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Journal articles on the topic 'Circulation of fruits and vegetables'
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1
Aksenov, I. A. "Analysis of the dynamics of international trade operations in the market of vegetables and fruits in Russia." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2020-1-86-93.
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Relevance. The structure of the food market is represented by various types of products, of which the largest share is taken by the fruit and vegetable sector. In the conditions of a tense political situation in the world and the establishment of barriers in foreign trade, agriculture is a strategically important branch of the Russian economy. Today, the fruit and vegetable sector of the Russian economy does not fully satisfy the needs of the population for vegetables and fruits. This is evidenced by the fact that the domestic market does not provide the population with high-quality vegetables and fruits, creates favorable conditions for filling it with foreign goods, which constitute about 35% of the consumer basket of Russians. All this leads to the need for additional analysis to identify trends in the development of the Russian market for fruits and vegetables and to identify priority areas for its development.Methods. The purpose of the article is to conduct an analysis of the main trends in the development of the Russian fruit and vegetable market, in order to determine the priority areas of its operation. The basis of the study was the statistical data of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation on the import and export of fruits and vegetables, as well as the federal service of state statistics on the volumes of production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in Russia.Results. As a result of the analysis of the state of the fruit and vegetable market in Russia in 2011-2018, carried out in the article. It can be stated that the population is experiencing a shortage of consumption of fruits and vegetables. Over the past eight years, imports exceeded exports in the structure of commodity circulation of fruits and vegetables, which indicates the dependence of the national market on foreign goods. The state of the fruit and vegetable market is influenced by the following factors: the level of development of the logistics infrastructure, material and technical equipment of enterprises, as well as the presence of sanctions and counter sanctions.
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Belyaev, Nikolay, Lyudmila Donskova, and Olga Zueva. "Efficient value chain as a factor for reducing losses and ensuring food security." E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 06030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022206030.
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The authors consider the situation in the field of losses formation in the production and circulation of fresh fruits and vegetables in the context of the effective value chain formation. Relevant aspects of research in this area were the importance of fresh fruits and vegetables in the formation of a healthy lifestyle, the lengthening and complication of supply chains associated with the expansion of sales markets and the presence of significant losses in this area. Features of fruit and vegetable production and commodity properties of fruits and vegetables, quality and safety requirements determine the need to build effective communication along a single chain, including the stages associated with the implementation of technological processes, the organization of product sales, and the stage of consumption. It is established that at each stage there are risks of food losses. The main conclusions of the authors include the presence of an integrated approach, mandatory consideration of the specifics of the product group under consideration, and compliance with the requirements of current international standards in the field of fresh fruits and vegetables circulation. The proposals include such areas as technological solutions for waste processing, use of the principles of charity and reverse logistics at the sale stage, and principles of responsibility for consumers.
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Haerani, Yeni, and Edy Nurcahyo. "Legal review of procurement authorization of the imported fresh food, fruit and vegetable." Jurnal Hukum Volkgeist 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/volkgeist.v4i1.429.
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Fresh food products imported fruits and vegetables in circulation that do not meet the requirements in accordance with statutory regulations can endanger human safety because food security is not guaranteed. The existence of a marketing authorization and supervision of imported fresh fruit and vegetable food products is needed to maintain food security. The research method used is the normative legal research method that is the legal research method of literature with the method used to examine existing library materials related to the object examined by the regulatory approach (statue approach). The results showed that before the imported fresh fruits & vegetables food products were circulated, they had to go through several quarantine measures or inspections. After passing the test, they would get a distribution permit for fresh food products along with the registration number on the imported fruit & vegetable label. If the distribution permit for fresh food products is ignored by business actors, they will be subject to criminal and administrative sanctions. The purpose of supervision is to provide protection to consumers and prevent the circulation of imported fresh fruit and vegetable food products that can endanger consumers' health.
Keywords: Distribution Permit; Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Products; Consumer Protection
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Fahrizal, Effan, Teuku Budi Aulia, and Safwan Safwan. "EVALUASI KOMPONEN FISIK BANGUNAN PASAR SAYUR DAN BUAH PEUNAYONG KOTA BANDA ACEH TERHADAP UPAYA RELOKASI." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 1, no. 3 (September 11, 2018): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v1i3.11859.
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Peunayong area is a trade and service area, as well as a heritage tourist area located in Kuta Alam Subdistrict, Banda Aceh City. Since it was inaugurated in 2007 until now Peunayong Vegetable and Fruit Market is not working properly. Traders only want to sell on the first floor, and along the corridor of RA road. Kartini, while the second and third floors are not occupied. In addressing the issue, the Banda Aceh City Government seeks to relocate the Peunayong Market to an integrated market in Lampulo, which is currently under construction. This study aims to identify the factors that cause traders not to occupy the market building of Peunayong Vegetables and Fruits, to identify buyers' perceptions of relocation of Peunayong Vegetable and Fruit Market, and to evaluate the physical, non-physical, and Peunayong Vegetables Market. This research uses qualitative method through observation and interview, and quantitative method through questionnaires distribution. Respondents in this research are 70 traders, and 100 buyers. The results showed that the factors that caused the traders did not occupy the Peunayong Vegetable and Fruit Market building were the buyers did not want to rise to the 2nd floor, the lack of good accessibility for traders and buyers, the constraints of goods circulation, and the number of kiosks and stalls not enough to accommodate all traders. The buyer's perception of the market relocation effort of Vegetables and Peunayong Fruits is built a new market building that can accommodate all traders, have complete public facilities, and designs that follow SOP Kemendag. Evaluation of Peunayong Vegetable and Fruit Market building on the physical component, generally not in accordance with the prevailing regulation with 36.84% level of conformity
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Lima-Filho, Dario de O., Leidy Diana de S. de Oliveira, Eluiza AM Watanabe, and Marcia Mitiê D. Maemura. "Purchase policies to fresh fruit and vegetables in supermarkets in Campo Grande, Brazil." Horticultura Brasileira 30, no. 1 (March 2012): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362012000100022.
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This study aims to analyze purchase policies to fruits and vegetables in supermarkets in Campo Grande, Brazilian Midwest. Thirteen interviews were conducted with representatives from supermarkets, small, medium and large, responsible for purchasing fresh vegetables. By analyzing the responses obtained through interviews, we can observe that producers make almost the entire supply of fruits and vegetables in large supermarkets from other states, and the small and medium establishments usually buy more with the local producer. For retailers, the fruits and vegetables represent an important factor to create internal circulation of customers in stores and a factor of attraction of clients too, in addition, this products offer high profitability. For the supermarket, the fruits and vegetables locally produced are fresher and have lower comparative cost. However, supply regularity, the volume and variety offered by local producers are considered unsatisfactory.
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Rudenko, Alexandra Mikhailovna, Yulia Victorovna Shipulina, and Mikhail Fedorovich Rudenko. "Improvement of storage conditions of fruits and vegetables in storehouses." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2020, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2020-1-24-30.
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The article touches upon the problem of conditions and ways of storing potatoes at large harvesting fruit and vegetable storehouses. There are the methods of vegetable storage in bulk and in containers. Various air exchange systems are considered for natural food storage under ambient temperatures, artificial storage using refrigerators and heating devices and combined types. There has been proposed the advanced air ventilation system in the storehouses for containerized goods. The new ventilation system allows improving the air mass circulation system throughout the storehouse providing individual air supply to each container, regulating the local air supply and ventilation of the container, if necessary. This ventilation system generally reduces losses of fruits and vegetables by 12–15 % due to slight increasing electrical energy consumption by 2–4 % and the reconstruction of the storehouse. The use of the PC control of climatic parameters (temperature and humidity in the storehouse), the air exchange system (local resistance to regulate the flow rate and air velocity) and operational control of the system with a combined version of the work will not only further reduce production losses, but also significantly save electrical energy.
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Weiner, Jeffrey G., Timothy R. Jordan, Amy J. Thompson, and Brian N. Fink. "Analysis of the Relationship between Diet and Exercise Beliefs and Actual Behaviors among Breast Cancer Survivors in Northwest Ohio." Breast Cancer: Basic and Clinical Research 4 (January 2010): BCBCR.S4146. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bcbcr.s4146.
