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Journal articles on the topic 'CIPD'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Morales-Muñoz, Isabel, Isabel Martínez-Gras, Guillermo Ponce, Javier de la Cruz, David Lora, Roberto Rodríguez-Jiménez, Rosa Jurado-Barba, et al. "Psychological symptomatology and impaired prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex are associated with cannabis-induced psychosis." Journal of Psychopharmacology 31, no. 8 (June 26, 2017): 1035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881117711920.

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Background: Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) is a psychiatric disorder induced by cannabis consumption. The psychological and psychophysiological features of this disorder are still unknown. We aimed to examine the psychological, personality and psychophysiological features of patients with CIPD. This study is an analytical extension of our previously published data, which previously found prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in the CIPD group used in this current paper. Methods: We used a sample of 45 patients with CIPD. After 9 months of follow up, these patients were assessed with a Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) questionnaire of psychopathology, with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and with a psychophysiological paradigm of inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI). These results were compared with a group of patients with schizophrenia and cannabis abuse (SCHZ) ( n = 54); patients with cannabis dependence (CD) ( n = 21); and healthy controls ( n = 50). Results: CIPD patients obtained significant higher scores in the SCL-90-R subscale of neuroticism. These patients showed PPI percentages similar to SCHZ patients within early attentional levels (30 ms). The variables with greater correlation, and that appeared in the CIPD group were interpersonal sensitivity, depression and phobia. Conclusions: Neurotic symptomatology and difficulties in inhibition of the startle reflex might be risk factors for developing CIPD.
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2

Lehmann, H. C. "Chronisch inflammatorische demyelinisierende Polyneuropathie." Nervenheilkunde 33, no. 07/08 (2014): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1627709.

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ZusammenfassungDie chronisch inflammatorische demyelinisierende Polyneuropathie (CIDP) ist eine sporadisch auftretende, chronisch progredient oder schubförmige verlaufende entzündliche periphere Neuropathie. Klinische und experimentelle Daten belegen, dass die CIDP eine autoimmun-vermittelte Neuropathie ist, bei der eine aberrante humorale und zelluläre Immunantwort gegen Bestandteile peripherer Nerven entscheidend beteiligt sind. In den vergangenen Jahren sind weitere Erkenntnisse hinsichtlich der Epidemiologie und der Pathogenese dieser Erkrankung erzielt worden. Von klinischer Seite wird zunehmend der Stellenwert bildgebende Verfahren zur Diagnostik der CIDP wissenschaftlich untersucht. Ergänzt werden diese Fortschritte durch die Ergebnisse neuerer Therapiestudien, die zu einer Verbesserung der Langzeitbehandlung von CIPD-Patienten führen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über diese neuesten Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der CIDP.
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3

Gupta, V. K. "Ocular palsy and CIPD." Neurology 47, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.47.1.306.

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4

Roncero, C., M. Comin, C. Daigre, L. Grau-López, N. Martínez-Luna, F. Eiroa-Orosa, L. Miquel, E. Castrillo, M. Torrens, and M. Casas. "Risks factors for cocaine-induced psychotic disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71807-7.

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IntroductionChronic consumption of cocaine can induce transient psychotic symptoms, expressed as paranoia or hallucinations. The term cocaine induced psychosis (CIP) has been used to describe this syndrome. Cocaine Induce Psichotic Disorder (CIPD) have been used to describe a full psychotic state. CIP and CIPD prevalences are not well described.ObjectivesTo evaluate risk factors for CIPD, in cocaine-dependents according to DSM-IV criteria.MethodsWe evaluated 150 patients (mean age 34 y.o, 81.8% men) of which 143 were included, using The PRISM (Psychiatric Research for Substance and Mental Disorders) interview. Exclusion criteria were: psychotic disorder or bipolar type I disorder, intoxication at interview, severe somatic disease at interview and language barrier. We compared three groups: group I: without any psychotic symptoms (33,33%); group II: with any psychotic symptoms (28,57%) and group III: with CIPD (38,77%).ResultsDifferences were found in Patients of Group III in the Age at onset of addiction p < .0001*, past history of imprisonment p < 0,01, Alcohol Use disorders p = .006, Cannabis use disorders P < .0001* and Hallucinogens use disorders p < 0,001.All remaining after Bonferroni corrections.ConclusionsCIPD is common in this population (approximately 40%). Risk factor for suffering CIPD were described, in Cocaine-dependents. Finally, professionals who work with cocaine-dependents patients should incorporate these considerations into an integral approach.
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Morgan, Arthur, and David Turner. "Adding value to the work placement: working towards a professional qualification in an undergraduate degree programme." Education + Training 42, no. 8 (November 1, 2000): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00400910010379989.

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This article reviews the opportunity provided by the work placement year for human resource management students to gain professional membership of the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development (CIPD). A case study approach is used to reflect on findings related to the first two cohorts. It concludes that the benefits of the opportunity to gain a separate professional qualification are twofold. First, it ties in closely with what appears is a more strategic career decision‐making process on behalf of the student and, second, the CIPD qualification provides a robust framework for the placement period during this important stage of student studies.
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Staub, Yukiko, Yukio Suga, Yasuhiro Ikawa, Kiyotaka Tsubouchi, Mikie Hashimoto, Atsufumi Kawagishi, Tsutomu Shimada, Yoshimichi Sai, Katsuji Nishimura, and Ryo Matsushita. "Detailed assessment and risk factor analysis of corticosteroid-induced psychiatric disorders in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients undergoing induction or consolidation therapy for hematologic malignancy." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 5 (October 21, 2019): 1041–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155219879992.

