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Journal articles on the topic 'Circular separation dimension'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Loeb, Sarah J., and Douglas B. West. "Fractional and circular separation dimension of graphs." European Journal of Combinatorics 69 (March 2018): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejc.2017.09.001.

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2

Liou, J. L., and J. F. Lin. "A Microcontact Model Developed for Asperity Heights with a Variable Profile Fractal Dimension, A Surface Fractal Dimension, Topothesy, and Non-Gaussian Distribution." Journal of Mechanics 25, no. 1 (2009): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100003646.

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AbstractThe cross sections formed by the contact asperities of two rough surfaces at an interference are islandshaped, rather than having the commonly assumed circular contour. These island-shaped contact surface contours show fractal behavior with a profile fractal dimension Ds. The surface fractal dimension for the asperity heights is defined as D and the topothesy is defined as G. In the study of Mandelbrot, the relationship between D and Ds was given as D = Ds + 1 if these two fractal dimensions are obtained before contact deformation. In the present study, D, G, and Ds are considered to b

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3

Bartram, Lyn, and Colin Ware. "Filtering and Brushing with Motion." Information Visualization 1, no. 1 (2002): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ivs.9500005.

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Visualizing information in user interfaces to complex, large-scale systems is difficult due to visual fragmentation caused by an enormous amount of inter-related data distributed across multiple views. New display dimensions are required to help the user visually integrate and filter such spatially distributed and heterogeneous information. Motion holds promise in this regard as a perceptually efficient display dimension. It has long been known to have a strong grouping effect, suggesting it has potential for filtering and brushing techniques. However, there is little known about which propert

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4

Zhang, Hui, Zixin Liu, and Jun Zhang. "An efficient finite element method based on dimension reduction scheme for a fourth-order Steklov eigenvalue problem." Open Mathematics 20, no. 1 (2022): 666–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2022-0032.

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Abstract In this article, an effective finite element method based on dimension reduction scheme is proposed for a fourth-order Steklov eigenvalue problem in a circular domain. By using the Fourier basis function expansion and variable separation technique, the original problem is transformed into a series of radial one-dimensional eigenvalue problems with boundary eigenvalue. Then we introduce essential polar conditions and establish the discrete variational form for each radial one-dimensional eigenvalue problem. Based on the minimax principle and the approximation property of the interpolat

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5

Yon, Hamizan, Nurul Huda Abd Rahman, Mohd Aziz Aris, et al. "Development of C-Shaped Parasitic MIMO Antennas for Mutual Coupling Reduction." Electronics 10, no. 19 (2021): 2431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192431.

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In the 5G system, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas for both transmitting and receiving ends are required. However, the design of MIMO antennas at the 5G upper band is challenging due to the mutual coupling issues. Many techniques have been proposed to improve antenna isolation; however, some of the designs have impacts on the antenna performance, especially on the gain and bandwidth reduction, or an increase in the overall size. Thus, a design with a detailed trade-off study must be implemented. This article proposes a new C-shaped parasitic structure around a main circular radia

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6

Zabala-Quintero, Camilo, Jesus Ramirez-Pastran, and Maria Josefina Torres. "Performance Characterization of a New Model for a Cyclone Separator of Particles Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125342.

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In the present study, through Computational Fluid Dynamics techniques, the performance characterization of a new Stairmand-type separator cyclone was carried out using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent. Four models for the geometrical cyclone separator were built, namely model A as per the dimensions reported in the literature and models B, C, and D by applying square and circular shape cavities as a passive flow control technique on the surface of its cylindrical section. The Navier-Stokes equations with the RSM turbulence model were formulated to solve the continuous phase of the cyclone

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7

VERHOFF, A. "Two-dimensional potential flow solutions with separation." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 657 (July 21, 2010): 238–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010001448.

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A procedure for constructing two-dimensional incompressible potential flowfield solutions with separation and a recirculation region is presented. It naturally makes use of complex variable theory and other analysis techniques such as conformal mapping and the generalized Poisson integral formula. Flowfield determination is reduced to solution of a boundary value problem in various simple domains. The entire velocity field is described analytically; stream function and velocity potential contour maps are readily constructed. Example solutions are presented. Solutions for sharp leading edge air

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8

Xue, Xiao Feng, Hua Bai, Yu Li, Wei Li, and Sai Gong. "Test Study on Aerodynamic Performance of Three-Dimensional Stayed Cables in Two-Dimensional Flow Field." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.469.

