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Journal articles on the topic 'Circadian variations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Eckerbom, Per, Peter Hansell, Eleanor Cox, et al. "Circadian variation in renal blood flow and kidney function in healthy volunteers monitored with noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 319, no. 6 (2020): F966—F978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2020.

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Circadian regulation of kidney function is involved in maintaining whole body homeostasis, and dysfunctional circadian rhythm can potentially be involved in disease development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides reliable and reproducible repetitive estimates of kidney function noninvasively without the risk of adverse events associated with contrast agents and ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to estimate circadian variations in kidney function in healthy human subjects with MRI and to relate the findings to urinary excretions of electrolytes and markers of kidney funct

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2

Becker, R. C., and J. M. Corrao. "Circadian variations in cardiovascular disease." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 56, no. 7 (1989): 676–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.56.7.676.

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3

Pepine, Carl J. "Circadian Variations in Myocardial Ischemia." JAMA 265, no. 3 (1991): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.03460030092036.

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4

Hassler, Christopher, and Michel Burnier. "Circadian Variations in Blood Pressure." American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs 5, no. 1 (2005): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00129784-200505010-00002.

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5

Dzogang, Fabon, Stafford Lightman, and Nello Cristianini. "Circadian mood variations in Twitter content." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 1 (January 1, 2017): 239821281774450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2398212817744501.

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Background: Circadian regulation of sleep, cognition, and metabolic state is driven by a central clock, which is in turn entrained by environmental signals. Understanding the circadian regulation of mood, which is vital for coping with day-to-day needs, requires large datasets and has classically utilised subjective reporting. Methods: In this study, we use a massive dataset of over 800 million Twitter messages collected over 4 years in the United Kingdom. We extract robust signals of the changes that happened during the course of the day in the collective expression of emotions and fatigue. W

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6

Foley, Lauren E., and Patrick Emery. "Drosophila Cryptochrome: Variations in Blue." Journal of Biological Rhythms 35, no. 1 (2019): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730419878290.

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CRYPTOCHROMES (CRYs) are structurally related to ultraviolet (UV)/blue-sensitive DNA repair enzymes called photolyases but lack the ability to repair pyrimidine dimers generated by UV exposure. First identified in plants, CRYs have proven to be involved in light detection and various light-dependent processes in a broad range of organisms. In Drosophila, CRY’s best understood role is the cell-autonomous synchronization of circadian clocks. However, CRY also contributes to the amplitude of circadian oscillations in a light-independent manner, controls arousal and UV avoidance, influences visual

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7

Dijk, Derk-Jan, and Steven W. Lockley. "Invited Review: Integration of human sleep-wake regulation and circadian rhythmicity." Journal of Applied Physiology 92, no. 2 (2002): 852–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00924.2001.

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The human sleep-wake cycle is generated by a circadian process, originating from the suprachiasmatic nuclei, in interaction with a separate oscillatory process: the sleep homeostat. The sleep-wake cycle is normally timed to occur at a specific phase relative to the external cycle of light-dark exposure. It is also timed at a specific phase relative to internal circadian rhythms, such as the pineal melatonin rhythm, the circadian sleep-wake propensity rhythm, and the rhythm of responsiveness of the circadian pacemaker to light. Variations in these internal and external phase relationships, such

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8

Gombert, Marie, Joaquín Carrasco-Luna, Gonzalo Pin-Arboledas, and Pilar Codoñer-Franch. "Circadian Rhythm Variations and Nutrition in Children." Journal of Child Science 08, no. 01 (2018): e60-e66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1670667.

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AbstractCircadian rhythms are the changes in biological processes that occur on a daily basis. Among these processes are reactions involved in metabolic homeostasis. Circadian rhythms are structured by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus via the control of melatonin expression. Circadian rhythms are also controlled by the peripheral clocks, which are intracellular mechanisms composed of the clock genes, whose expression follows a circadian pattern. Circadian rhythms are impacted by signals from the environment called zeitgebers, or time givers, which include li

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9

Spencer, Frederick A., and Richard C. Becker. "Circadian variations in acute myocardial infarction." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 41, no. 12 (2003): 2143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00462-5.

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10

D'Hondt, Lionel, Christina McAuliffe, Jeffrey Damon, et al. "Circadian variations of bone marrow engraftability." Journal of Cellular Physiology 200, no. 1 (2004): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20032.

