Journal articles: 'Circuit de la culture'

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Johnson, L. G., K. G. Dickman, K. L. Moore, L. J. Mandel, and R. C. Boucher. "Enhanced Na+ transport in an air-liquid interface culture system." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 264, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): L560—L565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1993.264.6.l560.

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Use of the air-liquid interface culture technique has produced improved morphological differentiation of rodent, canine, and human tracheal epithelia. We have investigated the effect of this culture technique on ion transport activities of cultured canine bronchial epithelia. These cells were isolated from excised airways by enzymatic digestion and plated on permeable collagen membrane substrates. All cultures were maintained utilizing standard culture techniques, by bathing both apical and basolateral sides with hormone supplemented, serum-free media until confluent (days 4–6). Half of the cultures were converted to air-liquid interface cultures (ALIC) by gentle aspiration of the apical medium and half were continued under standard technique culture (STC) conditions. After three additional days, preparations cultured under both conditions were mounted in modified Ussing chambers where bioelectric properties were measured under short-circuit conditions. Mean short-circuit current (Isc) was significantly greater in ALIC (-91.3 +/- 7.84 microA/cm2) than in STC (-54.8 +/- 5.03 microA/cm2). The sodium channel blocker, amiloride, reduced Isc by 68.4 +/- 5.0% in STC and by 84.8 +/- 3.0% in ALIC. 22Na and 36Cl fluxes confirmed the presence of enhanced sodium absorption in ALIC when compared with STC. The depth of the apical fluid, measured by microelectrodes during ALIC, was approximately 15 microns. Studies of cellular metabolism demonstrated a shift in metabolism from an anaerobic to an oxidative pattern in ALIC. This change in the pattern of metabolism suggests that the ALIC technique enhanced sodium transport in canine bronchial epithelia by increasing oxygen delivery to the epithelium.

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Eglen, Richard M., and Terry Reisine. "Human iPS Cell-Derived Patient Tissues and 3D Cell Culture Part 2: Spheroids, Organoids, and Disease Modeling." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 24, no. 1 (January 22, 2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630318803275.

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Human induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs) provide several advantages for drug discovery, but principally they provide a source of clinically relevant tissue. Furthermore, the use of HiPSCs cultured in three-dimensional (3D) systems, as opposed to traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture approaches, better represents the complex tissue architecture in vivo. The use of HiPSCs in 3D spheroid and organoid culture is now growing, but particularly when using myocardial, intestinal enteric nervous system, and retinal cell lines. However, organoid cell culture is perhaps making the most notable impact in research and drug discovery, in which 3D neuronal cell cultures allow direct modeling of cortical cell layering and neuronal circuit activity. Given the specific degeneration seen in discrete neuronal circuitry in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), HiPSC culture systems are proving to be a major advance. In the present review, the second part of a two-part review, we discuss novel methods in which 3D cell culture systems (principally organoids) are now being used to provide insights into disease mechanisms. (The use of HiPSCs in target identification was reviewed in detail in Part 1.)

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Forgacs, David. "Film Culture in Rome." Film Quarterly 61, no. 3 (2008): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2008.61.3.40.

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Baptaglin, Leila Adriana, and Vilso Junior Chierentin Santi. "AS INTERVENÇÕES ARTÍSTICAS URBANAS NO CIRCUITO DA ARTE EM RORAIMA E O POTENCIAL COMUNICATIVO DOS SABERES ARTÍSTICOS AMAZÔNICOS." Revista Observatório 4, no. 4 (June 29, 2018): 615–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2018v4n4p615.

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Discutir como as intervenções artísticas urbanas comunicam ao expectador Roraimense apresenta-se como o foco de discussão deste estudo.. Para dar conta desse objetivo, foram realizadas investigações teóricas pautadas na compreensão do cenário artístico contemporâneo, a partir dos estudos de Cauquelin (2005) e Cocchiarale (2004); e das especificidades roraimense, dando destaque à representação artística dos saberes locais, com os estudos de Gonçalves (2017) e Silva (2017). Em paralelo, trabalhamos com a apropriação dos conceitos de circuito da cultura de Johnson (1999) e Nessbaumer (2000), no sentido de estabelecer uma proposta de discussão acerca do que chamamos Circuito da arte. Este circuito nos possibilita entender os processos pelos quais a produção artística passam até chegar ao consumo pelo expectador. Desta forma, podemos perceber que a comunicação expressa pelas intervenções artísticas urbanas ainda é bastante insipiente, no que se refere a apropriação artística dos saberes locais roraimenses e amazônicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Intervenções artísticas urbanas; Saberes artísticos amazônicos; Circuito da cultura; Circuito da arte; Processos comunicacionais. RESUMEN Discutir cómo las intervenciones artísticas urbanas comunican al espectador Roraimense se presenta como el foco de discusión de este estudio. Para dar cuenta de ese objetivo, se realizaron investigaciones teóricas pautadas en la comprensión del escenario artístico contemporáneo, a partir de los estudios de Cauquelin (2005) y Cocchiarale (2004); Y de las especificidades roraimenses, dando destaque a la representación artística de los saberes locales, con los estudios de Gonçalves (2017) e Silva (2017). En paralelo, trabajamos con la apropiación de los conceptos de circuito de la cultura de Johnson (1999) y Nessbaumer (2000), en el sentido de establecer una propuesta de discusión acerca de lo que llamamos Circuito del arte. Este circuito nos permite entender los procesos por los cuales la producción artística pasa hasta llegar al consumo por el espectador. De esta forma, podemos percibir que la comunicación expresada por las intervenciones artísticas urbanas todavía es bastante insípida, en lo que se refiere a la apropiación artística de los saberes locales roraimenses y amazónicos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Intervenciones artísticas urbanas; Saberes artísticos amazónicos; Circuito de la cultura; Circuito del arte; Procesos comunicacionales. ABSTRACT Discussing how the urban artistic interventions communicate to the spectator Roraimense presents itself as the focus of discussion of this study. In order to achieve this objective, theoretical investigations were conducted based on the understanding of the contemporary artistic scene, based on the studies of Cauquelin (2005) and Cocchiarale (2004); And the specificities of Roraima, highlighting the artistic representation of local knowledge, with studies by Gonçalves (2017) and Silva (2017). In parallel, we work with the appropriation of the culture circuit concepts of Johnson (1999) and Nessbaumer (2000), in the sense of establishing a proposal of discussion about what we call Circuito da arte. This circuit enables us to understand the processes by which artistic production passes until consumption reaches the spectator. In this way, we can perceive that the communication expressed by the urban artistic interventions is still quite insipient, as far as the artistic appropriation of the roreimenses and Amazonian local knowledge is concerned. KEYWORDS: Urban artistic interventions; Amazonian artistic knowledge; Culture circuit; Circuit of art; Communicational processes.