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Cables, distributed with diversity spatially angle, are rich in wind direction. Circular cross sectional shape is sensitive to the Reynolds number. This paper studed the aerodynamic performance of three-dimentional stayed cable under two-dimensional flow field in Chang'an University wind tunnel by Pitot tube, electronic pressure scanning valve, data conversion and collection systems. The following conclusions are obtained: (1)The stagnation point and the upper and lower airflow separation point clockwise goes on with the wind angle increases. Absolute value of pressure coefficient at stagnatio

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9

Jabbar, Tahseen, Rafi M. Qasim, and Bassam A. Mohammed. "Vane Angle Influence on the Flow Pattern around a Circular Pier." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 8, no. 6 (2022): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_008.006_0014.

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This paper intends to numerically analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow pattern that surrounds the circular pier near the vane angle. These include flow velocity, turbulent intensity, and pressure. A computational fluid dynamic is proposed to simulate the two-dimensional model by using the finite volume method, while the k - ε turbulence model is used to describe the turbulent model. The vane is located upstream of the pier, with its dimensions as function of the pier diameter. The distance between the vane and the pier center is equal to the pier diameter, the angle of the vane

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10

Chang, Hsuan-Ting, Tzu-Yao Lin, Chih-Hao Chuang, Chien-Yu Chen, Chian C. Ho, and Chuan-Yu Chang. "Separation of Two-Dimensional Mixed Circular Fringe Patterns Based on Spectral Projection Property in Fractional Fourier Transform Domain." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (2021): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020859.

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In this paper, a method for automatically separating the mixed circular fringe patterns based on the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) analysis is proposed. Considering the mixed two-dimensional (2-D) Gaussian-based circular fringe patterns, detected by using an image sensor, we propose a method that can efficiently determine the number and parameters of each separated fringe patterns by using the FrFT due to the observed higher sparsity in the frequency domain than that in the spatial domain. First, we review the theory of FrFT and the properties of the 2-D circular fringe patterns. By sear

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11

Agbaglah, G., and C. Mavriplis. "Three-dimensional wakes behind cylinders of square and circular cross-section: early and long-time dynamics." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 870 (May 10, 2019): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.265.

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The flow in the near wake of a square cylinder at Reynolds numbers of 205 and 225, corresponding to three-dimensional wake instability modes $A$ and $B$, respectively, and that of the square’s circumscribed circular cylinder are examined by using three-dimensional Navier–Stokes numerical simulations. At small times, prior to the streamwise vortex shedding, a self-similar velocity is observed in the wake and no significant difference is observed in the dynamics of the flows past the square and the circular cylinders. The exponential growth of the three-dimensional instability reaches a saturati

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12

Chunguang, Wang, Chen Cong, Ren Quanbin, and Chen Ke. "Investigation on metal diaphragm of pulse separation device in dual-pulse solid rocket motor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 3 (2016): 444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016638876.

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The theories of circular plates with large deflection and fracture mechanics were employed to investigate the calculating formula of stress intensity factor on prefab gap. The relationship of the opening pressure with physical dimensions of hard pulse separation device (PSD) was analyzed to achieve the feasible configuration of metal diaphragm, which could play a very important role in dual-pulse solid rocket motor. Moreover, six specific single-term tests of the metal diaphragm were conducted to validate the computing precision of designing formula. In addition, three kinds of scale experimen

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13

Bai, Mingsian R., and Chang-Sheng Lai. "Localization and separation of acoustic sources by using a 2.5-dimensional circular microphone array." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 139, no. 4 (2016): 2019–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4949957.

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Bai, Mingsian R., Chang-Sheng Lai, and Po-Chen Wu. "Localization and separation of acoustic sources by using a 2.5-dimensional circular microphone array." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 142, no. 1 (2017): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4994291.

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15

YAGITA, Miki, Ichiro KANO, and Masato SEINO. "On Unstableness of Separation of Two-dimensional Wall Jetalong Circular Cylinder with Coanda Effect." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 70, no. 691 (2004): 594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.70.594.

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16

Golovachov, Yu P., and N. V. Leont’eva. "Numerical investigation of cross-flow separation in three-dimensional supersonic flows around circular cones." Technical Physics 43, no. 10 (1998): 1154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1259170.

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17

Yu, Tai-Ho, Shin-Yueh Yang, Chen-Liang Lee, and Ching-Chung Yin. "Bi-dimensional finite element analysis for modal separation of a circular cylindrical WW-USM." Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 47, no. 7 (2011): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2011.01.006.

