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Journal articles on the topic 'Circulation subpolaire'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Deshayes, Julie, and Claude Frankignoul. "Simulated Variability of the Circulation in the North Atlantic from 1953 to 2003." Journal of Climate 21, no. 19 (2008): 4919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jcli1882.1.

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Abstract The variability of the circulation in the North Atlantic and its link with atmospheric variability are investigated in a realistic hindcast simulation from 1953 to 2003. The interannual-to-decadal variability of the subpolar gyre circulation and the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is mostly influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Both circulations intensified from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s and then decreased. The monthly variability of both circulations reflects the fast barotropic adjustment to NAO-related Ekman pumping anomalies, while the interannual-to-

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2

Deshayes, Julie, Ruth Curry, and Rym Msadek. "CMIP5 Model Intercomparison of Freshwater Budget and Circulation in the North Atlantic." Journal of Climate 27, no. 9 (2014): 3298–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00700.1.

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Abstract The subpolar North Atlantic is a center of variability of ocean properties, wind stress curl, and air–sea exchanges. Observations and hindcast simulations suggest that from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s the subpolar gyre became fresher while the gyre and meridional circulations intensified. This is opposite to the relationship of freshening causing a weakened circulation, most often reproduced by climate models. The authors hypothesize that both these configurations exist but dominate on different time scales: a fresher subpolar gyre when the circulation is more intense, at interan

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3

Barrier, Nicolas, Christophe Cassou, Julie Deshayes, and Anne-Marie Treguier. "Response of North Atlantic Ocean Circulation to Atmospheric Weather Regimes." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 1 (2014): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-12-0217.1.

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Abstract A new framework is proposed for investigating the atmospheric forcing of North Atlantic Ocean circulation. Instead of using classical modes of variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) or the east Atlantic pattern, the weather regimes paradigm was used. Using this framework helped avoid problems associated with the assumptions of orthogonality and symmetry that are particular to modal analysis and known to be unsuitable for the NAO. Using ocean-only historical and sensitivity experiments, the impacts of the four winter weather regimes on horizontal and overturning circ

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4

Wills, Robert C. J., Kyle C. Armour, David S. Battisti, and Dennis L. Hartmann. "Ocean–Atmosphere Dynamical Coupling Fundamental to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation." Journal of Climate 32, no. 1 (2018): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-18-0269.1.

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Abstract The North Atlantic has shown large multidecadal temperature shifts during the twentieth century. There is ongoing debate about whether this variability arises primarily through the influence of atmospheric internal variability, through changes in ocean circulation, or as a response to anthropogenic forcing. This study isolates the mechanisms driving Atlantic sea surface temperature variability on multidecadal time scales by using low-frequency component analysis (LFCA) to separate the influences of high-frequency variability, multidecadal variability, and long-term global warming. Thi

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Le Bras, Isabela, Fiamma Straneo, Morven Muilwijk, et al. "How Much Arctic Fresh Water Participates in the Subpolar Overturning Circulation?" Journal of Physical Oceanography 51, no. 3 (2021): 955–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0240.1.

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AbstractFresh Arctic waters flowing into the Atlantic are thought to have two primary fates. They may be mixed into the deep ocean as part of the overturning circulation, or flow alongside regions of deep water formation without impacting overturning. Climate models suggest that as increasing amounts of freshwater enter the Atlantic, the overturning circulation will be disrupted, yet we lack an understanding of how much freshwater is mixed into the overturning circulation’s deep limb in the present day. To constrain these freshwater pathways, we build steady-state volume, salt, and heat budget

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6

Yeager, Stephen. "Topographic Coupling of the Atlantic Overturning and Gyre Circulations." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 5 (2015): 1258–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0100.1.

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AbstractThe vorticity dynamics associated with the mean and time-varying gyre and overturning circulations of the Atlantic Ocean are examined in a realistic ocean model hindcast simulation of the late twentieth century. Abyssal flow interaction with sloping bottom bathymetry gives rise to the bottom pressure torque (BPT) term of the vertically integrated vorticity equation. The dominance of this term in the closure of the barotropic gyre circulation noted in previous studies is corroborated here for both non-eddy-resolving and eddy-resolving versions of the Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model.

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7

d’Orgeville, Marc, and W. Richard Peltier. "Implications of Both Statistical Equilibrium and Global Warming Simulations with CCSM3. Part II: On the Multidecadal Variability in the North Atlantic Basin." Journal of Climate 22, no. 20 (2009): 5298–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2775.1.

