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Journal articles on the topic 'Circular monopole antenna'

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1

Ghorbani, Mehdi, and Habib Ghorbaninejad. "A Novel Ultrawideband Gear-Shaped Dielectric Ring Resonator Antenna." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (July 12, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8069873.

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In this study, a novel ultrawideband (UWB) dielectric ring resonator (DRR) antenna has been proposed. DRR antennas include a single monopole antenna in the center of a ground plane and a dielectric with a symmetric structure around the monopole. This structure will lead to ultrawide band antenna. However, it is still possible to enhance the antenna bandwidth. In this study, we combine the DRR structure with an array antenna. The proposed antenna includes a circular array of four triangle resonators, which is rotated around the center of the triangle base to form a gear-shaped ring resonator antenna. In this design, characteristics of all these antennas are combined to enhance the antenna bandwidth including triangular dielectric resonator, circular array antenna, dielectric ring resonator structure, and a quarter-wave electric monopole. Triangular dielectric resonator antennas are wideband and in small size. Ring resonator antennas are inherently ultrawideband. Quarter-wave electric monopole and circular array structure can also enhance antenna bandwidth. This novel shape of the DRR antenna possesses the wider impedance bandwidth compared to similar works. Impedance bandwidth is 150% (5.2–36.1 GHz), and the bandwidth ratio is 1 : 6.9, which is much greater than earlier reports.
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2

Choi, Sang Won, and Youngje Sung. "Simple Dual-Feed Dual-Circular Polarization Antenna with High Isolation." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 23, no. 2 (2023): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2023.2.r.155.

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A dual-feed antenna system with circular polarization (CP) diversity and high isolation is proposed in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of two bent monopole antennas and an isosceles triangular partial GND on a single layer. To simply design an antenna with dual-feed dual-CP characteristics, CP bandwidth (BW) is optimized based on a single antenna. The proposed antenna is structurally different from conventional antennas in three ways. Structural asymmetry is realized by bending the shape of the antenna and moving the position, and thus good CP characteristics are obtained. The feeding structure is changed from a linear type to a meander type. As a result, a single monopole antenna has a CP BW of 36%. Next, an antenna system with dual-CP characteristics is introduced by implementing two monopole antennas on a single layer. In this structure, the resonant frequency is controlled by the antenna geometrical parameters, and the null frequency at S21 is controlled by the distance between the two antennas. The measured results show that the CP BW of the proposed antenna is 40.6% (1.51–2.28 GHz). The measured isolation is below -20 dB within the operating BW.
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3

Li, Wei, Ying Suo, Jing Hui Qiu, and Xiao Wei Liu. "Research on Plasma Monopole Antenna and its Wideband Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.158.

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A kind of wideband plasma monopole antenna is proposed, such as circular plasma monopole antenna based on circular monopole theory. The impedance and radiation characteristics of this antenna are simulated. The results show that the band width with return loss below-10dB of the circular plasma monopole antenna can get 123%.
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4

Chen, Xiaodong, Jianxin Liang, Pengcheng Li, and Choo C. Chiau. "UWB Electric and Magnetic Monopole Antennas." African Journal of Information & Communication Technology 2, no. 1 (2006): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajict.v2i1.6.

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This paper summarizes our recent advances in antenna designs for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. Two types of monopoles are studied and developed in our research group. The first type belongs to the electric monopole with a circular disc fed by three different feeding structures. The second type is the magnetic monopole with an elliptical slot. The performances of these two types of antennas are evaluated in both frequency and time domains. The important design parameters for achieving optimal operations are also analyzed. It is shown that both electric and magnetic monopoles can provide ultra wide bandwidth with nearly omni-directional radiation patterns over the entire frequency band. In addition, the impulse responses of the selected antennas are shown to correspond well to the frequency domain characteristics.
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5

Boyapati, Bharathidevi, and Jayendra Kumar. "Parasitic Element Based Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna with Dual Wideband Characteristics for Wireless Applications." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 10, no. 6 (2022): 10–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i6.5619.

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A Microstrip Frequency Reconfigurable circular patch slot antenna for switchable Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, and satellite communication applications is analyzed and presented in this work. The optimized overall size of 47 mm x40 mmx1.6 mm is utilized in the design, and which can cover wide range of frequencies below 10 GHz. In the initial phase, different monopole antennas are designed with various shapes of same size and later parasitic patch elements has been added to those monopole antennas. The circular monopole driven element and parasitic element are connected with a PIN diode, and which reinforced in achieving frequency reconfigurability. The proposed antenna is resonating at various frequencies of 2.4 GHz, 4 GHz, and 8.4 GHz when the diode in ON condition and resonating at 3 GHz, 5.4 GHz, and 8.4 GHz when the diode is in OFF condition. The performance of the designed antenna prototype is scaled and differentiated with the results of simulation and found good matching with respect to performance characteristics.
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6

Sundar, P. Syam, Sarat K Kotamraju, B. T. P. Madhav, et al. "Parasitic Strip Loaded Dual Band Notch Circular Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (2016): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.10529.

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In this article a parasitic strip loaded monopole antennas are designed to notch dual and triple bands. The designed models are constructed on one side of the substrate material and on the other end defected ground structures are implemented. The basic antenna comprises a tuning stub and a ground plane with tapered shape slot as DGS. Another model is constructed with circular monopole radiating element on front side and similar kind of ground structure used in the basic rectangular tuning stub antenna. To create notched bands with tuning stubs, two symmetrical parasitic slits are placed inside the slot of the ground plane. The basic model is of the rectangular stub notching triple band and the circular tuning stub antenna notching dual band. Dual band notched circular tuning stub antenna is prototyped on FR4 substrate and measured results from vector network analyzer are compared with simulation results of HFSS for validation.
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7

Sundar, P. Syam, Sarat K Kotamraju, B. T. P. Madhav, et al. "Parasitic Strip Loaded Dual Band Notch Circular Monopole Antenna with Defected Ground Structure." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (2016): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.pp1742-1750.

