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1
Smith, Wesley. "Modeling reward systems in the brain and circulation in the human body /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1421161.
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2
Weight, Ryan Michael. "Photoacoustic detection of metastatic melanoma in the human circulatory system." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4589.
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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 29, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
3
Ceballos, Andres. "A multiscale model of the neonatal circulatory system following Hybrid Norwood palliation." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4866.
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A system of 32 first-order differential equations is formulated and solved for the LP model using a fourth-order adaptive Runge-Kutta solver. The output pressure and flow waveforms obtained from the LP model are imposed as boundary conditions on the CFD model. Coupling of the two models is done through an iterative process where the parameters in the LP model are adjusted to match the CFD solution. The CFD model domain is a representative HLHS anatomy of an infant after undergoing the Hybrid Norwood procedure and is comprised of the neo-aorta, pulmonary roots, aortic arch with branching arteries, and pulmonary arteries. The flow field is solved over several cardiac cycles using an implicit-unsteady RANS equation solver with the k-epsilon turbulence model.; Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a complex cardiac malformation in neonates suffering from congenital heart disease and occurs in nearly 1 per 5000 births. HLHS is uniformly fatal within the first hours or days after birth as the severely malformed anatomies of the left ventricle, mitral and aortic valves, and ascending aorta are not compatible with life. The regularly implemented treatment, the Norwood operation, is a complex open heart procedure that attempts to establish univentricular circulation by removing the atrial septum (communicating the right and left ventricle), reconstructing the malformed aortic arch, and connecting the main pulmonary artery into the reconstructed arch to allow direct perfusion from the right ventricle into the systemic circulation. A relatively new treatment being utilized, the Hybrid Norwood procedure, involves a less invasive strategy to establish univentricular circulation that avoids a cardiopulmonary bypass (heart-lung machine), deliberate cardiac arrest, and circulatory arrest of the patient during the procedure. The resulting systemic-pulmonary circulation is unconventional; blood is pumped simultaneously and in parallel to the systemic and pulmonary arteries after the procedure. Cardiac surgeons are deeply interested in understanding the global and local hemodynamics of this anatomical configuration. To this end, a multiscale model of the entire circulatory system was developed utilizing an electrical lumped parameter model for the peripheral or distal circulation coupled with a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to understand the local hemodynamics. The lumped parameter (LP) model is mainly a closed loop circuit comprised of RLC compartments that model cardiac function as well as the viscous drag, flow inertia, and compliance of the different arterial and venous beds in the body.ID: 030423155; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61).
M.S.
Masters
Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
4
Silva, Carla Alexandra de Castro Carvalho e. "Contribution to the physical modeling of the circulatory system: optimization and evolution." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12984.
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Branched networks are ubiquitous in living systems. The dimensions and the geometry
of these branched structures are key aspects of the efficiency of physiological
processes. A resistive-capacitive model of an optimized pulsatile flow system based on
Constructal Theory is presented, which aims to explain the performance of the human
arterial tree. Optimal scaling laws for diameters and lengths emerged that are valid for
dichotomous branching. The model together with data of the human arterial tree
showed that impedances of some arteries tend to decrease with age. The estimated
scaling between diameters of branching arteries is close to optimality. With respect to
scaling of arterial length no such agreement was observed. An interpretation of the
lifelong elongation of the ascending aorta is proposed. The model together with
Starling equation, continuity of blood flow, and the specific properties of the
exchanges in capillaries provide an explanation for the observed reduction of arterial
distensibility with pulse frequency observed in carotid and radial arteries; Resumo:
Contribuição para a modelação física do sistema circulatório -
Optimização e evolução
As redes ramificadas estão presentes nos sistemas vivos. As dimensões e a geometria
dessas estruturas ramificadas são aspectos chave da eficiência dos processos
fisiológicos. É apresentado um modelo resistivo-capacitivo de um sistema de
escoamento pulsado optimizado com base na Teoria Constructal, com o objectivo de
explicar a performance da rede arterial humana. São obtidas leis de escala óptima para
diâmetros e comprimentos, válidas para ramificações dicotómicas. A associação do
modelo com dados da rede arterial humana revelou que a impedância de algumas
artérias tende a diminuir com a idade. A razão das escalas entre os diâmetros
estimados das artérias apresenta valores quase optimizados. O mesmo não foi
observado relativamente às leis de escala dos comprimentos das artérias. É proposta
uma interpretação para o alongamento da aorta ascendente ao longo da vida. O
modelo desenvolvido juntamente com a equação de Starling, a continuidade do fluxo
sanguíneo, e as propriedades específicas das trocas nos capilares, permitem explicar a
redução da distensibilidade arterial com a pulsação observada nas artérias carótida e
radial.