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Abstract The nature of the multidecadal variability in the North Atlantic basin is investigated through detailed analysis of multicentury integrations performed using the low-resolution version of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3), a modern atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model. Specifically, the results of control simulations under both preindustrial and present-day perpetual seasonal cycle conditions are compared to each other and also to the results of five simulations with increasing CO2 concentration scenarios. In the absence of greenhouse gas–induced warm

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8

Wu, Yang, Xiaoming Zhai, and Zhaomin Wang. "Impact of Synoptic Atmospheric Forcing on the Mean Ocean Circulation." Journal of Climate 29, no. 16 (2016): 5709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0819.1.

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Abstract The impact of synoptic atmospheric forcing on the mean ocean circulation is investigated by comparing simulations of a global eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice model forced with and without synoptic atmospheric phenomena. Consistent with previous studies, transient atmospheric motions such as weather systems are found to contribute significantly to the time-mean wind stress and surface heat loss at mid- and high latitudes owing to the nonlinear nature of air–sea turbulent fluxes. Including synoptic atmospheric forcing in the model has led to a number of significant changes. For example, w

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9

Wilson, Earle A., Andrew F. Thompson, Andrew L. Stewart, and Shantong Sun. "Bathymetric Control of Subpolar Gyres and the Overturning Circulation in the Southern Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 52, no. 2 (2022): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-21-0136.1.

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Abstract The subpolar gyres of the Southern Ocean form an important dynamical link between the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and the coastline of Antarctica. Despite their key involvement in the production and export of bottom water and the poleward transport of oceanic heat, these gyres are rarely acknowledged in conceptual models of the Southern Ocean circulation, which tend to focus on the zonally averaged overturning across the ACC. To isolate the effect of these gyres on the regional circulation, we carried out a set of numerical simulations with idealized representations of the Wed

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10

Czaja, Arnaud. "Atmospheric Control on the Thermohaline Circulation." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 1 (2009): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jpo3897.1.

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Abstract In an attempt to elucidate the role of atmospheric and oceanic processes in setting a vigorous ocean overturning circulation in the North Atlantic but not in the North Pacific, a comparison of the observed atmospheric circulation and net surface freshwater fluxes over the North Atlantic and Pacific basins is conducted. It is proposed that the more erratic meridional displacements of the atmospheric jet stream over the North Atlantic sector is instrumental in maintaining high surface salinities in its subpolar gyre. In addition, it is suggested that the spatial pattern of the net fresh

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11

MacGilchrist, Graeme A., Alberto C. Naveira Garabato, Peter J. Brown, et al. "Reframing the carbon cycle of the subpolar Southern Ocean." Science Advances 5, no. 8 (2019): eaav6410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav6410.

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Global climate is critically sensitive to physical and biogeochemical dynamics in the subpolar Southern Ocean, since it is here that deep, carbon-rich layers of the world ocean outcrop and exchange carbon with the atmosphere. Here, we present evidence that the conventional framework for the subpolar Southern Ocean carbon cycle, which attributes a dominant role to the vertical overturning circulation and shelf-sea processes, fundamentally misrepresents the drivers of regional carbon uptake. Observations in the Weddell Gyre—a key representative region of the subpolar Southern Ocean—show that the

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12

Wen, Qin, and Haijun Yang. "Investigating the Role of the Tibetan Plateau in the Formation of Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation." Journal of Climate 33, no. 9 (2020): 3603–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0206.1.

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AbstractThe effects of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the Pacific Ocean circulation are investigated using a fully coupled climate model. Sensitivity experiments are designed to demonstrate that the presence of the TP is the reason for the lack of strong deep water formation in the subpolar North Pacific, because removing the TP in the model would enable the establishment of the Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC). The processes involved are described in detail as follows. Removing the TP in the model would excite an anomalous high pressure over the subpolar North Pacific, causing a

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13

Li, Feili, M. Susan Lozier, and William E. Johns. "Calculating the Meridional Volume, Heat, and Freshwater Transports from an Observing System in the Subpolar North Atlantic: Observing System Simulation Experiment." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 7 (2017): 1483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0247.1.

