Academic literature on the topic 'Circovirus porcin'
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Journal articles on the topic "Circovirus porcin"
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Tarján, Zoltán, Judit Pénzes, Róza Tóth, and Mária Benkő. "First detection of circovirus-like sequences in amphibians and novel putative circoviruses in fishes." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.2013.061.
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The negative samples of a collection, established originally for seeking new adeno- and herpesviruses in lower vertebrates, were screened for the pres-ence of circoviruses by a consensus nested PCR targeting the gene coding for the replication-associated protein. Six fish samples representing five species, namely asp (Aspius aspius), roach (Rutilus rutilus), common bream (Abramis brama), round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and monkey goby (Neogobius fluviatilis), as well as three frog samples were found positive for circoviral DNA. Sequence analysis of the amplicons indicated the presence of three novel putative circo-like viruses and a circovirus in Hungarian fishes and one novel circovirus in a common toad (Bufo bufo), and another one in a dead and an alive specimen of green tree frog (Litoria caerulea), respectively. In phylogeny reconstruction, the putative bream circovirus clustered together with circoviruses discovered in other cyprinid fishes recently. Three other piscine circoviral sequences appeared closest to sequences derived from different environmental samples. Surprisingly, the nucleotide sequence derived from two fish samples (a bream and a monkey goby) proved to be from porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), almost identical to a sequence detected in Sweden previously. This is the first report on the detection of PCV2 in fish and circoviral DNA in amphibian hosts.
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Zemenu Adiss, Getnet. "Porcine Circovirus: Historical Outlooks and Non-Porcine Victims." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 5, no. 1 (2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000191.
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Porcine circovirus is an important viral species in the genus circovirus. It causes an immerse economic losses in the piggery industry. According to the retrospective studies, PCV2 has circulated before its acclaimed detection from samples taken as of the first outbreak in Canada. A bit far on in time, it has been reported in Europe, United States and Asian countries. The disease is endemic in most pig producing countries. Since then phylogeny studies supported for the immergence of various new Porcine circoviruses variants and genotypes. In addition to its natural reservoirs (wild and feral pigs), it also inhibits calves, goats, canines and mice. Some insects like mosquitoes are also the potential carrier of PCV2 even let it for cross species transmission. Hence those proper prevention measures of the mechanical carrier vectors of the disease should be noted together with the need of efficient vaccine against the pathogenic porcine circoviruses types.
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Crowther, R. A., J. A. Berriman, W. L. Curran, G. M. Allan, and D. Todd. "Comparison of the Structures of Three Circoviruses:Chicken Anemia Virus, PorcineCircovirus Type 2, and Beakand Feather DiseaseVirus." Journal of Virology 77, no. 24 (December 15, 2003): 13036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.24.13036-13041.2003.
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ABSTRACT Circoviruses are small, nonenveloped icosahedral animal viruses characterized by circular single-stranded DNA genomes. Their genomes are the smallest possessed by animal viruses. Infections with circoviruses, which can lead to economically important diseases, frequently result in virus-induced damage to lymphoid tissue and immunosuppression. Within the family Circoviridae, different genera are distinguished by differences in genomic organization. Thus, Chicken anemia virus is in the genus Gyrovirus, while porcine circoviruses and Beak and feather disease virus belong to the genus Circovirus. Little is known about the structures of circoviruses. Accordingly, we investigated the structures of these three viruses with a view to determining whether they are related. Three-dimensional maps computed from electron micrographs showed that all three viruses have a T=1 organization with capsids formed from 60 subunits. Porcine circovirus type 2 and beak and feather disease virus show similar capsid structures with flat pentameric morphological units, whereas chicken anemia virus has stikingly different protruding pentagonal trumpet-shaped units. It thus appears that the structures of viruses in the same genus are related but that those of viruses in different genera are unrelated.
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Choi, Changsun, Chanhee Chae, and Edward G. Clark. "Porcine Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome in Korean Pig: Detection of Porcine Circovirus 2 Infection by Immunohistochemistry and Polymerase Chain Reaction." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 12, no. 2 (March 2000): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870001200209.
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This report describes the first diagnosis of porcine circovirus (PCV) infection in weaned pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Korea by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. The most unique lesions were multifocal granulomatous inflammation affecting lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, characterized by infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Circoviral antigen was detected in formalin-fixed sections and was usually present in large, round, dendritic cells in the white pulp of spleen and remnants of follicles in lymph nodes. Lymphoid follicles in the tonsils also contained PCV antigen. A 530–bp DNA fragment of circovirus was successfully amplified from all tested lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.
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Franzo, Giovanni, Albert Ruiz, Laura Grassi, Marina Sibila, Michele Drigo, and Joaquim Segalés. "Lack of Porcine circovirus 4 Genome Detection in Pig Samples from Italy and Spain." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060433.
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The genus Circovirus includes several species and mostly causes asymptomatic infections. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) and, with increasing evidence, Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3), have been associated with different clinical conditions all over the world. In 2019, a new porcine circovirus (PCV-4) was identified from diseased animals in China. Because of the lessons learned from PCV-2 and PCV-3, it appears mandatory to investigate the actual distribution of this new virus and its potential association with clinical outcomes. To this purpose, an exploratory study to detect PCV-4 by molecular methods was performed in Italy and Spain by testing more than 300 samples of different types (serum and tissues), collected from both healthy and diseased pigs and wild boar as well. All samples, independently from the country, type, health status and host, tested PCV-4 negative. Therefore, no evidence of PCV-4 presence was found in Italy and Spain through this exploratory study. Considering the dense pig trade among European countries, its presence in the continent can similarly be considered unlikely. The reasons behind the restricted PCV-4 distribution compared to other porcine circoviruses will require further investigations. Careful surveillance might nevertheless be important since prompt recognition of PCV-4 would allow the implementation of effective countermeasures to prevent its spreading and potential economic losses.
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Payne, Natalie, Simona Kraberger, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Kara Schmidlin, Melissa H. Bergeman, Ivonne Cassaigne, Melanie Culver, Arvind Varsani, and Koenraad Van Doorslaer. "Novel Circoviruses Detected in Feces of Sonoran Felids." Viruses 12, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091027.