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Introduction Studies have shown that a diet high in fruit and vegetable intake, as well as a routine including daily exercise or physical activity, can independently affect relapse rates and survivorship in breast cancer patients. Fruits and vegetables contain powerful anti-oxidant molecules, capable of preventing tumor formation and proliferation. Exercise can lower circulating levels of estrogen, the female hormone responsible for tumor proliferation in the estrogen-sensitive form of the disease. The most beneficial results have been shown in women who exercise and consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. We studied the attitudes towards and behaviors related to fruit and vegetable intake and exercise in a cohort of breast cancer survivors in northwest Ohio. Materials and Methods Data were gathered from a survey sent out by the Northwest Ohio Branch of the Susan G. Komen For the Cure Foundation. We assessed and evaluated survivors’ self-reported beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors regarding exercise and fruit and vegetable intake. Results Nearly half of the survivors (46.5%) reported being unsure or in disagreement with the statement “Eating at least 5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables per day will reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.” Only 46.8% of those in agreement with the previous statement actually report eating at least 5 fruits and/or vegetables per day. With respect to exercise, 32.9% reported being unsure or in disagreement with the statement “Engaging in regular physical activity will reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence.” Only 68.5% of those in agreement with the previous statement report any physical activity in the past 30 days. Conclusions Many breast cancer survivors do not appear to be aware of the benefits of diet and exercise. Further, a large proportion of those who are aware of the benefits do not adapt a healthy diet and exercise as part of their lifestyle. A majority of these survivors see a primary care physician, which we believe is the best venue to bridge this education gap. It is apparent by the pattern our data shows that more needs to be done to educate breast cancer survivors about the benefits of exercise and fruit and vegetable intake. Steps need to be taken to ensure that those who are educated also remain motivated to engage in a healthy lifestyle with the hopes of avoiding breast cancer recurrence.
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BARUA, Arun B. "Intestinal absorption of epoxy-β-carotenes by humans." Biochemical Journal 339, no. 2 (April 8, 1999): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3390359.
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An increased intake of fruits and vegetables has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of cancer. In epidemiological studies, supplements of β-carotene, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables, were not found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of lung cancer in high-risk groups. Epoxycarotenoids are abundant in nature. 5,6-Epoxy-β-carotene was much more active than β-carotene in the induction of differentiation of NB4 cells [Duitsman, Becker, Barua and Olson (1996) FASEB J. 10, A732]. Epoxycarotenes may, therefore, have protective effects against cancer. In order to do this, however, epoxycarotenoids must be absorbed by the human body. There is no evidence that epoxycarotenoids, despite their abundance in dietary fruits and vegetables, are absorbed by humans. In this paper, it is demonstrated that orally administered dietary or synthetic epoxy-β-carotenes are absorbed by humans, as indicated by their appearance in the circulating blood.
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Yamada, Hisaya. "Non-Destructive Analyzer of Fruits and Vegetables(Application of the Infrared Radiation to Food Production and Circulation)." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 94, no. 12 (December 1, 2010): 805–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij.94.805.
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Bao, Liwei, Yuchi Huang, Zengjun Ma, Jie Zhang, and Qingchu Lv. "On the Supply Chain Management Supported by E-Commerce Service Platform for Agreement based Circulation of Fruits and Vegetables." Physics Procedia 33 (2012): 1957–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.05.308.
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Sehn, Georgia Ane Raquel, Sabrina Vicentini Schaefer, Marcio Schmiele, Bibiana Paim da Silva, Milene Teixeira Barcia, and Rosane da Silva Rodrigues. "Characterization of pseudo-fruits of Hovenia dulcis T. at different maturation stages and drying methods." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 43 (June 14, 2021): e50571. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v43i1.50571.
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The vast majority of fruits and unprocessed vegetables, have a very short shelf life, mainly due to its high-water activity. Drying technology is an effective process, used to increase the shelf life of these products. It also can provide an effective method of consumption of fruits in food products. In this study, the influence of the maturation stage and drying method on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Japanese grape pseudo-fruits (Hovenia dulcis T.) were studied. The centesimal composition, reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars, ratio, color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of the unprocessed pseudo-fruits, at different maturation stages (immature, in maturation and mature), were analyzed. Two drying methods were employed in the pseudo-fruits (oven with air circulation and freeze drying) obtaining flour from which moisture content, instrumental color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined. The unprocessed pseudo-fruits of Japanese grape showed significant content of phenolic compounds at the early stages of maturation and high antioxidant capacity when mature (at the final stages of maturation). In addition, they showed a high content of fibers and sugars, and can be used as raw material in the food industry. After dehydration, the freeze-drying process provided a more stable color, because this process minimizes the enzymatic browning reactions, and preserved a greater number of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity, however, showed to be associated with the drying method, being higher in the flour obtained from lyophilized immature pseudo-fruits.
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Chądzyński, Andrzej, and Marek Piróg. "The technology of the process of storing fruits, vegetables and potatoes and functional-spatial arrangements of objects." Budownictwo i Architektura 12, no. 4 (December 11, 2013): 021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1955.
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Proper storage, allowing to keep nutritive values, quality of taste and the aesthetic appearance of products, is possible only in specially for this purpose prepared and equipped objects. A microclimate generated and kept in storage spaces is particularly important (appropriate temperature, relative humidity and air circulation), also an appropriate gases composition of the atmosphere. Conducted analysis of technological thrust in the storage process explains how and using what technical means a production carried out in a storage building should be executed. In the process of preparing the project documentation of the storage object, the technology is a much more important issue than other given matters. It is so, because conclusions and requirements which should be fulfilled so that the building is technically and functionally adapted to storing fruits, vegetables or potatoes. A scope of preliminary and final food processing influences definitive design of the technological sequence of the storage. It appears distinctive in storage buildings that architectural form, structural, material and installation solutions are secondary to the technological processes carried out in the object.
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Tang, Xiuli, Rui Wang, Fangwen Yang, and Lixiang Huang. "Efficiency Evaluation Study about the New and the Old Circulation Modes of Agricultural Products of Fruits and Vegetables in Beijing." Modern Economy 07, no. 10 (2016): 1050–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2016.710107.
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Itarte, Marta, Sandra Martínez-Puchol, Eva Forés, Ayalkibet Hundesa, Natàlia Timoneda, Sílvia Bofill-Mas, Rosina Girones, and Marta Rusiñol. "NGS Techniques Reveal a High Diversity of RNA Viral Pathogens and Papillomaviruses in Fresh Produce and Irrigation Water." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 6, 2021): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081820.
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Fresh fruits and vegetables are susceptible to microbial contamination at every stage of the food production chain, and as a potential source of pathogens, irrigation water quality is a critical factor. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques have been flourishing and expanding to a wide variety of fields. However, their application in food safety remains insufficiently explored, and their sensitivity requires improvement. In this study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays showed low but frequent contamination of common circulating viral pathogens, which were found in 46.9% of samples of fresh produce: 6/12 lettuce samples, 4/12 strawberries samples, and 5/8 parsley samples. Furthermore, the application of two different NGS approaches, target enrichment sequencing (TES) for detecting viruses that infect vertebrates and amplicon deep sequencing (ADS), revealed a high diversity of viral pathogens, especially Norovirus (NoV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV), in fresh produce and irrigation water. All NoV and HPV types found in fresh fruit and vegetable samples were also detected in irrigation water sources, indicating that these viruses are common circulating pathogens in the population and that irrigation water may be the most probable source of viral pathogens in food samples.
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Zhang, Ying, Ruqi Cheng, and Shaohui Chen. "Design of fresh food sensory perceptual system for cold chain logistics." ITM Web of Conferences 17 (2018): 03017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20181703017.