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Lonský, Vladimír, Barbora Voxová, Jan Dominik, Jiří Manďák, Jaroslav Kubíček, Jaroslava Bímová, Dana Marková, and Pavla Matoulková. "How Long Can the Previously Assembled Cardiopulmonary Bypass Circuit Stay Sterile?" Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 41, no. 2 (1998): 91–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2019.171.

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The sterility of previously assembled cardiopulmonary bypass circuits was investigated for 100 extracorporeal circuits. The closed circuits were assembled using aseptic technique and remained in the pump room until time of use. The mean time from point of setup to point of priming for the 100 consecutive circuits was 32 hours, with a range of 19 to 89 hours. Circuits were primed with the calculated volume of priming solution, circulated for 5 minutes and tested for microbial contamination by withdrawing 20 ml of the priming solution and 10 days incubated in Thioglycolate and Sabouraud culture mediums. All were found to be free of microbial comtamination. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the sterility of the extracorporeal circuit, pre-assembled in advance of actual priming, can be maintained over an extended interval when standard aseptic technique is used. This allows the utilization of a pre-assembled circuit for emergency cardiopulmonary support.

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Delacroix, Sheila. "Conference Circuit: Culture keepers: Enlightening & empowering communities." College & Research Libraries News 53, no. 10 (November 1, 1992): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.53.10.638.

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Bell, Gladys Smiley. "Conference Circuit: Culture keepers: Today’s African American librarians." College & Research Libraries News 55, no. 9 (October 1, 1994): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crln.55.9.568.

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Tan, Vi Ean, Alan T. Evangelista, Dominick M. Carella, Daniel Marino, Wayne S. Moore, Nadji Gilliam, Arun Chopra, and Jeffrey J. Cies. "Sterility Duration of Preprimed Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 23, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-23.4.311.

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OBJECTIVES There is a lack of standardization and supporting data regarding the duration preassembled and preprimed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) circuits are expected to be sterile. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether preassembled and preprimed ECMO circuits could maintain sterility for a period up to 65 days. DESIGN Four ECMO circuits (2 neonatal/pediatric¼” and 2 adolescent/adult ⅜ ”) were assembled and primed under sterile conditions and maintained at room temperature. Culture samples were obtained from each circuit and plated within 1 hour. Culture samples were obtained on day 0 when assembled and primed then every 5 days up to day 65. Samples were plated on several different media including the following: blood agar plate: trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood, MacConkey agar, and thioglycollate broth then incubated at 35°C for 3 days. RESULTS All cultures obtained from the priming solution from of the¼” and ⅜ ” ECMO circuits produced no microbial or fungal growth for the 65-day study period. CONCLUSION These pilot data suggest preprimed ECMO circuits may maintain sterility for a period up to 65 days. Additional studies evaluating a larger number of ECMO circuits are needed to confirm these findings.

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Dickman, K. G., and J. L. Renfro. "Primary culture of flounder renal tubule cells: transepithelial transport." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 251, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): F424—F432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.251.3.f424.

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Renal proximal tubule cells from the winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) were maintained in a functionally differentiated state for up to 16 days in primary culture on floating collagen gels. The cells were confluent after 7-8 days in culture, contracted the collagen gels, and exhibited ciliary activity. Electron microscopy indicated that the cultures were composed of continuous sheets of columnar epithelial cells that had established structural polarity. When mounted in Ussing chambers, the cultures exhibited a small mucosa-negative potential difference (0.6 +/- 0.10 mV) and a low transepithelial resistance (23 +/- 2.3 omega X cm2). Short-circuit current averaged 24 microA/cm2. The cultured epithelium was four times more permeable to Na than to Cl and actively secreted sulfate and p-aminohippuric acid and reabsorbed hexoses. Glucose reabsorption was rheogenic and occurred via a high-affinity (Km = 0.16 mM), low-capacity (Vmax = 5 microA/cm2), phlorizin-sensitive transport system. We concluded that the cultured cells express many of the differentiated properties of the intact flounder proximal tubule and thus provide a suitable model system for studying renal transport processes.

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Lang, M. A., A. S. Preston, J. S. Handler, and J. N. Forrest. "Adenosine stimulates sodium transport in kidney A6 epithelia in culture." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 249, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): C330—C336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1985.249.3.c330.

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The effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists were examined in epithelia formed in culture by A6 cells, a continuous cell line derived from Xenopus laevis kidney. A6 epithelia have a high electrical resistance and a short-circuit current that is equal to net sodium flux from mucosal to serosal surface. Adenosine, 2-chloroadenosine, 5'-(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine, and N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl) adenosine produced concentration-dependent increases in short-circuit current. Stimulation of short-circuit current by 2-chloroadenosine occurred at concentrations of 0.05 microM and above, with half-maximal stimulation occurring at 0.3 microM. 5'-(N-ethyl)carboxamidoadenosine was more potent than N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine, the usual order of potency for activation of stimulatory adenosine receptors. Theophylline (100 microM), an adenosine receptor antagonist, reduced the short-circuit current response to adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine by 85-90%. Amiloride, an agent that inhibits both basal and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated short-circuit current in A6 epithelia, completely and reversibly inhibited short-circuit current stimulated by 2-chloroadenosine. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a crude membrane preparation from A6 cells. Stimulation by adenosine was blocked by adenosine deaminase. 2-Chloroadenosine increased cell cAMP accumulation in intact epithelia. The results provide evidence that adenosine and adenosine receptor agonists stimulate adenylate cyclase and active sodium transport in an epithelial cell line of renal origin.

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Tombleson, Bridget, and Katharina Wolf. "Rethinking the circuit of culture: How participatory culture has transformed cross-cultural communication." Public Relations Review 43, no. 1 (March 2017): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2016.10.017.

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Huertas, Gloria, Andres Maldonado, Alberto Yufera, Adoracion Rueda, and Jose Luis Huertas. "The Bio-Oscillator: A Circuit for Cell-Culture Assays." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 62, no. 2 (February 2015): 164–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2014.2386233.

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Champ, Joseph G. "Horizontal Power, Vertical Weakness: Enhancing the “Circuit of Culture”." Popular Communication 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2008): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15405700801977426.

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Schmidt, Thomas. "The circuit of culture: A model for journalism history." CM: Communication and Media 11, no. 38 (2016): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/comman11-9516.