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Background Corticosteroid-induced psychiatric disorders (CIPDs) represent an adverse effect that can cause severe emotional and behavioral problems. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and risk factors of CIPDs. Methods A retrospective analysis of 92 pediatric and young adult patients with hematologic malignancies was conducted. Results The incidence of CIPDs in patients receiving a treatment regimen with prednisolone or dexamethasone was 64.9% and 77.5%, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than that in patients not receiving corticosteroids. Independent risk factors and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) related to severe CIPD were 2.15 (1.11–4.18) for dexamethasone (using prednisolone as the reference) and 0.81 (0.75–0.87) for age, suggesting that the odds increase with decreasing age. Frequently observed symptoms, respectively in terms of behavioral and emotional problems were defiance, crying, psychomotor excitement, dysphoria, irritability, and depression. To our knowledge, this is the first report to mention the risk factors and characteristics for clinical symptoms of CIPDs during the developmental process. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should predict and prepare for psychiatric adverse events prior to chemotherapy in the clinical settings, especially in patients in younger age and receiving a treatment regimen with dexamethasone.
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7

KATAEVA, Irina, Gérard GUGLIELMI, and Pierre BÉGUIN. "Interaction between Clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase CelD and polypeptides derived from the cellulosome-integrating protein CipA: stoichiometry and cellulolytic activity of the complexes." Biochemical Journal 326, no. 2 (September 1, 1997): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3260617.

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Four mini-scaffoldins were constructed from modules derived from the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome-integrating protein CipA. Cip7 and Cip6 contained one and two cohesin modules respectively. Cip14 and Cip16, also containing one and two cohesin modules respectively, were flanked by a cellulose-binding domain. Endoglucanase CelD formed stable complexes with all mini-scaffoldins. Analytical ultracentrifugation of the complexes showed that 1 mol of CelD bound per mol of Cip14, and 2 mol of CelD bound per mol of Cip16. Under the conditions used for assaying cellulase activity, 96% of CelD alone bound to Avicel. Association with Cip14 or Cip16 increased the cellulose binding of CelD to 99%, while association with Cip7 or Cip6 decreased binding to 79 and 75% respectively. The hydrolytic activity of CelD against Avicel was increased 3-fold in complexes with Cip14 and Cip16, but remained substantially the same in complexes with Cip6 and Cip7. Addition of whole CipA also enhanced the efficiency of Avicel hydrolysis by CelD. However, even at an optimal ratio of the components, CelD–CipA complexes were somewhat less active than complexes of CelD with Cip14 or Cip16. These results suggest that the synergism observed between CelD and Cip14 or Cip16 is mostly due to the presence of the cellulose-binding domain, which promotes productive binding of the enzyme.
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&NA;. "Immune globulin therapy improves QOL in CIPD ... eventually." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1658 (October 2008): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200816580-00040.

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9

Horton, J. C., and J. G. Arroyo. "Reply from the Authors: Ocular palsy and CIPD." Neurology 47, no. 1 (July 1, 1996): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.47.1.306-a.

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10

Scarborough, Harry, and Chris Carter. "Investigating Knowledge Management20014Investigating Knowledge Management. CIPD, 2000. £50.00." Industrial and Commercial Training 33, no. 5 (September 2001): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict.2001.33.5.178.4.

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11

Lillo-Ferez, M., C. Dupommereulle, P. Prieur, B. Allain, and M. Petrover. "B2-Microglobulin Clearance by Chronic Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (CIPD)." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 6, no. 4 (October 1986): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686088600600414.

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12

Alves, José Eustáquio Diniz. "População, desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade: perspectivas para a CIPD pós-2014." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 31, no. 1 (June 2014): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-30982014000100013.

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13

Cattell, Alan. "Learning and Development20061Rosemary Harrison. Learning and Development. London: CIPD 2005. 389 pp. £36.99 (paperback) with additional discounts for CIPD Members and students, ISBN: 1843980509." Industrial and Commercial Training 38, no. 1 (January 2006): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197850610646061.

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14

Martins, Maria João, Célia Carvalho, Paula Castilho, Ana Telma Pereira, and António Macedo. "The “Clinical Interview for Psychotic Disorders” (CIPD): Development and expert evaluation." International Journal of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, no. 2 (November 25, 2015): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21035/ijcnmh.2015.2.7.

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Fujiwara, Mikio, and Masahide Sasaki. "Photon Number Resolving Detector at Telecom Wavelengths: Charge Integration Photon Detector (CIPD)." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 13, no. 4 (2007): 952–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2007.903857.

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Alves, José Eustáquio Diniz. "Os 25 anos da CIPD: Terra inabitável e o grito da juventude." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 36 (November 4, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0085.

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O fim da Guerra Fria, o desmoronamento da União Soviética, a unificação alemã, a formação da União Europeia e a emergência econômica da China e da Índia abriram um momento de colaboração e esperança de progresso na ordem internacional, na última década do turbulento século XX. A Conferência Internacional sobre População e Desenvolvimento (CIPD), ocorrida no Cairo, em 1994, se beneficiou deste clima global favorável e apresentou um Programa de Ação com uma visão otimista da tríplice relação entre população, desenvolvimento e natureza, prenunciando um mundo com avanços econômicos e sociais, com respeito ao meio ambiente e ampliação dos direitos humanos. Contudo, as múltiplas conquistas materiais e a melhoraem diversos indicadores sociais ocorreram às custas do empobrecimento dos ecossistemas e do desequilíbrio climático do planeta. O sonho do desenvolvimento sustentável tem gerado pesadelos, principalmente entre as novas gerações, que estão ocupando as ruas para denunciar as promessas vazias e a crescente probabilidade de um apocalipse ecológico que se vislumbra no horizonte. São estas questões que serão tratadas nesta nota técnica, neste momento em que se realiza a cúpula CIPD25, de Nairóbi.
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Du, Xiangxi, and Yanhua Sun. "Control of hybrid electromagnetic bearing and elastic foil gas bearing under deep learning." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): e0243107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243107.