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Sonoran felids are threatened by drought and habitat fragmentation. Vector range expansion and anthropogenic factors such as habitat encroachment and climate change are altering viral evolutionary dynamics and exposure. However, little is known about the diversity of viruses present in these populations. Small felid populations with lower genetic diversity are likely to be most threatened with extinction by emerging diseases, as with other selective pressures, due to having less adaptive potential. We used a metagenomic approach to identify novel circoviruses, which may have a negative impact on the population viability, from confirmed bobcat (Lynx rufus) and puma (Puma concolor) scats collected in Sonora, Mexico. Given some circoviruses are known to cause disease in their hosts, such as porcine and avian circoviruses, we took a non-invasive approach using scat to identify circoviruses in free-roaming bobcats and puma. Three circovirus genomes were determined, and, based on the current species demarcation, they represent two novel species. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that one circovirus species is more closely related to rodent associated circoviruses and the other to bat associated circoviruses, sharing highest genome-wide pairwise identity of approximately 70% and 63%, respectively. At this time, it is unknown whether these scat-derived circoviruses infect felids, their prey, or another organism that might have had contact with the scat in the environment. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the host of these viruses and assess health impacts in felids.
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Meehan, B. M., D. Todd, M. S. McNulty, and J. L. Creelan. "Sequence of porcine circovirus DNA: affinities with plant circoviruses." Journal of General Virology 78, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-78-1-221.
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Biryuchenkova, M. V., A. M. Timina, and A. V. Shcherbakov. "DETECTION OF PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 3 IN RUSSIAN PIG HOLDINGS." Veterinary Science Today, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2019-3-30-29-33.
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Diseases associated with porcine circoviruses (mainly with porcine circovirus type 2) have various manifestations, are common in pigs in countries having well-developed pig industry and responsible for significant economic losses. Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) causing systemic inflammation of unknown etiology in animals was detected the USA in 2015. Later, data on PCV-3 detection in Asia, Europe and South America were published. Analysis of literature data on current epidemic situation on PCV-3 infection in foreign countries as well as the disease clinical manifestations and postmortem lesions are described. Results of molecular and genetic tests of biomaterials collected from pigs in 51 holdings located in 28 regions of the Russian Federation are presented. A total of 280 samples of biological materials of different types (organs, tissues, stillborn piglets) collected from domestic pigs with respiratory, reproductive and neurological disorders, dermatitis and from emaciated pigs were tested and PCV-3 genome was detected in 11 samples from 9 holdings located in 5 regions of the Russian Federation. Porcine circovirus type 3 was detected in lung, bronchial and mediastinal lymph node, spleen tissues from grower and fattening piglets, adult pigs and aborted fetuses. Samples that were positive for PCV-3 DNA when tested with molecular methods (PCR, real-time PCR) were tested for other pathogens. The following pathogens were also detected in 6 out of 11 samples (55%): Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Streptococcus suis, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Porcine circovirus type 2 was detected in one sample. Presented test results are indicative of probable combined etiology of respiratory and reproductive disorders in tested pigs that results in various clinical manifestations. Grower and fattening piglets were found to be the most susceptible to PCV-3-associated disease. Further studies are required for identification of actual PCV-3 pathogenicity and its prevalence in the territory of the Russian Federation.
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Zheng, LL, XH Jin, FS Wei, CQ Wang, HY Chen, YB Wang, and ZY Wei. "Simultaneous detection of porcine pseudorabies virus, porcine parvovirus and porcine circovirus type 2 by multiplex real-time PCR and amplicon melting curve analysis using SYBR Green I." Veterinární Medicína 63, No. 8 (August 20, 2018): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3/2018-vetmed.
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Porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2 can cause reproductive failure in pigs, and swine are often simultaneously infected by combinations of the three viruses. We here report the development of a SYBR Green I-based multiplex real time PCR assay for simultaneous detection of porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2. Three pairs of specific primers were designed for the porcine parvovirus-VP2, porcine pseudorabies virus-gH and porcine circovirus type 2-ORF2 genes. Viral genomes were identified based on their distinctive melting temperatures in singleplex PCR reactions. The melting temperature was 74.5 °C for the 313 bp amplicon of porcine parvovirus-VP2 gene, 87.5 °C for the 355 bp amplicon of porcine pseudorabies virus-gH gene and 80.5 °C for the 171 bp amplicon of the porcine circovirus type 2-ORF2 gene, respectively. The detection limit of the method ranged from 0.01–0.03 TCID<sub>50</sub>/ml for the three viruses. In addition, porcine parvovirus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine circovirus type 2 viral loads were measured in 100 field samples, and the result showed that the concordance between real-time PCR and conventional PCR was 60.42%. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR were 100% and 100%, while those of conventional PCR were 40.83% and 72.22%, respectively.
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França, Ticiana do Nascimento, Carlos Torres Ribeiro, Bernardo Melo da Cunha, and Paulo Vargas Peixoto. "Circovirose suína." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 25, no. 2 (June 2005): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2005000200001.
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Por meio de revisão da literatura pertinente foram coligidos e são apresentados os principais dados relativos aos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, anátomo e histopatológicos observados na infecção por Circovírus Porcino tipo 2 (PCV-2) em suínos. São abordados a Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmica dos Suínos Desmamados (SDMDS), o Tremor Congênito Suíno (TCS), a Síndrome da Nefropatia e Dermatite Porcina (SNDP), bem como outras enfermidades associadas ou correlatas, a Síndrome Respiratória e Reprodutiva Porcina (SRRP), a Pneumonia Necrotizante Proliferativa (PNP) e as falhas reprodutivas. Uma vez que a SDMSD já foi registrada na Região Sul do Brasil e no Estado do Rio de Janeiro esse estudo objetiva chamar a atenção para o especial significado dessa virose para a suinocultura brasileira, em função dos prejuízos econômicos por ela determinados.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Circovirus porcin"
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Kouokam, Fotso Guy Baudry. "Etude du rôle de la protéine gC1qR dans l'infection par le circovirus porcin de type 2." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B026.