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18

BALACHANDAR, S., R. MITTAL, and F. M. NAJJAR. "Properties of the mean recirculation region in the wakes of two-dimensional bluff bodies." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 351 (November 25, 1997): 167–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097007179.

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The properties of the time- and span-averaged mean wake recirculation region are investigated in separated flows over several different two-dimensional bluff bodies. Ten different cases are considered and they divide into two groups: cylindrical geometries of circular, elliptic and square cross-sections and the normal plate. A wide Reynolds number range from 250 to 140000 is considered, but in all the cases the attached portion of the boundary layer remains laminar until separation. The lower Reynolds number data are from direct numerical simulations, while the data at the higher Reynolds numb

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19

Tahir, N. A., V. V. Kim, A. V. Matvechev, et al. "High energy density and beam induced stress related issues in solid graphite Super-FRS fast extraction targets." Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 2 (2008): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034608000347.

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AbstractSurvival of the production target in successive experiments (with a repetition rate of 1 Hz) over an extended period of time is one of the key problems encountered in designing the Super-FRS (Superconducting Fragment Separator) at the future Facility forAntiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR). Because of the difficulties involved in construction of a liquid jet metal target, it is highly desirable to employ a solid production target at the Super-FRS. However, with the high beam intensities that will be available at the FAIR, the production target may be destroyed in a single experiment due

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20

Eckerle, W. A., and J. K. Awad. "Effect of Freestream Velocity on the Three-Dimensional Separated Flow Region in Front of a Cylinder." Journal of Fluids Engineering 113, no. 1 (1991): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2926493.

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Details of the horseshoe vortex formation around a cylinder were studied to determine the flow parameters that affect the flow separation in front of the cylinder. An experimental setup consisting of a circular cylinder vertically mounted on the floor of the wind tunnel test section was assembled. The approaching turbulent boundary layer was four centimeters thick. Pressures were measured on the cylinder surface and the tunnel floor with surface static pressure taps. Surface flow visualizations were accomplished to locate singlar points and the size of separation region on the endwall surface.

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21

LAWRENCE, T., I. A. TRAIL, and J. NOBLE. "Morphological Measurements of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint." Journal of Hand Surgery 29, no. 3 (2004): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2004.01.010.

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The morphology of the proximal interphalangeal joint was determined using a photographic technique. The head of the proximal phalanx, viewed end on, has a complex trapezoid appearance characteristic for each named digit. The asymmetric condyles diverge from one another and are separated by an intercondylar groove that increases in depth from the dorsal to the palmar surface. Saggital sections of the head of the proximal phalanx are not circular, but, sections taken in the plane of maximum dimensions of the condyle are circular with a radius of curvature of approximately one half of the height

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22

Wang, Zijian, and Pizhong Qiao. "Backward wave separation method in a single transmitter and multi-receiver sensor array for improved damage identification of two-dimensional structures." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 26, no. 2 (2017): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789517694477.

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In this paper, a backward wave separation method is proposed. Since the first backward wave can be considered as the damage reflection, the damage reflected wave peaks are artificially amplified by appropriately shifting and summing signals collected from a series of sensing points aligned along the wave propagating direction. This shifting and summing process aims to present the damage reflected wave peaks more distinctively while offsets randomly distributed environmental interferences. Due to the high signal-to-noise ratio of the treated signal, the application of backward wave separation i

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23

Perdana, B. Endo Gauh. "Circular Economy of Used Cooking Oil in Indonesia: Current Practices and Development in Special Region of Yogyakarta." Journal of World Trade Studies 6, no. 1 (2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jwts.v6i1.1541.

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Used Cooking Oil (UCO) has become an inherent lifestyle of Indonesian people as frying is the main cooking method. As UCO ways of disposal have not been properly managed, the question on how UCO should be managed contributes to the adaptability of circular economy strategies moving away from throw-away culture. This study adopts desk research methods collecting relevant information from articles, journals, and books. Utilizing six dimensions – governmental, economic, environmental, technological, societal, and behavioural – of CE research for built-in environment and its conceptual limitations

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24

Egorov, Nickolay V., and Ekaterina M. Vinogradova. "Mathematical modeling of a field emitter with a hyperbolic shape." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes 16, no. 3 (2020): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2020.302.