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The hybrid electromagnetic and elastic foil gas bearing is explored based on the radial basis function (RBF) neural network in this study so as to improve its stabilization in work. The related principles and structure of hybrid electromagnetic and elastic foil gas bearings is introduced firstly. Then, the proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) bearing controller is introduced and improved into two controllers: IPD and CPID. The controllers and hybrid bearing system are controlled based on the RBF neural network based on deep learning. The characteristics of the hybrid bearing system are explored at the end of this study, and the control simulation research is developed based on the Simulink simulation platform. The effects of the PID, IPD, and CIPD controllers based on the RBF neural network are compared, and they are also compared based on the traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results show that the thickness, spread angle, and rotation speed of the elastic foil have great impacts on the bearing system. The proposed CIPD bearing control method based on RBF neural network has the shortest response time and the best control effect. The controller parameter tuning optimization starts to converge after one generation, which is the fastest iteration. It proves that RBF neural network control based on deep learning has high feasibility in hybrid bearing system. Therefore, the results provide an important reference for the application of deep learning in rotating machinery.
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Martins, M. J., C. Carvalho, P. Castilho, A. T. Pereira, J. Gonçalves, R. Guiomar, A. M. Pinto, et al. "Empowerment With Psychotic Symptoms Scale (EWPSS): Exploratory Study of the Scale's Psychometric Properties." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S276—S277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.115.

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BackgroundEmpowerment has been defined as the ability to act autonomously, the willingness to take risks and being aware of responsibility. The importance of this construct in psychosis has been emphasized by recovery models. An integrant part of the Clinical Interview for Psychotic Disorders (CIPD), the EWPSS is a visual analog scale in which the participants assess their sense of empowerment regarding symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms and disorganization). EWPSS focuses on personal empowerment (self-worth and self-efficacy) as it could apply to symptoms.AimsTo preliminarily assess the psychometric properties of the EWPSS in a sample of participants with psychosis.MethodsThe sample comprised 22 participants (68.2% male), 72.7% single, 50% employed, between 19 and 47 years old (M = 31.05; SD = 7.088), with 4–17 years of education (M = 11.77; SD = 3.176). The most prevalent diagnosis was schizophrenia (68.2%) and the participants had a mean of 1.90 hospitalizations (SD = 2.548). The participants were assessed with the CIPD (EWPSS) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21.ResultsEWPSS has shown acceptable reliability for all dimensions (with alphas ranging between .54 and .78). Empowerment with delusions was associated with the other dimensions, excepting for empowerment with negative symptoms (which in turn was not associated significantly with any dimension). Empowerment regarding hallucinations and with disorganization were only associated with empowerment with delusions, which was also associated with anxiety symptoms (r = –.52, P = .016).ConclusionsThe EWPSS presented adequate reliability and validity. Further studies intended to explore the factorial structure of the EWPSS are under development.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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McGurk, John. "Learning and Talent Development in Transition: The CIPD learning and Talent Development Survey." FOR - Rivista per la formazione, no. 86 (June 2011): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/for2011-086018.

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Martins, M. J., P. Castilho, C. Carvalho, T. Pereira, J. Gonçalves, R. Guiomar, C. Marques, et al. "Assessing suicide risk with the Clinical Interview for Psychotic Disorders (CIPD): Preliminary reliability and validity of the Suicide Risk Scale for Psychosis (SRS-P)." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S188—S189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2113.

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BackgroundSuicide risk is an important variable to consider both in assessment and throughout the therapeutic process in psychotic disorders. The SRS-P is an 18-item scale computed from the patient and clinician-rated scores obtained in the CIPD. The scale comprises lifetime assessment of depressed mood, anhedonia and its current interference and severity, current and past feelings of hopelessness, suicidal ideation, ‘voices’ about suicide, and suicide-related behaviors.AimsTo assess reliability and convergent validity of the SRS-P in a sample of participants with psychosis.MethodsThe sample comprised 22 participants (68.2% male), single (72.7%), between 19 and 47 years old (M = 31.05; SD = 7.088), with 4–17 years of education (M = 11.77; SD = 3.176), employed (50%). The most prevalent diagnosis was schizophrenia (68.2%) and the participants had a mean of 1.90 hospitalizations (SD = 2.548). The mean age of illness onset was 23.57 years (SD = 5.555). The participants were assessed with the CIPD, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales-21, Forms of Self-Criticism and Reassurance Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, Other as Shamer Scale and the Empowerment with Psychotic Symptoms Scales.ResultsThe SRS-P has shown good reliability (α = .87) and validity in relation to depressive symptoms (r = .67; P = .001), anxiety (r = .74; P < .001), stress (r = .59; P = .004), inadequate self (r = .43; P = .046), hated self (r = .54; P = .009), reassured self (r = –.65; P = .001), self-compassion (r = –.63; P = .002), shame (r = .46; P = .033) and empowerment regarding positive symptoms (r = –.54; P = .015).ConclusionsThe SRS-P presented adequate reliability and convergent-divergent validity. Further studies are planned in order to test the factorial structure of the scale and confirm the presented results in a larger sample.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Nevoret, Marie-Laure, and Aaron I. Vinik. "Poster 346 Measuring Symptoms and Small Fiber Function Objectively in CIPD: A Case Report." PM&R 6, no. 9 (September 2014): S305—S306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.08.725.

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Cattell, Alan. "Training in the Age of the Learner20041Martyn Sloman. Training in the Age of the Learner. London: CIPD 2003. 125 pp., ISBN: 0‐85292‐991‐9 £25.19 for CIPD members, £27.99 for non‐members (paperback)." Industrial and Commercial Training 36, no. 7 (December 2004): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197850410563948.

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Martins, Maria João, Lara Palmeira, Ana Xavier, Paula Castilho, António Macedo, Ana Telma Pereira, Ana Margarida Pinto, Diogo Carreiras, and Célia Barreto-Carvalho. "The Clinical Interview for Psychotic Disorders (CIPD): Preliminary results on interrater agreement, reliability and qualitative feedback." Psychiatry Research 272 (February 2019): 723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.176.