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11

Kluft, C., and F. Andreotti. "Normal circadian variations in fibrinolysis variables." Fibrinolysis 4 (January 1990): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0268-9499(90)90139-b.

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12

Sandrini, Giorgio, Enrico Alfonsi, Giorgio Bono, Fabio Facchinetti, Lorenza Montalbetti, and Giuseppe Nappi. "Circadian variations of human flexion reflex." Pain 25, no. 3 (1986): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(86)90245-9.

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13

Corino, Valentina D. A., Pyotr G. Platonov, Steve Enger, Arnljot Tveit, and Sara R. Ulimoen. "Circadian variation of variability and irregularity of heart rate in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation: relation to symptoms and rate control drugs." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309, no. 12 (2015): H2152—H2157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00300.2015.

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate diurnal variations of the variability and irregularity of heart rate (HR) in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without rate control drugs. Thirty-eight patients with permanent AF were part of an investigator-blind crossover study comparing diltiazem, verapamil, metoprolol, and carvedilol. We analyzed five Holter recordings per patient: at baseline (no rate control drug) and with each of the four drug regimens. HR, variability (SD; percentages of interval differences of successive RR intervals of >20, 50, and 80 ms; and roo

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14

Resco de Dios, Víctor, William R. L. Anderegg, Ximeng Li, et al. "Circadian Regulation Does Not Optimize Stomatal Behaviour." Plants 9, no. 9 (2020): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091091.

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The circadian clock is a molecular timer of metabolism that affects the diurnal pattern of stomatal conductance (gs), amongst other processes, in a broad array of plant species. The function of circadian gs regulation remains unknown and here, we test whether circadian regulation helps to optimize diurnal variations in stomatal conductance. We subjected bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) canopies to fixed, continuous environmental conditions of photosynthetically active radiation, temperature, and vapour pressure deficit (free-running conditions) over 48 h. We modelled g

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15

Fukudome, Y., I. Abe, Y. Saku, et al. "Circadian blood pressure in patients in a persistent vegetative state." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 270, no. 5 (1996): R1109—R1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1996.270.5.r1109.

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We examined circadian variations in blood pressure, pulse rate, and other physiological variables, including hormone levels, in 16 patients in a persistent vegetative state (mean age -/+ SE; 66.1 -+/ 3.9 yr). Cerebrovascular accident was responsible for brain damage in 12 (75%) of the 16 patients. Blood pressure was measured for 24 h with an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device. We monitored the temperature of the urinary bladder and measured urinary excretion of epinephrine, norepinephrine, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, water, and sodium. When data were analyzed by analysis of variance, s

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16

Roti, Elio, Luigi Bartalena, Roberta Minelli, et al. "Circadian thyrotropin variations are preserved in normal pregnant women." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 1 (1995): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330071.

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Roti E, Bartalena L, Minelli R, Salvi M, Gardini E, Pistolesi A, Martino E, Braverman LE. Circadian thyrotropin variations are preserved in normal pregnant women. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:71–4. ISSN 0804–4643 Serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration circadian rhythm is abolished in many endocrine and nonendocrine diseases. In the present study we have measured serum TSH concentration over 24 h every 2 h in second and third trimester pregnant women. During the 24-h period, serum free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine concentrations did not change significantly. In contrast, serum TSH concentrat

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17

Rammsayer, Thomas, and Petra Netter. "On Circadian Variations in Discrimination of Duration." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 2 (1989): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.2.618.

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18

WENDLING, PATRICE. "Value of Circadian Blood Pressure Variations Confirmed." Family Practice News 37, no. 17 (2007): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(07)71057-5.

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19

Chandler, Wayne L., and Swee-Chin Loo. "Lipoprotein(a) Does Not Show Circadian Variations." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 63, no. 01 (1990): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1645710.

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20

Usvyat, L. A., P. Kotanko, F. M. van der Sande, et al. "Circadian variations in body temperature during dialysis." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 27, no. 3 (2011): 1139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfr395.

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21

Spieker, C., M. Barenbrock, K. H. Rahn, and W. Zidek. "Circadian Blood Pressure Variations in Endocrine Disorders." Blood Pressure 2, no. 1 (1993): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08037059309077524.

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22

Weber, Thomas, Siegfried Wasserheurer, Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss, et al. "P22 CIRCADIAN VARIATIONS IN THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM." Artery Research 20, no. C (2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artres.2017.10.163.