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AbstractA transbasin monitoring array from Labrador to Scotland was deployed in the summer of 2014 as part of the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP). The aim of the observing system is to provide a multiyear continuous measure of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the associated meridional heat and freshwater transports in the subpolar North Atlantic. Results from the array are expected to improve the understanding of the variability of the subpolar transports and the nature and degree of the AMOC’s latitudinal dependence. In this present work, t

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14

Born, Andreas, and Thomas F. Stocker. "Two Stable Equilibria of the Atlantic Subpolar Gyre." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 1 (2014): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-073.1.

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Abstract The cyclonic circulation of the Atlantic subpolar gyre is a key mechanism for North Atlantic climate variability on a wide range of time scales. It is generally accepted that it is driven by both cyclonic winds and buoyancy forcing, yet the individual importance and dynamical interactions of the two contributions remain unclear. The authors propose a simplified four-box model representing the convective basin of the Labrador Sea and its shallow and deep boundary current system, the western subpolar gyre. Convective heat loss drives a baroclinic flow of relatively light water around th

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15

Solman, Silvina A., and Isidoro Orlanski. "Subpolar High Anomaly Preconditioning Precipitation over South America." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 5 (2010): 1526–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3309.1.

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Abstract The mechanisms associated with the intraseasonal variability of precipitation over South America during the spring season are investigated with emphasis on the influence of a quasi-stationary anomalous circulation over the southeastern South Pacific Ocean (SEP). A spectral analysis performed to the bandpass-filtered time series of daily precipitation anomalies for the La Plata Basin (LPB) and the South Atlantic convergence zone (SACZ) regions revealed several statistically relevant peaks corresponding to periods of roughly 23 days and 14–16 days—with the lower (higher) frequency peaks

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16

Zhao, Bowen, Thomas Reichler, Courtenay Strong, and Cecile Penland. "Simultaneous Evolution of Gyre and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation Anomalies as an Eigenmode of the North Atlantic System." Journal of Climate 30, no. 17 (2017): 6737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0751.1.

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The authors identify an interdecadal oscillatory mode of the North Atlantic atmosphere–ocean system in a general circulation model (GFDL CM2.1) via a linear inverse model (LIM). The oscillation mechanism is mostly embedded in the subpolar gyre: anomalous advection generates density anomalies in the eastern subpolar gyre, which propagate along the mean gyre circulation and reach the subpolar gyre center around 10 years later, when associated anomalous advection of the opposite sign starts the other half cycle. As density anomalies reach the Labrador Sea deep convection region, Atlantic meridion

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17

Berk, J. van den, S. S. Drijfhout, and W. Hazeleger. "Circulation adjustment in the Arctic and Atlantic in response to Greenland and Antarctic mass loss." Climate Dynamics 57, no. 7-8 (2021): 1689–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05755-3.

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AbstractFollowing a high-end projection for mass loss from the Greenland and Antarctic ice-sheets, a freshwater forcing was applied to the ocean surface in the coupled climate model EC-Earthv2.2 to study the response to meltwater release assuming an RCP8.5 emission scenario. The meltwater forcing results in an overall freshening of the Atlantic that is dominated by advective changes, strongly enhancing the freshening due to dilution by Greenland meltwater release. The strongest circulation change occurs in the western North Atlantic subpolar gyre and in the gyre in the Nordic Seas, leaving the

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18

Hakkinen, S. "Decline of Subpolar North Atlantic Circulation During the 1990s." Science 304, no. 5670 (2004): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1094917.

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19

Yang, Hu, Gerrit Lohmann, Xiaoxu Shi, and Chao Li. "Enhanced Mid-Latitude Meridional Heat Imbalance Induced by the Ocean." Atmosphere 10, no. 12 (2019): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120746.

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The heat imbalance is the fundamental driver for the atmospheric circulation. Therefore, it is crucially important to understand how it responds to global warming. In this study, the role of the ocean in reshaping the atmospheric meridional heat imbalance is explored based on observations and climate simulations. We found that ocean tends to strengthen the meridional heat imbalance over the mid-latitudes. This is primarily because of the uneven ocean heat uptake between the subtropical and subpolar oceans. Under global warming, the subtropical ocean absorbs relatively less heat as the water th

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20

Lai, W. K. M., J. I. Robson, L. J. Wilcox, and N. Dunstone. "Mechanisms of Internal Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in HadGEM3-GC3.1 at Two Different Resolutions." Journal of Climate 35, no. 4 (2022): 1365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-21-0281.1.