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by Gareth Bell, Interview. "HR at the heart of SME performance: an interview with Dr Jill Miller, Research Adviser, CIPD." Human Resource Management International Digest 21, no. 5 (July 12, 2013): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-05-2013-0046.

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25

Bintrim, Scott B., and Jerald C. Ensign. "Insertional Inactivation of Genes Encoding the Crystalline Inclusion Proteins of Photorhabdus luminescens Results in Mutants with Pleiotropic Phenotypes." Journal of Bacteriology 180, no. 5 (March 1, 1998): 1261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.5.1261-1269.1998.

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ABSTRACT The entomopathogenic bacterium Photorhabdus luminescensexhibits phase variation when cultured in vitro. The variant forms ofP. luminescens are pleiotropic and are designated phase I and phase II variants. One of the characteristic phenotypes of phase I cells is the production of two types of intracellular protein inclusions. The genes encoding the protein monomers that form these inclusions, designated cipA and cipB, were cloned and characterized. cipA and cipB encode hydrophobic proteins of 11,648 and 11,308 Da, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of CipA and CipB have no significant amino acid sequence similarity to any other known protein but have 25% identity and 49% similarity to each other. Insertional inactivation ofcipA or cipB in phase I cells of P. luminescens produced mutants that differ from phase I cells in bioluminescence, the pattern and activities of extracellular products, biochemical traits, adsorption of dyes, and ability to support nematode growth and reproduction. In general, the cip mutants were phenotypically more similar to each other than to either phase I or phase II variants.
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Manna, P. M. L., J. E. Costa, and R. S. Gomez. "CD26 Immuno-Expression and Periodontal Disease Progression." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 1, no. 2 (2001): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110724301000195.

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Immunological mechanisms participate in the pathogenesis of human chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (CIPD). Human CD4+lymphocytes express functionally heterogeneous profiles of cytokine production. CD26 is an integral membrane glycoprotein, that is, a marker of Th1-like cytokine development. The purpose of the present study was to compare the immuno-expression of CD26 receptor in periodontal sites with and without clinical attachment loss (CAL). Five patients with rapidly progressing periodontitis and one with juvenile periodontitis were investigated. Each patient presented at least one site with and without CAL. Ten sites with CAL and nine without any CAL were biopsied, followed by the immunohistochemical identification of the CD26 receptor using the MIB-DS2/7 antibody. The results demonstrated that the percentage of positive cells for this antigen in the periodontal sites with CAL was not significantly different from those without attachment loss. Therefore, Th1 cell impairment may not be directly involved with periodontal attachment loss.
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Dunderdale, Nicky. "How the employee benefits market is going digital." Strategic HR Review 17, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-12-2017-0084.

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Purpose Nicky Dunderdale, Director of Digital at Psyon, says there is a growing industry demand for intuitive, digital solutions to drive change and transformation in employee benefits to improve the management and communication of employee benefits – a demand that is set to accelerate. Design/methodology/approach In her paper, Nicky examines the following: Why is technology required for employee benefits? What can be done to improve engagement with employees? How can companies use data to deliver more tailored benefit packages to their employees and make the most of their benefit spend? How are companies measuring ROI on their technology investment? Findings In the words of David D’Souza, Head of Engagement at the CIPD, “The credibility of HR in the future will depend upon its ability to utilise traditional skills in combination with tech capability to deliver enhanced performance. There is no longer an opt out of the technology conversation”. Originality/value This paper is an essential reading for HR professionals and employers looking to use their reward and employee benefits strategies to recruit and retain the best talent.
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Martín, Victoria, Miguel A. Rodríguez-Gabriel, W. Hayes McDonald, Stephen Watt, John R. Yates, Jürg Bähler, and Paul Russell. "Cip1 and Cip2 Are Novel RNA-Recognition-Motif Proteins That Counteract Csx1 Function during Oxidative Stress." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 3 (March 2006): 1176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-09-0847.

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Eukaryotic cells reprogram their global patterns of gene expression in response to stress. Recent studies in Schizosaccharomyces pombe showed that the RNA-binding protein Csx1 plays a central role in controlling gene expression during oxidative stress. It does so by stabilizing atf1+ mRNA, which encodes a subunit of a bZIP transcription factor required for gene expression during oxidative stress. Here, we describe two related proteins, Cip1 and Cip2, that were identified by multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT) as proteins that coprecipitate with Csx1. Cip1 and Cip2 are cytoplasmic proteins that have RNA recognition motifs (RRMs). Neither protein is essential for viability, but a cip1Δ cip2Δ strain grows poorly and has altered cellular morphology. Genetic epistasis studies and whole genome expression profiling show that Cip1 and Cip2 exert posttranscriptional control of gene expression in a manner that is counteracted by Csx1. Notably, the sensitivity of csx1Δ cells to oxidative stress and their inability to induce expression of Atf1-dependent genes are partially rescued by cip1Δ and cip2Δ mutations. This study emphasizes the importance of a modulated mRNA stability in the eukaryotic stress response pathways and adds new information to the role of RNA-binding proteins in the oxidative stress response.
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Shanklin, John, Natalie D. DeWitt, and John M. Flanagan. "The Stroma of Higher Plant Plastids Contain CIpP and CIpC, Functional Homologs of Escherichia coli CIpP and CIpA: An Archetypal Two-Component ATP-Dependent Protease." Plant Cell 7, no. 10 (October 1995): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3870032.

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Viveros-Vigoya, Mara, and Franklin Gil Hernández. "¿Educadores, orientadores, terapeutas? Juventud, sexualidad e intervención social." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, no. 1 (January 2006): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000100022.