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According to the present stage low-level information of China's cold chain preservation, designed a kind of fresh food sensory perceptual system for cold chain logistics based on Internet of things. This system highly integrated applied many technologies such as the Internet of things technology, forecasting technology for fruits and vegetables preservation period, RFID and Planar bar code technology, big data and cloud computing technology and so on.Designed as a four-layer structure including sensing layer, network layer, control layer and user layer. The system can implement the real-time temperature and humidity environment parameters monitoring and early warning of the whole cold chain logistics for fresh agricultural products from picking, storage, transportation and processing link. It greatly improved the information level of cold chain circulation in our country and has a strong marketing value.
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Chupkin, Konstantin A., Vera I. Terekhova, and Anastasiya V. Konstantinovich. "Testing of tomato hybrids of the breeding of the company "Gavrish" in JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region." Vegetable crops of Russia, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2019-4-64-67.
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Relevance Currently, the requirements for modern tomato hybrids are increasing both from consumers and from producers. Modern tomato hybrids in extended circulation should yield at least 60 kg / m2, be distinguished by high quality of fruits, early ripeness, possess manufacturability, resistance to major diseases. Along with the traditional form of fruits, hybrids with original shape, color, taste and aroma are interesting for manufacturers. Methods The aim of the research was the variety study of indeterminant F1 hybrids of tomato breeding of the company "Gavrish" in JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region. Studies were conducted in 2017-2018 in the extended and summer-autumn turnover in the conditions of JSC "Teplichnoye" of the Tambov region in accordance with generally accepted recommendations for research with vegetable crops in greenhouses. The objects of the study in extended circulation were tomato hybrids: F1 Bao Bab, F1 Baloven, the F1 Torero hybrid was taken as a control. In the summerautumn turnover, a study was made of the rose hybrid – F1 Panthera; the Rosario F1 hybrid was used as a control; a hybrid with a plum-shaped fruit – F1 Armata, control – a hybrid F1 Lezghinka. Results According to the results of the study of tomato hybrids, the selection of the Gavrish company at the enterprise made the decision to grow it in extended circulation and increase the area under F1 Baloven, in the summer-autumn turnover under the F1 Panthera hybrid.
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Aprilianintyas, Nuur Anisa. "Literature Review: Food Processing in Minimizing Chemical Contamination of Rhodamin B in Shrimp Paste and Chlorpirifos Residue in Fresh Vegetables Garnish Which are Circulating in the Communities in Indonesia." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i4.2020.276-284.
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Introduction: Food circulation among communities is prone to chemical contamination. The contamination is obtained from both food processing and food cultivation (planting, raw materials). One of the examples related to chemical contamination can be seen in the contamination of rhodamine B on Terasi. Although there is a prohibition on using Rhodamine B compounds in food add-ons, which is listed in Regulation of Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia No.722/Menkes/Per/IX/1988, its usage is widely found. Similarly, chlorpyrifos pesticide residue in lalapan is the other example provided. The usage of it remains to continue even though the result of pesticide residue value is under BMR SNI 7313:2008. The article aims to study food processing efforts in minimizing the chemical contamination of Rhodamine B in shrimp terasi and chlorpyrifos residue in the lalapan vegetables in the communities in Indonesia. A literature review on scientific publications was undertaken through Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Neliti, ScienceDirect, LIPI, Directory Open Acces Journal, and Crossref. The keywords used were related to rhodamin B on terasi, synthetic dyes on terasi, natural dyes for terasi, vegetable pesticide residues, Chlorpyrifos residue on vegetables, and how to reduce chlorpyrifos residue in vegetables. All of them were published between the 2015 – 2020 period. Discussion: Chlorpyrifos residue in vegetables can be reduced by washing, soaking brine, and boiling. The usage of rhodamine B on Terasi can be replaced by the application of dragon fruit skin extract and angkak (red yeast rice) for natural dye alternatives. Conclusion: Washing food with running water and soaking it in hot water before food consumption can lower chlorpyrifos residue level in dark vegetables. However, it is more significant to lover the residue level through the boiling step. The use of natural pesticides can be used as the choice of alternative. Moreover, rhodamine B on terasi can be replaced with natural dye alternatives such as angkak (red yeast rice) and dragon fruit skin extract.
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Ollberding, Nicholas J., Gertraud Maskarinec, Shannon M. Conroy, Yukiko Morimoto, Adrian A. Franke, Robert V. Cooney, Lynne R. Wilkens, et al. "Prediagnostic circulating carotenoid levels and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Multiethnic Cohort." Blood 119, no. 24 (June 14, 2012): 5817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-02-413609.
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Abstract This analysis examined the association of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) with prediagnostic carotenoid levels, a marker for a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Multiethnic Cohort with 271 NHL cases and 538 controls matched on sex, ethnicity, location (Hawaii or Los Angeles), birth year, date and time of blood draw, and hours fasting before blood draw. Serum carotenoid levels were obtained by high-pressure liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) according to tertiles of serum carotenoids and trend tests using continuous variables. Higher total serum carotenoids (ORT3 vs T1 = 0.66 [0.46-0.96]; Ptrend = .02), lycopene (OR = 0.54 [0.38-0.78]; Ptrend = .003), and α-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.53 [0.36-0.78]; Ptrend = .003) were associated with a lower risk of NHL. For retinol (OR = 0.90 [0.61-1.33]; Ptrend = .04), a statistically significant inverse linear trend was detected. Risk estimates remained unchanged with adjustment for NHL risk factors and were similar in analyses stratified by sex and ethnicity; heterogeneity with NHL subtype was detected only for β-carotene. Other carotenoids, including α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin, showed no association with risk. These data provide support for a protective role of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables in the etiology of NHL.
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Sotoodeh, Ali, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, and Adnan Ibrahim. "Experimental Studies of Drying Pineapple with An Active Indirect Solar Tunnel Dryer in Malaysia." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 83, no. 1 (June 4, 2021): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.83.1.105117.
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Abundant sunshine and tropical climate of Malaysia have made pineapple a suitable fruit to be grown in this country. However, to have longer shelf-life, lighter weight for transportation and less storage space, drying of pineapple has been a common preservation method in this country. Open-sun drying used to be most common method of preserving agricultural products. Nevertheless, due to the disadvantages of open sun drying method, solar drying technology has become an alternative method of drying vegetables, fruits, spices, herbs etc. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of active solar tunnel dryer (ASTD) for drying sliced pineapples. The air circulation system in this dryer is based on forced convection system. In active solar tunnel dryer inlet airflow temperature was gained by corrugated absorber plate. During the experiment minimum, maximum and average of absorber thermal efficiency were 13.1% and 24.4%, and 19.8 % respectively. The inlet temperature range was between 260C to 380C, the escalated temperature range was between 340C to 750C on the absorber outlet. Relative humidity (RH) experienced changes due to irradiance intensity, the RH reduced when passed through the absorber plate. The average inlet humidity was 54% while average outlet humidity was 36%. During 9 hours of drying process, pineapple moisture content reduced from 89% to 12.5% and its weight decreased from 5 kg to 0.6 2kg. The peak sun hours were 5.7 hours, and loading density was 1.51 kg/m2.
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Liu, Xiaoran, Klodian Dhana, Jeremy Furtado, Puja Agarwal, Neelum Aggarwal, Christy Tangney, Nancy Laranjo, Vincent Carey, Lisa Barnes, and Frank Sacks. "Higher Plasma α-Carotene Was Associated With Better Cognitive Function: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation Among the MIND Trial Participants." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab033_032.