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This article is devoted to modeling a field emission diode system. The emitter surface is a hyperboloid of rotation. The anode surface is a part of the hyperboloid of rotation, in a particular case, a circular diaphragm. A boundary value problem is formulated for the Laplace equation with non-axisymmetric boundary conditions of the first kind. A 3D solution was found by the variable separation method in the prolate spheroidal coordinates. The electrostatic potential distribution is presented in the form of the Legendre functions expansions. The calculation of the expansion coefficients is redu

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Reinaud, Jean N. "Three-dimensional quasi-geostrophic vortex equilibria with -fold symmetry." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 863 (January 22, 2019): 32–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.989.

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We investigate arrays of $m$ three-dimensional, unit-Burger-number, quasi-geostrophic vortices in mutual equilibrium whose centroids lie on a horizontal circular ring; or$m+1$ vortices where the additional vortex lies on the vertical ‘central’ axis passing through the centre of the array. We first analyse the linear stability of circular point vortex arrays. Three distinct categories of vortex arrays are considered. In the first category, the $m$ identical point vortices are equally spaced on a circular ring and no vortex is located on the vertical central axis. In the other two categories, a

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Perrey-Debain, E., R. Maréchal, and J. M. Ville. "A Special Boundary Integral Method for the Numerical Simulation of Sound Propagation in Flow Ducts Lined with Multi-Cavity Resonators." Journal of Computational Acoustics 24, no. 03 (2016): 1650012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x16500120.

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In this work, acoustic performances of a liner concept based on perforated screens backed by air cavities are investigated numerically for circular ducts with mean flow. Dimensions of the cavity are chosen to be of the order or bigger than the wavelength so acoustic waves within the liner can propagate parallel to the duct surface. In this case, the liner becomes nonlocally reacting and this gives rise to additional resonance effects which renders the attenuation more effective over a broader frequency range. In order to predict the mufflers’ acoustic performances, a special boundary integral

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Hu, Ying, Gui Qiang Liu, Xiang Nan Zhang, and Zheng Jie Cai. "A New Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Channel Drop Filter Based on Two-Resonant Cavities." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.397.

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In this paper, a channel drop filter (CDF) is composed of two cubic lattice circular ring resonator cavities and point micro-cavities in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The photonic band gap is calculated using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method and the optical characteristics of proposed structure are studying by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method with perfectly matched layers (PMLs) acting as the boundary conditions . Two different wavelengths centered at 1773 nm and 1742 nm have been successful separation in this CDF. These demonstrate that our proposed structure is suit

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Campos, Luís Braga, and Joaquim Guerreiro Marques. "On the Kinematics of Vehicles Relevant to Conflict Detection and Resolution." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (August 19, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2918026.

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The paper presents methods to determine the time, positions, and distance of closest approach for two vehicles following arbitrary trajectories in two or three dimensions. The distance of closest approach of two vehicles following arbitrary curved trajectories is determined by two conditions: (i) the relative velocity must be orthogonal to the relative position in order for the distance to be a nonzero extremum; (ii) the radial acceleration including centripetal terms must have a direction that increases the separation for the extremum to be a minimum. This theorem on the distance of closest a

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29

BOUHAIRIE, SALEM, and VINCENT H. CHU. "Two-dimensional simulation of unsteady heat transfer from a circular cylinder in crossflow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 570 (January 3, 2007): 177–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006002941.

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The heat transfer from the surface of a circular cylinder into a crossflow has been computed using a two-dimensional model, for a range of Reynolds numbers from Re=200 to 15550. The boundary-layer separation, the local and overall heat-transfer rates, the eddy- and flare-detachment frequencies and the width of the flares were determined from the numerical simulations. In this range of Reynolds numbers, the heat-transfer process is unsteady and is characterized by a viscous length scale that is inversely proportional to the square root of the Reynolds number. To ensure uniform numerical accurac

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Maleki, Erfan, and Hani Sadrhosseini. "Numerical Study of External Flow over Ducts with Various Cross-Sections." Defect and Diffusion Forum 366 (April 2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.366.10.

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In this article a comprehensive numerical study is performed to compare the effect of fluid flow across a duct with various cross sectional shapes and with different velocities of the flow. Circular, elliptical and rectangular cross sections have been chosen for the ducts and air flows across them with four values of low Reynolds numbers in the range of Re = 1 to Re = 1000. Continuity and momentum equations with proper boundary conditions are solved in two dimensions. Streamlines, pressure distribution and Velocity profiles are obtained and creation of vortices, boundary layers, separation reg

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31

Wang, Xiaofeng, and Andrey P. Jivkov. "Combined Numerical-Statistical Analyses of Damage and Failure of 2D and 3D Mesoscale Heterogeneous Concrete." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/702563.