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In this article a parasitic strip loaded monopole antennas are designed to notch dual and triple bands. The designed models are constructed on one side of the substrate material and on the other end defected ground structures are implemented. The basic antenna comprises a tuning stub and a ground plane with tapered shape slot as DGS. Another model is constructed with circular monopole radiating element on front side and similar kind of ground structure used in the basic rectangular tuning stub antenna. To create notched bands with tuning stubs, two symmetrical parasitic slits are placed inside the slot of the ground plane. The basic model is of the rectangular stub notching triple band and the circular tuning stub antenna notching dual band. Dual band notched circular tuning stub antenna is prototyped on FR4 substrate and measured results from vector network analyzer are compared with simulation results of HFSS for validation.
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8

Chin, S. J., M. Z. A. Abd Aziz, and M. R. Ahmad. "Microstrip-Fed Circular Disc Monopole Antenna with Defected Waveguide Structure." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp189-197.

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This paper presented the microstrip-fed circular disc monopole antenna with defected waveguide structure. First, the microstrip-fed circular disc monopole antenna was designed. Next, the monopole antenna was designed with waveguide and lastly followed by the defected waveguide structure where the uniplanar compact (UC) structure was used. CST Microwave studio software was used for simulation and parametric studies process. Initially, the microstrip-fed circular disc monopole antenna was designed to achieve return loss less than -10dB for wideband frequencies. Then, the gain and directivity was improved with the integration of waveguide. The highest directivity of 11.38dBi found at 13.5GHz. However, low efficiency and narrower bandwidth were obtained. Next, uniplanar compact defected waveguide structure (UC DWS) was designed at inner surface of waveguide. The bandwidth achieved 3.09GHz where it covered from 10.91GHz to 14GHz. Meanwhile, the directivity maintained higher than the monopole antenna with highest directivity of 8.84dBi at 10GHz. The gain was also improved from 11GHz to 14GHz with highest gain of 6.38dB occurred at 13.5GHz.
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9

S., J. Chin, Z. A. Abd. Aziz M., and R. Ahmad M. "Microstrip-Fed Circular Disc Monopole Antenna with Defected Waveguide Structures." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 1 (2018): 189–97. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i1.pp189-197.

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This paper presented the microstrip-fed circular disc monopole antenna with defected waveguide structure. First, the microstrip-fed circular disc monopole antenna was designed. Next, the monopole antenna was designed with waveguide and lastly followed by the defected waveguide structure where the uniplanar compact (UC) structure was used. CST Microwave studio software was used for simulation and parametric studies process. Initially, the microstrip-fed circular disc monopole antenna was designed to achieve return loss less than -10dB for wideband frequencies. Then, the gain and directivity was improved with the integration of waveguide. The highest directivity of 11.38dBi found at 13.5GHz. However, low efficiency and narrower bandwidth were obtained. Next, uniplanar compact defected waveguide structure (UC DWS) was designed at inner surface of waveguide. The bandwidth achieved 3.09GHz where it covered from 10.91GHz to 14GHz. Meanwhile, the directivity maintained higher than the monopole antenna with highest directivity of 8.84dBi at 10GHz. The gain was also improved from 11GHz to 14GHz with highest gain of 6.38dB occurred at 13.5GHz.
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10

Zadeh, H. Ebrahim, Ch Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia. "Circular Multifractal UWB monopole antenna." IEICE Electronics Express 7, no. 10 (2010): 717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/elex.7.717.

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11

Song, C. T. P., P. S. Hall, H. Ghafouri-Shiraz, and D. Wake. "Multi-circular loop monopole antenna." Electronics Letters 36, no. 5 (2000): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000361.

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12

Liang, Xian-Ling, Shun-Shi Zhong, and Wei Wang. "UWB printed circular monopole antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 48, no. 8 (2006): 1532–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.21687.

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13

Palantei, Elyas, Arif Hidayat, Wardi Wardi, et al. "6 Monopole Elements Array Intelligent Antennas for IoT Based Environmental Surveillance Network." EPI International Journal of Engineering 3, no. 2 (2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082020.06.

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Three types of 6 monopoles array intelligent antennas was numerically and practically examined. The main purposes of the investigation is to guarantee that those designed antennas are feasible to implement and to install in a particular IoT based environmental surveillance network configuration. The basic differences of the three intelligent antennas lied on the frequency operations (i.e. 433 MHz, 875-915 MHz and 2.5 GHz) and the actual environment operations (whether for indoor or outdoor). The extreme differences of such frequency operations, of course, affecting the differences on the whole antenna physical dimension. The higher the frequency operation determined then the smaller the physical size of the designed antennas produced. However, the deep intelligent antenna evaluations presented in the paper is the one that operated on frequency band of 875 -915 MHz. The intelligent electronic part of six monopole wire elements arrayed on a circular ground plate was composed of LoRa chip module, Android Uno microcontroller, and the switching network part. The three parts determined whole antenna operation throughout the IoT network. The results of whole antenna examinations are thoroughly discussed in the paper.
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14

Rustamov, Asad, Elshan Hashimov, Tural Muradov, Ruslan Hashimov, and Mukhtar Azizullayev. "ANALYSIS OF ANTENNA SYSTEM MODELING WITH THE HELP OF SIMULATION TECHNOLOGY OF NAVIGATION EQUIPMENTS." Advanced Information Systems 9, no. 2 (2025): 36–43. https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2025.2.05.