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Los programas de salud sexual y reproductiva dirigidos a jóvenes tienen una historia reciente, relacionada con las políticas internacionales, especialmente la CIPD de El Cairo, que en 1994 recomendó servicios específicos para adolescentes y propuso reducir sustancialmente los embarazos en este grupo social. Esta focalización es una oportunidad para considerar a los jóvenes como ciudadanos con derechos, o también como nuevos clientes con consumos específicos en salud. En este artículo analizamos cómo se expresa este conflicto en los programas de salud sexual y reproductiva, y los límites y alcances del papel mediador que desempeñan los funcionarios que realizan intervenciones en salud, especialmente cuando entran en relación con otros agentes de socialización (padres y madres, educadores, etc.) de los y las adolescentes, pero también con el sistema público de salud. En este campo identificamos las perspectivas predominantes de intervención social que buscan dirigir y estructurar el posible campo de acción de las y los jóvenes en materia sexual. Estas perspectivas hacen énfasis en las responsabilidades individuales en relación con el autocuidado y se articulan muy bien con el modelo vigente de salud, fundado en la racionalidad del mercado.
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Villela, Wilza Vieira, Redy Wilson Lima, and Cláudia Fernandes de Brito. "O Programa Nacional de Saúde Reprodutiva de Cabo Verde: alcances, limites e desafios." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 23, no. 11 (November 2018): 3631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320182311.32852016.

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Resumo Cabo Verde é um arquipélago do continente africano, com cerca de 538.535 habitantes. Desde sua independencia, em 1975, o país tem experimentado um rápido crescimento econômico e social, com ganhos significativos em escolarização, redução dos óbitos maternos e da mortalidade infantil. Em 2001, seguindo as diretrizes da Conferencia Internacional de População e Desenvolvimento (CIPD, Cairo, 1994), foi lançado o Programa Nacional de Saúde Reprodutiva, PNSR, visando incluir ações de saúde sexual e reprodutiva, SSR, para adolescentes, jovens e homens adultos, em parceria com o setor de educação e centros de juventude. Entretanto, a persistência da gravidez não planejada, do aborto clandestino e da infecção pelo HIV indicam lacunas na sua implementação. Estudos realizados no país apontam razões socioculturais e no âmbito da organização e oferta de serviços para os problemas identificados. Este trabalho tem como finalidade refletir sobre os alcance e limites do PNSR de Cabo Verde, considerando os desafios de implementação de políticas de saúde que afetam práticas culturais relativas ao gênero e a sexualidade; as especificidades demográficas, socioeconômicas e culturais de Cabo Verde e ainda a importancia da SSR para o desenvolvimento.
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Wall, Tony. "A manifesto for higher education, skills and work-based learning." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 7, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-06-2017-0036.

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Purpose This paper is prompted by recent professional and political events and specifically the politically oriented “Manifesto for Work” recently published by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD). The purpose of this paper is to propose a manifesto for the broad professional sphere of higher education, skills and work-based learning. Design/methodology/approach This paper utilises a unique form of political ideology critique, applied to the CIPD’s manifesto for work, to propose alternative directions for practice, research and policy. Findings This paper highlights four key areas which need further research and development in the area of higher education, skills and work-based learning. These are discussed in relation to: overhauling corporate governance; inclusive workplaces, flexible working and disadvantaged groups; investment in skills, lifelong learning and well-being; and re-balancing working practices and rights. Research limitations/implications This paper highlights areas for further research in the broad professional area of higher education, skills and work-based learning. Originality/value This paper is a unique, time-bound political respond to the current political landscape, and is the first to propose a manifesto for the professional sphere of higher education, skills and work-based learning.
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Zheltoukhova, Ksenia. "Leadership in organizational practice: closing the knowing-doing gap." Strategic HR Review 13, no. 2 (February 4, 2014): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-10-2013-0093.

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Purpose – This article aims to question the narrow focus of the existing approaches to leadership development, and guide organizations to a more systemic perspective. Design/methodology/approach – The findings are based on the review of academic literature on the subjects of leadership and management, as well as surveys of 2,069 UK employees (including 806 individuals with managerial responsibilities), 467 HR professionals from the CIPD membership database, 128 senior HR professionals, and 250 senior decision-makers. Findings – Although most organizations today provide leadership development activities to their employees, the focus of those activities, and the lack of enabling organizational systems and processes, may inhibit leader behaviors in practice, potentially explaining the lack of leadership and management skills in UK organizations. Practical implications – In developing a leadership development strategy that is aligned with business priorities, organizations should consider which segments of the workforce can add value by demonstrating leader behaviors, which aspects of organizational context might act as enablers or barriers to individuals demonstrating those behaviors, and which incentives are in place to stimulate leader behaviors. Originality/value – The argument steps away from discussing the construct of “leadership”, assuming that its definitions will vary among organizations, and emphasizes the context in which leaders operate and HR practices as having impact on the effectiveness of leaders.
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Mylona, Smaro. "Human Resource Management for MBA Students20091Ian Henderson. Human Resource Management for MBA Students. London: CIPD 2008. 53 pp £36.99 (paperback), ISBN: 9781843981473." Journal of European Industrial Training 33, no. 1 (January 23, 2009): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090590910925099.

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Yap, Robin. "Learning and Talent Development20112Jim Stewart and Clare Rigg. Learning and Talent Development. London: CIPD 2011. 378 pages £36.54 ($59.65), paperback, ISBN: 9781843982500." Journal of European Industrial Training 35, no. 8 (September 27, 2011): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090591111168375.

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Whitfield, Ruth. "The E‐learning Revolution20021Martyn Sloman. The E‐learning Revolution. London: CIPD March 2001. Paperback 208 pp., ISBN: ISBN 1‐ 0852928734 Price £25.99." Industrial and Commercial Training 34, no. 7 (December 2002): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict.2002.34.7.290.1.

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Urso-Guimarães, Maria Virginia. "A new species of Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) and a key to separate species of the genus associated with Asteraceae from Neotropical region." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 58 (November 6, 2018): e20185853. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.53.