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Generation and packing algorithms are developed to create models of mesoscale heterogeneous concrete with randomly distributed elliptical/polygonal aggregates and circular/elliptical voids in two dimensions (2D) or ellipsoidal/polyhedral aggregates and spherical/ellipsoidal voids in three dimensions (3D). The generation process is based on the Monte Carlo simulation method wherein the aggregates and voids are generated from prescribed distributions of their size, shape, and volume fraction. A combined numerical-statistical method is proposed to investigate damage and failure of mesoscale heter

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32

Mittal, S. "Three-Dimensional Instabilities in Flow Past a Rotating Cylinder." Journal of Applied Mechanics 71, no. 1 (2004): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1631032.

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Flow past a spinning circular cylinder placed in a uniform stream is investigated via three-dimensional computations. A stabilized finite element method is utilized to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the primitive variables formulation. The Reynolds number based on the cylinder diameter and freestream speed of the flow is 200. The nondimensional rotation rate, α, (ratio of the surface speed and freestream speed) is 5. It is found that although the two-dimensional flow for α=5 is stable, centrifugal instabilities exist along the entire span in a three-dimensional set-up. In

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33

Lee, Sang Woo, Seong Kuk Joo, and Joon Sik Lee. "Flow Characteristics Inside Circular Injection Holes Normally Oriented to a Crossflow: Part II—Three-Dimensional Flow Data and Aerodynamic Loss." Journal of Turbomachinery 123, no. 2 (2000): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1348016.

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Presented are three-dimensional mean velocity components and aerodynamic loss data inside circular injection holes. The holes are normally oriented to a crossflow and each hole has a sharp square-edged inlet. Because of their importance to flow behavior, three different blowing ratios, M=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, and three hole length-to-diameter ratios, L/D=0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, are investigated. The entry flow is characterized by a separation bubble, and the exit flow is characterized by direct interaction with the crossflow. The uniform oncoming flow at the inlet undergoes a strong acceleration and a

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Zhang, Xiang-Fei, Juan-Cheng Yang, Ming-Jiu Ni, Nian-Mei Zhang, and Xin-Gang Yu. "Experimental and numerical studies on the three-dimensional flow around single and two tandem circular cylinders in a duct." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (2022): 033610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0084764.

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Experimental and numerical investigations are conducted in order to understand the flow around identical tandem circular cylinders confined in a duct (blockage ratio b = 0.1 and aspect ratio a = 5). In this work, the Reynolds number Re ranges from 40 to 200 and the spacing ratio (distance between two centers of tandem circular cylinders to diameter, L/ d) from 0 to 8. When fluid flows around a single cylinder placed symmetrically in the duct ([Formula: see text]), it is found that the Strouhal numbers St and mean drag coefficients [Formula: see text] increase with the increase in Re, although

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Agui, J. H., and J. Andreopoulos. "Experimental Investigation of a Three-Dimensional Boundary Layer Flow in the Vicinity of an Upright Wall Mounted Cylinder (Data Bank Contribution)." Journal of Fluids Engineering 114, no. 4 (1992): 566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910069.

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The flow of a three-dimensional boundary layer approaching an upright wall mounted circular cylinder has been experimentally investigated by means of instantaneous flow visualization techniques using a laser sheet and time resolved measurements of the wall pressure, the gradients of which are related to the vorticity flux away from the wall. The mean separation point of the oncoming boundary layer is located on the plane of symmetry, 0.76 and 0.82 diameters upstream of the cylinder for the two investigated Reynolds numbers, based on the cylinder diameter, of 1.0 × 105 and 2.2 × 105, respective

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YOKOI, Yoshifumi, and Kyoji KAMEMOTO. "Initial Stage of a Three-Dimensional Vortex Structure Existing in a Two-Dimensional Boundary Layer Separation Flow : Observation of Laminar Boundary Layer Separation over a Circular Cylinder by Flow Visualization." JSME international journal. Ser. 2, Fluids engineering, heat transfer, power, combustion, thermophysical properties 35, no. 2 (1992): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb1988.35.2_189.

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NAMKOONG, KAK, JUNG YUL YOO, and HYOUNG G. CHOI. "Numerical analysis of two-dimensional motion of a freely falling circular cylinder in an infinite fluid." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 604 (May 14, 2008): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008001304.