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In this paper, a new coplanar waveguide CPW (Coplanar Waveguide) fed circular waveguide for ultra-wideband UWB (Ultra WideBand) applications using High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software is presented. A comparison of modeling and simulations of disk monopole antenna is presented. The purpose of the research is to first determine the geometric parameters and material properties of the antenna, and then perform simulations using HFSS and CST programs. The task of the research is to evaluate the performance by modeling a new coplanar waveguide-fed circular disk monopole antenna for ultra-wideband applications and to compare the results obtained from these two electromagnetic simulation tools. Modeling of a new coplanar waveguide-fed circular disc monopole antenna for ultra-wideband applications used planar patterns and a coplanar waveguide-fed circular disc monopole antenna providing a wide frequency range. Antenna modeling method was used to solve the problem. High-frequency structure simulator and computer simulation technology have been widely used in microwave studio programs, accuracy in solving electromagnetic problems and antenna modeling. The following results were obtained. High frequency structural simulator and Computer simulation technology has been implemented between 2.3 GHz and 12 GHz. Key parameters such as reflection coefficient (S11), directivity pattern and gain coefficient were analyzed to evaluate the antenna performance. As a result of the research, a circular disk monopole antenna printed on a dielectric layer and fed by a 50 Ω coplanar waveguide on the same layer is digitally shown to provide an omnidirectional directivity pattern over the entire frequency range.
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15

Lwin, Zaw, and Thae Aye. "A rhomboid-shaped printed monopole antenna for wideband circular polarization." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 3 (2021): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2103385l.

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This paper presents the design of a wideband circularly-polarized printed monopole antenna with a rhomboid shape. The rhomboid-shaped patch is fed by a microstrip line offset from the center to generate circular polarization (CP). The ground plane configuration is optimized for wide bandwidth operation. Bandwidth (satisfying both 10-dB return loss and 3-dB axial ratio) of 76% (1.92 - 4.27 GHz) is achieved in this research. The size of the proposed antenna is 0.386 2 0 l (55?66 mm2) where ?0 is the free space wavelength which corresponds to the center frequency of the bandwidth. The antenna has a fractional bandwidth-size ratio (BW/size) of 1.97 which is higher than most CP monopole antennas in the literature. This antenna is suitable for Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and other wireless applications which outperform using circular polarization.
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16

Yuanqing, Zhao, Qiu Jinghui, and Wang Wei. "Design of Monopole Antenna Based on Fractal Geometry." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/352126.

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This paper presents a circular disc monopole antenna based on fractal geometry. The antenna is designed to be applied in UWB systems. So it is essential to ensure that the bandwidth of the antenna ranges from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, that is, IEEE 802.15.3a. However, the proposed antenna has achieved working in the required bandwidth. Compared to the antennas illustrated in most similar literatures, the proposed antenna has a much smaller size, which makes the antenna possible to be integrated with portable devices. Firstly, the antenna was designed through CST Microwave Studio. Then, the antenna was fabricated according to the simulated results. At last, the comparison between the simulated results and measured results was carried out which demonstrated good consistency.
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17

Jabire, Adamu Halilu, Anas Abdu, Salisu Sani, Sani Saminu, Aliu Uba Taura, and Mohammed Olatunji Obalowu. "Modal Analysis of a Circular Slot Monopole Antenna for UWB application." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 18, no. 3 (2019): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n3.186.

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In this study, a wideband double slot antenna is introduced. The proposed monopole antenna is designed using the theory of characteristic mode for slot monopoles. A circular shape is used as the initial design stage, to enhance the bandwidth, two circular slots are employed. Four modes have been excited to gain a physical insight and to find out which mode is dominant. The design and analysis were completed utilizing both the time domain and multilayer solver in CST 2017, without considering the feeding port. An antenna model in UWB frequency is constructed. Experimented and simulated results shows that the proposed planar structure has a wide impedance width with good radiation characteristics.
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18

Zubair, Muhammad, and Muhammad Moinuddin. "Joint Optimization of Microstrip Patch Antennas Using Particle Swarm Optimization for UWB Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/649049.

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Ultra wideband (UWB) systems are the most appropriate for high data rate wireless transmission with low power consumption. However, the antenna design for UWB has been a challenging task. Moreover, it is always desirable to have more freedom by designing different shape antennas with identical characteristics so that they can be used in either transmitter or receiver depending on other physical constraints such as area. To tackle these issues, in this paper, we have investigated a joint optimization of three different shape-printed monopole antennas, namely, printed square monopole antenna, printed circular monopole antenna and printed hexagonal monopole antenna, for UWB applications. More specifically, we have obtained the optimized geometrical parameters of these antennas by minimizing the mean-square-error for desired lower band edge frequency, quality factor, and bandwidth. The objective of joint optimization is to have identical frequency characteristics for the aforementioned three types of PMA which will give a freedom to interchangeably use them at either side, transmitting or receiving. Moreover, we employ particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for our problem as it is well known in the literature that PSO performs well in electromagnetic and antenna applications. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed design.
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19

Alekhya, B., L. Anjaneyulu, A. Hrushitha Reddy, K. Suman, and T. Vikram. "Design and Development of Conformal Body Centric Antenna for WBAN Application." International Journal of Scientific Methods in Engineering and Management 02, no. 03 (2024): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.58599/ijsmem.2024.2301.