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Le circovirus porcin de type 2 est responsable de la maladie d’amaigrissement du porcelet. Il est différent du circovirus porcin de type 1 qui est non pathogène. Nous disposons de peu de données pouvant expliquer pourquoi le virus PCV2 est pathogène et le virus PCV1 ne l’est pas. De plus les bases moléculaires soutenant la pathogénicité du PCV2 et l’immunodépression induite par le PCV2 sont mal comprises. Dans cette étude nous avons montré que la protéine gC1qR était capable d’interagir de façon différentielle avec les protéines de capside (Cap) de circovirus pathogène PCV2 et non pathogène PCV1. La protéine de capside de PCV1 isolée d’un porcelet issu d’un élevage était incapable d’interagir avec la protéine gC1qR. Il a été également montré que la région de la protéine Cap PCV2 impliquée dans l’interaction avec gC1qR était comprise dans les 59 acides aminés N-terminaux, région riche en arginine. Il a été également mis en évidence que les transcrits de gC1qR étaient sous-régulés in vitro et in vivo après une infection par le virus PCV2 au temps court de l’infection. Une sous-régulation de gC1qR induite par ARN interférence en cellules permissives rénales de porc PK15 n’induisait cependant ni une diminution de la réplication du virus PCV2, ni une diminution de formation de ses particules infectieuses. Ce travail apporte de nouveaux éléments pour comprendre l’adaptation des souches de circovirus porcins à leur hôte ainsi que son interaction avec les protéines de son hôteThe porcine circovirus type 2 is the causal agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. It is different from porcine circovirus type 1 which is non-pathogenic. We have little data that could explain why the PCV2 is pathogenic and PCV1 is not. The molecular basis supporting the pathogenicity of PCV2 and the induced immune-depression is misunderstood. It has been shown that the capsid protein (Cap) of the porcine circovirus was able to interact differentially with the capsid protein of the pathogenic circovirus PCV2 and nonpathogenic PCV1. Cap proteins from PCV1 virus isolated from a piglet was unable to interact with gC1qR. It has also been shown that the Cap PCV2 region involved in the interaction with gC1qR was included among the 59 N-terminal amino acids, an arginine-rich region. It was also shown that gC1qR transcripts were down-regulated in vitro and in vivo after infection with PCV2 virus at the beginning of infection. A siRNA-mediated downregulation of gC1qR in the PK15 permissive cells did not induce a modification of the replication of PCV2 virus and neither the production of infectious viral particles. This work provides new evidence for understanding the adaptation of porcine circovirus strains to their host as well as its interaction with its host proteins
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Andraud, Mathieu. "Modélisation de la dynamique d’infection par le circovirus porcin de type 2 (PCV-2) dans un élevage de type naisseur-engraisseur." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1S143.
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Un modèle stochastique individu-centré représentant la dynamique de population au sein d’un élevage de production porcine a été développé, puis couplé avec un modèle épidémiologique spécifique au circovirus porcin de type 2 (PCV-2), agent étiologique de la maladie de l’amaigrissement du porcelet (MAP). Un effort particulier a été porté sur l’estimation des paramètres du modèle épidémiologique pour laquelle deux essais expérimentaux de transmission du virus ont été mis en place. Le modèle résultant a permis de tester l’impact de différentes stratégies de conduite et mesures de prophylaxie sur la dynamique d’infection, identifiée comme facteur de risque majeur du développement de la maladieA stochastic individual-based model has been developed to represent the population dynamics within a pig production herd and coupled with a PCV-2 specific epidemiological model. Two experimental transmission studies were carried out to estimate accurately the main parameters of the epidemiological model. The resulting model has been used to evaluate the influence of husbandry and control measures on PCV-2 within herd infection dynamics, previously identified as a major risk factor for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
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Oñate, Vásquez Digna del Pilar. "Caracterización de perfiles serológicos de circovirus porcino tipo 2 de planteles de producción porcina intensiva en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146611.
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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Médico Veterinario.El circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV-2) es un virus muy pequeño (17 nm. de diámetro), de estructura icosaédrica y con ADN circular simple. Se conoce ampliamente por ser el agente causal de una compleja lista de enfermedades multifactoriales denominadas PCVAD (del inglés, Porcine circovirus associated diseases). Entre estas, una de las más importantes en términos económicos y sanitarios para la industria porcina intensiva, es el PMWS (del inglés, Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome), que se caracteriza clínicamente por adelgazamiento progresivo, retraso del crecimiento y desmedro. La infección por si sola por PCV-2 es necesaria, pero no suficiente para desencadenar el cuadro clínico, existen otros factores, tanto individuales como prediales, que participan en el desarrollo del síndrome. Por lo tanto, es más común encontrar individuos infectados con una presentación subclínica, inmunocomprometidos y mayormente susceptibles a coinfecciones. En el presente estudio, se caracterizan los perfiles serológicos de 11 granjas de producción porcina, cuya ubicación geográfica es representativa de la producción a nivel nacional. Un perfil serológico es un estudio efectuado a grupos de animales de diferentes edades o etapas productivas, para detectar la presencia de anticuerpos contra algún patógeno en particular y determinar patrones de infección. De cada granja se tomaron 16 muestras de suero en 3 edades (3-4, 10 y 18-20 semanas). Cada muestra fue evaluada mediante una prueba de ELISA para la detección de anticuerpos anti PCV-2. A modo complementario, los títulos de anticuerpos a las 3 semanas fueron transformados a valores de IPMA (técnica de inmunoperoxidasa en monocapa de cultivo celular), a modo de evidenciar posible interferencia materna con la vacunación. Finalmente, se realizó una recopilación de información respecto a las granjas muestreadas y mediante un Análisis de Varianza (ANOVA) en el programa estadístico Infostat, los factores: status PRRS, vacunación, sistema y tamaño fueron analizados, a modo de establecer posibles diferencias significativas entre las granjas al considerar estos factores. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento característico de los perfiles serológicos, con un alto título de anticuerpos a las 3 semanas, los cuales disminuyen drásticamente en el tiempo, lo que sugiere un eficiente traspaso de inmunidad materna, pero se cuestiona la efectividad en la generación de anticuerpos a través de la vacunación. Además, se observa una alta presencia del fenómeno de interferencia de la inmunidad materna con la vacunación. Por último, los resultados del análisis estadístico muestran que todos los factores analizados generan diferencias significativas entre los perfiles serológicos de las granjas. El estudio permite concluir robustamente que existe evidencia serológica de PCV-2 en todas las granjas analizadas y que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellas al considerar ciertos factores prediales, aceptándose la hipótesis de este estudio