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Abstract This study broadly characterizes and compares the key processes governing internal Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) in two resolutions of HadGEM3-GC3.1: N216ORCA025, corresponding to ∼60 km in the atmosphere and 0.25° in the ocean, and N96ORCA1 (∼135 km in the atmosphere and 1° in the ocean). Both models simulate AMV with a time scale of 60–80 years, which is related to low-frequency ocean and atmosphere circulation changes. In both models, ocean heat transport convergence dominates polar and subpolar AMV, whereas surface heat fluxes associated with cloud changes drive subtropi

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21

Ortega, Pablo, Jon I. Robson, Matthew Menary, et al. "Labrador Sea subsurface density as a precursor of multidecadal variability in the North Atlantic: a multi-model study." Earth System Dynamics 12, no. 2 (2021): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-12-419-2021.

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Abstract. The subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is a region with prominent decadal variability that has experienced remarkable warming and cooling trends in the last few decades. These observed trends have been preceded by slow-paced increases and decreases in the Labrador Sea density (LSD), which are thought to be a precursor of large-scale ocean circulation changes. This article analyses the interrelationships between the LSD and the wider North Atlantic across an ensemble of coupled climate model simulations. In particular, it analyses the link between subsurface density and the deep boundary

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22

Levang, Samuel J., and Raymond W. Schmitt. "What Causes the AMOC to Weaken in CMIP5?" Journal of Climate 33, no. 4 (2020): 1535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0547.1.

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AbstractIn a transient warming scenario, the North Atlantic is influenced by a complex pattern of surface buoyancy flux changes that ultimately weaken the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here we study the AMOC response in the CMIP5 experiment, using the near-geostrophic balance of the AMOC on interannual time scales to identify the role of temperature and salinity changes in altering the circulation. The thermal wind relationship is used to quantify changes in the zonal density gradients that control the strength of the flow. At 40°N, where the overturning cell is at its st

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23

Rhein, Monika, Dagmar Kieke, Sabine Hüttl-Kabus, et al. "Deep water formation, the subpolar gyre, and the meridional overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58, no. 17-18 (2011): 1819–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.061.

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24

Fu, Yao, Feili Li, Johannes Karstensen, and Chunzai Wang. "A stable Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a changing North Atlantic Ocean since the 1990s." Science Advances 6, no. 48 (2020): eabc7836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc7836.

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The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is crucially important to global climate. Model simulations suggest that the AMOC may have been weakening over decades. However, existing array-based AMOC observations are not long enough to capture multidecadal changes. Here, we use repeated hydrographic sections in the subtropical and subpolar North Atlantic, combined with an inverse model constrained using satellite altimetry, to jointly analyze AMOC and hydrographic changes over the past three decades. We show that the AMOC state in the past decade is not distinctly different from that

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25

Meccia, Virna L., Doroteaciro Iovino, and Alessio Bellucci. "North Atlantic gyre circulation in PRIMAVERA models." Climate Dynamics 56, no. 11-12 (2021): 4075–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05686-z.

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AbstractWe study the impact of horizontal resolution in setting the North Atlantic gyre circulation and representing the ocean–atmosphere interactions that modulate the low-frequency variability in the region. Simulations from five state-of-the-art climate models performed at standard and high-resolution as part of the High-Resolution Model Inter-comparison Project (HighResMIP) were analysed. In some models, the resolution is enhanced in the atmospheric and oceanic components whereas, in some other models, the resolution is increased only in the atmosphere. Enhancing the horizontal resolution

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26

Lozier, M. S., F. Li, S. Bacon, et al. "A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic." Science 363, no. 6426 (2019): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau6592.

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To provide an observational basis for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections of a slowing Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in the 21st century, the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) observing system was launched in the summer of 2014. The first 21-month record reveals a highly variable overturning circulation responsible for the majority of the heat and freshwater transport across the OSNAP line. In a departure from the prevailing view that changes in deep water formation in the Labrador Sea dominate MOC variability, these results su

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27

Koman, G., W. E. Johns, A. Houk, L. Houpert, and F. Li. "Circulation and overturning in the eastern North Atlantic subpolar gyre." Progress in Oceanography 208 (November 2022): 102884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102884.

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28

Hatun, H. "Influence of the Atlantic Subpolar Gyre on the Thermohaline Circulation." Science 309, no. 5742 (2005): 1841–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1114777.