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Borel Rinkes, Inne H. M., Mehmet Toner, Ronald G. Tompkins, and Martin L. Yarmush. "An Extracorporeal Microscopy Perfusion Chamber for On-Line Studies of Environmental Effects on Cultured Hepatocytes." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 116, no. 2 (May 1, 1994): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895711.

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The development of bioartificial-hybrid organ support systems is hampered by the lack of knowledge on the effects of different (in vivo) environments on cells during extracorporeal perfusion. In the present study, a perfusion chamber was designed for continuous monitoring of cultured cells during perfusion with media, as well as during plasma perfusion in an extracorporeal circuit. Chamber characterization showed satisfactory thermal and perfusion profiles and no major pH fluctuations. Further testing was performed with hepatocytes that were cultured in between two collagen layers, a configuration which was previously shown to preserve hepatocyte morphology and function for over six weeks of culture. Perfusion of the hepatocytes with culture media did not adversely affect cell morphology and function, provided the perfusion time was ≤ 48 hours. Perfusion of the cultures during connection of the chamber to an extracorporeal circuit involving normal rats for six hours resulted in reversible cytoplasmic changes, unaltered cell shapes indices, and a 40 percent increase in albumin secretion rate during the first post-perfusion day, followed by a return to stable control levels. We expect that this chamber will be a valuable tool for on-line studies of cells under (extracorporeal) perfusion conditions and could be used for a large variety of studies on regeneration, reperfusion damage, and detoxification.

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Cott, G. R. "Modulation of bioelectric properties across alveolar type II cells by substratum." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 257, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): C678—C688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.4.c678.

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Rat alveolar type II cells were cultured on collagen-coated filters (CCF) and human amnionic basement membrane (ABM) to determine the effect of culture substratum on the development of monolayer bioelectric properties. Monolayers cultured on both substrata rapidly developed bioelectric properties with similar time courses, monolayer capacitance values (approximately 1 muF/cm2), current-voltage relationships, and responses to stimulants and inhibitors of active ion transport. Increasing seeding densities tended to increase monolayer bioelectric properties regardless of culture substratum. Monolayers cultured on ABM had higher resistance values (491 vs. 291 omega.cm2) and lower short-circuit currents (2.85 vs. 4.51 muA/cm2) than monolayers with similar cell densities cultured on CCF. These differences in monolayer bioelectric properties were not due to differences in substratum resistance or capacitance effects. The relationships between monolayer bioelectric properties were also affected by the culture substratum. In additional experiments, cells cultured on contracted gels formed monolayers with high short-circuit currents (9.25 muA/cm2). Cell morphology varied depending on the culture substratum, with cells cultured on contracted gels appearing the most cuboidal, whereas the flattest and most attenuated cells were those cultured on ABM. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that culture substratum significantly affects the development of bioelectric properties across alveolar type II cell monolayers. In vivo the bioelectric properties across the alveolar epithelium may also vary with changes in cellular substratum or cell density (e.g., after acute lung injury) and possibly with cell morphology (e.g., alveolar type I vs. alveolar type II cells).

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Ishizaki, Ayaaki, and Kenji Tanaka. "Batch culture of Alcaligenes eutrophus ATCC 17697T using recycled gas closed circuit culture system." Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 69, no. 3 (January 1990): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338x(90)90041-t.

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Culp, D. J., D. K. Lee, D. P. Penney, and M. G. Marin. "Cat tracheal gland cells in primary culture." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 263, no. 2 (August 1, 1992): L264—L275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1992.263.2.l264.

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Conditions for the primary culture of isolated cat tracheal gland cells were established. Cells plated onto glutaraldehyde-fixed gels of rat tail collagen grew to confluency after 8 days of culture forming a monolayer of cuboidal cells with ultrastructural characteristics of epithelial cells and immunoreactivity to antikeratins. Cultured cells synthesized and released radiolabeled high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates. Glycoconjugate secretion was increased approximately 10% in response to the cholinergic agonist, carbachol. Secretion of glycoconjugates was unrelated to regulated exocrine secretion, since these cells were devoid of secretion granules as assessed by light and electron microscopy. Confluent cultures also generated a spontaneous potential difference and short-circuit current, which were both inhibited by ouabain and increased by carbachol. This suggested gland cells contribute to fluid secretion by active ion-transport mechanisms. We also plated cells onto unfixed collagen gels that were released from the culture dish at confluency. Cells were columnar with apically oriented secretion granules that stained with alcian blue and for blood group A immunoreactivity. Secretion of radiolabeled high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates was increased 27% by carbachol. These cell culture systems may serve as models to investigate glandular secretory mechanisms and their regulation.

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Sedlacek, Roger L., Ryan W. Carlin, Ashvani K. Singh, and Bruce D. Schultz. "Neurotransmitter-stimulated ion transport by cultured porcine vas deferens epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 281, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): F557—F570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.3.f557.

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A collagenase-based dissociation technique has been developed to routinely establish monolayer cultures of freshly isolated porcine vas deferens epithelium. Cells isolated from each tissue are transferred to 25-cm2 tissue culture flasks and grown in a standard cell culture medium. Flasks reach confluency in 3–4 days, and cells are subsequently seeded onto permeable supports. Cultured cells display a monolayer cobblestone appearance and are immunoreactive to anti-ZO-1 and anti-cytokeratin antibodies. Electron microscopy is employed to demonstrate the presence of junctional complexes and microvilli. When evaluated in modified Ussing chambers, cultured monolayers exhibit a basal lumen negative potential difference, high electrical resistance (>1,000 Ω · cm2), and respond to norepinephrine, vasopressin, ATP, adenosine, and histamine, with changes in short-circuit current indicative of anion secretion. Responses are significantly attenuated in Cl−- and/or HCO[Formula: see text]-free solutions. Attempts to further optimize culture conditions have shown that chronic exposure to insulin increases proliferation rates. Thus the culture method described will reliably produce viable neurotransmitter-responsive cell monolayers that will allow for the characterization of vas deferens epithelial function and associated control mechanisms.

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Bijl, Jan P., Dominique M. Rousseau, Daniel G. Dive, and Carlos H. Van Peteghem. "Potentials of a Synchronized Culture of Tetrahymena pyriformis for Toxicity Studies of Mycotoxins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 2 (March 1, 1988): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.2.282.