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is a very small virus (17 nm of diameter), of icosahedral structure and simple circular DNA. PCV-2 is widely known to be the causative agent of several multifactorial diseases named PCVAD (Porcine circovirus asociated diseases). The most economic important disease caused by PCV-2 is the Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which is characterized by progressive emaciation, growth retardation and wasting. PCV-2 infection is necessary but not sufficient to trigger the clinical presentation, there are other factors, individual and predial, that are involved in the development of the syndrome. Therefore, it is more common to find individuals infected with a subclinical presentation, immunocompromised and most susceptible to coinfections. In the present study, the serological profiles of 11 pig farms were characterized, whose geographic location is representative of production at the national level. A serological profile is a study carried out on groups of animals at different ages, to detect the presence of antibodies against PCV-2, and to determine patterns of infection. From each farm, sera was collected in 3-4 weeks; 10 weeks and 18-20 weeks old pigs, obtaining 16 samples per age. Each sample was evaluated by a comercial PCV-2 ELISA test for antibody detection. Additionally, antibody titres at 3 weeks were transformed to IPMA equivalent values (inmunoperoxidase monolayer assay), in order to evidence possible maternal interference with vaccination. Also, information about farms characteristics and management such as; PRRS status, vaccination, type of production system and size, were collected. All variables were statistically analyzed in order to establish if there were significant differences between the farms when considering these factors. The results show a characteristic behavior of the serological profiles, with a high antibody titre in 3 weeks old pigs, which decrease drastically over time, suggesting an efficient transfer of maternal immunity, but the effectiveness of the vaccination to generate antibodies is questioned. In addition, there is a high presence of the phenomenon of interference of maternal immunity with vaccination. Finally, the results of the statistical analysis show that all the analyzed factors generate significant differences between the serological profiles of the farms. The study allows us to conclude robustly that there is serological evidence of PCV-2 in all farms analyzed and that there are statistically significant differences between them when considering certain property factors, accepting the hypothesis of this study
Financiamiento: Proyecto Zoetis-Favet PCV2.
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Teixeira, Thais Fumaco. "Detecção de possíveis agentes virais associados à circovirose suína." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13371.
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O Circovirus suíno tipo 2 (PCV2) é um vírus ubíquo que tem sido associado a um número de síndromes em suínos. Entre elas, a Síndrome Multissistêmica do Definhamento dos Suínos (SMDS) tornou-se uma das principais causas de perdas econômicas na suinocultura nacional. No entanto, existe incerteza se o PCV2 é, de fato, o único agente responsável por esse quadro, essencialmente porque a administração isolada do vírus a animais suscetíveis não tem sido capaz de reproduzir experimentalmente a síndrome. Em vista disso, um número de outros agentes infecciosos (e não infecciosos) tem sido examinados e sua potencial participação no desenvolvimento da SMDS tem sido pesquisada. No presente estudo foram realizados experimentos visando determinar se outro(s) agente(s) com genoma de DNA circular poderia(m) desempenhar algum papel no desenvolvimento da SMDS. Para tanto, a técnica denominada “amplificação por círculo rolante com múltiplos primers” (ACRMP) foi empregada. A ACRMP é baseada na atividade da DNA polimerase do fago phi29, uma enzima capaz de sintetizar novas moléculas de DNA a partir de um molde de DNA circular. Numa segunda etapa, o DNA amplificado é clivado com enzimas de restrição, ocasionando a linearização de grande quantidade de cópias do DNA alvo original. Como a ACRMP é realizada com primers aleatórios, nenhum conhecimento prévio da seqüência de nucleotídeos alvo é necessário. Portanto, pode-se teoricamente amplificar DNA circular de qualquer microorganismo, o que a torna ideal para o propósito do presente estudo. O DNA extraído de soros de 67 suínos com sinais clínicos de SMDS, assim como de 63 suínos saudáveis, foram submetidos à ACRMP. O principal achado deste estudo foi que o genoma de um (ou mais) anelovírus foi(ram) detectado(s) em 88,9% (56/63) dos suínos saudáveis, ao passo que o(s) mesmo(s) agente(s) somente foi(ram) detectado(s) em 16,4% (11/67) dos soros de suínos com sinais clínicos da SMDS. Alguns fragmentos de DNA potencialmente correspondentes a fragmentos de genomas virais foram seqüenciados, revelando que pelo menos um deles corresponde a uma seqüência de anelovírus suíno ainda não descrita. No entanto, outro genoma correspondente a um anelovírus foi encontrado na mesma amostra, sugerindo que mais de um vírus pode estar presente em amostras de soro. Estes resultados demonstraram que os anelovírus, de grande variabilidade genética, são significativamente mais prevalentes em suínos clinicamente saudáveis do que em suínos com SMDS.Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an ubiquitous virus that has been associated to a number of syndromes in swine. Among these, Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS) has become a major cause of economic losses in swine worldwide. However, there is uncertainty as to whether PCV2 is in fact the sole agent responsible for the disease, essentially because the disease has not been experimentally reproduced when PCV2 is inoculated onto susceptible animals. In view of that, a number of other infectious (and non infectious) agents have been examined and their potential role in PMWS searched for. This study was carried out to determine whether any other agent(s) with circular DNA genome might be playing some role in PMWS. In order to achieve that, a technique called “randomly primed rolling circle amplification” (RPRCA) was employed. RPRCA is based on the activity of bacteriophage phi29 DNA polymerase, an enzyme that synthesizes new DNA molecules starting from a circularized DNA template. In a second phase, the amplified DNA is cleaved with restriction enzymes, so giving rise to large amounts of linearized copies of the original target DNA. As RPRCA is performed with random priming, no previous knowledge of the target nucleotide sequence is necessary. Therefore, it is theoretically possible to amplify circular DNA of any microorganism, thus making it ideal for the purpose of the present study. DNA extracted from sera of 67 pigs with clinical signs of PMWS as well as from 63 healthy pigs was submitted to RPRCA. The major finding of this study was that the genome of one (or more) anelloviruses was detected in 88,9% (56/63) of the healthy pigs, whereas the same agent was only detected in 16,4% (11/67) of pigs with clinical signs of PMWS. Some of the DNA fragments corresponding to the putative virus genomes were sequenced and revealed at least one non-previously described anellovirus sequence. However, other anellovirus could be found on the same sample, suggesting that more than one genome are present in samples of serum. These results demonstrate that anelovírus, of great genetic variability, were significantly more prevalent in healthy pigs than in pigs with PMWS.