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In this paper, a conformal body centric antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications is discussed. These designs are low-cost, low-profile circular and ring-shaped monopole antennas. Operational frequency of antenna is range from 2.5–10.6 GHz to meet the requirements of WBAN systems. The antenna is intended to be body- centric and conformal, which means for best performance, it is placed close to the body and conforms tothe shape of the human body. The radiation patterns are measured at 2.5 Ghz frequency. The substrate used for design is FR-4. The simulation results show that the proposed antenna has good impedance matching, a broad bandwidth of 122 MHz, and a gain of 4.8 db. The radiation pattern of the antenna is omnidirectional, which is desirable for wireless communication applications. Monopole antenna is designed and simulated using the Ansys EDT (HFSS) software. The monopole antennas are also fabricated in real time with proposed specifications. The proposed antenna can be used in various wireless communication systems such as WLAN, RFID, and Bluetooth, where low cost, compact size and critical design are considered.
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20

Wu, Chuan, Lei Han, Feng Yang, Liangyi Wang, and Peng Yang. "Broad beamwidth circular polarisation antenna: microstrip-monopole antenna." Electronics Letters 48, no. 19 (2012): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2012.1559.

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21

Rahim, Sharul Abdul, Sh Danesh, Uche Anicetus Okonkwo, Mursyidul Sabran, and Mohsen Khalily. "UWB monopole antenna with circular polarization." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 54, no. 4 (2012): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.26741.

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22

Vavrík, Ferdinand, and Jozef Hallon. "Frequency shift of the minimal magnitude of reflection coefficient in antenna array." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 1 (2019): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0009.

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Abstract The paper present a study of frequency shift of the reflection coefficient minimal absolute value dependence on antenna spacing in linear and circular arrays. The spacing of CB-band monopole antenna was in the range of 0.015 to 0.12 multiples of the antenna working wavelength. Number of elements in the antenna arrays ranged from two to four. Frequency dependence of minimal absolute value of the reflection coefficient was obtained by simulations and also experimentally confirmed in anechoic chamber. The research showed two facts. First, mutual impedance has the higher impact when antenna spacing is comparable with the reactive near field region. Second, circular antenna arrays are a better choice in applications for a small number of antennas with that spacing.
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23

Elsheakh, Dalia M., and Amr M. E. Safwat. "Compact 3D USB dongle monopole antenna for mobile wireless communication bands." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, no. 6 (2014): 639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000245.

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Three-dimensional compact volume internal antenna for universal serial bus (USB) dongle that covers hexa operating bands is proposed in this paper. The volume of the proposed USB dongle is 15×20×4 mm3; it is based on two connected monopoles, one of them is semi-circular monopole ended by three unit cells of meander-line and the other is a bent monopole with four unit cells of high-impedance wire. The proposed antenna is realized on a printed circuit board to reduce the fabrication costs. The coupling between the antenna elements broadens the operating bandwidth, which includes most of the wireless commercial service bands, GSM850/GSM900/UMTS/GSM1800/GSM1900/WCDMA2100/802.11b/g/LTE2600 (824–2690 MHz) as well as 802.11a/n (5150–5825 MHz). The antenna's simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.
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24

Abdelraheem, Ahmed M., and Mahmoud A. Abdalla. "Compact curved half circular disc-monopole UWB antenna." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 2 (2015): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714001524.

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This paper introduces a compact modified semi-circular monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna. A compact antenna size (4.3 × 3.4 cm2) compared to the typical coplanar waveguide (CPW) circular monopole antenna (5.5 × 4 cm2) is achieved. The proposed antenna is completely proven for UWB communication performance. The antenna is matched over 8.4 GHz bandwidth (2.2–10.6 GHz), with reflection coefficient lower than −10 dB over the band. Matching bandwidth is verified through simulation and measurements of VSWR. Efficient power radiation over the band is proven through radiation efficiency. Radiation efficiency is not lower than 81% at the upper end of the band. Omnidirectional characteristics are proven through, firstly, measured transfer function magnitude at three different configurations, Face-to-Face, Face-to-Side, and Side-by-Side (all frequencies at different orientations), and, secondly, measured radiation pattern at three selected frequencies that span the bandwidth (all orientations at different frequencies). Moreover, the ability of the antenna to support, as narrow pulses as, 0.25 ns omnidirectionally is proven through detailed study for time response. Antenna transfer function is measured for magnitude and phase. Then, a first-order Raeighly pulse, that fulfils the FCC mask for emission restrictions, is applied at the terminals of a UWB system of the proposed UWB antenna. Finally, the output, barely distorted, normalized, pulse is compared to the input pulse.
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25

Ragheb, Hassan, Shady El-Aal, Afaf Saad, and Ahmed Zaalouk. "Dual-Band Printed Monopole Antenna Design." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 10 (2020): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351009.

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Design procedure of a high gain dual-band printed monopole antenna, resonating at 2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz, is presented. The proposed design meets the specifications required by WI-FI, WIMAX and radio frequency identification (RFID) reader applications. Our design utilizes Rogers RT/Duroid 5880(tm) substrate, and the major radiation element is an annular circular patch shape. The design was improved by adding a face-to-face fork shape metal inside the annular circular patch. The antenna feed consists of a microstrip line and a slotted transformer section for matching purpose. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and the measurements of the return loss and antenna radiation pattern were performed. The comparison between the results obtained from the simulation and the measurements showed an excellent agreement.
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26

Beigi, Payam, Yashar Zehforoosh, Mirhamed Rezvani, and Javad Nourinia. "Evaluation of a compact triangular crinkle-shaped multiband antenna with circular polarized for ITU band based on MADM method." Circuit World 45, no. 4 (2019): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-04-2019-0040.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a new triangular crinkle-shaped multiband antenna for multiband operation. Design/methodology/approach This paper refers to increasing the number of resonance frequency by appending triangular crinkle. Experimental frequency results of the presented antenna are 1.60/2.80/4.00/5.80/7.12/8.32/10.06 GHz. Findings The triangular shaped antenna is manufactured on a low-priced FR-4 substrate with small size and tested. The reported antenna with full size 14 × 14 mm2 with a half elliptical ground sheet on the bottom plane of the substrate and a triangular crinkle strip patch in the front of the substrate. The reported antenna has dual polarized, by rectangular slits on the ground sheet can produce the CP radiation on ITU band. The radiation characteristics indicate the mentioned antenna plays good task for multiband structures. Simulation and measured consequences are in desirable agreement and refer to agreeable operation for the introduced antenna. Originality/value Also, an evaluation is done based on multiple attribute decision-making method for comparison the proposed monopole antenna with some previously presented multiband monopole antennas.
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27

Jayaraman G., Indrasen Singh, and Dilip Kumar Choudhary. "Minimised Four-Port MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz and Satellite Applications." Defence Science Journal 75, no. 3 (2025): 318–24. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.20900.