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Abstract A synchronized culture of Tetrahymena pyriformis is proposed for toxicity testing of mycotoxins. Toxicity is evidenced through a delay in the division of the synchronized culture. Newly developed equipment for the synchronization consists of a double-walled culture flask built in an alternating water circuit at 28°C (optimum) and 34°C (sublethal), respectively, controlled by a time switch. The cultures are used for the detection of 16 mycotoxins for which the detection threshold is given. Synchronous cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis appear to be very suitable for the detection of tr ichothecenes. Preliminary experiments on artificially contaminated corn samples demonstrate the possibility of prescreening of cereals,

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Ding, Yiyin, and Lee Thompson. "Re-evaluating the Beijing OlympicFuwamascots in the circuit of culture." Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science 2, no. 2 (August 2013): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21640599.2013.832867.

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Taylor, Bryan C., Christof Demont-Heinrich, Kirsten J. Broadfoot, Jefferson Dodge, and Cuowei Jian. "New Media and the Circuit of Cyber-Culture: Conceptualizing Napster." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 46, no. 4 (December 2002): 607–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4604_7.

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Belkaied-Guiga, Lamia. "Les Maisons de la culture comme alternative au circuit commercial." Africultures 101-102, no. 1 (2015): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afcul.101.0256.

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Elmezeny, Ahmed, and Jeffrey Wimmer. "Games without Frontiers: A Framework for Analyzing Digital Game Cultures Comparatively." Media and Communication 6, no. 2 (June 7, 2018): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i2.1330.

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Currently in game studies there is a gap in frameworks for comparatively researching game cultures. This is a serious shortcoming as it ignores the transcultural and transnational aspects of games, play and their cultures. Based on Hepp’s (2009) transcultural framework, and Du Gay, Hall, Janes, Mackay and Negus’s (1997) circuit of culture, this article proposes a structure to comparatively analyze game cultures. This procedural method comprises several steps determining specific contexts of game culture and their categories for comparison. Each step is illustrated with a case example. Finally, we recommend placing game cultures on a transnational spectrum, which helps in suggesting that many digital games express both local and international characteristics.

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Scherer, Jay, and Steven J. Jackson. "Cultural Studies and the Circuit of Culture: Advertising, Promotional Culture and the New Zealand All Blacks." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 8, no. 4 (November 2008): 507–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708608321577.

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Nurhasanah, Siti, and Chika Dewi. "THE EMERGENCE OF LOCAL COFFEE SHOPS IN INDONESIA AS A COUNTER TO AMERICAN CULTURE HEGEMONY." Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 6, no. 1 (November 21, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v6i1.61485.

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After winning World War II, the United States (US) tried to spread its hegemony in almost all aspects, including culture. Starbucks has become the biggest MNC belong to the US that spreads western culture in Indonesia. Starbucks, with its 326 outlets in Indonesia, has brought its new value to Indonesian society. In this paper, the writer would like to analyze the response of Indonesians in dealing with the cultural hegemony that Starbucks brings as the representation of the American culture. This paper uses library research as the data collection method and qualitative method in analyzing the data. The writer analyzes this case by applying the circuit of culture theory, which consists of 5 aspects: production, consumption, regulation, representation, and identity. The writer will focus on how local coffee shops adopt the management and production process from Starbucks applied in their coffee shops. The creativity of Indonesians has made new cultures are quickly adopted. The advent of Starbucks in Indonesia had stimulated the establishment of local coffee shops that are not less competitive with Starbucks as the giant coffee shop corporation. The local coffee shops can give a unique experience in enjoying a coffee just like Starbucks with its “Starbucks Experience”. The local coffee shops also can provide not only coffee, but also other products that might take the interest of customers. The local coffee shops are able to imitate, and modify Starbucks concept in local versions.Keywords: Starbucks; circuit of culture; production; local coffee; coffee culture

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Ayeni, Oluwadamilola. "The Dynamics of Circuit of Culture Model in Promoting Angelina Jolie’s Humanitarian Activities." Studies in Media and Communication 6, no. 2 (July 29, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v6i2.3493.

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This paper addresses the dynamics of Circuit of Culture model in relation to a celebrity’s publicity efforts at promoting humanitarian activities. This analysis presents the publicity activities of Angelina Jolie using theoretical frameworks of the circuit of culture model which are; dynamics of representation, construction, consumption, identity and regulation. This paper presents several modes and points through which this model applies to her personality and humanitarian activities. This provides a description of how publicity works, thereby validating the importance of the model in the planning publicity activities for both individuals and organisations. The author conducts a case study using the method of content analysis and explores several academic literatures, texts, videos and media tools that demonstrates publicity activities by this celebrity.This case study reveals that actions and activities embarked upon by Angelina Jolie depicts a clearer picture of how the circuit of culture model works. Each point on the model linking to one another and acting as tools to supporting the other.

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Terryn, Sara, François Jouret, Frank Vandenabeele, Inge Smolders, Marjan Moreels, Olivier Devuyst, Paul Steels, and Emmy Van Kerkhove. "A primary culture of mouse proximal tubular cells, established on collagen-coated membranes." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 293, no. 2 (August 2007): F476—F485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00363.2006.

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A simple method is described to establish primary cultures of kidney proximal tubule cells (PTC) on membranes. The permeable membranes represent a unique culture surface, allowing a high degree of differentiation since both apical and basolateral membranes are accessible for medium. Proximal tubule (PT) segments from collagenase-digested mouse renal cortices were grown for 7 days, by which time cells were organized as a confluent monolayer. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed structurally polarized epithelial cells with numerous microvilli, basolateral invaginations, and apical tight junctions. Immunoblotting for markers of distinct parts of the nephron demonstrated that these primary cultures only expressed PT-specific proteins. Moreover immunodetection of distinct components of the receptor-mediated endocytic pathway and uptake of FITC-albumin indicated that these cells expressed a functional endocytotic apparatus. In addition, primary cultures possessed the PT brush-border enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl-transferase, and a phloridzin-sensitive sodium-dependent glucose transport at their apical side. Electrophysiological measurements show that the primary cultured cells have a low transepithelial resistance and high short-circuit current that was completely carried by Na+ similar to a leaky epithelium like proximal tubule cells. This novel method established well-differentiated PTC cultures.

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Mrazikova, Anna, Renata Marcincakova, Jana Kadukova, Oksana Velgosova, and Magdalena Balintova. "Influence Of Used Bacterial Culture On Zinc And Aluminium Bioleaching From Printed Circuit Boards." Nova Biotechnologica et Chimica 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nbec-2015-0013.