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Klaumann, Francini. "Molecular epidemiological studies of Porcine circovirus 3, a novel virus identified in domestic pig and wild boar." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665495.
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El Circovirus porcino 3 (PCV-3) es un virus descubierto recientemente en cerdos domésticos y jabalíes. El virus fue hallado por primera vez en 2016 mediante estudios metagenómicos, en animales afectados por fallo reproductivo, e inflamación cardíaca y multisistémica. Desde entonces, el virus se ha descrito circulando de forma generalizada en animales con diferentes presentaciones clínico/patológicas como en cerdos sanos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta Tesis fue generar nueva información sobre la epidemiología molecular del PCV-3 en muestras de cerdos domésticos y jabalíes en España.
En el primer estudio, la presencia de PCV-3 en la población porcina española se evaluó retrospectivamente de 1996 a 2017 en sueros de animales de diferentes fases de producción y condiciones clínico/patológicas. La detección del genoma de PCV-3 en estas muestras se realizó mediante PCR y secuenciación del genoma. Los datos obtenidos confirmaron que PCV-3 ha estado circulando en la población porcina española desde el año 1996. La frecuencia global de muestras PCR positivas para PCV-3 en el período de estudio fue 11.47% (75 de 654). El análisis filogenético de las secuencias obtenidas de PCV-3 mostró una alta identidad con las secuencias de PCV-3 ya conocidas. Aunque la información obtenida fue limitada, la presencia de PCV-3 no pareció estar relacionada con ninguna condición patológica específica ni asociada a ninguna fase de producción del cerdo.
En el segundo estudio se evaluó la dinámica de la infección por PCV-3. Para ello se analizaron mediante PCR los sueros de 152 cerdos de 4 granjas de alto estatus sanitario y sin problemas clínicos. Los animales fueron monitorizados longitudinalmente 5-6 veces desde las 2 a 4 semanas de edad hasta el final de la fase de engorde. El genoma del PCV-3 se detectó en cerdos de todas las edades y granjas evaluadas; algunos animales presentaron una aparente infección a largo plazo durante un período que varió de 4 a 23 semanas. El análisis filogenético mostró una gran similitud entre las secuencias obtenidas y los genomas de PCV-3 de diferentes países disponibles en las bases de datos. Los resultados confirman que PCV-3 circuló en las granjas estudiadas en España, lo que sugiere que la infección probablemente sea generalizada en el país. La mayoría de los cerdos se infectaron durante su vida productiva, aunque no se encontró asociación con una edad específica.
En el tercer estudio, se verificó la frecuencia retrospectiva de la infección por PCV-3 entre 2004 y 2018, así como en una población española de jabalíes capturados y recapturados. Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron la susceptibilidad del jabalí a la infección por el virus, mostrando alta frecuencia de detección de PCV-3 (221 de 518, 42.66%) y demostrando circulación al menos desde el año 2004. Los datos compilados sugieren que PCV-3 es aparentemente capaz de causar una infección persistente, ya que 5 de 10 jabalíes capturados/re-capturados positivos a PCV-3 mostraron positividad en muestreos separados por más de 5 meses. La frecuencia de detección del genoma de PCV-3 también fue investigada por primera vez en diferentes muestras de tejido y heces. Se detectó el genoma de PCV-3 en todos los tipos de tejido analizados. La cantidad de ADN en todas las muestras de PCR positivas para PCV-3 analizadas fue de moderada a baja. Todas las secuencias parciales y completas de PCV-3 obtenidas de jabalíes mostraron una elevada similitud nucleotídica (> 98%).
En conclusión, los resultados obtenidos en esta Tesis proporcionan datos relevantes sobre la epidemiología de este nuevo virus, PCV-3, tanto en cerdos domésticos como en jabalíes. Además, la información filogenética sugiere una baja variabilidad genética de PCV-3, en contraste con otros virus de ADN monocatenario.Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) is a recently discovered circovirus species found in domestic pigs and wild boar. The virus was found in 2016, through metagenomic sequencing approach, in animals affected by reproductive failure, cardiac and multisystemic inflammation. Since then, the virus has been described in pigs with different clinical/pathological presentations as well as in healthy ones, with a widespread circulation. Therefore, the main objective of this Thesis was to gain insights into the molecular epidemiology of PCV-3 in samples from domestic pigs and wild boar from Spain. In the first study, the presence of PCV-3 in the Spanish pig population was retrospectively evaluated from 1996 to 2017 in sera from animals of different production phases and clinical/pathological conditions. The detection of PCV-3 genome in such samples was attempted by PCR and partial genome sequences were obtained from selected PCV-3 positive samples from different years. Compiled data confirmed that PCV-3 has been circulating in the Spanish pig population since 1996. The overall frequency of PCV-3 PCR positive samples in the study period was 11.47% (75 out of 654). Phylogenetic analysis of the PCV-3 obtained sequences showed high identity with the already known PCV-3 sequences, with low variations among years. Although the available information was limited, PCV-3 did not appear to be linked to any specific pathological condition or pig age-group. The second study aimed to assess the dynamics of PCV-3 infection by means of PCR in serum. A total of 152 pigs from 4 different healthy farms, which were sampled longitudinally five or six times from 2-4 weeks of age until the end of the fattening period, were analyzed. PCV-3 genome was found in pigs from all tested ages and farms; few animals had an apparent long-term infection during a period ranging from 4 to 23 weeks. Phylogenetic analysis showed high similarity among the obtained sequences and with available PCV-3 genomes from different countries. Results confirmed that PCV-3 circulated in all studied farms from Spain, suggesting that infection is probably widespread in the country. Most pigs got infection during their life, although PCV-3 did not appear to circulate mostly at any specific age. In the third study, the frequency of PCV-3 infection was retrospectively assessed in Spanish wild boar from 2004 to 2018, as well as in captured and re-captured animals. Obtained results confirmed the susceptibility of wild boar to the virus, showing high frequency of PCV-3 detection (221 out of 518, 42.66%) and demonstrating circulation at least since 2004. Compiled data suggests that PCV-3 is apparently able to cause persistent infection, since 5 out of 10 PCV-3 PCR positive captured/re-captured boars showed positivity in samplings separated for more than 5 months. The frequency of PCV-3 genome was also investigated for the first time in different tissue samples and feces, where all tested tissue types’ harbored PCV-3 genome. The amount of DNA in all tested PCV-3 PCR positive samples was moderate to low. All partial and complete PCV-3 sequences obtained from wild boar displayed high nucleotide similarity (>98%). In conclusion, the obtained results of this Thesis provide relevant data on the epidemiology of this novel virus, in both domestic pig and wild boar, which appear to be widespread. Moreover, the phylogenetic information suggests low genetic variability of PCV-3, in contrast with other single stranded-DNA viruses.