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Abstract Objectives There is emerging evidence linking fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive function. However, mechanistic evidence underlying this relationship is lacking. We aim to examine the association between plasma carotenoids and cognition in a population at risk for cognitive decline. Methods The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) trial (R01 AG052583) is an ongoing randomized controlled intervention on the effects of the MIND diet in preventing cognitive decline. The primary outcome is global cognition assessed using a battery of 12 cognitive tests. Plasma carotenoid levels were measured in 295 participants. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between blood nutrients and global and domain-specific cognition. Model was adjusted for age, sex, education, study site, smoking status, and frequency of cognitive and physical activities. The Benjamini-Hochberg method with a false discovery rate of 0.25 was used for multiple testing. Results Participants are predominantly Caucasian females (68%) with obesity (BMI 33.6) and a mean age of 69.8 years. High plasma α-carotene was associated with higher average scores for a global measure of cognition. Individuals in the highest tertile of plasma α-carotene levels (tertile median: 155.8 mcg/L) had a higher average score of 0.17 for global cognition compared to those in the lowest tertile (tertile median: 34.9 mcg/L, P = 0.002). Individuals with high plasma α-carotene levels had a dietary pattern that featured high consumption of vegetables other than green leafy vegetables (i.e., carrots, corn, beets, green beans, and onions), and fruits, as well as, lower consumption of butter, margarine, and fried foods. Plasma levels of α-carotene (p for trend 0.007) and lutein plus zeaxanthin (p for trend 0.009) were also associated with higher mean scores for semantic memory. Conclusions Higher circulating levels of specific forms of carotenoids i.e., α-carotene, lutein plus zeaxanthin was associated with higher scores of global and domain-specific cognitive function in a US population at risk for cognitive decline. Funding Sources Funding: R01 AG052583
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Shrestha, Suman Kumar, and Prajwal Man Pradhan. "Trend of Climate Change in Nepal: The Case from Morang District." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 17 (December 31, 2020): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v17i0.35027.
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Global circulation model (GCM) projections indicate that the temperature over Nepal will increase between 0.5ºC and 2.0ºC with a multi-model mean of 1.4ºC, by the 2030s and between 3.0ºC and 6.3ºC, with a multi-model mean of 4.70C, by the 2090s. In this context, this paper highlights trend of climate change and its impact on crop production practices of Morang district. The research issues are appraised based on secondary data and document review. This study found that crops production trend has been changed in Morang District. It has decreased from 392330 metric ton in 2068/69 into 318841 metric ton in 2069/70. However, the production of Paddy wheat, maize, oilseed, pulses, potato, vegetables fruits and jute are loss but millet, sugarcane, spices, fish, tea, cardamom and mushroom are increased.Due to climate change, different types of insects are attacking Soil fertility is also declining. Climate change has led to a decline in agricultural production due to floods, inundation of arable lands, changes in the timing of cultivation, and failure of previously planted fertilizer seeds. Therefore, the local and central government must provide subsidy to the marginal farmers through the affirmative attractive policies and programs.
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André, Perrine, Jean-Paul Pais de Barros, Bénédicte MJ Merle, Cécilia Samieri, Catherine Helmer, Cécile Delcourt, and Catherine Féart. "Mediterranean diet and prudent diet are both associated with low circulating esterified 3-hydroxy fatty acids, a proxy of LPS burden, among older adults." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 114, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab126.
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ABSTRACT Background LPS-type endotoxins, naturally found in the gut microbiota, are recognized as triggers of inflammation and emerge as detrimental factors of healthy aging. Nutrition represents a promising strategy to reduce LPS burden, yet little is known about the relation of diet to circulating LPS concentrations. Objective The aim was to evaluate the associations between food groups, dietary patterns, and circulating 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FAs), a proxy of LPS burden. Methods In a cross-sectional study of 698 French older community-dwelling individuals, 3-OH FA concentrations were measured by LC–tandem MS. Dietary patterns were determined using food-frequency questionnaires. Adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet was computed according to the consumption of 8 food groups (fruits, vegetables, legumes, cereals, fish, olive oil, meat, and dairy products) and alcohol intake (range: 0, low adherence, to 18, high adherence). Three a posteriori dietary patterns were derived from factor analysis: complex carbohydrate (rich in rice, pasta, eggs, poultry, and potatoes), traditional (rich in alcohol, meat, processed meats–cold cuts, and legumes), and prudent (rich in vegetables and fruits and low in cookies) diets. Linear regression models were applied. Results The frequency of consumption of each food group was not associated with 3-OH FA concentrations. Greater adherence to both the Mediterranean diet and the prudent diet were associated with lower circulating 3-OH FAs (β [95% CI] for each additional point of score: −0.12 [−0.22, −0.01] and −0.27 [−0.48, −0.07], respectively). In contrast, greater adherence to the traditional diet was associated with higher concentration of 3-OH FAs (β [95% CI] 0.22 [0.001, 0.46]). The adherence to the complex-carbohydrate diet was not associated with 3-OH FA concentrations. Conclusions Based on 2 complementary approaches, the identified plant-based dietary patterns were associated with lower 3-OH FA concentrations, and thus a lower LPS burden, which is considered a potent trigger of inflammatory response.
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Busso, Dolores, Andrea David, Reyna Penailillo, Guadalupe Echeverría, Attilio Rigotti, Irina Kovalskys, Georgina Gómez, et al. "Intake of Vitamin E and C in Women of Reproductive Age: Results from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS)." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 1954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061954.
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Vitamin E was identified as a lipophilic compound essential to maintain rat pregnancy. Low vitamin E intake during early pregnancy associates with congenital malformations and embryonic loss in animals and with miscarriage and intrauterine growth restriction in humans. Vitamin E protects cell membranes from lipoperoxidation and exerts non-antioxidant activities. Its function can be restored by vitamin C; thus, intake and circulating levels of both micronutrients are frequently analyzed together. Although substantial vitamin E inadequacy was reported worldwide, its consumption in Latin America (LatAm) is mostly unknown. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud, ELANS), we evaluated vitamin E and C intake in women of reproductive age (WRA) from eight LatAm countries and identified their main food sources. Two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in 3704 women aged from 15 to 49 years and living in urban locations showed low average intake of vitamin E (7.9 mg/day vs. estimated average requirement (EAR) of 12 mg/day) and adequate overall vitamin C consumption (95.5 mg/day vs. EAR of 60 mg/day). The mean regional inadequacy was 89.6% for vitamin E and 36.3% for vitamin C. The primary food sources of vitamin E were fats and oils, as well as vegetables. Vitamin C intake was explained mainly by the consumption of fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Combined deficient intake of both vitamins was observed in 33.7% of LatAm women. Although the implications of low antioxidant vitamins’ consumption in WRA are still unclear, the combined deficient intake of both vitamins observed in one-third of ELANS participants underscores the need for further research on this topic.
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Guo, Weimin, Barbara Shukitt-Hale, Dayong Wu, Lijun Li, Edwin Ortega, Yankun Liu, Michael Thomas, Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian, Mohsen Meydani, and Simin Meydani. "Supplementation with a Novel Combination of Fruits and Vegetables Prevented High Fat Diet-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa057_023.
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Abstract Objectives Dementia and cognitive decline are typical age-related neurological disorders. However, obesity has been linked to premature senescence manifestations in various systems including the central nervous system. Nutritional interventions play a role in curbing obesity-associated disorders. Epidemiological studies suggest that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. The objective of this study was to investigate the causal role of F&V consumption in prevention of high fat diet-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Methods Freeze-dried powder of a mixture of 24 F&V was added into the animal diets. Male C57BL/6 J mice (6 wk) were randomly assigned to one of the three diet groups (12/group): low fat (LF, 10% kcal fat), high fat (HF, 45% kcal fat), and HF plus 15% F&V (HF + F&V). The novel object recognition test was used to evaluate cognitive function at 17 weeks. After 20 weeks, mice were euthanized. Blood and liver were collected and biochemical variables and gene expression levels were determined. Fecal microbiota was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results Compared to the LF group, mice fed the HF diet for 17 weeks had significant cognitive impairment. F&V supplementation significantly reduced the HF diet-induced cognitive impairment. Further, compared to mice fed the LF diet, those fed the HF diet had significantly higher levels of liver lipid peroxides (measured as MDA), and circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and sphingolipid ceramides, all of which are known to contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits. These HF diet-induced adverse effects were significantly reduced in mice fed the HF + F&V diet. In addition, F&V supplementation alleviated HF diet-induced gut dysbiosis and greatly reduced abundance of some of the bacteria associated with inflammation. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the causal role of F&V intake in preventing high fat diet-induced cognition impairment in mice. The beneficial effects of F&V supplementation in improving cognitive function might be due to F&V-induced changes in gut dysbiosis, inflammatory cytokines, and ceramides. Funding Sources This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture — Agricultural Research Service (ARS), under Agreement No. 58-1950-4-003.