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The design and analysis of a four-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) configuration antenna have been discussed in this work. Firstly, a single-element antenna has been designed using a monopole feedline, split ring resonators (SRR), and Defective Ground Structures (DGS). The SRRs were designed using rectangular and circular configurations and analysed their characteristics. The DGS is used to enhance the bandwidth of the proposed single-element antenna. Further four port MIMO configurations have been designed using four single-element antennas. To enhance the isolation, antennas are placed orthogonally to each other in MIMO configuration. The coupling between the monopole feedline and SRR plays a vital role in enhancing the impedance matching of the antenna configuration. The proposed MIMO antenna provides improved gain, high isolation, and compactness in size. The diversity performance matrices such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain), Mean effective gain and total active reflection coefficient are <0.01, >9.95 dB, -1.0, and <-10 dB, respectively, which meets the performance criterion of the MIMO antenna. The designed four-port MIMO antennas can be used in sub-6 GHz (3.3 to 3.8 GHz) and fixed satellite television data services (10.7 to 14.5 GHz) applications.
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28

Li, Rongqiang, Chuan Wu, Xiaofeng Sun, Yuan Zhao, and Wei Luo. "An EBG-Based Triple-Band Wearable Antenna for WBAN Applications." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (2022): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111938.

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In this article, a triple-band wearable monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with an integrated electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) array is proposed. The monopole antenna consists of an asymmetric inverted U-shaped strip, a horizontal branch, and an L-shaped ground stub, which can generate the 2.45/5.8 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) band and the 3.5 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) band. To reduce the influence of antenna radiation on the human body, a triple-band 3 × 3 EBG array has been integrated into the back of the monopole antenna. The EBG unit is composed of two rectangular rings and a circular ring, and the operating frequencies correspond to the triple bands of the monopole antenna. In this paper, the impedance and radiation performances of the stand-alone monopole antenna and the integrated antenna are analyzed, and the safety for the human body is evaluated based on specific absorption rate (SAR) values. The proposed triple-band antenna can be used in wearable devices in wireless body area networks (WBANs).
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29

Alagarsamy, Manjunathan, Vijay Mathiyazhagan, Dinesh Paramathi Mani, Malarvizhi Chitrakannu, Balaji Vignesh Lappasi Kannan, and Kannadhasan Suriyan. "Circular slot antenna for triband application." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 11, no. 3 (2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v11.i3.pp226-232.

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We recommend a circular monopole antenna (CMPA) with a central feed to operate in three bands. The antenna is circular and has an 8cm diameter. The suggested antennas' resonance frequency ranges are 2.43 GHz, 5.24 GHz, and 9.61 GHz. The planned CMPA is made up of two circle-shaped slots cut into the radiating patch. The whole structure is supplied via a microstrip feed line and analysed using CST Studio's electromagnetic simulator, which is based on finite integral technique (FIT). To check the structure, the return loss, radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and gain are all examined. The structure's ideal dimensions are determined using a parametric study of three factors: feed position, feed breadth, and ground size. The proposed CMPA is capable of operating in several bands and has good matching impedance in all of them.
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30

Manjunathan, Alagarsamy, Mathiyazhagan Vijay, Paramathi Mani Dinesh, Chitrakannu Malarvizhi, Vignesh Lappasi Kannan Balaji, and Suriyan Kannadhasan. "Circular slot antenna for triband application." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 11, no. 3 (2022): 226–32. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v11.i3.pp226-232.

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We recommend a circular monopole antenna (CMPA) with a central feed to operate in three bands. The antenna is circular and has an 8 cm diameter. The suggested antennas' resonance frequency ranges are 2.43 GHz, 5.24 GHz, and 9.61 GHz. The planned CMPA is made up of two circle-shaped slots cut into the radiating patch. The whole structure is supplied via a microstrip feed line and analysed using CST Studio's electromagnetic simulator, which is based on finite integral technique (FIT). To check the structure, the return loss, radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and gain are all examined. The structure's ideal dimensions are determined using a parametric study of three factors: feed position, feed breadth, and ground size. The proposed CMPA is capable of operating in several bands and has good matching impedance in all of them.
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31

Lu, Ping, Zhiwei Liu, Enpu Lei, Kama Huang, and Chaoyun Song. "Superdirective Wideband Array of Circular Monopoles with Loaded Patches for Wireless Communications." Sensors 23, no. 18 (2023): 7851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23187851.

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A wideband superdirective array, composed of a two-element circular monopole configuration, is introduced. The monopoles are placed in close proximity, facing each other on a metal ground. To ensure good matching at high frequencies, two pairs of elliptical patches are added to the sides of the monopoles, enhancing the surface current of the circular patch for wideband performance. To achieve equal amplitude excitation and the desired phase difference, a wideband power divider with a phase shifter is designed to feed the antenna array. Simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the proposed wideband antenna array, operating within the frequency range of 2.94–7.93 GHz, exhibits a maximum directivity of 8.36–10 dBi, with an antenna efficiency ranging from 47.86 to 83.18% across the bandwidth. The proposed array has the advantages of miniaturization, high directivity and wideband operation and can be widely used in various portable wireless communication systems, including WLAN (5.05–5.9 GHz), ISM (5.725–5.875 GHz), 5G communication (3.3–3.8 GHz), etc.
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32

Sahal, Madhuri, Dinesh Yadav, Deepak Bhatnagar, and Manish Tiwari. "A Modified-square Slot Antenna with Circular Polarization Characteristics for Military Band Applications." Electronics ETF 26, no. 2 (2022): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53314/els2226046s.