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A new species, Asphondylia cipo sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) causing stem and petiole galls on Lessingianthus warmingianus (Baker) H. Rob. (Asteraceae) is described and illustrated from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. A key is provided to separate species of this genus associated with host plants in the Asteraceae family from the Neotropical region.
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McCartney, Claire. "Fighting back through talent innovation." Human Resource Management International Digest 18, no. 3 (June 8, 2010): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09670731011040326.

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PurposeEarly last year, the CIPD released survey findings exploring how talent management strategies are being affected by the current uncertain economic backdrop and how important talent management is to organizations when things get tough. The reason for surveying on this topic was not to further contribute to the negativity awash in the media, but rather to focus on some of the positive measures that organizations can take in response to the economic challenges.Design/methodology/approachThis research pulls together the experiences of ten diverse organizations (including International Personal Finance, BT, Tesco, the National Leadership and Innovation Agency for Healthcare, Gala Coral Group, Stanza, NPIA, National Express, Standard Chartered and the Borough of Tower Hamlets).FindingsAlthough the current economic climate has heightened the focus on short‐term business critical needs there is a strong recognition by all of the organizations featured, that short and longer term perspectives need to be carefully balanced. What's more organizations need to develop a sustainable approach to talent management which by its very nature, should be focused on developing the current but also the future talent and capability of the organization.Originality/valueThis second phase of research once again validates the messages from the “War on Talent”, namely that talent management becomes more not less important in a downturn. All of the organizations included in this research recognise the importance of talent management at this time more than ever in enabling them to meet both their immediate and longer‐term business critical needs.
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Bhattacharyya, Dhiman, Pranesh Muralidhar, and Mark Conrad. "Removal of Bull’s Eye Signature by Optimizing Wet Cleans Recipe." Solid State Phenomena 255 (September 2016): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.168.

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As the semiconductor device technology is moving toward increasingly smaller nodes, it is becoming more challenging to keep the wafers free from contamination of even smaller particles. Wet cleaning process takes a major role in keeping the wafers clean, especially in post-RIE cleans. However, as every other process, wet cleaning also contributes some defects as adders which can potentially cause significant yield killer defects. A cluster of defects, classified as incomplete etch, was observed at the center of the wafer with a wet clean recipe (CIP1) since the adders from this recipe were not allowing the etch process and rendering incomplete etch defects. In this work, we optimized this CIP1 recipe to eliminate defects with the bull’s eye signature at the wafer center and widened the process window of this type of wet cleaning process. The new recipe (CIP2) showed 100% success rate while CIP1 recipe had an occurrence of 35% failure for the bull’s eye signature on the similar quality and quantity of wafers.
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Costa, Lílian Mariana, Guilherme Henrique Silva de Freitas, Pedro Henrique Vieira Braga Pereira da Silva, Leonardo Cotta Ribeiro, Marcelo Ferreira de Vasconcelos, and Marcos Rodrigues. "Breeding biology of the Cipo Cinclodes Cinclodes espinhacensis, a micro-endemic furnariid of the southeastern Brazilian mountains." Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 27, no. 2 (June 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03544450.

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AbstractThe Cipo Cinclodes Cinclodes espinhacensis is a recently described furnariid endemic to the campos rupestres of Serra do Cipó, southern Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil. It is an “Endangered” species and its natural history is poorly known. We studied the Cipo Cinclodes breeding biology at Serra do Breu, where we found six nests on rock outcrops in 2009 and 2012. At least one nest was reused in different years. Breeding season was from September (nest building) to January (dependent juveniles). Nests were shallow cups or beds placed in chambers at the end of earthen and/or rocky tunnels or crevices on rock outcrops. Clutch size was 2–3 eggs. It exhibited biparental care during all nest stages. We demonstrated that the nesting habits of Cipo Cinclodes agree with those reported for other species of the genus, although some details differ from what is known for the closely related species, the Long-tailed Cinclodes Cinclodes pabsti.
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Aspilcueta Gho, Daniel, and Irma Ramos Chavez. "Proceso de aprobación e implementación de la “Guía Técnica Nacional para la Estandarización del Procedimiento de la Atención Integral de la Gestante en la Interrupción Voluntaria por Indicación Terapéutica del Embarazo menor de 22 Semanas con Consentimie." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 76, no. 4 (January 9, 2016): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v76i4.11410.

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En el Código Penal Peruano el aborto por razones médicas no está penalizado, desde 1924. Esta norma no ha sido aplicada por carecer de una Guía Clínica o de un Reglamento que la regule. Las condiciones básicas son: que sea practicado por un médico, cuando es el único medio para salvar la vida de la gestante o evitar en su salud un mal grave y permanente, y que exista consentimiento de la mujer o de su representante. Existe una serie de documentos que el Perú ha suscrito en materia de derechos humanos y que comprometen la implementación de servicios de aborto legal, tales como la Convención sobre la Eliminación de todas las Formas de Discriminación contra la Mujer – CEDAW, Programa de Acción de Conferencia del Cairo (CIPD), Conferencia sobre la Mujer Beijing. El MINSA aprobó la “Guía Técnica Nacional para la Estandarización del Procedimiento de la Atención Integral de la Gestante en la Interrupción Voluntaria por Indicación Terapéutica del Embarazo menor de 22 Semanas con Consentimiento Informado en el marco de lo dispuesto en el Artículo 119° del Código Penal”, publicada el 28 de junio del 2014. Proporcionar servicios de aborto en el sistema público es un reto; muchos hospitales están sobrecargados y tienen limitaciones para hacer que estos servicios estén disponibles; se requiere adecuada capacitación al personal, insumos, equipos necesarios y la voluntad. Los retos son: sensibilizar y reconocer la mujer como ciudadana con derechos, amplia difusión en establecimientos y servicios de salud, capacitación para asegurar un consentimiento informado, y calidad en el procedimiento con apropiado uso de AMEU y misoprostol.
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Bishop, Piers. "Reducing the cost of mental health problems at work – what can companies do?" Human Resource Management International Digest 24, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-01-2016-0002.