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23

Shurtleff, David, Thomas G. Raslear, and Larry Simmons. "Circadian variations in time perception in rats." Physiology & Behavior 47, no. 5 (1990): 931–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(90)90021-u.

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24

Coiffard, Benjamin, Aïssatou Bailo Diallo, Soraya Mezouar, Marc Leone, and Jean-Louis Mege. "A Tangled Threesome: Circadian Rhythm, Body Temperature Variations, and the Immune System." Biology 10, no. 1 (2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10010065.

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The circadian rhythm of the body temperature (CRBT) is a marker of the central biological clock that results from multiple complex biological processes. In mammals, including humans, the body temperature displays a strict circadian rhythm and has to be maintained within a narrow range to allow optimal physiological functions. There is nowadays growing evidence on the role of the temperature circadian rhythm on the expression of the molecular clock. The CRBT likely participates in the phase coordination of circadian timekeepers in peripheral tissues, thus guaranteeing the proper functioning of

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25

Sukumaran, Siddharth, Bai Xue, William J. Jusko, Debra C. DuBois, and Richard R. Almon. "Circadian variations in gene expression in rat abdominal adipose tissue and relationship to physiology." Physiological Genomics 42A, no. 2 (2010): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00106.2010.

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Circadian rhythms occur in all levels of organization from expression of genes to complex physiological processes. Although much is known about the mechanism of the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the regulation of clocks present in peripheral tissues as well as the genes regulated by those clocks is still unclear. In this study, the circadian regulation of gene expression was examined in rat adipose tissue. A rich time series involving 54 animals euthanized at 18 time points within the 24-h cycle (12:12 h light-dark) was performed. mRNA expression was examined with Affymetrix ge

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26

Chebat, Jean-Charles, Laurette Dubé, and Marie Marquis. "Individual Differences in Circadian Variations of Consumers' Emotional State." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (1997): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.1075.

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A laboratory study investigated the effect of circadian orientation on consumers' emotional state at different times of day. Subjects' emotional state was measured using the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance scale in the morning and in the evening. Individual circadian orientation (morningness-eveningness) was also assessed. Analyses showed that changes in consumers' emotional state as a function of the time of the day is moderated by individual differences in circadian orientation. Morning-types were in a more pleasurable emotional state in the morning than in the evening. The predicted reversed pat

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27

SPIES, CORNELIA M., MAURIZIO CUTOLO, RAINER H. STRAUB, GERD-RÜDIGER BURMESTER, and FRANK BUTTGEREIT. "More Night Than Day — Circadian Rhythms in Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Ankylosing Spondylitis." Journal of Rheumatology 37, no. 5 (2010): 894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.091283.

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The circadian rhythm of symptoms in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases is well known. Circadian rhythms could be used to identify targets for time-adapted antiinflammatory therapies, which are administered prior to the flare of cytokine synthesis and inflammatory activity. In recent years, the diurnal variations in rheumatoid arthritis have been described precisely for pain, stiffness, and functional disability, as well as the underlying cyclic variations in hormone levels and cytokine concentrations. This review summarizes the current knowledge on circadian rhythms in other rheumatic

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28

Makino, Michiko, Chihiro Masaki, Kei Tomoeda, et al. "Circadian Variations of Salivary Stress Marker (Chromogranin A)." Prosthodontic Research & Practice 7, no. 2 (2008): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2186/prp.7.189.

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29

Kuchel, Otto. "A new potential contributor to circadian sympathetic variations." Journal of Hypertension 13, no. 5 (1995): 569–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-199505000-00016.

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30

ELLIOTT, W. "Cyclic and circadian variations in cardiovascular events*1." American Journal of Hypertension 14, no. 9 (2001): S291—S295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-7061(01)02174-4.

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31

Lee, T. M., M. S. Carmichael, and I. Zucker. "Circannual variations in circadian rhythms of ground squirrels." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 250, no. 5 (1986): R831—R836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1986.250.5.r831.

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There was a circannual rhythm in the times of activity onset (psi o) and activity termination (psi T) and in the duration of the active phase (alpha) in female ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis) maintained in a light-dark (LD) 14:10 photoperiod for 22 mo. Activity onset occurred 2.3 h after light onset in the 4 mo before estrus, 0.5 h before light onset during the month encompassing estrus, and progressively later during each of the ensuing 4 mo. Termination of activity occurred later during the month of estrus than in the 4 mo preceding estrus; alpha nearly doubled during the month of

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32

Pepine, C. J. "Circadian variations in myocardial ischemia. Implications for management." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 3 (1991): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.265.3.386.