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In this work, the design and performance of a circularly polarized (CP) antenna designed using characteristic modal analysis (CMA) for military band application is presented. The substrate used is single-sided glass-reinforced epoxy and the antenna dimensions are 37×37×1.6 mm 3 . The antenna is compact, low-profile, circular polarized having an ARBW of around 500 MHz (center frequency 4.6 GHz). A coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed monopole antenna is used for excitation of the modified-square slot antenna that incorporates quarter section of circular symmetrical patches on the four corners. A stub orthogonal to the CPW fed monopole capacitively tunes the low Q mode as identified by CMA technique to shift to a lower frequency to create degenerate modes in military band for circular polarization generation. The 3-dB AR bandwidth of the antenna is in the frequency range 4.43- 4.9 GHz and measured value of impedance bandwidth is 3.33 GHz. The fractional ARBW and impedance BW are 10.07 % and 61.6 % respectively. The peak antenna gain in the CP frequency band is 3.75 dBic. The proposed antenna exhibits good polarization purity, the minimum axial ratio is 1.38 at 4.6 GHz. The broad circular polarized antenna is suited for military applications covering the frequency range 4.43-4.9 GHz.
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33

Dong, Yu, Hong Lu, and Xing Chen. "A Novel Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Wearable Antenna." Micromachines 15, no. 5 (2024): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi15050588.

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A circularly polarized wearable antenna operating in the 2.45/5.8 GHz ISM dual bands is proposed, which consists of a coplanar waveguide-fed rectangular monopole antenna and two parasitic branches. The monopole rectangular radiation patch can generate 2.45 and 7 GHz frequency bands and has linear polarization characteristics. By adding L-shaped parasitic branches and L-like grounded branches on both sides of the monopole, the 7 GHz operating frequency band can be moved to the 5.8 GHz frequency band, and circular polarization characteristics can be achieved in both the 2.45 and 5.8 GHz frequency bands. The size of the antenna is 48.7 mm × 42.1 mm × 1.016 mm. The simulated −10 dB impedance bandwidths of the antenna are 1.8–2.66 GHz and 5.48–6.98 GHz, respectively. The 3 dB axial ratio bandwidths are 2.34–2.67 GHz and 5.58–6.39 GHz, respectively, and it has dual-band circular polarization characteristics. In addition, the radiation characteristics of the antenna and its safety performance near the human body were analyzed. The antenna prototype has been constructed, and the measurement and simulation results have good consistency. The proposed antenna is suitable for application in wearable devices.
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34

More, P., A. Patil, G. Patil, K. Thakur, and D. Marathe. "UWB Circular Fan-Shaped Monopole Patch Antenna." International Journal of Wireless and Microwave Technologies 11, no. 2 (2021): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijwmt.2021.02.04.

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35

Mondal, S., and P. P. Sarkar. "Wideband Bidirectional Planar Shorted Circular Monopole Antenna." Procedia Technology 4 (2012): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2012.05.066.

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36

Ebrahimzadeh aghdam, Helaleh, Ch Ghobadi, and J. Nourinia. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Circular Multifractal Multiband Monopole Antenna." Wireless Personal Communications 57, no. 2 (2010): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-010-0181-7.

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37

Chen, Bo, Yong-Chang Jiao, Feng-Chao Ren, and Li Zhang. "BROADBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA WITH WIDEBAND CIRCULAR POLARIZATION." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 32 (2012): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl12032807.

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38

Saraswat, Kapil, Trivesh Kumar, and A. R. Harish. "A corrugated G-shaped grounded ring slot antenna for wideband circular polarization." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 12, no. 5 (2020): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719001624.

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AbstractIn this paper, a wideband circularly polarized corrugated G-shaped grounded ring slot antenna is presented. The proposed antenna structure is excited using a coplanar waveguide-fed monopole antenna, which is placed inside a corrugated G-shaped grounded ring. Due to the asymmetry in the ground plane, two orthogonal modes, having equal magnitude and out of phase by 90° are excited, resulting in circular polarization (CP). The generation of the CP in the proposed antenna structure is explained using thin dipole current element approximation. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results exhibit a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 37.6% (2.22–3.25 GHz), and reflection coefficient bandwidth (|S11| ≤ −10 dB) of 47.91% (2.13–3.47 GHz). Additionally, the design guidelines are also presented for G-shaped grounded ring slot antennas.
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39

Hamza, Aven Rawf, and Asaad M. Jassim Al-Hindawi. "The Effecting of Human Body on Slotted Monopole Antenna in Wearable Communications." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 2 (2021): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.02.03.