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Schmitt, Cornelia. "Untersuchung der differentiellen Genregulation porciner Zellkulturzellen nach Infektion mit porcinen Circoviren Typ 1 und Typ 2." Berlin : Mensch-und-Buch-Verl, 2006. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2006/246/index.html.
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com, jmuhling@gmail, and Jill Muhling. "Australian Porcine Circoviruses." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061129.141643.
Full textAbstract:
Two types of porcine circovirus (PCV) exist, referred to as PCV1 and PCV2. PCV2 has been associated with disease syndromes in pigs, including that designated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which has been identified in all regions of the world bar Australia (Hamel et al., 1998; Allan et al., 1999a; Onuki et al., 1999; Martelli et al., 2000; Kyriakis et al., 2000; Wellenberg et al., 2000; Done et al., 2001; Trujano et al., 2001; Saradell et al., 2004; Castro et al., 2004; Jemersic et al., 2004; Maldonado et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Motovski and Segales, 2004; Garkavenko et al., 2005). PMWS affects young weaner pigs and results in weight loss, tachypnea, dyspnea, enlarged lymph nodes and jaundice (Harding, 1998). PCV2 may also cause or contribute to other swine diseases such as congential tremors (CT) (Stevenson et al., 1999), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (Rosell et al., 2000), reproductive failure (Meehan et al., 2001) and several other emerging disease syndromes. PCV1 is currently considered to be non-pathogenic. Although PMWS has not been reported in Australia, information on the distribution, variation and further characterisation of PCV in Australian pigs was necessary as it might provide insights into why there is no PCV-associated disease in this country. The results reported in this thesis involved the detection and further study of porcine circovirus in Australia.
This chapter provides an outline of this thesis and the work undertaken, while Chapter 2 is a review of the relevant literature with particular reference to circoviral diseases. Chapter 3 describes the detection of both PCV1 and PCV2 in the Australian pig herd, using a multiplex PCR designed to differentiate between the two viral types. The association of Australian PCV with two disease outbreaks was also investigated. Following the detection of both viruses, it was important to genetically compare Australian PCV with overseas strains known to cause disease, and this was achieved with a sequencing and phylogenetic study as described in Chapter 4. Possible reasons for the genetic groupings and distribution of different PCV2 strains worldwide are also discussed in this chapter.
As PMWS is as yet unidentified in Australian pigs, the importation of pig meat into Australia from countries with the disease requires careful monitoring. Current protocols for the cooking of imported pig meat were designed to inactivate porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (PRRSV), and as such may not be effective against PCV. In this study (Chapter 5), Australian PCV2 was successfully infected into cell culture, and detected using a variety of techniques. Subsequently, thermal stability experiments were performed using a newly-developed immunoperoxidase (IPMA) test. It was anticipated that this study would determine whether current importation protocols require revision, and the results would suggest that this is the case, with PCV2 unaffected by treatment comparable with current cooking protocols.
While no animal experiments were undertaken in this study, it may become necessary to infect pigs with Australian PCV to determine viral pathogenicity. Cell culture inoculums have been used in the past overseas, but problems with contamination and viral titre have been encountered (Fenaux et al., 2001). Viral infectious clones can be used to overcome these problems, so an infectious clone of Australian PCV2 was constructed, as described in Chapter 6. While time constraints prevented the clone from being infected into culture, it is anticipated that the construct would be infectious as it is based on a previously published method (Hattermann et al., 2004). Chapter 7 is a general discussion of the results and conclusions from this study.
The detection and characterisation of Australian PCV as described in this study has provided further information on the status of PCV in the Australian pig herd, and also developed diagnostic tests to assist in future research. These tools will be important when assessing and managing the risk of Australia experiencing PCV-associated diseases.
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Muhling, Jill. "Australian porcine circoviruses." Muhling, Jill (2006) Australian porcine circoviruses. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/488/.
Full textAbstract:
Two types of porcine circovirus (PCV) exist, referred to as PCV1 and PCV2. PCV2 has been associated with disease syndromes in pigs, including that designated postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), which has been identified in all regions of the world bar Australia (Hamel et al., 1998; Allan et al., 1999a; Onuki et al., 1999; Martelli et al., 2000; Kyriakis et al., 2000; Wellenberg et al., 2000; Done et al., 2001; Trujano et al., 2001; Saradell et al., 2004; Castro et al., 2004; Jemersic et al., 2004; Maldonado et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2004; Motovski and Segales, 2004; Garkavenko et al., 2005). PMWS affects young weaner pigs and results in weight loss, tachypnea, dyspnea, enlarged lymph nodes and jaundice (Harding, 1998). PCV2 may also cause or contribute to other swine diseases such as congential tremors (CT) (Stevenson et al., 1999), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) (Rosell et al., 2000), reproductive failure (Meehan et al., 2001) and several other emerging disease syndromes. PCV1 is currently considered to be non-pathogenic. Although PMWS has not been reported in Australia, information on the distribution, variation and further characterisation of PCV in Australian pigs was necessary as it might provide insights into why there is no PCV-associated disease in this country. The results reported in this thesis involved the detection and further study of porcine circovirus in Australia.
This chapter provides an outline of this thesis and the work undertaken, while Chapter 2 is a review of the relevant literature with particular reference to circoviral diseases. Chapter 3 describes the detection of both PCV1 and PCV2 in the Australian pig herd, using a multiplex PCR designed to differentiate between the two viral types. The association of Australian PCV with two disease outbreaks was also investigated. Following the detection of both viruses, it was important to genetically compare Australian PCV with overseas strains known to cause disease, and this was achieved with a sequencing and phylogenetic study as described in Chapter 4. Possible reasons for the genetic groupings and distribution of different PCV2 strains worldwide are also discussed in this chapter.