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The two-dimensional motion of a circular cylinder freely falling or rising in an infinite fluid is investigated numerically for the range of Reynolds number Re, < 188 (Galileo number G < 163), where the wake behind the cylinder remains two-dimensional, using a combined formulation of the governing equations for the fluid and the dynamic equations for the cylinder. The effect of vortex shedding on the motion of the freely falling or rising cylinder is clearly shown. As the streamwise velocity of the cylinder increases due to gravity, the periodic vortex shedding induces a periodic motion

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Prosser, Daniel T., and Marilyn J. Smith. "Numerical characterization of three-dimensional bluff body shear layer behaviour." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 799 (June 21, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.344.

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Three-dimensional bluff body aerodynamics are pertinent across a broad range of engineering disciplines. In three-dimensional bluff body flows, shear layer behaviour has a primary influence on the surface pressure distributions and, therefore, the integrated forces and moments. There currently exists a significant gap in understanding of the flow around canonical three-dimensional bluff bodies such as rectangular prisms and short circular cylinders. High-fidelity numerical experiments using a hybrid turbulence closure that resolves large eddies in separated wakes close this gap and provide new

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Levy, C., M. Perl, and Q. Ma. "The Influence of Multiple Axial Erosions on a Three-Dimensional Crack in Determining the Fatigue Life of Autofrettaged Pressurized Cylinders." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 1 (2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1386656.

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Erosion geometry effects on the mode I stress intensity factor (SIF) for a crack emanating from an erosion’s deepest point in a multiply eroded, autofrettaged, pressurized, thick-walled cylinder are investigated. The problem is solved via the finite element method (FEM). Autofrettage, based on von Mises yield criterion, is simulated by thermal loading and SIFs are determined by the nodal displacement method. SIFs are evaluated for a variety of relative crack depths, a0/t=0.01-0.40, and crack ellipticities, a0/c=0.5-1.5, emanating from the tip of erosions of different geometry, namely: (a) semi

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Persinger, Michael A. "Relating Casimir to Magnetic Energies Results in Spatial Dimensions that Define Biology Systems." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 39 (October 2014): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.39.160.

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The volume-independence that occurs when Casimir and magnetic energies were equated wasemployed to solve for optimal spatial separations. For the magnetic moments of a proton and anelectron in the presence of a magnetic field strength that produced the energy associated with theneutral hydrogen line, the distances were 1 nm and 24 nm or the width of an ion channel in a plasmacell membrane and the average synaptic width, respectively. The small discrepancies in orbit-spinmagnetic moments of the electron with the magnetic moment of the proton emerged as relevant.Calculation of the radius in the

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Persinger, Michael A. "Relating Casimir to Magnetic Energies Results in Spatial Dimensions that Define Biology Systems." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 39 (October 2, 2014): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-n490wt.

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The volume-independence that occurs when Casimir and magnetic energies were equated wasemployed to solve for optimal spatial separations. For the magnetic moments of a proton and anelectron in the presence of a magnetic field strength that produced the energy associated with theneutral hydrogen line, the distances were 1 nm and 24 nm or the width of an ion channel in a plasmacell membrane and the average synaptic width, respectively. The small discrepancies in orbit-spinmagnetic moments of the electron with the magnetic moment of the proton emerged as relevant.Calculation of the radius in the

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Nilsson, Erik, Nikolaos-Georgios Vardaxis, Sylvain Ménard, and Delphine Bard Hagberg. "Sound Reduction of Ventilation Ducts through Walls: Experimental Results and Updated Models." Acoustics 3, no. 4 (2021): 695–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics3040044.

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Ventilation ducts can have a negative effect on the sound reduction index between two rooms if they pass through the dividing structure without treatments. The overall sound reduction of a ventilation duct is dependent on several factors including the transmission loss when sound is breaking in and out from the duct. This study aims to model the sound reduction of a combined system with a separating wall and a ventilation duct through it. Three walls, characterized according to ISO 717-1, are combined with three different ventilation ducts, two circular and one rectangular with different dimen

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YOKOI, Yoshifumi, and Kyoji KAMEMOTO. "The initial stage of a three-dimensional vortex structure existing in a two-dimensional boundary layer separation flow. The observation of laminar boundary layer separation over a circular cylinder by flow visualization." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 57, no. 534 (1991): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.57.427.