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YAMAMOTO, AKIRA. "THE TYPES OF TRANSITION OF VEGETABLES AND FRUITS CIRCULATIONS, AND ITS URBAN PROPERTIES : Study on the planning of wholesale market : Part 3." Journal of Architecture, Planning and Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 358 (1985): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijax.358.0_75.
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Singh, R. B., Fabien DeMeester, and Agnieska Wilczynska. "The Tsim Tsoum Approaches for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease." Cardiology Research and Practice 2010 (2010): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/824938.
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The Tsim Tsoum Concept means that humans evolved on a diet in which nature recommends to ingest fatty acids in a balanced ratio (polyunsaturated(P) : saturated(S) =w-6 : w-3 = 1 : 1)as part of dietary lipid pattern where monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) is the major fatty acid(P : M : S = 1 : 6 : 1) in the background of other dietary factors; antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and fiber as well as physical activity and low mental stress. Several hundred years ago, our diet included natural foods; fruits, vegetables, green vegetables, seeds, eggs and honey. Fish, and wild meat were also available to pre-agricultural humans which shaped modern human genetic nutritional requirement. Cereal grains (refined), and vegetable oils that are rich in w-6 fatty acids are relatively recent addition to the human diet that represent dramatic departure from those foods to which we are adapted. Excess of linoleic acid, trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated and total fat as well as refined starches and sugar are proinflammatory. Low dietary MUFA and n-3 fatty acids and other long chain polyunsarurated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Increased sympathetic activity with greater secretion of neurotransmitters in conjunction of underlying long chain PUFA deficiency, and excess of proinflammatory nutrients, may damage the neurons via proinflammatory cytokines, in the ventromedial hypothalamus and insulin receptors in the brain.Since, 30–50% of the fatty acids in the brain are LCPUFA, especially omega-3 fatty acids, which are incorporated in the cell membrane phospholipids, it is possible that their supplementation may be protective.Blood lipid composition does reflect one's health status: (a) circulating serum lipoproteins and their ratio provide information on their atherogenicity to blood vessels and (b) circulating plasma fatty acids, such as w-6/w-3 fatty acid ratio, give indication on proinflammatory status of blood vessels, cardiomyocytes, liver cells and neurones; (a) and (b) are phenotype-related and depend on genetic, environmental and developmental factors. As such, they appear as universal markers for holistic health and these may be important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, which is the main consideration of Tsim Tsoum concept.
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J.M, Aswathy, Bosco Lawarence, and Murugan K. "ANTHOCYANIN, THE NATURAL COLORANT AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN HEALTH AND FOOD INDUSTRY: A SEARCH." Kongunadu Research Journal 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/krj205.
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Anthocyanins are unique plant pigments since they are critical for most of the red, purple and blue pigmentation of flowers, fruits and vegetables. Meanwhile, they are reactive in nature, anthocyanins degrade easily, or react with other compounds such as reactive metals such as iron, aluminum, and tin in the media, toform colorless or brown colored by products. Anthocyanins are glycosides of anthocyanidins (aglycones) and sugars. Anthocyanidins are almost always glycosylated in the 3-position, though glycosylation in other positions and in more than one position at a time is also encountered. Furthermore, the sugar moiety may be acylated with aliphatic or aromatic acids. Anthocyanidins are less in number but anthocyanins show much diversity offered by glycosylation and acylation. 635 anthocyanins were identified in nature, featuring six common aglycones and various types of glycosylations and acylations. Reports suggest that dietary consumption of anthocyanins is good for health. Based upon many cell-line studies, animal models, and human clinical trials, it has been suggested that anthocyanins possess anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic activity, cardiovascular disease prevention, obesity control, and diabetes alleviation properties,all of which are more or less associated with their potent antioxidant property. Evidence suggests that absorption of anthocyanins occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Epithelial tissue uptake seems to be highly efficient, yet transportation into circulation, tissue distribution, and urine excretion are very limited.The bioactivity of bioavailable anthocyanins should be a focus of future research regarding their putative health-promoting effects.
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Jiang, Wei, Hongmei Xu, Elnaz Akbari, Jiang Wen, Shuang Liu, Chenglong Wang, and Jiajun Dong. "Prediction and Analysis of Strawberry Moisture Content based on BP Neural Network Model." Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications 13, no. 4 (October 19, 2020): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213275912666190429161911.
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Background: Moisture content is one of the most important indicators for the quality of fresh strawberries. Currently, several methods are usually employed to detect the moisture content in strawberry. However, these methods are relatively simple and can only be used to detect the moisture content of single samples but not batches of samples. Besides, the integrity of the samples may be destroyed. Therefore, it is important to develop a simple and efficient prediction method for strawberry moisture to facilitate the market circulation of strawberry. Objective: This study aims to establish a novel BP neural network prediction model to predict and analyze strawberry moisture. Methods: Toyonoka and Jingyao strawberries were taken as the research objects. The hyperspectral technology, spectral difference analysis, correlation coefficient method, principal component analysis and artificial neural network technology were combined to predict the moisture content of strawberry. Results: The characteristic wavelengths were highly correlated with the strawberry moisture content. The stability and prediction effect of the BP neural network prediction model based on characteristic wavelengths are superior to those of the prediction model based on principal components, and the correlation coefficients of the calibration set for Toyonaka and Jingyao respectively reached up to 0.9532 and 0.9846 with low levels of standard deviations (0.3204 and 0.3010, respectively). Conclusion: The BP neural network prediction model of strawberry moisture has certain practicability and can provide some reference for the on-line and non-destructive detection of fruits and vegetables.
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Liu, Xinyu, and Xiaojie Jin. "A Novel Transportation Method Based on Dynamic Control of Ripening Environment." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 13, no. 5 (2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.135.08.
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The dynamic control of atmosphere is an important factor for guaranteeing the quality of climacteric products during transportation. As atmosphere changes, respiration climacteric products would rot because of overripeness, thus leading to loss. Moreover, climacteric products must be ripened artificially when delivered to the destination, thereby causing economic waste. In this study, a new transportation method based on dynamic control of ripening environment was designed.The ripeness control method based on the dynamic control of ripening atmosphere was presented to accomplish quality safety during transportation as well as avoid a subsequent extra process of ripening. The transportation method was employed to stem from the ethylene’s ripening effect on climacteric fruits and vegetables. The ethylene generator and air circulation unit, which dynamically regulate and control the dual regional atmosphere of carriages during transportation, were quantitatively controlled by the central treatment layer. Ripeness level could be regulated by controlling the temperatures and time of exogenous ethylene release, to control the quality of products and ripen them. The proposed method was proven feasible through experiments. Results demonstrate that a volume fraction of 0.01% exogenous ethylene allows bananas’ respiratory intensity to reach the peak early; meanwhile, moderate low temperature (16 °C) can enable ethylene peak to appear in advance. Therefore, bananas’ ripeness can be controlled by changing temperatures and the ripening environment when transporting. This study can provide references for the control of products’ ripeness during transportation.
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Kang, Seunghee, Yeni Lim, You Jin Kim, Eun Sung Jung, Dong Ho Suh, Choong Hwan Lee, Eunmi Park, et al. "Multivitamin and Mineral Supplementation Containing Phytonutrients Scavenges Reactive Oxygen Species in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010101.
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Phytonutrients and vitamin and mineral supplementation have been reported to provide increased antioxidant capacity in humans; however, there is still controversy. In the current clinical trial, we examined the antioxidant and DNA protection capacity of a plant-based, multi-vitamin/mineral, and phytonutrient (PMP) supplementation in healthy adults who were habitually low in the consumption of fruits and vegetables. This study was an eight-week, double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial. PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevented DNA damage without altering endogenous antioxidant system. Plasma vitamins and phytonutrients were significantly correlated with ROS scavenging and DNA damage. In addition, gene expression analysis in PBMC showed subtle changes in superoxide metabolic processes. In this study, we showed that supplementation with a PMP significantly improved ROS scavenging activity and prevented DNA damage. However, additional research is still needed to further identify mechanisms of actions and the role of circulating phytonutrient metabolites.