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In this paper, the characteristics of microstrip monopole antennas are studied firstly in free space. Secondly, the effects of the human body on the studied antenna's performance are investigated for wearable communications. Different patch shapes of microstrip monopole antenna are chosen to operate at two bands: industrial scientific and medical band (ISM) and ultra-wideband (UWB) for wearable applications. The studied antenna consists of a radiating element on one side of the substrate and a partial ground plane on the other side. The antenna is supposed to fabricate on cloth fabric whose relative dielectric constant is Ɛr =1.7. At the same time, the pure copper could be used as the conducting part representing both the radiating monopole and the partial ground plane. The software program of Computer Simulation Technology (CST) for Microwave Studio (MWS) is utilized to simulate the studied antennas. The obtained results have illustrated that in the free space, the proposed antennas of slotted hexagonal, rectangular, and circular shapes can operate from 2-12 GHz and of the bandwidth of 10.31 GHz, 10.19 GHz, and 9.67 GHz, respectively. The hexagonal antenna is selected and proposed to investigate the effects of the human body on its performance. The human body is simulated, and its effects on the performance of the proposed antenna are studied. The reflection coefficient, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), gain, and efficiency are found over that frequency range. The simulated results indicate that the human body effects are significant, and the proposed antenna showed to be a good candidate for wearable communications.
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40

Vanka, Saritha, Tanmayi Seedrala, and Jhansi Rani Areti. "Analysis and Design of a Multi Octave Circularly Polarized Monopole Antenna for UWB, X and Ku-Band Applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.4 (2018): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.4.16751.

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This work presents a circularly polarized, CPW-Fed multi band operating monopole antenna. The monopole antenna consists of three parasitic elements, along with a stub at ground for impedance matching. The parasitic elements so far accumulated have shown their excellence in increasing the impedance bandwidth over the 6-18GHz band. The antenna was carved on FR-4 epoxy substrate which result a copper clad laminated structure. The CPW-Fed monopole antenna exhibits excellent circular polarization levels in the frequency region 6-18GHz. The simulation resulted a Return loss of less than -10dB, with good axial ratio less than -3dB over entire band of interest. The simulation was carried out through HFSS microwave studio. The antenna measured values are in good correspondence to the simulated values.
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41

Mishra, Prasan, Tapan Patnaik, Bhavani Panda, and Rabindra Mishra. "A compact high gain UWB planar monopole antenna using circular slots." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, no. 2 (2024): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee2402201m.

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In this manuscript, the design of a compact-size circular patch Ultra- Wideband (UWB) antenna with enhanced fractional bandwidth (BW), peak realized gain (PRG), and proper impedance matching is presented. The modified antenna has three circular slots etched from the circular path (top), fed by a 50? microstrip feed line. These circular slots play a significant role in improving the impedance bandwidth. Additionally, the partial ground plane with a slot integrated with a rectangular stub is used in order to achieve a bandwidth for an operating range of 3.25 GHz - 27 GHz. The proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested in the laboratory in order to validate with simulation data. The designed antenna size is 25 mm ? 20 mm ? 0.508 mm. The experimental value of 10 dB return loss absolute/fractional BW of 23.75 GHz/157.08% at the center frequency, minimum/ maximum gain of 5.90/12.05 dBi, and maximum /minimum radiation efficiency of 85/97 % are achieved from the 3.25 GHz to 27 GHz frequency range. In addition, a comparison table is provided to prove the state-of-the-art of the antenna?s design. The proposed antenna is suitable for wireless services, radar, and satellite communication.
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42

Pan, Yong, Zi Ye Hou, Jiang Xiong, and Kai Hua Liu. "A Novel Triple-Band Monopole Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/RFID Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.154.

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A miniaturized multi-frequency antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna can generate three separate impedance bandwidths to cover all the 2.4/5.8 GHz WLAN/RFID operating bands and the 2.5/3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The proposed microstrip-fed antenna mainly consists of a circular ring, four semicircular rings, a rectangle strip, and a defected ground plane. By adding four semicircular rings in the circular ring, the antenna excites two resonant modes and is with miniaturization structure. Because of the introduction of the cambered ground plane with an circular-defect, the third wide band with better impedance matching is obtained. A prototype is experimentally tested, and the measured results show good radiation patterns and enough gains across the operation bands.
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43

A., Sowmya G., Akshtha Kamath, Anala Keshava, Om Prakash Kumar, Shweta Vincent, and Tanweer Ali. "A circular monopole patch antenna loaded with inverted L-shaped stub for GPS application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (2020): 1950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2357.

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This article introduces a planar monopole patch antenna for global positioning system (GPS) application. Our design has a circular patch with a stub of inverted L-shape which is used as the radiating portion and partial ground. Our proposed design of the stub allows the antenna to operate at a frequency of 1.5 GHz. The circular monopole is fed by an offset feeding to have an impedance match of 50 ohms. The compact antenna has been designed and simulated on RT Duroid 6006 material with relative permittivity ( ) of 6.15 and 0.0019 as the loss tangent. Our antenna has a dimension of 65 × 55 × 2.54 mm3 . A gain of 1.23 dB is observed at the resonant frequency of 1.5 GHz and the antenna exhibits dipole like radiation pattern both in E and H-plane. The antenna has better impedance matching, good gain and steady characteristics of radiation pattern across the operating bandwidth. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) v.13.0 is used to carry out all the simulations.
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44

Zhuang, Huawei, Fei Li, Wei Ding, et al. "A Triple-Band Microstrip Antenna with a Monopole Impedance Converter for WLAN and 5G Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (April 5, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3339240.

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In this study, a triple-band microstrip antenna with compact size and simple structure is proposed for WLAN and 5G applications. The radiating element consists of a circular patch, a Y-shaped patch, and a monopole impedance converter. In order to obtain the desired operating bands, the monopole impedance converter is inserted between the circular patch and Y-shaped patch. The proposed antenna can work in the frequency range of 2.38∼2.53 GHz, 3.29∼4.11 GHz, and 4.72∼5.01 GHz, with the corresponding peak gains of 4.09 dBi (2.4 GHz), 2.95 dBi (3.5 GHz), and 4.01 dBi (4.9 GHz), respectively. The measures’ results are in approximate agreement with the simulated values, which shows that the proposed compact antenna can offer omnidirectional radiation, appropriate gains, and sufficient bandwidths.
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45

Andrade-Gonzalez, Edgar Alejandro, Mario Reyes-Ayala, José Ignacio Vega Luna, Hilario Terres-Peña, René Rodríguez Rivera, and Sandra Chávez Sánchez. "Fractal Monopole Antenna based on Tree Fractal for Future Bands 5G." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS 24 (March 18, 2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.37394/23204.2025.24.1.