As PMWS is as yet unidentified in Australian pigs, the importation of pig meat into Australia from countries with the disease requires careful monitoring. Current protocols for the cooking of imported pig meat were designed to inactivate porcine reproductive and respiratory disease virus (PRRSV), and as such may not be effective against PCV. In this study (Chapter 5), Australian PCV2 was successfully infected into cell culture, and detected using a variety of techniques. Subsequently, thermal stability experiments were performed using a newly-developed immunoperoxidase (IPMA) test. It was anticipated that this study would determine whether current importation protocols require revision, and the results would suggest that this is the case, with PCV2 unaffected by treatment comparable with current cooking protocols.
While no animal experiments were undertaken in this study, it may become necessary to infect pigs with Australian PCV to determine viral pathogenicity. Cell culture inoculums have been used in the past overseas, but problems with contamination and viral titre have been encountered (Fenaux et al., 2001). Viral infectious clones can be used to overcome these problems, so an infectious clone of Australian PCV2 was constructed, as described in Chapter 6. While time constraints prevented the clone from being infected into culture, it is anticipated that the construct would be infectious as it is based on a previously published method (Hattermann et al., 2004). Chapter 7 is a general discussion of the results and conclusions from this study.
The detection and characterisation of Australian PCV as described in this study has provided further information on the status of PCV in the Australian pig herd, and also developed diagnostic tests to assist in future research. These tools will be important when assessing and managing the risk of Australia experiencing PCV-associated diseases.
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López, Soria Sergio. "Puzzling over the epidemiology of porcine circovirus type 2." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285056.
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El objetivo de la tesis aquí presentada fue el de proporcionar información sobre la epidemiología del circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2). Los cuatro estudios incluidos en esta Tesis Doctoral se resumen a continuación:
El primer estudio fue dirigido a averiguar la prevalencia de PCV2 y otros virus porcinos, en concreto el virus reproductivo y respiratorio porcino (PRRSV), el virus de la influenza porcina (SIV), el virus de la enfermedad de Aujeszky (ADV) y parvovirus porcino (PPV) en granjas porcinas españolas. Se obtuvo que a principio-mitad de los 2000, PCV2 y PPV mostraron evidencias de una distribución ubicua en cerdos; PRRSV y SIV también estaban extendidos. La seroprevalencia del virus salvaje de ADV disminuyó con el tiempo. La seroprevalencia en verracos era inferior que en madres y engorde.
El Segundo trabajo consistió en un estudio exploratorio de casos-controles dirigido a encontrar factores de riesgo que, en asociación con la infección por PCV2, inducían la expresión de la enfermedad sistémica por PCV2 (ES-PCV2), una enfermedad multifactorial. Se concluyó que la infección temprana por PCV2, medida por la evidencia de seroconversión, es un factor predisponente para el desarrollo de ES-PCV2.
El tercer estudio se enfocó a los antecedentes genéticos, un factor de riesgo específico para la ES-PCV2. Se concluyó que los antecedentes genéticos son un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de ES-PCV2. Los lechones procedentes de verracos Pietrain mostraron el mejor rendimiento clínico seguido de los de verracos Large White x Pietrain. Los lechones de verracos Large White x Duroc fueron los más afectados por ES-PCV2.
Finalmente, el último estudio fue dirigido a averiguar el efecto de la carga de PCV2 en suero en la ganancia media diaria de peso (ADWG) durante el periodo post-destete. Se concluyó que la variación de ADWG entre cerdos en granjas afectadas por ES-PCV2 está parcialmente explicada por la cantidad de PCV2 en suero desde el destete al sacrificio. Se identificaron 3 subpoblaciones de cerdos con diferentes cargas de PCV2 en este periodo. Estas subpoblaciones experimentaron diferentes ADWG, donde cuanto mayor era la carga de PCV2 menor era el ADWG.The present thesis aimed to provide information on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) epidemiology. The four studies included in this PhD Thesis are summarised below: The first study aimed to assess the prevalence of PCV2 and other swine viruses, namely reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), Aujeszky’s disease virus (ADV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in Spanish pig herds. It was obtained that in the early-mid 2000s, PCV2 and PPV showed evidence of ubiquitous distribution in pigs; PRRSV and SIV were also widespread. Seroprevalence against ADV wild virus decreased over time. Boar studs had lower seroprevalences than sow and fattening herds. The second work consisted in an exploratory case-control study aimed to assess risk factors that, in association with PCV2 infection, induced the expression of porcine circovirus type 2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), a multifactorial disease. It was concluded that early infection by PCV2, measured by evidence of seroconversion, is a predisposing factor for PCV2-SD occurrence. The third study focused on the pig genetic background, a specific risk factor for PCV2-SD. It was concluded that the genetic background is a risk factor for PCV2-SD development. Piglets from pure Pietrain boars showed the best clinical performance followed by piglets from Large White x Pietrain boars. Piglets from Large White x Duroc boars were the most affected by PCV2-SD. Finally, the last study aimed to assess the effect of PCV2 loads in pig serum on average daily weight gain (ADWG) during the postweaning period. It was concluded that ADWG variation among pigs in PCV2-SD affected farms is partly explained by serum PCV2 load from weaning to slaughter age. Three subpopulations of pigs with different serum PCV2 loads from weaning to slaughter age were identified. These subpopulations experienced significantly different ADWG, in which the higher the PCV2 load the lower the ADWG.
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Halami, Mohammad Yahya. "Circovirus Infection in Cattle." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-155666.