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29

Palter, Jaime B., Charles‐André Caron, Kara Lavender Law, et al. "Variability of the directly observed, middepth subpolar North Atlantic circulation." Geophysical Research Letters 43, no. 6 (2016): 2700–2708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015gl067235.

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30

Gastineau, Guillaume, and Claude Frankignoul. "Influence of the North Atlantic SST Variability on the Atmospheric Circulation during the Twentieth Century." Journal of Climate 28, no. 4 (2015): 1396–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00424.1.

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Abstract The ocean–atmosphere coupling in the North Atlantic is investigated during the twentieth century using maximum covariance analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) and 500-hPa geopotential height analyses and performing regressions on dynamical diagnostics such as Eady growth rate, wave activity flux, and velocity potential. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) generates the so-called SST anomaly tripole. A rather similar SST anomaly tripole, with the subpolar anomaly displaced to the east and a more contracted subtropical anomaly, which is referred to as the North Atlantic horseshoe

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31

McManus, Jerry F., Delia W. Oppo, Lloyd D. Keigwin, James L. Cullen, and Gerard C. Bond. "Thermohaline Circulation and Prolonged Interglacial Warmth in the North Atlantic." Quaternary Research 58, no. 1 (2002): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2002.2367.

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AbstractDeep-sea sediment cores provide spatially coherent evidence for the climatic and hydrographic conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during the last interglaciation. Taken together with similarly high-resolution terrestrial sequences, these records indicate a regional climatic progression, beginning with the extreme and variable climate late in the penultimate glaciation, continuing through a relatively stable climatic optimum during the interglaciation, and concluding with the reestablishment of the markedly variable regime that characterized the last 100,000-yr glaciation. Relativ

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Cessi, Paola. "The Effect of Northern Hemisphere Winds on the Meridional Overturning Circulation and Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 48, no. 10 (2018): 2495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0085.1.

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AbstractThe current paradigm for the meridional overturning cell and the associated middepth stratification is that the wind stress in the subpolar region of the Southern Ocean drives a northward Ekman flow, which, together with the global diapycnal mixing across the lower boundary of the middepth waters, feeds the upper branch of the interhemispheric overturning. The resulting mass transport proceeds to the Northern Hemisphere of the North Atlantic, where it sinks, to be eventually returned to the Southern Ocean at depth. Seemingly, the wind stress in the Atlantic basin plays no role. This as

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Yeager, Stephen, and Gokhan Danabasoglu. "The Origins of Late-Twentieth-Century Variations in the Large-Scale North Atlantic Circulation." Journal of Climate 27, no. 9 (2014): 3222–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00125.1.

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Abstract Surface forcing perturbation experiments are examined to identify the key forcing elements associated with late-twentieth-century interannual-to-decadal Atlantic circulation variability as simulated in an ocean–sea ice hindcast configuration of the Community Earth System Model, version 1 (CESM1). Buoyancy forcing accounts for most of the decadal variability in both the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and the subpolar gyre circulation, and the key drivers of these basin-scale circulation changes are found to be the turbulent buoyancy fluxes: evaporation as well as th

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Garuba, Oluwayemi A., and Barry A. Klinger. "The Role of Individual Surface Flux Components in the Passive and Active Ocean Heat Uptake." Journal of Climate 31, no. 15 (2018): 6157–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0452.1.

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Surface flux perturbations (heat, freshwater, and wind) due to an increase of atmospheric CO2 cause significant intermodel spread in ocean heat uptake; however, the mechanism underlying their impact is not very well understood. Here, we use ocean model experiments to isolate the impact of each perturbation on the ocean heat uptake components, focusing on surface heat flux anomalies caused directly by atmospheric CO2 increase (passive) and indirectly by ocean circulation change (active). Surface heat flux perturbations cause the passive heat uptake, while all the surface flux perturbations infl

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35

Williams, Richard G., Vassil Roussenov, Doug Smith, and M. Susan Lozier. "Decadal Evolution of Ocean Thermal Anomalies in the North Atlantic: The Effects of Ekman, Overturning, and Horizontal Transport." Journal of Climate 27, no. 2 (2014): 698–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00234.1.

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Abstract Basin-scale thermal anomalies in the North Atlantic, extending to depths of 1–2 km, are more pronounced than the background warming over the last 60 years. A dynamical analysis based on reanalyses of historical data from 1965 to 2000 suggests that these thermal anomalies are formed by ocean heat convergences, augmented by the poorly known air–sea fluxes. The heat convergence is separated into contributions from the horizontal circulation and the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), the latter further separated into Ekman and MOC transport minus Ekman transport (MOC-Ekman) cells.