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Mirabelli, Maria, Eusebio Chiefari, Biagio Arcidiacono, Domenica Maria Corigliano, Francesco Saverio Brunetti, Valentina Maggisano, Diego Russo, Daniela Patrizia Foti, and Antonio Brunetti. "Mediterranean Diet Nutrients to Turn the Tide against Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 12, 2020): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041066.
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Insulin resistance (IR), defined as an attenuated biological response to circulating insulin, is a fundamental defect in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and is also linked to a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cognitive impairment, endothelial dysfunction, chronic kidney disease (CKD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and some endocrine tumors, including breast cancer. In obesity, the unbalanced production of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines can lead to the development of IR and its related metabolic complications, which are potentially reversible through weight-loss programs. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), characterized by high consumption of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), nuts, red wine, vegetables and other polyphenol-rich elements, has proved to be associated with greater improvement of IR in obese individuals, when compared to other nutritional interventions. Also, recent studies in either experimental animal models or in humans, have shown encouraging results for insulin-sensitizing nutritional supplements derived from MedDiet food sources in the modulation of pathognomonic traits of certain IR-related conditions, including polyunsaturated fatty acids from olive oil and seeds, anthocyanins from purple vegetables and fruits, resveratrol from grapes, and the EVOO-derived, oleacein. Although the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of these functional nutrients are still under investigation, the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the metabolic benefits appear to be compound-specific and, in some cases, point to a role in gene expression through an involvement of the nuclear high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein.
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Hosseini, Banafshe, Bronwyn S. Berthon, Ahmad Saedisomeolia, Malcolm R. Starkey, Adam Collison, Peter A. B. Wark, and Lisa G. Wood. "Effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and immune cell populations: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 108, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy082.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Inflammation is associated with an increased risk of a range of chronic diseases. A diet high in fruit and vegetables may help to reduce inflammation, as fruit and vegetables are rich sources of antioxidants and other biologically active substances, which may improve immune function. OBJECTIVE To summarize the evidence, we executed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of fruit and/or vegetable intake on inflammatory biomarkers and immune cells in humans with different diseases and conditions. Design Electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL, and EMBASE were systematically searched up to March 2018. RESULTS Eighty-three studies were included. Of these, 71 (86%) were clinical trials, and 12 were observational studies (n = 10 cross-sectional and n = 2 cohort). Amongst the observational research, n = 10 studies found an inverse association between intakes of fruit or vegetables and inflammatory biomarkers. Similarly, the majority of the intervention studies (68%, n = 48) reported beneficial effects of fruit or vegetable intake on ≥1 biomarker of systemic or airway inflammation. A meta-analysis of included studies showed that fruit or vegetable intake decreased circulating levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.05) and increased the γδ-T cell population (P < 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, this review suggests that higher intakes of fruit and vegetables lead to both a reduction in proinflammatory mediators and an enhanced immune cell profile.
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Olmedilla, Begoña, Fernando Granado, Susan Southon, Anthony J. A. Wright, Inmaculada Blanco, Enrique Gil-Martinez, Henk van den Berg, et al. "Serum concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins A, E, and C in control subjects from five European countries." British Journal of Nutrition 85, no. 2 (February 2001): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000248.
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High intakes of fruits and vegetables, or high circulating levels of their biomarkers (carotenoids, vitamins C and E), have been associated with a relatively low incidence of cardiovascular disease, cataract and cancer. Exposure to a high fruit and vegetable diet increases antioxidant concentrations in blood and body tissues, and potentially protects against oxidative damage to cells and tissues. This paper describes blood concentrations of carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbic acid and retinol in well-defined groups of healthy, non-smokers, aged 25–45 years, 175 men and 174 women from five European countries (France, UK (Northern Ireland), Republic of Ireland, The Netherlands and Spain). Analysis was centralised and performed within 18 months. Within-gender, vitamin C showed no significant differences between centres. Females in France, Republic of Ireland and Spain had significantly higher plasma vitamin C concentrations than their male counterparts. Serum retinol and α-tocopherol levels were similar between centres, but γ-tocopherol showed a great variability being the lowest in Spain and France, and the highest in The Netherlands. The provitamin A: non-provitamin A carotenoid ratio was similar among countries, whereas the xanthophylls (lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin) to carotenes (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene) ratio was double in southern (Spain) compared to the northern areas (Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland). Serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin were highest in France and Spain; β-cryptoxanthin was highest in Spain and The Netherlands;trans-lycopene tended to be highest in Irish males and lowest in Spanish males; α-carotene and β-carotene were higher in the French volunteers. Due to the study design, the concentrations of carotenoids and vitamins A, C and E represent physiological ranges achievable by dietary means and may be considered as ‘reference values’ in serum of healthy, non-smoking middle-aged subjects from five European countries. The results suggest that lutein (and zeaxanthin), β-cryptoxanthin, total xanthophylls and γ-tocopherol (and α- : γ-tocopherol) may be important markers related to the healthy or protective effects of the Mediterranean-like diet.
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Chikulo, Shiela, Paul Hebinck, and Bill Kinsey. "‘Mbare Musika is ours’: An analysis of a fresh produce market in Zimbabwe." African Affairs 119, no. 476 (April 1, 2020): 311–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adaa003.
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Abstract The functioning of markets is premised on the creation of collaborative relationships and networks. Food markets in Zimbabwe are evolving in response to state interventions that aim to restructure the marketplace and the flow of produce. This article explores Mbare Musika, the oldest and largest marketplace in Harare supplying the city with fresh fruit and vegetables. We analyse Mbare Musika from the perspective of the interactions among farmers and retailers, vendors, transporters, intermediaries, officials, and customers, in creating and sustaining a specific enduring market. We use actor narratives to understand the ordering and (re)ordering of people and produce in the context of informalization, shifting polycentric relationships, and market infrastructure to sustain livelihoods anchored on the circulation of large volumes of diverse fresh produce. The market is overtly economic in outlook but, intrinsically, it is a social arena where discourses are continuously reconstructed, reproduced, and expressed through daily interactions. We situate Mbare Musika in past and present sociopolitical processes of transformation in Zimbabwe.
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Maskarinec, Gertraud, Yukiko Morimoto, Yumie Takata, Suzanne P. Murphy, and Frank Z. Stanczyk. "Alcohol and dietary fibre intakes affect circulating sex hormones among premenopausal women." Public Health Nutrition 9, no. 7 (October 2006): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/phn2005923.
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AbstractBackgroundThe association of alcohol and fibre intake with breast cancer may be mediated by circulating sex hormone levels, which are predictors of breast cancer risk.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship of alcohol and dietary fibre intake with circulating sex hormone levels among premenopausal women.MethodsA total of 205 premenopausal women completed a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline and after 2 years; blood samples taken at the same time were analysed for circulating sex hormone concentrations, including oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2), free E2, progesterone, androstenedione and sex hormone-binding globulin, by radioimmunoassay. We used mixed models to estimate least-square means of sex hormone concentrations for alcohol intake categories and quartiles of dietary intake.ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, alcohol consumption was moderately associated with higher circulating oestrogen levels; those who consumed more than one drink per day had 20% higher E2 (Ptrend = 0.07) levels than non-drinkers. In contrast, higher dietary fibre intake was associated with lower serum levels of androstenedione (−8% between the lowest and highest quartiles of intake, Ptrend = 0.06), but not oestrogens. Similarly, consumption of fruits (−12%, Ptrend = 0.03), vegetables (−9%, Ptrend = 0.15) and whole grains (−7%, Ptrend = 0.07) showed inverse associations with androstenedione levels.ConclusionsThe consistency of the observed differences in sex hormone levels associated with alcohol and fibre-rich foods indicates that these nutritional factors may affect sex hormone concentrations and play a role in breast cancer aetiology and prevention.