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This article shows the design and simulation of a broadband antenna based on a circular microstrip monopole using a Duroid substrate with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 1.27 mm. The simulations of this article were carried out using Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The antenna geometry presents replicas of the monopole following the tree fractal distribution. The S11 scattering, current distribution, and the radiation pattern were carried out. The antenna presented shows bandwidth for the new 5G FR2 band operation.
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46

Elsheakh, Dalia M., and Esmat A. Abdallah. "Ultra-wide-bandwidth (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna using split ring resonator (SRR) structure." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 1 (2018): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717001131.

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This paper presents a procedure to model an ultra wide-bandwidth (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna. The proposed antenna is composed of three different lengths of semi-circular shapes connected with circular disk and half circular modified ground plane. The proposed antenna has a size of 50 × 50 mm2on a low-cost FR4 substrate. The antenna demonstrates impedance bandwidth of −10 dB extended from 1.5 to 11 GHz with discontinuous bandwidth at different interior operating bands. Two pairs of split ring resonator as metamaterial structure cells are inserted closely located from feeding transmission line of the antenna to achieve good impedance matching over the entire band of operation and improve the antenna performance. The fundamental parameters of the antenna including reflection coefficient, gain, radiation pattern and group delay are obtained and they meet the acceptable UWB antenna standard. High-frequency structure simulator ver. 14 is used as full-wave electromagnetic solver then the prototypes are fabricated and measured. Results show that the antenna is very suitable for the applications in UWB as well as wireless communication systems.
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47

M., Chandrasekhar, and Raja M.Suneel. "A Compact Integrated Small Disk Monopole Antenna with DGS for Wireless Applications." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 1677–79. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C5480.029320.

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The structure of a compact Micro strip feed circular monopole antenna working in the frequency range of (2.5GHz-4GHz) and wideband of frequency ranging from 4.9GHz to 19.93GHz is proposed in this paper. Using a circular radiating monopole with terrible ground wideband frequency operation is possible. Two frequency bands can be accomplished by separating the middle part of the patch and further engraving a circular arc r=4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02 was utilized to realize and simulate this antenna. It can be operated in both the frequency bands 2.5-4GHz and 4.9-19.93GHz [wideband] possessing less than -10dB reflection coefficient. The whole WB and also in the low-frequency band as mentioned above shows a sturdy radiation pattern.
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48

Sowmya, G. A., Kamath Akshtha, Keshava Anala, Prakash Kumar Om, Vincent Shweta, and Ali Tanweer. "A circular monopole patch antenna loaded with inverted L-shaped stub for GPS application." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 9, no. 5 (2020): 1950–57. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v9i5.2357.

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This article introduces a planar monopole patch antenna for global positioning system (GPS) application. Our design has a circular patch with a stub of inverted L-shape which is used as the radiating portion and partial ground. Our proposed design of the stub allows the antenna to operate at a frequency of 1.5 GHz. The circular monopole is fed by an offset feeding to have an impedance match of 50 ohms. The compact antenna has been designed and simulated on RT Duroid 6006 material with relative permittivity () of 6.15 and 0.0019 as the loss tangent. Our antenna has a dimension of 65 × 55 × 2.54 mm3. A gain of 1.23 dB is observed at the resonant frequency of 1.5 GHz and the antenna exhibits dipole like radiation pattern both in E and H-plane. The antenna has better impedance matching, good gain and steady characteristics of radiation pattern across the operating bandwidth. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) v.13.0 is used to carry out all the simulations.
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49

Amit Arjun Deshmukh. "A Semi-Circular Polygonal Monopole Antenna for Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Applications." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 41s (2025): 913–20. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i41s.8017.

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In this paper, a new semi-circular polygonal monopole antenna with partially grounded plane to cater the needs of next generation mobile navigation is proposed. The designed semicircular polygonal slot radiator provides desired S11 parameter’s greater than -10 dB in the UWB frequency range. As for the proposed antenna, it has been designed on an FR4 substrate with a dimension of 30 x 28 x 1.6 mm. It is used in the frequency bandwidth of 3.3GHz to 13.4 GHz. At 4 GHz, 5.3 GHz, 6 GHz, 8 GHz the design has reciprocal radiation that can be described as omnidirectional. Thus, the antenna provides a bandwidth of gain in a range of 3.0-6.5dB. In this study, development of a compact printed rectangular monopole antenna suitable UWB application is proposed because it possesses several benefits such as small size in terms of antenna dimension, enhanced impedance matching, relatively ease of fabrication, and high gain.
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50

Nakprasit, Krittaya, Arnon Sakonkanapong, and Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich. "Elliptical Ring Antenna Excited by Circular Disc Monopole for UWB Communications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (February 17, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8707182.

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This research proposes a compact elliptical ring antenna excited by a circular disc monopole (CDM) for ultra-wideband (UWB) communications. In the study, time- and frequency-domain pulse distortions of the antenna in the transmission mode were characterized by magnitude and phase of the antenna transfer function (Hrad). The results showed that the gain and magnitude of Hrad in the boresight direction are sufficiently flat with linear phase response. The average antenna gain is 3.9 dBi over the UWB spectrum. The antenna also exhibits low pulse distortion with the correlation factors (ρ) of 0.98 and 0.93 for the fifth-order derivative Gaussian pulse and modulated Gaussian pulse with 6 GHz band rejection. The CDM-excited elliptical ring antenna possesses several attractive features, including wide bandwidth, flat gain, compactness, low cost, and low distortion.
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