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Abstract Bioleaching processes were used to solubilize metals (Cu, Ni, Zn and Al) from printed circuit boards (PCBs). In this study, a PCBs-adapted pure culture of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, pure culture of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and PCBs-adapted mixed culture of A. ferrooxidans and A. thiooxidans were used for recovery of the metals. The study showed that the mixed bacterial culture has the greatest potential to dissolve metals. The maximum metal bioleaching efficiencies were found to be 100, 92, 89 and 20% of Cu, Ni, Zn and Al, respectively. The mixed culture revealed higher bacterial stability. The main factor responsible for high metal recovery was the ability of the mixed culture to maintain the low pH during the whole process. The pure culture of A. thiooxidans had no significant effect on metal bioleaching from PCBs.

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Vardeman-Winter, Jennifer, and Katie Place. "Public relations culture, social media, and regulation." Journal of Communication Management 19, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcom-11-2013-0079.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how practitioner culture is maintained despite legal, technical, and educational issues resulting from the deluge of social media. The authors examined the nexus of practitioner culture, social media usage, and regulatory forces like policies, authority figures, and social norms. Design/methodology/approach – To explore practitioner culture, a cultural studies approach was used. Specifically, the circuit of culture model framed data analysis. The authors conducted qualitative interviews with 20 US public relations practitioners. Findings – Social media emerged as integral for cultural maintenance at every point in the circuit of culture. Practitioners expressed shared meanings about the regulations of social media as the reinvention of communication amidst growing pains; blurred public-private boundaries; nuanced rules of netiquette; and new systems of measurement and education. Research limitations/implications – The authors propose a regulation-formality hypothesis and regulation-identification articulations that should be considered in public relations practice, research, and education. Practical implications – Findings suggest best practices to help practitioners negotiate their personal identities and the identities of their organizations because of the unregulated nature of social media. Originality/value – This study fills the need for more qualitative, in-depth research that describes the cultural implications of social media in public relations to better address misunderstandings or gaps between its perceived effectiveness and actual use.

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SANT'ANA, RAQUEL. "Debates sobre o tecnobrega e indústria cultural em tempos de pós-fordismo * Debates on tecnobrega: culture industry in times of post-fordism." História e Cultura 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v2i2.1009.

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Resumo: As últimas décadas do século XX foram marcadas por uma profunda reestruturação produtiva que afetou também a chamada “indústria cultural”. No campo da música, a alegação de que haveria uma crise causada pela circulação de cópias ilegais marcou a reorganização do setor. Neste artigo, analiso o debate em torno do tecnobrega, circuito de música popular que foi transformado em modelo para a indústria fonográfica nacional. Essa construção discursiva contou com participação de imprensa, programas televisivos e análises acadêmicas, que construíram, aos poucos, uma imagem de que o gênero seria a superação da dicotomia centro versus periferia. Esse caso permite pensar algumas das novas configurações da indústria cultural no mundo pós-fordista.Palavras-chave: Tecnobrega – Indústria Fonográfica – Circuitos Musicais. Abstract: The last decades of the Twentieth Century were marked by a profound restructuring process that has also affected the so-called "culture industry". In the music field , the claim that there would be a crisis caused by the circulation of illegal copies marked the sector reorganization. This article analyses the debate on the tecnobrega circuit of popular music which has been transformed into a model for the Brazilian music industry. This discursive construction had debates in the press, television shows and academic analysis, which gradually built an image that such genre would be the breakthrough of the center versus periphery dichotomy. This case allows us to consider some of the new settings of the culture industry in the post-Fordist world.Keywords: Tecnobrega – Phonographic Industry – Music Circuits.

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Sharma, Pranav, Pinar Mesci, Cassiano Carromeu, Daniel R. McClatchy, Lucio Schiapparelli, John R. Yates, Alysson R. Muotri, and Hollis T. Cline. "Exosomes regulate neurogenesis and circuit assembly." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 32 (July 18, 2019): 16086–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902513116.

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Exosomes are thought to be released by all cells in the body and to be involved in intercellular communication. We tested whether neural exosomes can regulate the development of neural circuits. We show that exosome treatment increases proliferation in developing neural cultures and in vivo in dentate gyrus of P4 mouse brain. We compared the protein cargo and signaling bioactivity of exosomes released by hiPSC-derived neural cultures lacking MECP2, a model of the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome, with exosomes released by isogenic rescue control neural cultures. Quantitative proteomic analysis indicates that control exosomes contain multiple functional signaling networks known to be important for neuronal circuit development. Treating MECP2-knockdown human primary neural cultures with control exosomes rescues deficits in neuronal proliferation, differentiation, synaptogenesis, and synchronized firing, whereas exosomes from MECP2-deficient hiPSC neural cultures lack this capability. These data indicate that exosomes carry signaling information required to regulate neural circuit development.

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Trento, Francisco. "Queering the Ghosts of Typicality: The Disruptive Potential of Fabian Ludueña’s Philosophy." Open Cultural Studies 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2020-0007.

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AbstractAccording to the philosopher Fabián Ludueña, before biopolitics, Rome and Greece put in motion the zoopolitics of an Anthropotechnical machine. The practice of expositio is the foundational zoopolitical human gesture. It consisted of leaving new-born children exposed at street markets to be sold as slaves, or in nature, left to survive (or die). The spectres of those body-minds still haunt our onto-epistemologies: by creatively fabulating with Ludueña’s work, I suggest looking back to the broken chains of the production of able bodies instead of perpetuating the reproductive futurity. Ludueña’s work investigates how and why the figure of the spectre gradually disappeared from the discursive milieu, and why it needs to be brought back into the spotlight. Its potential resides in its existence between binary categories like God and human, man and animal, male and female. It queers, defying epistemological boundaries, what it means to be dead or alive. Melanie Yergeau employs the term “neuroqueer” to talk about the non-neurotypical and queer subjectivities that are a continuum of indiscernibility and are violently dislodged into binary categories. In the conclusion, I argue for operationalising the concept of the spectre to help to short-circuit the able-neurotypical and heteronormative futurism, looking back to the ghosts of the exposed children.

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D'Abaco, Giovanna M., Cristiana Mattei, Babak Nasr, Emma J. Hudson, Abdullah J. Alshawaf, Gursharan Chana, Ian P. Everall, Bryony Nayagam, Mirella Dottori, and Efstratios Skafidas. "Graphene foam as a biocompatible scaffold for culturing human neurons." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171364.

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In this study, we explore the use of electrically active graphene foam as a scaffold for the culture of human-derived neurons. Human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cortical neurons fated as either glutamatergic or GABAergic neuronal phenotypes were cultured on graphene foam. We show that graphene foam is biocompatible for the culture of human neurons, capable of supporting cell viability and differentiation of hESC-derived cortical neurons. Based on the findings, we propose that graphene foam represents a suitable scaffold for engineering neuronal tissue and warrants further investigation as a model for understanding neuronal maturation, function and circuit formation.