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33

Nakagawa, Heisuke, and Hubert J. Ceccaldi. "Circadian variations of haemolymph lipoprotein of Palaemon serratus." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 13, no. 3 (1985): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(85)90047-x.

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34

Peckova, Monika, Carol E. Fahrenbruch, Leonard A. Cobb, and Alfred P. Hallstrom. "Circadian Variations in the Occurrence of Cardiac Arrests." Circulation 98, no. 1 (1998): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.98.1.31.

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35

CINCA, JUAN, ANGEL MOYA, ALFREDO BARDAJI, JORGE RIUS, and JORGE SOLER-SOLER. "Circadian Variations of Electrical Properties of the Heart." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 601, no. 1 Electrocardio (1990): 222–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb37303.x.

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36

Steg, Ph Gabriel, and Philippe Garot. "Circadian variations in outcome ofprimary percutaneous coronary intervention." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 42, no. 12 (2003): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.006.

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37

Ginanneschi, A., M. Marinoni, D. Inzitari, S. Piacentini, G. Marconi, and L. Amaducci. "Circadian blood pressure variations in Guillain-Barré syndrome." Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 43 (April 1993): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(93)90217-i.

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38

Stolz, G., J. C. Aschoff, J. Born, and J. Aschoff. "VEP, physiological and psychological circadian variations in humans." Journal of Neurology 235, no. 5 (1988): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00314180.

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39

Scales, W. E., A. J. Vander, M. B. Brown, and M. J. Kluger. "Human circadian rhythms in temperature, trace metals, and blood variables." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 4 (1988): 1840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.4.1840.

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The literature supports the concept that circadian changes in body temperature reflect changes in the thermoregulatory set point. We were interested in studying the relationship between the circadian rhythm in body temperature and 24-h variations in plasma concentrations of iron, zinc, circulating leukocyte counts, and plasma interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity. Eight healthy men were studied for two separate 48-h sessions. Rectal temperature, plasma iron and zinc concentrations, plasma IL-1 activity, circulating leukocyte counts, and several other blood variables were monitored. Circadian rhythms i

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40

Kelu, Jeffrey J., Tapan G. Pipalia, and Simon M. Hughes. "Circadian regulation of muscle growth independent of locomotor activity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 49 (2020): 31208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012450117.

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Muscle tissue shows diurnal variations in function, physiology, and metabolism. Whether such variations are dependent on the circadian clock per se or are secondary to circadian differences in physical activity and feeding pattern is unclear. By measuring muscle growth over 12-h periods in live prefeeding larval zebrafish, we show that muscle grows more during day than night. Expression of dominant negative CLOCK (ΔCLK), which inhibits molecular clock function, ablates circadian differences and reduces muscle growth. Inhibition of muscle contraction reduces growth in both day and night, but do

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41

Touitou, Y., C. Touitou, A. Bogdan, et al. "Differences between young and elderly subjects in seasonal and circadian variations of total plasma proteins and blood volume as reflected by hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte counts." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 5 (1986): 801–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.5.801.

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Abstract Circadian and seasonal rhythms in total plasma proteins were documented in healthy young men (around 24 years old), and in elderly subjects (both sexes), including senile-dementia patients in their eighties. The concentration of plasma proteins within a given group changed predictably (7-13%), depending on the hour of sampling and the season. Concentrations decreased noticeably around 04:00 h, then peaked around 08:00 h (shortly after waking). The 24-h mean concentrations of total plasma proteins were lower in the elderly groups than in the young men. But the seasonal variations of th

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42

Verschoore, Michele, Michel Poncet, Bernard Krebs, and Jean-Paul Ortonne. "Circadian Variations in the Number of Actively Secreting Sebaceous Follicles and Androgen Circadian Rhythms." Chronobiology International 10, no. 5 (1993): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420529309064489.

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43

Stephenson, Richard, Ravi M. Mohan, James Duffin, and Tim M. Jarsky. "Circadian rhythms in the chemoreflex control of breathing." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 1 (2000): R282—R286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.1.r282.