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Morand, Christine, Vanessa Crespy, Claudine Manach, Catherine Besson, Christian Demigné, and Christian Rémésy. "Plasma metabolites of quercetin and their antioxidant properties." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 275, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): R212—R219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.1.r212.
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Quercetin is one of the most widely distributed flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. The present experiments were performed on rats adapted for 3 wk to a semipurified diet supplemented with 0.2% quercetin. The major part of the circulating metabolites of quercetin (91.5%) are glucurono-sulfo conjugates of isorhamnetin (3′-O-methyl quercetin; 89.1 ± 2.1 μM) and of quercetin (14.7 ± 1.7 μM); the minor part (8.5%) is constituted by glucuronides of quercetin and its methoxylated forms (9.6 ± 2.3 μM). Conjugated dienes formation, resulting from Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of rat very low density lipoproteins + low density lipoproteins (LDL), was effectively inhibited in vitro by conjugated metabolites of quercetin. These metabolites appeared to be four times more potent than trolox in inhibiting LDL oxidation. Moreover, the plasma from rats adapted to a diet containing 0.2% quercetin exhibited a total antioxidant status markedly higher than that of control rats (+60%). This study shows that ubiquitous quercetin is conjugated in vivo, yielding metabolites that exhibit antioxidant properties. Thus the health benefits of flavonoids in foods can be due to the antioxidant properties of their metabolites.
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Bolshak, Y., O. Kalenyk, A. Marynin, and R. Svyatnenko. "Research of regularities of formation of health-improving antioxidant electron-donor properties of functional drinking water modified with ascorbic and citric acids." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 22, no. 94 (October 28, 2020): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9401.
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Drinking water is a food of special physiological value, as evidenced by a critically short for health and life endurance of complete dehydration of the body (no replenishment of drinking water) in 9–10 days along with 45–49 days of life without food. However, even without extreme circumstances, without any shortage of drinking water and food, the quality of the latter has a serious impact on human health. For some time, as environmental pollution increased, the efforts of hygienists were aimed at ensuring the safety of drinking water through its appropriate physical and chemical treatment. Then came the realization that the microbiological and chemical safety of drinking water does not guarantee its inherent in the best samples of natural water physiological value. The meaning of this newly introduced into the normative circulation of the concept is the awareness of the importance of water as a source of replenishment of the body physiologically necessary for normal life minerals and trace elements. Subsequently, nutrients were synthesized that are produced by the body itself and the normal content of which in cells is critical for life. Natural sources of replenishment of the body with nutrients (good food and especially vegetables, berries, fruits, etc.) for various reasons are not always available to many people, so specially prepared drinking (functional) water has gained in recent years growing popularity and high health value. The presented results of research of functional water on the basis of ascorbic and citric acid are our contribution to the development of methods of health nutrition. The influence of functional water with acquired antioxidant properties on the human body is substantiated. The developed water provides drinking water with a pleasant harmonious taste, which has a tonic and healing effect, increasing the body's resistance to fatigue and stress. The development relates to the field of production of soft drinks, in particular drinking water.
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Lopez, Jose J., Mohammed El Haouari, Isaac Jardin, Nieves Alonso, Sergio Regodon, Raquel Diez-Bello, Pedro C. Redondo, and Juan A. Rosado. "Flavonoids and Platelet-Derived Thrombotic Disorders." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 39 (January 3, 2019): 7035–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180417170218.
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: Thrombotic disorders are characterized by an increase in the probability of the formation of unnecessary thrombi that might be due to the activation of the coagulation cascade or the circulating platelets. Platelets or thrombocytes play an essential role in hemostasis but abnormal platelet function leads to the development of a number of cardiovascular complications, including thrombotic disorders. Under pathological conditions, platelets are associated with the development of different thrombotic disorders, including atherosclerosis, arterial thrombosis and stroke, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; therefore, platelets are the target of a number of anti-thrombotic strategies. Flavonoids, a large group of polyphenols ubiquitously expressed in fruits and vegetables that have attracted considerable attention because of their benefits in human health, including the reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids have been reported to reduce platelet activity by attenuating agonist-induced GPIIb/IIIa receptor activation, mobilization of intracellular free Ca2+, granule exocytosis, as well as activation of different signaling molecules such as mitogen- activated protein kinases or phospholipases. This review summarizes the current studies concerning the modulation of platelet activation by flavonoids, giving especial attention to those events associated to thrombotic disorders.
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Gayrabekov, Ruslan Kh, Raisa Kh Gayrabekova, Ayna M. Dochtukaeva, Fatima S. Turlova, and Yacha S. Usaeva. "Some Peculiarities of Episootic Process during Entorobacteriosis in Small Ruminants on the Territory of the Chechen Republic." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i2.1649.
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Enterobacteriosis in agricultural animals are quite widespread. These are human and animal infectious diseases caused by pathogenic or opportunistic pathogenic representatives of various geni of the Enterobacteriaceae family, that often lead to the death of infected individuals. Enterobacteria capable of causing infectious diseases are widespread in nature, as they are isolated from soil, water, fruit, vegetables, grains, plants, representatives of various systematic groups of animals and humans. Among these microorganisms there is a wide variety of strains that differ by ecological properties, hosts range and pathogenicity for plants, animals and humans. A number of species cause gastrointestinal diseases, i.e. are enteropathogenic. Representatives of 12 geni out of the 30 from the Enterobacteriaceae family - Citrobacter, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Hafnia, Klebsiella, Morganella, Proteus, Providencia, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Yersinia, are responsible for different pathologies in animals. There is lack of research data on the main pathogens diagnostics, peculiarities of the epizootic process at these diseases, the mechanisms of circulation and the species composition. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the spread of enterobacteriosis and to assess some peculiarities of the epizootic process at these diseases on the territory of the Chechen Republic.
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Litonjua, Augusto A. "Fat-soluble vitamins and atopic disease: what is the evidence?" Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 71, no. 1 (November 25, 2011): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002966511100334x.
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The prevalence of asthma and other atopic disorders continues to increase worldwide. Examination of the epidemiologic patterns has revealed that this rise has occurred primarily in western, industrialised countries and countries transitioning to this lifestyle. While many changes have occurred in human populations over the years, it has been hypothesised that some of the relevant changes that have led to the rise in asthma and atopic disorders have been the changes from a traditional diet to a more western diet consisting of decreased intake of fruits and vegetables (sources of antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids) leading to decreased intakes of vitamins E and A, and a decrease in sun exposure (e.g. greater time spent indoors and heavy use of sunscreen) leading to decreased circulating levels of vitamin D. This review will examine the evidence for an effect of fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D and K) on the development and severity of assthma and allergies. While observational studies suggest that these vitamins may play a salutary role in asthma and allergies, large, well-designed clinical trials are lacking. Of the fat-soluble vitamins, vitamin D holds great promise as an agent for primary and secondary prevention of disease. Ongoing clinical trials will help determine whether results of observational studies can be applied to the clinical setting.
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Upadhyay, Swapna, and Madhulika Dixit. "Role of Polyphenols and Other Phytochemicals on Molecular Signaling." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/504253.
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Optimized nutrition through supplementation of diet with plant derived phytochemicals has attracted significant attention to prevent the onset of many chronic diseases including cardiovascular impairments, cancer, and metabolic disorder. These phytonutrients alone or in combination with others are believed to impart beneficial effects and play pivotal role in metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Epidemiological and preclinical studies demonstrated that fruits, vegetables, and beverages rich in carotenoids, isoflavones, phytoestrogens, and phytosterols delay the onset of atherosclerosis or act as a chemoprotective agent by interacting with the underlying pathomechanisms. Phytochemicals exert their beneficial effects either by reducing the circulating levels of cholesterol or by inhibiting lipid oxidation, while others exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activities. Additionally, they reduce neointimal thickening by inhibiting proliferation of smooth muscle cells and also improve endothelium dependent vasorelaxation by modulating bioavailability of nitric-oxide and voltage-gated ion channels. However, detailed and profound knowledge on specific molecular targets of each phytochemical is very important to ensure safe use of these active compounds as a therapeutic agent. Thus, this paper reviews the active antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, or antiangiogenesis role of various phytochemicals for prevention of chronic diseases.