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Claude, Frankignoul, Gastineau Guillaume, and Kwon Young-Oh. "Wintertime Atmospheric Response to North Atlantic Ocean Circulation Variability in a Climate Model." Journal of Climate 28, no. 19 (2015): 7659–77. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0007.1.

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Maximum covariance analysis of a preindustrial control simulation of the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), shows that a barotropic signal in winter broadly resembling a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) follows an intensification of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) by about 7 yr. The delay is due to the cyclonic propagation along the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and the subpolar gyre of a SST warming linked to a northward shift and intensification of the NAC, together with an increasing SST cooling linked to increasing southward

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Larson, Sarah M., Martha W. Buckley, and Amy C. Clement. "Extracting the Buoyancy-Driven Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation." Journal of Climate 33, no. 11 (2020): 4697–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0590.1.

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AbstractVariations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) driven by buoyancy forcing are typically characterized as having a low-frequency time scale, interhemispheric structure, cross-equatorial heat transport, and linkages to the strength of Northern Hemisphere gyre circulations and the Gulf Stream. This study first tests whether these attributes ascribed to the AMOC are reproduced in a coupled model that is mechanically decoupled and, hence, is only buoyancy coupled. Overall, the mechanically decoupled model reproduces these attributes, with the exception that in the subp

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Lohmann, K., J. H. Jungclaus, D. Matei, et al. "The role of subpolar deep water formation and Nordic Seas overflows in simulated multidecadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation." Ocean Science 10, no. 2 (2014): 227–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-227-2014.

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Abstract. We investigate the respective role of variations in subpolar deep water formation and Nordic Seas overflows for the decadal to multidecadal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). This is partly done by analysing long (order of 1000 years) control simulations with five coupled climate models. For all models, the maximum influence of variations in subpolar deep water formation is found at about 45° N, while the maximum influence of variations in Nordic Seas overflows is rather found at 55 to 60° N. Regarding the two overflow branches, the influence of va

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Martin, Torge, and Arne Biastoch. "On the ocean's response to enhanced Greenland runoff in model experiments: relevance of mesoscale dynamics and atmospheric coupling." Ocean Science 19, no. 1 (2023): 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-19-141-2023.

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Abstract. Increasing Greenland Ice Sheet melting is anticipated to impact water mass transformation in the subpolar North Atlantic and ultimately the meridional overturning circulation. Complex ocean and climate models are widely applied to estimate magnitude and timing of related impacts under global warming. We discuss the role of the ocean mean state, subpolar water mass transformation, mesoscale eddies, and atmospheric coupling in shaping the response of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean to enhanced Greenland runoff. In a suite of eight dedicated 60- to 100-year-long model experiments with

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Li, Feili, Young-Heon Jo, Xiao-Hai Yan, and W. Timothy Liu. "Climate Signals in the Mid- to High-Latitude North Atlantic from Altimeter Observations." Journal of Climate 29, no. 13 (2016): 4905–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00670.1.

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Abstract The variability of the sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the mid- to high-latitude North Atlantic for the period of 1993–2010 was investigated using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition to identify the dominant time scales. Sea level variations in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (SPG) are dominated by the annual cycle and the long-term increasing trend. In comparison, the SSHA along the Gulf Stream (GS) is dominated by variability at intraseasonal and annual time scales. Moreover, the sea level rise in the SPG developed at a reduced rate in the 2000s compared to rates in the

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Van Nieuwenhove, Nicolas, Christof Pearce, Mads Faurschou Knudsen, Hans Røy, and Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz. "Meltwater and seasonality influence on Subpolar Gyre circulation during the Holocene." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 502 (August 2018): 104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.002.

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Huang, Rui Xin. "Numerical Simulation of Wind-Driven Circulation in a Subtropical/Subpolar Basin." Journal of Physical Oceanography 16, no. 10 (1986): 1636–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1986)016<1636:nsowdc>2.0.co;2.

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Bersch, Manfred, Igor Yashayaev, and Klaus Peter Koltermann. "Recent changes of the thermohaline circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic." Ocean Dynamics 57, no. 3 (2007): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10236-007-0104-7.