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Mechanisms underlying the circadian rhythm in lung ventilation were investigated. Ten healthy male subjects were studied for 36 h using a constant routine protocol to minimize potentially confounding variables. Laboratory light, humidity, and temperature remained constant, subjects did not sleep, and their meals and activities were held to a strict schedule. Respiratory chemoreflex responses were measured every 3 h using an iso-oxic rebreathing technique incorporating prior hyperventilation. Subjects exhibited circadian rhythms in oral temperature and respiratory chemoreflex responses, but not

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44

Farabi, Sarah S., David W. Carley, and Lauretta Quinn. "Glucose Variations and Activity Are Strongly Coupled in Sleep and Wake in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes." Biological Research For Nursing 19, no. 3 (2016): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800416685177.

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Background: Glucose variations are common throughout sleep and wakefulness in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The objective of this investigation was to characterize the time-varying coupling between glucose and unstructured physical activity over a 60-hr period in young adults with T1DM. The hypothesis was that coupling would differ during sleep versus wakefulness and would exhibit circadian variations. Method: Young adults with T1DM treated with an insulin pump participated in the study. Glucose variations were monitored with a continuous glucose monitoring system, and activity

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45

ELHERIK, Khalid, Faisel KHAN, Margaret MCLAREN, Gwen KENNEDY, and Jill J. F. BELCH. "Circadian variation in vascular tone and endothelial cell function in normal males." Clinical Science 102, no. 5 (2002): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs1020547.

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The existence of circadian rhythms in the time of onset of acute cardiovascular events has been described previously. This report describes the circadian variation in endothelial cell products, such as nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels, and endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation in normal males. Plasma ET-1 and NO were measured every 4h in nine subjects (20-41 years old) over a 24h period. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responses were measured in the forearm skin every 4h using laser Doppler imaging after iontophoresis of increasing doses of acetylc

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46

Rakshit, Kuntol, Jingyi Qian, Jason Ernst, and Aleksey V. Matveyenko. "Circadian variation of the pancreatic islet transcriptome." Physiological Genomics 48, no. 9 (2016): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00019.2016.

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Pancreatic islet failure is a characteristic feature of impaired glucose control in diabetes mellitus. Circadian control of islet function is essential for maintaining proper glucose homeostasis. Circadian variations in transcriptional pathways have been described in diverse cell types and shown to be critical for optimization of cellular function in vivo. In the current study, we utilized Short Time Series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis to identify diurnally expressed transcripts and biological pathways from mouse islets isolated at 4 h intervals throughout the 24 h light-dark cycle. STEM a

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47

Pan, Weihong, Germaine Cornélissen, Franz Halberg та Abba J. Kastin. "Selected Contribution: Circadian rhythm of tumor necrosis factor-α uptake into mouse spinal cord". Journal of Applied Physiology 92, № 3 (2002): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00915.2001.

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Circadian variations in the actions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have been observed. Because a saturable transport system at the blood-brain barrier mediates most of the influx of TNF-α from blood to the central nervous system (CNS), the circadian variation of the CNS effects of TNF-α could be related to changes in this transport system. Accordingly, we measured the uptake of intravenously injected TNF-α into various CNS regions at different times and compared these measurements with the uptake into a peripheral control (muscle). We found that the spinal cord, but not the brain, showed a

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48

Young, Martin E. "The circadian clock within the heart: potential influence on myocardial gene expression, metabolism, and function." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 290, no. 1 (2006): H1—H16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00582.2005.

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It is becoming increasingly clear that the intrinsic properties of both the heart and vasculature exhibit dramatic oscillations over the course of the day. Diurnal variations in the responsiveness of the cardiovascular system to environmental stimuli are mediated by a complex interplay between extracellular (i.e., neurohumoral factors) and intracellular (i.e., circadian clock) influences. The intracellular circadian clock is composed of a series of transcriptional modulators that together allow the cell to perceive the time of day, thereby enabling preparation for an anticipated stimulus. Thes

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49

Su, Dan, Anqi Song, Bin Yan, et al. "Circadian Blood Pressure Variations in Postmenopausal Females with Hypertension." International Heart Journal 59, no. 2 (2018): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1536/ihj.17-206.

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50

Bongrand, Pierre, Gilles Bouvenot, Robert Bartolin, J. Jeanne Tatossian, and Bernard Bruguerolle. "Are There Circadian Variations of Polymorphonuclear Phagocytosis in Man?" Chronobiology International 5, no. 1 (1988): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528809078554.

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