Full textAbstract:
Circoviren sind kleine, unbehüllte Viren mit einem einzelsträngigen zirkulären DNA Genom mit eine Größe von 1,7 bis 2,4 kb. Das Porcine Circovirus Typ 2 (PCV2), welches zum Genus Circovirus gehört, ist mit einer Anzahl von Krankheitsmanifestationen verbunden worden, die heute als Porcine Circovirus Assoziierte Krankheiten (PCVAD) zusammengefasst sind. Die PCV2-Infektion bei Rindern ist bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt marginal erforscht worden. Serologische Untersuchungen auf Circovirus spezifische Antikörperführten zu widersprüchlichen Ergebnissen. Im Jahr 2007 wurde von der Bovinen Neonatalen Panzytopenie (BNP) in Europa mit unklarer Genese berichtet. Das klinisch - pathologische Bild der Hämorrhagien ähnelte dem Krankheitsbild der Infektiösen Anämie, welche durch ein Circovirus bei Hühnern verursacht wird. Deshalb wurde in dieser Studie eine Breitspektrum PCR zum Nachweis von Cirocvirus-Genomen durchgeführt. In 5 von 25 BNP betroffenen Kälbern konnte circovirale DNA nachgewiesen werden. Das komplette Genom wurde nachfolgend amplifiziert, kloniert und sequenziert. Das nachgewiesene Genom (PCV2-Ha08) hat eine Länge von 1768 Nukleotiden und zeigte eine hohe Homologie (bis zu 99%) mit PCV2-Genotyp b (siehe Publikation 1). Als Ursache der BNP ist vor kurzen die Übertragung von Alloantikörpern über das Kolostrum beschrieben wurden, welche die Zerstörungen von Leukozyten und Thrombozyten sowie deren Vorläuferzellen bewirken. Ungeachtet dessen war es wichtig, die Empfänglichkeit und Immunantwort von Kälbern nach experimenteller Infektion mit PCV2 zu studieren. Für diesen Zweck wurden weitere 181 Proben von BNP-Kälbern aus Deutschland mit Hilfe einer Breitspektrum-PCR getestet. In zwei von 181 Proben wurde PCV2 DNA nachgewiesen. Die vollständigen Sequenzen konnten amplifiziert werden. Während das erste Genom aus einer Blutprobe eines Kalbs in Bayern stammte (PCV2-Ha09), stammte das zweite nachgewiesene Genom aus Lunge und Gehirn von einem Kalb in Sachsen (PCV2-Ha10). Das Genom (PCV2-Ha09) besteht aus 1768 nt, währenddessen das Genom (PCV2-Ha10) aus 1767 nt aufgebaut ist (siehe Publikation 2). Weiterhin wurden die PCV2 Empfänglichkeit und die Immunantwort von Kälbern durch experimentellen PCV2 Inokulation sowie die Möglichkeit, eine Serokonversion nach Impfung mit einer kommerziellen PCV2 Vakzin zu entwickeln, untersucht. PCV2-spezifische Antikörper wurden in den PCV2-infizierten Tieren und in den PCV2-immunisierten Tieren im Tag 11 und 7 nach Inokulation (p.i.) nachgewiesen. PCV2-Genome wurden durch quantitative Realtime-PCR zwischen Tag 4 und Tag 46 p.i. nur in den Blutproben sowie in verschiedenen Geweben (z.B. Milz, Lymphknoten, Thymus) der PCV2-infizierten Tiere nachgewiesen. Das Genom, welches von den Lymphknoten der PCV2-infizierten Kälber erneut isoliert wurde, zeigt eine Identität von 99,9% gegenüber dem Inokulum. Dies weist möglicherweise auf adaptierte Mutationen im PCV2 Genom hin. Die Mutationen C1708T und G365C sind während der Infektionen aufgetreten. Die Sequenzanalyse zeigt eine mögliche adaptierte Mutation an der Aminosäure Nr. 105 in Replikationsgen (Met zu Ile) (siehe Publikation 3). Zusammenfassend kann geschlussfolgert werden, dass der Nachweis der PCV2 Genomen und eine experimentell induzierte Serokonversion möglich war. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Empfänglichkeit von PCV2 nicht allein auf Schweine begrenzt ist und eine Übertragung von PCV2 auf Rinder möglich ist.
Books on the topic "Circovirus porcin"
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Circovirus porcino tipo 2: El virus, la enfermedad y la vacuna. España: Servet, 2017.
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Porcine Circovirus type 2: The virus, the disease and the vaccine. España: Servet, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Circovirus porcin"
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Saikumar, G., and Tareni Das. "Porcine Circovirus." In Recent Advances in Animal Virology, 171–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9073-9_10.
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Kennedy, Seamus, Brian Meehan, Francis McNeilly, John Ellis, Steven Krakowka, and Gordon Allan. "Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome: Experimental Studies with Porcine Circovirus Type 2." In Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine, 305–7. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376812.ch9d.
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Harms, Perry A. "Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome and Porcine Circovirus: A United States Perspective." In Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine, 291–95. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376812.ch9b.
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Segalés, Joaquim, François Madec, and Mariano Domingo. "Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome and Porcine Circovirus Type 2: The European Perspective." In Trends in Emerging Viral Infections of Swine, 297–303. Ames, Iowa, USA: Iowa State Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470376812.ch9c.
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Petrini, S., M. Paniccià, V. Silenzi, F. Ciuti, M. Bresaola, M. Fortunati, G. M. De Mia, G. Perugini, and M. Ferrari. "Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies in Pigs Inoculated with an Inactivated Vaccine Against Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2)." In Trends in Veterinary Sciences, 63–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36488-4_12.
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"Porcine Circovirus." In Molecular Detection of Animal Viral Pathogens, 699–706. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19719-83.
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Ramamoorthy, Sheela, and P. Pineyro. "Porcine Circoviruses." In Porcine Viruses: From Pathogenesis to Strategies for Control. Caister Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21775/9781910190913.04.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Circovirus porcin"
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Pigiņka-Vjačeslavova, Inga, and Edīte Birģele. "Cell proliferation activity in lymph nodes infected by porcine circovirus-2." In Research for Rural Development, 2017. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.038.
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Cui, Li, Wen Zhang, Xiu-Guo Hua, Yin-Hua Lu, and Pu-Yan Chen. "Co-Infection with Porcine Circovirus Type 2, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus, and Porcine Parvovirus Is Common in Pig Herds." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.262.
Full textReports on the topic "Circovirus porcin"
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Opriessnig, T., Patrick G. Halbur, Eileen L. Thacker, and S. Yu. An Experimental Model for Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Co-infection. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1091.
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Opriessnig, T., and Patrick G. Halbur. Lack of reproduction of the hallmark porcine circovirus type 2-associated lesions in a mouse model. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1092.
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