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Franklin A, Benjamin, and Sasilatha T. "Changing the Electrical Safety Culture." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v9.i1.pp93-96.

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Electrical wellbeing - Where were we yesterday? Where are we today? Where will we be later on? The wellbeing society is proceeding to advance to give a more secure workplace to individuals working around electrical hardware. To enhance electrical security, it takes sense of duty regarding consistent change of the electrical wellbeing society. New musings and thoughts to enhance electrical wellbeing are basic. This paper addresses how function hones have changed after some time and prescribes thoughts to overhaul the current electrical culture. To change the current security culture new thoughts should be produced to cause higher execution in electrical wellbeing for all individuals presented to electrical risks. New circuit testers take in great and unfortunate propensities from more experienced circuit testers. Human execution depends on a mix of information, abilities, and educated practices. Convictions can be affected through perceptions and collaborations with different experts. The estimation of value mentorship conveys a high level of obligation to guarantee legitimate wellbeing rehearses is taken after. Almost no exertion has been given to preparing the nonelectrical labourers that are presented to electrical risks. Preparing for non-electrical labourers is a missing component in the present electrical security culture. A principal contention in this paper is that culture speaks to the entirety of what is regularly adequate without examination. The way of life is likewise determined by regular perception and experience. With a specific end goal to change the way of life there must be a redefinition of what is satisfactory, trailed by noticeable changes that everybody can understanding and watch. Administration possesses culture since it sets what is passable and satisfactory. Accordingly, the fate of electrical wellbeing will rely upon how well administration comprehends the hazard and results of electrical work and their duty in moulding and owning electrical security strategies. Enter components tended to in this paper incorporate human execution, innovation changes, adjusting to change, actualizing new thoughts to enhance security and how staff changes inside an enterprise can influence wellbeing execution.

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Aroch Fugellie, Paulina. "Citation as Exchange Value." Open Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 383–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/culture-2018-0035.

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Abstract This article focuses on the interplay between correlated textual subject positions, insofar as they are differently legitimated across the New International Division of Labour (NIDL). In examining the academic system of referencing or invocation, I will pay particular attention to how it functions as a circuit of value production in the cultural domain. Marx’s theory of value production will be used as an exegetic tool to locate the workings of economic power in the referential apparatus of the contemporary academy, showing how Third-World symbolic production is undervalued despite its existence, since economic conditions retroactively foreclose the validation of Third-World intellectual and artistic production as cultural capital. As a case study, I will analyse some of the citation strategies of postcolonial theorist Anthony Appiah in In My Father’s House, which operates within the presupposition that textual subject positions (the place of enunciation in particular) are made available only to privileged subjects in the extra-textual world. Appiah’s methodology opens up what I call a circumscribed redistribution of cultural capital across the NIDL. Hence, I take In My Father’s House not only as an object of analysis but also as a critical source to understand how value production mediates academic writing, allowing Appiah’s conceptualization of the relationship between textual and social subjects to inform my own.

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Rommen, Timothy. "Some Cold Facts about Circuits and Circuit Breakers." Safundi 14, no. 4 (October 2013): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17533171.2013.841062.

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Nishitani, Yoshi, Chie Hosokawa, Yuko Mizuno-Matsumoto, Tomomitsu Miyoshi, Hajime Sawai, and Shinichi Tamura. "Detection of M-Sequences from Spike Sequence in Neuronal Networks." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/862579.

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In circuit theory, it is well known that a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) circuit generates pseudorandom bit sequences (PRBS), including an M-sequence with the maximum period of length. In this study, we tried to detect M-sequences known as a pseudorandom sequence generated by the LFSR circuit from time series patterns of stimulated action potentials. Stimulated action potentials were recorded from dissociated cultures of hippocampal neurons grown on a multielectrode array. We could find several M-sequences from a 3-stage LFSR circuit (M3). These results show the possibility of assembling LFSR circuits or its equivalent ones in a neuronal network. However, since the M3 pattern was composed of only four spike intervals, the possibility of an accidental detection was not zero. Then, we detected M-sequences from random spike sequences which were not generated from an LFSR circuit and compare the result with the number of M-sequences from the originally observed raster data. As a result, a significant difference was confirmed: a greater number of “0–1” reversed the 3-stage M-sequences occurred than would have accidentally be detected. This result suggests that some LFSR equivalent circuits are assembled in neuronal networks.

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Armstrong, J., T. Matainaho, E. J. Cragoe, G. J. Huxham, J. R. Bourke, and S. W. Manley. "Bidirectional ion transport in thyroid: secretion of anions by monolayer cultures that absorb sodium." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 262, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): E40—E45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1992.262.1.e40.

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Cultured porcine thyroid cell monolayers transport Na+ in an apical-to-basal direction, resulting in the development of a basal-positive transepithelial potential difference (TEP) and the formation of domes (fluid-filled elevations of the cell layer above the culture dish substrate). Stimulation by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increases the magnitude of the TEP, the short-circuit current (Isc) measured in Transwell Ussing chambers, and the height of domes in cultures grown on impermeable substrates. A phenamil-resistant, PGE2-stimulated component of the Isc in Transwells and of the TEP in monolayers in conventional culture dishes was inhibitable by bumetanide, a diuretic drug that blocks NaKCl2 symporters, mediating active transport of Cl-. The rate of decrease in height of domes in cultures after addition of phenamil, presumably indicative of transport of fluid in a basal-to-apical direction, was also reduced by bumetanide. Studies with Transwells in Cl(-)-free, HCO(3-)-free or Cl(-)- and HCO(3-)-free media indicated that thyroid cells transported HCO3- as well as Cl- in a basal-to-apical direction. It was concluded that the thyroid epithelium is both sodium absorbing and anion secreting.

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Loreta, Angelia, and Abhirama S. Perdana. "EAT TO YOUR HEART’S CONTENT, BUT…: #TUMPUKDITENGAHMOVEMENT AND THE CIRCUIT-OF-CULTURE." ICCD 1, no. 1 (November 21, 2018): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33068/iccd.v1i1.4.