5
Cundick, J. F. "Interactions of low density lipoprotein with extracellular matrix components of the arterial wall." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368777.
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Patel, Kiranbhai C. R. "Excitation - contraction coupling in cardiac muscle : the role of membrane potential and transmembrane Ca entry." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364936.
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Matsiras, Paul V. "PONI : an intelligent alarm system for respiratory and circulatory management in the operating rooms." Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252926.
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McCombie, Devin Barnett 1972. "Multi-channel blind system identification using the Laguerre expansion for characterization of circulatory hemodynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17950.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54).
A new tool for real-time characterization of both systemic and local circulatory hemodynamics has been developed. Given two peripheral circulatory waveform measurements this new signal-processing algorithm generates two low order models that represent the distinct branch dynamic behavior associated with the measured circulatory signals. The framework for this methodology is based on a multi-channel blind system identification technique that has been reformulated to use a Laguerre basis function series expansion. The truncated Laguerre series expansion allows a highly compact representation of the cardiovascular dynamics. This new algorithm has been applied to experimental arterial blood pressure measurements derived from a swine model and shown to consistently provide accurate identification of the vascular hemodynamics. The parameters of the circulatory dynamics that are quantified in real-time via this newly developed algorithm, Laguerre Model Blind System Identification (LaMBSI), can be used to identify or quantify systemic and local cardiovascular features of interest. The LaMBSI algorithm identifies a set of six parameters per channel when applied to measured circulatory signals, 5 distinct model coefficients plus 1 common Laguerre basis pole shared by both channels. The two sets of identified parameters can be treated as feature vectors and standard statistical techniques can be used to extract information from this compact time series of data. In this thesis, a multi-parameter linear regression is used to predict cardiac output based on the LaMBSI feature vectors identified from two pulsatile arterial pressure signals. The promising results from this linear regression model serves as a proof-of-principle that the
(cont.) hemodynamic parameters identified from two distinct circulatory waveform signals using the LaMBSI algorithm can be used to characterize systemic or global parameters within the circulatory system.
by Devin Barnett McCombie.
S.M.
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Hamada, A. "Segmentation of the blood vascular system of the eye by the fundus photography." Thesis, Graz, Austria, 2020. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/11682.
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The possibilities of using image processing and analysis methods for the segmentation of human eye vessels by fundus images were analyzed. The software module for determining the vessels of the human eye has been developed.
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Baptista, Maria Glória Severim. "Caracterização da intensidade do esforço numa modalidade de Academia-um estudo efectuado em Indoor Cycling." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29588.
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Andrushchak, A. V. "Influence of extracellular space volume on circulatory system indices in patients with sepsis-induced hypotension." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17814.
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Fradoca, Maria de La Salete da Silva. "A condição cardio-respiratória do jovem adulto deficiente mental com e sem síndroma de Down praticante de remo-estudo exploratório." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29046.
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Tembe, Mussá. "Caracterização da intensidade cárdiorespiratória em aulas de aeróbica-estudo em praticantes do sexo feminino da cidade de Maputo." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29532.
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SAKAKIBARA, HISATAKA. "SYMPATHETIC RESPONSES TO HAND-ARM VIBRATION AND SYMPTOMS OF THE FOOT." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16058.
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V, Parzhytskaya D., and Goncharova A. D. "Mathemetics and transport." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50703.
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1. GasnIkov A. V., Klenov S. L., NurmInskIy E. A., Holodov Ya. A., Shamray N. B. Vvedennya v matematichne modelyuvannya transportnih potokIv. - M.: MTsNMO, 2013.
2. VuchIka V. R. Transport v mIstah, zruchnih dlya zhittya. - M .: TeritorIya maybutnogo, 2011. - [OrigInal: Vuchic V. R. Transportation for Livable Cities, 1999].Transport is sometimes called the circulatory system of a country’s economy. Railway, automobile, sea, river, air - these are just general names for a well-known list of modes of transport. Huge numbers of people and essential goods move on land, in the air, and on water. All this is important to do on time and with minimal cost.