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Purpose The number of companies reporting mental health problems among staff is increasing. The author argues that initiatives to help staff cope with these difficulties are too late and that it is the duty of organizations to develop a workplace culture and environment where people can be motivated but calm and that other benefits will also flow from this. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports findings from the CIPD, HSE and NHS as background to a discussion of how auditing unmet human needs might be expected to improve mental health at work. Findings The paper suggests that a relatively simple and inexpensive approach could change the landscape of human emotion at work and that the process would embed a new culture of understanding and coaching in management. Research limitations/implications The conclusions would not necessarily extend to repetitive manufacturing processes and implementation would be difficult in organizations wedded to early twentieth century “scientific” management principles. Practical implications The paper has implications for organizations operating in the “knowledge” economy where the management has an interest in developing and retaining a happy and energized staff. Social implications The paper has implications for people whose lives are affected by stress generated by the working environment and culture. Originality/value This paper fits two identified needs: to suggest better ways of supporting staff who might develop mental health problems at work and to suggest a framework that will fill the gap left by the approaching demise of the annual review or appraisal process.
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Wang, Yang, Ralf Heermann, and Kirsten Jung. "CipA and CipB as Scaffolds To Organize Proteins into Crystalline Inclusions." ACS Synthetic Biology 6, no. 5 (February 10, 2017): 826–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssynbio.6b00323.

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Ramskov, Daniel, Sten Rasmussen, Henrik Sørensen, Erik Thorlund Parner, Martin Lind, and Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen. "Run Clever – No difference in risk of injury when comparing progression in running volume and running intensity in recreational runners: A randomised trial." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 4, no. 1 (February 2018): e000333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000333.

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Background/aimThe Run Clever trial investigated if there was a difference in injury occurrence across two running schedules, focusing on progression in volume of running intensity (Sch-I) or in total running volume (Sch-V). It was hypothesised that 15% more runners with a focus on progression in volume of running intensity would sustain an injury compared with runners with a focus on progression in total running volume.MethodsHealthy recreational runners were included and randomly allocated to Sch-I or Sch-V. In the first eight weeks of the 24-week follow-up, all participants (n=839) followed the same running schedule (preconditioning). Participants (n=447) not censored during the first eight weeks entered the 16-week training period with a focus on either progression in intensity (Sch-I) or volume (Sch-V). A global positioning system collected all data on running. During running, all participants received real-time, individualised feedback on running intensity and running volume. The primary outcome was running-related injury (RRI).ResultsAfter preconditioning a total of 80 runners sustained an RRI (Sch-I n=36/Sch-V n=44). The cumulative incidence proportion (CIP) in Sch-V (reference group) were CIP2 weeks4.6%; CIP4 weeks8.2%; CIP8 weeks13.2%; CIP16 weeks28.0%. The risk differences (RD) and 95% CI between the two schedules were RD2 weeks=2.9%(−5.7% to 11.6%); RD4 weeks=1.8%(−9.1% to 12.8%); RD8 weeks=−4.7%(−17.5% to 8.1%); RD16 weeks=−14.0% (−36.9% to 8.9%).ConclusionA similar proportion of runners sustained injuries in the two running schedules.
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CARMO, JOÃO A. M., VIVIANE R. SCALON, MARIA F. CALIÓ, and ANDRÉ O. SIMÕES. "Lectotypification of Psyllocarpus schwackei (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae)." Phytotaxa 329, no. 2 (November 28, 2017): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.2.10.

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Psyllocarpus schwackei was described by Schumann (1898: 18), for which he cited a single collection, “in Brasiliae civitate Minas Geraes, locis arenosis in Serra do Cipo: Schwacke n, 8089, floret Aprili”. In a taxonomic revision of the genus, Kirkbride (1979) stated that the material studied by Schumann at the Botanical Museum in Berlin had been destroyed during the Second World War (Hiepko 1987), and that he was unable to locate any duplicates of this collection. He consulted a photograph of the specimen available in the Field Museum of Natural History type photograph series, negative number 896. Therefore, based upon the original description of the species, the photograph he analysed, and his experience at the type locality, the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais state, Kirkbride (1979) selected as neotype the collection “Serra do Cipó, elev. ca. 1125 m, Anderson et al. 36254 (neotype US; isoneotypes NY, UB)”.
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Robson, Fiona. "Research Methods in Human Resource Management (2nd ed.)20102V. Anderson. Research Methods in Human Resource Management (2nd ed.). London: CIPD 2009. 385 pp., ISBN: 978‐1‐84398‐227‐2." Personnel Review 39, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483481011007922.

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47

Weinberg, Michael V., Gerrit J. Schut, Scott Brehm, Susmita Datta, and Michael W. W. Adams. "Cold Shock of a Hyperthermophilic Archaeon: Pyrococcus furiosus Exhibits Multiple Responses to a Suboptimal Growth Temperature with a Key Role for Membrane-Bound Glycoproteins." Journal of Bacteriology 187, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 336–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.187.1.336-348.2005.

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ABSTRACT The hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, was grown on maltose near its optimal growth temperature, 95°C, and at the lower end of the temperature range for significant growth, 72°C. In addition, cultures were shocked by rapidly dropping the temperature from 95 to 72°C. This resulted in a 5-h lag phase, during which time little growth occurred. Transcriptional analyses using whole-genome DNA microarrays representing 2,065 open reading frames (ORFs) in the P. furiosus genome showed that cells undergo three very different responses at 72°C: an early shock (1 to 2 h), a late shock (5 h), and an adapted response (occurring after many generations at 72°C). Each response involved the up-regulation in the expression of more than 30 ORFs unique to that response. These included proteins involved in translation, solute transport, amino acid biosynthesis, and tungsten and intermediary carbon metabolism, as well as numerous conserved-hypothetical and/or membrane-associated proteins. Two major membrane proteins were evident after one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel analysis of cold-adapted cells, and staining revealed them to be glycoproteins. Their cold-induced expression evident from the DNA microarray analysis was confirmed by quantitative PCR. Termed CipA (PF0190) and CipB (PF1408), both appear to be solute-binding proteins. While the archaea do not contain members of the bacterial cold shock protein (Csp) family, they all contain homologs of CipA and CipB. These proteins are also related phylogenetically to some cold-responsive genes recently identified in certain bacteria. The Cip proteins may represent a general prokaryotic-type cold response mechanism that is present even in hyperthermophilic archaea.
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Perret, S., L. Casalot, H. P. Fierobe, C. Tardif, F. Sabathe, J. P. Belaich, and A. Belaich. "Production of Heterologous and Chimeric Scaffoldins by Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.1.253-257.2004.