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Nezhad, Hossein, and Rahim Shamsoddini. "Numerical three-dimensional analysis of the mechanism of flow and heat transfer in a vortex tube." Thermal Science 13, no. 4 (2009): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0904183n.

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A fully three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model is used to analyze the mechanism of flow and heat transfer in a vortex tube. Vortex tube is a simple circular tube with interesting function and several industrial applications and contains one or more inlets and two outlets. It is used as a spot cooling device in industry. The past numerical investigations of vortex tube have been performed with the two-dimensional axisymmetric assumption but in the present work this problem is studied fully three-dimensional without making that assumption. Using this model, appropriate numerical res

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Papavassiliou, Dario, and Gareth P. Alexander. "Exact solutions for hydrodynamic interactions of two squirming spheres." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 813 (January 20, 2017): 618–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.837.

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We provide exact solutions of the Stokes equations for a squirming sphere close to a no-slip surface, both planar and spherical, and for the interactions between two squirmers, in three dimensions. These allow the hydrodynamic interactions of swimming microscopic organisms with confining boundaries, or with each other, to be determined for arbitrary separation and, in particular, in the close proximity regime where approximate methods based on point-singularity descriptions cease to be valid. We give a detailed description of the circular motion of an arbitrary squirmer moving parallel to a no

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GARNAUD, XAVIER, and CHIANG C. MEI. "Wave-power extraction by a compact array of buoys." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 635 (September 2, 2009): 389–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009007411.

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The majority of existing single-unit devices for extracting power from sea waves relies on resonance at the peak frequency of the incident wave spectrum. Such designs usually call for structural dimensions not too small compared to a typical wavelength and yield high efficiency only within a limited frequency band. A recent innovation in Norway departs from this norm by gathering many small buoys in a compact array. Each buoy is too small to be resonated in typical sea conditions. In this article a theoretical study is performed to evaluate this new design. Within the framework of linearizatio

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Yuan, Jiade, Yujie Li, Zhimeng Xu, and Jiamin Zheng. "A Compact CPW-Fed Low-Profile Wideband Circularly Polarized Slot Antenna with a Planar Ring Reflector for GNSS Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (October 31, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6463101.

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A compact low-profile wideband circularly polarized slot antenna for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is presented. The antenna comprises a planar slot radiator with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed and a modified ring-shaped reflector to achieve unidirectional radiation. The modified reflector is an inner square patch with four slantly cut corners, a center ring, and an outer ring with a notch; they significantly reduce the separation between the antenna radiator and reflector and therefore the overall antenna height. The overall dimensions are λ0/3 × λ0/3 × λ0/30 (λ0 denotes the free

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Yokoi, Yoshifumi, and Kyoji Kamemoto. "Initial Stage of a Three-Dimensional Vortex Structure Existing in a Two-Dimensional Boundary Layer Separation Flow. Visual Observation of Laminar Boundary Layer Separation over a Circular Cylinder from the Side of a Separated Region." JSME International Journal Series B 36, no. 2 (1993): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeb.36.201.

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Albadri, Raed Ashraf Kamil, and Khalid Saeed Lateef Al-Badri. "Simulation Study of Perfect Dual Band Microwave Metasurface Absorber." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 3 (2022): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.3.nq22055.

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This study presents analytical results using the CST software for a very simple design of an electromagnetic wave absorber with a negative refractive index, a copper circular-shape printed on an insulating layer separating it from a flat ground layer of copper. This design provides two absorption bands with an absorption capacity of 97.55%. This absorption is due to the dipole oscillation. Also, controlling the shape dimensions and thickness of the insulating layer leads to good results in the synthesis of the resonant frequency that contributes to the applications of energy collection and pro

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Kiswanto, Gandjar, Poly, Yolanda Rudy Johan, and Tae Jo Ko. "Preliminary Design of Two Dimensional Vibration Assisted Machining System for Multi-Axis Micro-Milling Application." Key Engineering Materials 846 (June 2020): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.846.105.

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Vibration assisted machining (VAM) is a method that is widely used in improving the performance of machined products. External vibrations with high frequency to ultrasonic range along with an meso-micrometer amplitude are given to the cutting tool or workpiece. This will result in a periodic separation phenomenon, hence reducing the cutting force which has positive impacts on increasing tool life and machined surface quality. Among the high-precision machining processes, micro-milling which has the ability to produce complex components with 2D and 3D features, can also be applied with the vibr

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