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A campaign called #TumpukDiTengah Movement is an encouragement for people to stack their plates and cutleries after they have done eating their meals. It went viral when Ceritera, a storytelling agency based in Jakarta, posted a video entitled Memperkenalkan “GerakanTumpuk Di Tengah” on their YouTube channel, Ceriteranya, on November 10, 2017. The video was shared through social media platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and Twitter; The methodology used in this research are literature review, video analysis, and an in-depth interview. This research seeks answers on how #TumpukDiTengah Movement campaign was created, distributed, and accepted by the audience discussed by using the framework of Circuit of Culture. Interestingly, this research found the campaign was initiated and promoted by the creative director himself, Edward Suhadi as he was taught by his mother to do so. Edward Suhadi and team aimedto influence and change the public's behavior by one simple act. The video itself was distributed through several platforms mentioned before, accepted by the audience in three different responses: preferred readings audience, negotiated readings audience, and oppositionalreadings audience. The gap of this research is there is no research about #TumpukDiTengah Movement using Circuit of Culture framework was found and few people relate the theory with campaign process.

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Southam, Katherine A., Anna E. King, Catherine A. Blizzard, Graeme H. McCormack, and Tracey C. Dickson. "Microfluidic primary culture model of the lower motor neuron–neuromuscular junction circuit." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 218, no. 2 (September 2013): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.06.002.

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Naito, Toyohito, Noritada Kaji, Manabu Tokeshi, Takuya Kubo, Yoshinobu Baba, and Koji Otsuka. "Hydrodynamic nonadhesive cell retention in a microfluidic circuit for stressless suspension culture." Analytical Methods 7, no. 17 (2015): 7264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00485c.

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Cell collection based on deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) and cell circulation with a loop channel are two component technologies for stressless cell retention which have been developed with a view to working toward suspension culture in a microfluidic channel.

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Valentich, J. D., and J. N. Forrest. "Cl- secretion by cultured shark rectal gland cells. I. Transepithelial transport." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 260, no. 4 (April 1, 1991): C813—C823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.4.c813.

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To facilitate analysis of the regulation of epithelial Cl- transport by hormones, neurotransmitters, and autocrine mediators, we have developed a primary monolayer culture system for shark rectal gland (SRG) epithelial cells. Cultures exhibit vigorous transcellular Cl- secretion which can be measured using short-circuit current or 36Cl flux methods. Transport is markedly reduced by bumetanide or barium, inhibitors of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransport and K+ channels, respectively. This indicates that Cl- secretion by SRG monolayers occurs by a mechanism similar to that described in numerous native Cl- secretory epithelia. Forskolin, 10 microM 2-chloroadenosine, or vasoactive intestinal peptide, potent secretagogues in the isolated perfused SRG, stimulate Cl- secretion by SRG cultures. Submicromolar concentrations of 2-chloroadenosine, which inhibit Cl- secretion in the native SRG, reduce forskolin-stimulated short-circuit current in SRG cultures. Somatostatin, another inhibitor of Cl- secretion by the native SRG, reduces forskolin-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate accumulation in SRG cultures. These results demonstrate that SRG cultures are fully responsive to mediators which activate or inhibit secretion by the native epithelium.

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Olmo, Alberto, Yaiza Yuste, Juan Alfonso Serrano, Andres Maldonado-Jacobi, Pablo Pérez, Gloria Huertas, Sheila Pereira, Alberto Yufera, and Fernando de la Portilla. "Electrical Modeling of the Growth and Differentiation of Skeletal Myoblasts Cell Cultures for Tissue Engineering." Sensors 20, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113152.

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In tissue engineering, of utmost importance is the control of tissue formation, in order to form tissue constructs of clinical relevance. In this work, we present the use of an impedance spectroscopy technique for the real-time measurement of the dielectric properties of skeletal myoblast cell cultures. The processes involved in the growth and differentiation of these cell cultures in skeletal muscle are studied. A circuit based on the oscillation-based test technique was used, avoiding the use of high-performance circuitry or external input signals. The effect of electrical pulse stimulation applied to cell cultures was also studied. The technique proved useful for monitoring in real-time the processes of cell growth and estimating the fill factor of muscular stem cells. Impedance spectroscopy was also useful to study the real-time monitoring of cell differentiation, obtaining different oscillation amplitude levels for differentiated and undifferentiated cell cultures. Finally, an electrical model was implemented to better understand the physical properties of the cell culture and control the tissue formation process.

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Hertz, Garnet, and Jussi Parikka. "Zombie Media: Circuit Bending Media Archaeology into an Art Method." Leonardo 45, no. 5 (October 2012): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00438.

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This text is an investigation into media culture, temporalities of media objects and planned obsolescence in the midst of ecological crisis and electronic waste. The authors approach the topic under the umbrella of media archaeology and aim to extend this historiographically oriented field of media theory into a methodology for contemporary artistic practice. Hence, media archaeology becomes not only a method for excavation of repressed and forgotten media discourses, but extends itself into an artistic method close to Do-It-Yourself (DIY) culture, circuit bending, hardware hacking and other hacktivist exercises that are closely related to the political economy of information technology. The concept of dead media is discussed as “zombie media”—dead media revitalized, brought back to use, reworked.

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Arndt, Grant P. "Circuits of Culture." Visual Anthropology 23, no. 4 (July 15, 2010): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08949468.2010.485077.

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Bartley, Aundrea F., Z. Josh Huang, Kimberly M. Huber, and Jay R. Gibson. "Differential Activity-Dependent, Homeostatic Plasticity of Two Neocortical Inhibitory Circuits." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 4 (October 2008): 1983–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90635.2008.

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Chronic changes in neuronal activity homeostatically regulate excitatory circuitry. However, little is known about how activity regulates inhibitory circuits or specific inhibitory neuron types. Here, we examined the activity-dependent regulation of two neocortical inhibitory circuits—parvalbumin-positive (Parv+) and somatostatin-positive (Som+)—using paired recordings of synaptically coupled neurons. Action potentials were blocked for 5 days in slice culture, and unitary synaptic connections among inhibitory/excitatory neuron pairs were examined. Chronic activity blockade caused similar and distinct changes between the two inhibitory circuits. First, increases in intrinsic membrane excitability and excitatory synaptic drive in both inhibitory subtypes were consistent with the homeostatic regulation of firing rate of these neurons. On the other hand, inhibitory synapses originating from these two subtypes were differentially regulated by activity blockade. Parv+ unitary inhibitory postsynaptic current (uIPSC) strength was decreased while Som+ uIPSC strength was unchanged. Using short-duration stimulus trains, short-term plasticity for both unitary excitatory postsynaptic current (uEPSCs) and uIPSCs was unchanged in Parv+ circuitry while distinctively altered in Som+ circuitry—uEPSCs became less facilitating and uIPSCs became more depressing. In the context of recurrent inhibition, these changes would result in a frequency-dependent shift in the relative influence of each circuit. The functional changes at both types of inhibitory connections appear to be mediated by increases in presynaptic release probability and decreases in synapse number. Interestingly, these opposing changes result in decreased Parv+-mediated uIPSCs but balance out to maintain normal Som+-mediated uIPSCs. In summary, these results reveal that inhibitory circuitry is not uniformly regulated by activity levels and may provide insight into the mechanisms of both normal and pathological neocortical plasticity.