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ABSTRACT Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 converts sugars and various polysaccharides into acids and solvents. This bacterium, however, is unable to utilize cellulosic substrates, since it is able to secrete very small amounts of cellulosomes. To promote the utilization of crystalline cellulose, the strategy we chose aims at producing heterologous minicellulosomes, containing two different cellulases bound to a miniscaffoldin, in C. acetobutylicum. A first step toward this goal describes the production of miniCipC1, a truncated form of CipC from Clostridium cellulolyticum, and the hybrid scaffoldin Scaf 3, which bears an additional cohesin domain derived from CipA from Clostridium thermocellum. Both proteins were correctly matured and secreted in the medium, and their various domains were found to be functional.
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Kravchuk, Oksana, Iryna Varis, and Tetyana Bidna. "Demand of HR-competency in Ukraine: changes and challenges at the labor market under pandemic COVID-19." Social and labour relations: theory and practice 11, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/slrtp.11(1).2021.02.

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The experience of the last year of business operation has highlighted the need to find new ways and approaches to managing people, through the crisis caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. New socio-economic reality, digitalization and socialization are transforming the people management processes of, which, in turn, changes the modern requirements for HR competencies. The article’s purpose is to form a model of personnel manager competencies by clusters of general and professional competencies based on the implementation of best international experience in forming and developing HR competencies models and considering demand trends in the Ukrainian labor market in the segment «HR Management» in modern realities. To produce results, the following methods were used: abstract-logical to generalize the scientific literature; monographic and analogies to summarize the international experience of forming HR-competencies models; empirical for the analysis of trends in the formation of demand for HR-competencies in the Ukrainian labor market; modeling to develop a modern HR competencies model for Ukraine; generalizations to draw conclusions. The generalization of the current state of scientific research and international experience in modeling HR-competencies allowed to structure the current HR-competencies of SHRM, HRCI, CIPD and to develop proposals for their implementation in Ukrainian HR-practice. The analysis of the demand for HR-competence in Ukraine allowed to select the most popular of them by general, managerial, and special clusters; to identify the frequency of demand for HR-competences and calculate their weight level. On this basis, the structure of demand in the labor market of Ukraine in the segment of «HR-Management» was generalized. The influence of changes and challenges of the organization’s activity during the pandemic COVID-19 on the transformation of the roles of people management and the current HR competencies model in Ukraine is substantiated. Prospective directions of using the model for professional standard development, educational services improvement, and development of the national system of HR-certification for making better the quality and performance of the human resource management function in Ukraine are proposed.
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Ding, Shi-You, Edward A. Bayer, David Steiner, Yuval Shoham, and Raphael Lamed. "A Novel Cellulosomal Scaffoldin fromAcetivibrio cellulolyticus That Contains a Family 9 Glycosyl Hydrolase." Journal of Bacteriology 181, no. 21 (November 1, 1999): 6720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.181.21.6720-6729.1999.

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ABSTRACT A novel cellulosomal scaffoldin gene, termed cipV, was identified and sequenced from the mesophilic cellulolytic anaerobeAcetivibrio cellulolyticus. Initial identification of the protein was based on a combination of properties, including its high molecular weight, cellulose-binding activity, glycoprotein nature, and immuno-cross-reactivity with the cellulosomal scaffoldin ofClostridium thermocellum. The cipV gene is 5,748 bp in length and encodes a 1,915-residue polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 199,496. CipV contains an N-terminal signal peptide, seven type I cohesin domains, an internal family III cellulose-binding domain (CBD), and an X2 module of unknown function in tandem with a type II dockerin domain at the C terminus. Surprisingly, CipV also possesses at its N terminus a catalytic module that belongs to the family 9 glycosyl hydrolases. Sequence analysis indicated the following. (i) The repeating cohesin domains are very similar to each other, ranging between 70 and 90% identity, and they also have about 30 to 40% homology with each of the other known type I scaffoldin cohesins. (ii) The internal CBD belongs to family III but differs from other known scaffoldin CBDs by the omission of a 9-residue stretch that constitutes a characteristic loop previously associated with the scaffoldins. (iii) The C-terminal type II dockerin domain is only the second such domain to have been discovered; its predicted “recognition codes” differ from those proposed for the other known dockerins. The putative calcium-binding loop includes an unusual insert, lacking in all the known type I and type II dockerins. (iv) The X2 module has about 60% sequence homology with that of C. thermocellum and appears at the same position in the scaffoldin. (v) Unlike the other known family 9 catalytic modules of bacterial origin, the CipV catalytic module is not accompanied by a flanking helper module, e.g., an adjacent family IIIc CBD or an immunoglobulin-like domain. Comparative sequence analysis of the CipV functional modules with those of the previously sequenced scaffoldins provides new insight into the structural arrangement and phylogeny of this intriguing family of microbial proteins. The modular organization of CipV is reminiscent of that of the CipA scaffoldin from C. thermocellum as opposed to the known scaffoldins from the mesophilic clostridia. The phylogenetic relationship of the different functional modules appears to indicate that the evolution of the scaffoldins reflects a collection of independent events and mechanisms whereby individual modules and other constituents are incorporated into the scaffoldin gene from different microbial sources.
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