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Wali, Jibran A., Yen Chin Koay, Jason Chami, Courtney Wood, Leo Corcilius, Richard J. Payne, Roman N. Rodionov, et al. "Nutritional and metabolic regulation of the metabolite dimethylguanidino valeric acid: an early marker of cardiometabolic disease." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 319, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): E509—E518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00207.2020.
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Dimethylguanidino valeric acid (DMGV) is a marker of fatty liver disease, incident coronary artery disease, cardiovascular mortality, and incident diabetes. Recently, it was reported that circulating DMGV levels correlated positively with consumption of sugary beverages and negatively with intake of fruits and vegetables in three Swedish community-based cohorts. Here, we validate these results in the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort. Furthermore, in mice, diets rich in sucrose or fat significantly increased plasma DMGV concentrations. DMGV is the product of metabolism of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) by the hepatic enzyme AGXT2. ADMA can also be metabolized to citrulline by the cytoplasmic enzyme DDAH1. We report that a high-sucrose diet induced conversion of ADMA exclusively into DMGV (supporting the relationship with sugary beverage intake in humans), while a high-fat diet promoted conversion of ADMA to both DMGV and citrulline. On the contrary, replacing dietary native starch with high-fiber-resistant starch increased ADMA concentrations and induced its conversion to citrulline, without altering DMGV concentrations. In a cohort of obese nondiabetic adults, circulating DMGV concentrations increased and ADMA levels decreased in those with either liver or muscle insulin resistance. This was similar to changes in DMGV and ADMA concentrations found in mice fed a high-sucrose diet. Sucrose is a disaccharide of glucose and fructose. Compared with glucose, incubation of hepatocytes with fructose significantly increased DMGV production. Overall, we provide a comprehensive picture of the dietary determinants of DMGV levels and association with insulin resistance.
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Lomangino, Kevin. "Fruits and Vegetables." Clinical Nutrition INSIGHT 36, no. 12 (December 2010): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000391421.73382.28.
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Baghurst, Katrine. "Fruits and Vegetables." Nutrition Today 38, no. 1 (January 2003): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00017285-200301000-00004.
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Gerhauser, Clarissa. "Impact of dietary gut microbial metabolites on the epigenome." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1748 (April 23, 2018): 20170359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0359.
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Within the past decade, epigenetic mechanisms and their modulation by natural products have gained increasing interest. Dietary bioactive compounds from various sources, including green tea, soya, fruit and berries, cruciferous vegetables, whole grain foods, fish and others, have been shown to target enzymes involved in epigenetic gene regulation, including DNA methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases and demethylases in vitro and in cell culture. Also, many dietary agents were shown to alter miRNA expression. In vivo studies in animal models and humans are still limited. Recent research has indicated that the gut microbiota and gut microbial metabolites might be important mediators of diet–epigenome interactions. Inter-individual differences in the gut microbiome might affect release, metabolism and bioavailability of dietary agents and explain variability in response to intervention in human studies. Only a few microbial metabolites, including folate, phenolic acids, S -(−)equol, urolithins, isothiocyanates, and short- and long-chain fatty acids have been tested with respect to their potential to influence epigenetic mechanisms. Considering that a complex mixture of intermediary and microbial metabolites is present in human circulation, a more systematic interdisciplinary investigation of nutri-epigenetic activities and their impact on human health is called for. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology’.
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Petyaev, Ivan M. "Lycopene Deficiency in Ageing and Cardiovascular Disease." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3218605.
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Lycopene is a hydrocarbon phytochemical belonging to the tetraterpene carotenoid family and is found in red fruit and vegetables. Eleven conjugated double bonds predetermine the antioxidant properties of lycopene and its ability to scavenge lipid peroxyl radicals, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide. Lycopene has a low bioavailability rate and appears in the blood circulation incorporated into chylomicrons and other apo-B containing lipoproteins. The recent body of evidence suggests that plasma concentration of lycopene is not only a function of intestinal absorption rate but also lycopene breakdown via enzymatic and oxidative pathways in blood and tissues. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide may represent a major cause of lycopene depletion in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been shown recently that low carotenoid levels, and especially decreased serum lycopene levels, are strongly predictive of all-cause mortality and poor outcomes of cardiovascular disease. However, there is a poor statistical association between dietary and serum lycopene levels which occurs due to limited bioavailability of lycopene from dietary sources. Hence, it is very unlikely that nutritional intervention alone could be instrumental in the correction of lycopene and carotenoid deficiency. Therefore, new nutraceutical formulations of carotenoids with enhanced bioavailability are urgently needed.
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Barnett, Matthew P. G., Wayne Young, Kelly Armstrong, Diane Brewster, Janine M. Cooney, Stephanie Ellett, Richard V. Espley, et al. "A Polyphenol Enriched Variety of Apple Alters Circulating Immune Cell Gene Expression and Faecal Microbiota Composition in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Nutrients 13, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13041092.
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Polyphenols within fruits and vegetables may contribute to health benefits due to their consumption, with the anthocyanin sub-set also adding colour. The Lemonade™ apple variety has green skin and white flesh, with low anthocyanin content, while some apple varieties have high anthocyanin content in both the skin and flesh. Effects of red compared with white-fleshed apples were studied in healthy human subjects in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention trial. Twenty-five healthy subjects consumed dried daily portions of the red-fleshed or placebo (white-fleshed) apple for two weeks, followed by one-week washout and further two-week crossover period. During the study, volunteers provided faecal samples for microbiota composition analysis and blood samples for peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression analysis. Subtle differences were observed in the faecal microbiota of subjects that were fed the different apples, with significant (p < 0.05) reductions in relative abundances of Streptococcus, Ruminococcus, Blautia, and Roseburia, and increased relative abundances of Sutterella, Butyricicoccus, and Lactobacillus in subjects after consuming the red apple. Changes in PBMC gene expression showed 18 mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed between the two groups, of which 16 were immunoglobulin related genes. Pathway analysis showed that these genes had roles in pathways such as immunoglobulin production, B cell-mediated immunity, complement activation, and phagocytosis. In conclusion, this study shows that anthocyanin-rich apples may influence immune function compared to control apples, with changes potentially associated with differences in the faecal microbiota.
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Muñoz, Alexandra, and Max Costa. "Nutritionally Mediated Oxidative Stress and Inflammation." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/610950.
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There are many sources of nutritionally mediated oxidative stress that trigger inflammatory cascades along short and long time frames. These events are primarily mediated via NFκB. On the short-term scale postprandial inflammation is characterized by an increase in circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-αand is mirrored on the long-term by proinflammatory gene expression changes in the adipocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of obese individuals. Specifically the upregulation ofCCL2/MCP-1,CCL3/MIP-1α,CCL4/MIP-1β,CXCL2/MIP-2α, andCXCL3/MIP-2βis noted because these changes have been observed in both adipocytes and PBMC of obese humans. In comparing numerous human intervention studies it is clear that pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory consumption choices mediate gene expression in humans adipocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arachidonic acid and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) both demonstrate an ability to increase pro-inflammatory IL-8 along with numerous other inflammatory factors including IL-6, TNFα, IL-1β, and CXCL1 for arachidonic acid and IGB2 and CTSS for SFA. Antioxidant rich foods including olive oil, fruits, and vegetables all demonstrate an ability to lower levels of IL-6 in PBMCs. Thus, dietary choices play a complex role in the mediation of unavoidable oxidative stress and can serve to exacerbate or dampen the level of inflammation.
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JUKES, THOMAS H. "Vegetables, fruits, and oncologists." Science 232, no. 4746 (April 4, 1986): 11.2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3006252.
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de Ita, A., G. Flores, and F. Franco. "Fruits and vegetables dehydration." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 582 (January 14, 2015): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/582/1/012065.
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