%) and AMB+CIP (16% ± 3.7%). Thus, the antifungal activity of AMB, at clinically relevant concentrations, was enhanced in combination with PMNs and CIP againstA. fumigatusgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Silva, Ana R., Ana J. Cavaleiro, O. Salomé G. P. Soares, Cátia S. N. Braga, Andreia F. Salvador, M. Fernando R. Pereira, M. Madalena Alves, and Luciana Pereira. "Detoxification of Ciprofloxacin in an Anaerobic Bioprocess Supplemented with Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes: Contribution of Adsorption and Biodegradation Mechanisms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 2932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062932.
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In anaerobic bioreactors, the electrons produced during the oxidation of organic matter can potentially be used for the biological reduction of pharmaceuticals in wastewaters. Common electron transfer limitations benefit from the acceleration of reactions through utilization of redox mediators (RM). This work explores the potential of carbon nanomaterials (CNM) as RM on the anaerobic removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP). Pristine and tailored carbon nanotubes (CNT) were first tested for chemical reduction of CIP, and pristine CNT was found as the best material, so it was further utilized in biological anaerobic assays with anaerobic granular sludge (GS). In addition, magnetic CNT were prepared and also tested in biological assays, as they are easier to be recovered and reused. In biological tests with CNM, approximately 99% CIP removal was achieved, and the reaction rates increased ≈1.5-fold relatively to the control without CNM. In these experiments, CIP adsorption onto GS and CNM was above 90%. Despite, after applying three successive cycles of CIP addition, the catalytic properties of magnetic CNT were maintained while adsorption decreased to 29 ± 3.2%, as the result of CNM overload by CIP. The results suggest the combined occurrence of different mechanisms for CIP removal: adsorption on GS and/or CNM, and biological reduction or oxidation, which can be accelerated by the presence of CNM. After biological treatment with CNM, toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri was evaluated, resulting in ≈ 46% detoxification of CIP solution, showing the advantages of combining biological treatment with CNM for CIP removal.