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Baert, Y., I. Ruetschle, W. Cools, A. Oehme, A. Lorenz, U. Marx, E. Goossens, and I. Maschmeyer. "A multi-organ-chip co-culture of liver and testis equivalents: a first step toward a systemic male reprotoxicity model." Human Reproduction 35, no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 1029–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa057.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Is it possible to co-culture and functionally link human liver and testis equivalents in the combined medium circuit of a multi-organ chip? SUMMARY ANSWER Multi-organ-chip co-cultures of human liver and testis equivalents were maintained at a steady-state for at least 1 week and the co-cultures reproduced specific natural and drug-induced liver–testis systemic interactions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Current benchtop reprotoxicity models typically do not include hepatic metabolism and interactions of the liver–testis axis. However, these are important to study the biotransformation of substances. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Testicular organoids derived from primary adult testicular cells and liver spheroids consisting of cultured HepaRG cells and hepatic stellate cells were loaded into separate culture compartments of each multi-organ-chip circuit for co-culture in liver spheroid-specific medium, testicular organoid-specific medium or a combined medium over a week. Additional multi-organ-chips (single) and well plates (static) were loaded only with testicular organoids or liver spheroids for comparison. Subsequently, the selected type of medium was supplemented with cyclophosphamide, an alkylating anti-neoplastic prodrug that has demonstrated germ cell toxicity after its bioactivation in the liver, and added to chip-based co-cultures to replicate a human liver–testis systemic interaction in vitro. Single chip-based testicular organoids were used as a control. Experiments were performed with three biological replicates unless otherwise stated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The metabolic activity was determined as glucose consumption and lactate production. The cell viability was measured as lactate dehydrogenase activity in the medium. Additionally, immunohistochemical and real-time quantitative PCR end-point analyses were performed for apoptosis, proliferation and cell-specific phenotypical and functional markers. The functionality of Sertoli and Leydig cells in testicular spheroids was specifically evaluated by measuring daily inhibin B and testosterone release, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Co-culture in multi-organ chips with liver spheroid-specific medium better supported the metabolic activity of the cultured tissues compared to other media tested. The liver spheroids did not show significantly different behaviour during co-culture compared to that in single culture on multi-organ-chips. The testicular organoids also developed accordingly and produced higher inhibin B but lower testosterone levels than the static culture in plates with testicular organoid-specific medium. By comparison, testosterone secretion by testicular organoids cultured individually on multi-organ-chips reached a similar level as the static culture at Day 7. This suggests that the liver spheroids have metabolised the steroids in the co-cultures, a naturally occurring phenomenon. The addition of cyclophosphamide led to upregulation of specific cytochromes in liver spheroids and loss of germ cells in testicular organoids in the multi-organ-chip co-cultures but not in single-testis culture. LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The number of biological replicates included in this study was relatively small due to the limited availability of individual donor testes and the labour-intensive nature of multi-organ-chip co-cultures. Moreover, testicular organoids and liver spheroids are miniaturised organ equivalents that capture key features, but are still simplified versions of the native tissues. Also, it should be noted that only the prodrug cyclophosphamide was administered. The final concentration of the active metabolite was not measured. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This co-culture model responds to the request of setting up a specific tool that enables the testing of candidate reprotoxic substances with the possibility of human biotransformation. It further allows the inclusion of other human tissue equivalents for chemical risk assessment on the systemic level. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by research grants from the Scientific Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (scientific fund Willy Gepts) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Y.B. is a postdoctoral fellow of the FWO. U.M. is founder, shareholder and CEO of TissUse GmbH, Berlin, Germany, a company commercializing the Multi-Organ-Chip platform systems used in the study. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

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Guzun, Mihail. "MASS MEDIA AND POLITICAL CULTURE." Moldoscopie, no. 1(92) (June 2021): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1812-2566.2021.1(92).14.

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In the context of recent political realities, the issue of “political culture” is becoming a major issue, both in practical terms, ie the way “how it translates into life” and conceptually. The notion as such was introduced into the scientific circuit by the contemporary American political scientist Herman Finer (1956) and developed by Gabriel A. Almond and Sidney Verba (1963). The mission of training the political culture has been undertaken by several institutions and organizations in the public segment, the media sector having the role of monitoring and knowledge of the processes that occur in various areas of socio-political and economic life, training the new democratic values of liquidation of the handicap that the “new democracies” have in correlation with the developed countries. In this study, the author aims to identify the extent to which the press, especially in the Republic of Moldova, fulfills its role as a trainer of political culture.

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Ferrara, N., D. K. Fujii, P. C. Goldsmith, J. H. Widdicombe, and R. I. Weiner. "Transport epithelial characteristics of cultured bovine pituitary follicular cells." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 252, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): E304—E312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1987.252.3.e304.

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Confluent monolayers of polygonal epithelioid cells were obtained from enzymatically and mechanically dispersed bovine anterior pituitaries (AP) and pars tuberali (PT). The ultrastructure of the cells composing the monolayer was consistent with the follicular or folliculostellate cells (FC) of the pituitary, i.e., lack of secretory granules; formation of follicles in culture; interdigitations with neighboring cells with numerous tight junctions; presence of extensive microfilaments; and sparse rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Culture media from monolayers of first passage cultures contained little if any of the AP hormones' luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and ACTH. Shortly after reaching confluency, regions of the monolayer bulge away from the surface of the culture dish to form domes. Dome formation has been described only with cultures of cells that function as transport epithelia in vivo. FC cultured on polycarbonate filters were placed in Ussing chambers. A transepithelial potential difference of approximately 1.1 mV and a resistance greater than 300 omega cm2 were detectable 4–5 days after plating. The short-circuit current (Isc) was decreased 70% by amiloride applied to the mucosal surface and further decreased by the addition of ouabain at the serosal surface. The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol increased the Isc and this action was prevented by a beta-antagonist. These observations indicate that pituitary FC in culture behave as a transport epithelium. Considering the organization of FC in the AP and PT, they suggest a regulatory role for FC in the maintenance of the ionic composition of the interstitial fluid of the pituitary gland.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Circuit de la culture'

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