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Mertens, Christian, Monika Rhein, Maren Walter, et al. "Circulation and transports in the Newfoundland Basin, western subpolar North Atlantic." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 119, no. 11 (2014): 7772–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014jc010019.

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Zhong, Yafang, and Zhengyu Liu. "On the Mechanism of Pacific Multidecadal Climate Variability in CCSM3: The Role of the Subpolar North Pacific Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 9 (2009): 2052–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4097.1.

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Abstract Previous analyses of the Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) standard integration have revealed pronounced multidecadal variability in the Pacific climate system. The purpose of the present work is to investigate physical mechanism underlying this Pacific multidecadal variability (PMV). To better isolate the mechanism that selects the long multidecadal time scale for the PMV, a few specifically designed sensitivity experiments are carried out. When the propagating Rossby waves are blocked in the subtropics from the midbasin, the PMV remains outstanding. In contrast, when

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Schleussner, C. F., and G. Feulner. "A volcanically triggered regime shift in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean as a possible origin of the Little Ice Age." Climate of the Past 9, no. 3 (2013): 1321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-1321-2013.

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Abstract. Among the climatological events of the last millennium, the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Climate Anomaly succeeded by the Little Ice Age are of exceptional importance. The origin of these regional climate anomalies remains a subject of debate and besides external influences like solar and volcanic activity, internal dynamics of the climate system might have also played a dominant role. Here, we present transient last millennium simulations of the fully coupled model of intermediate complexity Climber 3α forced with stochastically reconstructed wind-stress fields. Our results indicate

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Schleussner, C. F., and G. Feulner. "A volcanically triggered regime shift in the subpolar North Atlantic ocean as a possible origin of the Little Ice Age." Climate of the Past Discussions 8, no. 6 (2012): 6199–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-8-6199-2012.

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Abstract. Among the climatological events of the last millennium, the Northern Hemisphere Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), succeeded by the Little Ice Age (LIA) are of exceptional importance. The origin of these regional climate anomalies remains however a subject of debate and besides external influences like solar and volcanic activity, internal dynamics of the climate system might have also played a dominant role. Here, we present transient last millennium simulations of the fully-coupled model Climber 3α forced with stochastically reconstructed wind fields. Our results indicate that short-l

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Gervais, Melissa, Jeffrey Shaman, and Yochanan Kushnir. "Mechanisms Governing the Development of the North Atlantic Warming Hole in the CESM-LE Future Climate Simulations." Journal of Climate 31, no. 15 (2018): 5927–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0635.1.

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A warming deficit in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures is a striking feature in global climate model future projections. This North Atlantic warming hole has been related to a slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC); however, the detailed mechanisms involved in its generation remain an open question. An analysis of the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble simulations is conducted to obtain further insight into the development of the warming hole and its relationship to the AMOC. It is shown that increasing freshwater fluxes through the Arctic gates lead t

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Hodson, Daniel L. R., Jon I. Robson, and Rowan T. Sutton. "An Anatomy of the Cooling of the North Atlantic Ocean in the 1960s and 1970s." Journal of Climate 27, no. 21 (2014): 8229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-14-00301.1.

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Abstract In the 1960s and early 1970s, sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean cooled rapidly. There is still considerable uncertainty about the causes of this event, although various mechanisms have been proposed. In this observational study, it is demonstrated that the cooling proceeded in several distinct stages. Cool anomalies initially appeared in the mid-1960s in the Nordic Seas and Gulf Stream extension, before spreading to cover most of the subpolar gyre. Subsequently, cool anomalies spread into the tropical North Atlantic before retreating, in the late 1970s, back to the

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Williams, Richard G., Vassil Roussenov, M. Susan Lozier, and Doug Smith. "Mechanisms of Heat Content and Thermocline Change in the Subtropical and Subpolar North Atlantic." Journal of Climate 28, no. 24 (2015): 9803–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0097.1.

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Abstract In the North Atlantic, there are pronounced gyre-scale changes in ocean heat content on interannual-to-decadal time scales, which are associated with changes in both sea surface temperature and thermocline thickness; the subtropics are often warm with a thick thermocline when the subpolar gyre is cool with a thin thermocline, and vice versa. This climate variability is investigated using a semidiagnostic dynamical analysis of historical temperature and salinity data from 1962 to 2011 together with idealized isopycnic model experiments. On time scales of typically 5 yr, the tendencies

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