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Rehman, Haroon, Asha Chepkorir Segie, Kanishka Chakraborty, and Devapiran Jaishankar. "Bone Marrow Wars: Attack of the Clones." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2020/presentations/33.
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Multiple myeloma is characterized by the malignant proliferation of clonal plasma cells producing monoclonal paraproteins, leading to multi-organ damage. On the other hand monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBCL) is characterized by the malignant proliferation of clonal B-lymphocytes, with potential to develop into chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). CLL/SLL can result in visceromegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, fevers, night sweats and unintentional weight loss. Literature review demonstrates these two malignant clonal bone marrow disorders are most frequently seen independently in patients; however, we report one rare diagnostic challenge where both clonal disorders were identified in a single patient concurrently. A 64-year-old man initially presented with worsening back pain. Thoracic spine x-ray revealed a T11 compression fracture, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Complete blood count revealed a white blood cell count of 7.3 K/uL with 54% lymphocyte predominance and peripheral smear demonstrated a population of small lymphocytes with round nuclei and an atypical chromatin pattern suggestive of CLL/MBCL. Flow cytometry revealed a monoclonal B-cell CD5 positive, CD23 positive, CD10 negative population with an absolute count of 1.6 K/uL. Due to the instability and pain associated with the spinal fracture, patient had kyphoplasty performed and intraoperative bone biopsies were taken from both T11 and T12 vertebrae. Interestingly each bone biopsy revealed involvement by both a kappa-light chain restricted plasma cell neoplasm, ranging from 15% to 30% cellularity, as well as a CD5-positive B-cell lymphocyte population. It suggested two concurrent but pathologically distinct pathologies including plasma cell myeloma and a separate B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder with immunophenotypic features suggestive of CLL/MBCL. Bone marrow biopsy was performed for definitive evaluation and confirmed multiple myeloma with 15-20% kappa-restricted plasma cells identified, and also confirmed concurrent MBCL with CD5 and CD23-positive, kappa-restricted B-cells identified on bone marrow flow cytometry. Adding an additional layer of complexity, bone marrow molecular genetics revealed presence of a MYD88 mutation, raising concern for possible lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). However, secondary pathologic review ruled out LPL, as the immunophenotypic pattern of the clonal B-cells was not consistent with that of LPL, and although the MYD88 mutation is predominantly seen in LPL, it has also been seen in a small percentage of CLL/SLL cases and exceedingly rarely described in MM as well. Serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation, serum quantitative immunoglobulins and serum quantitative free light chain assay revealed findings consistent with IgG kappa multiple myeloma and systemic CT imaging was negative for any lymphadenopathy, confirming MBCL. Patient was started on first-line multiple myeloma systemic therapy for transplant eligible patients and has demonstrated an excellent response to treatment thus far. This patient case serves to demonstrate the importance of maintaining a broad differential when approaching hematological problems; It also underlines the necessity for a complete diagnostic evaluation to identify rare clinical conundrums such as with our patient, allowing for proper and timely treatment. While we use “Occam’s razor” to explain multiple problems with a single unifying diagnosis the rare possibility of divergent diagnosis is to be always entertained.
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Crosby, Jessica Renee. "Expanding the Performance Envelope of the Total Artificial Heart: Physiological Characterization, Development of a Heart Failure Model, And Evaluation Tool for Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/344221.
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Heart failure (HF) affects an estimated 5.8 million Americans, accounting for near 250,000 deaths each year. With shortages in available donor hearts, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has emerged as a life-saving treatment for advanced stage HF. With growth in MCS use, a clinical and developmental need has emerged for a standard characterization and evaluation platform that may be utilized for inter-device comparison and system training. The goal of this research was to harness SynCardia's total artificial heart (TAH) to meet this need. We first sought to characterize the TAH in modern physiological terms - i.e. hemodynamics and pressure-volume loops. We then developed a model of HF using the TAH and mock circulatory system operating in a reduced output mode. We demonstrated that MCS devices could be incorporated and evaluated within the HF model. Finally, we characterized the operational envelope of SynCardia's Freedom (portable), Driver operating against varying loading conditions. Our results describe the hemodynamic envelope of the TAH. Uniquely, the TAH was found not to operate with time-varying elastance, to be insensitive to variations in afterload up to at least 135 mmHg mean aortic pressure, and exhibit Starling-like behavior. After transitioning the setup to mimic heart failure conditions, left atrial pressure and left ventricular pressure were noted to be elevated, aortic flow was reduced, sensitivity to afterload was increased, and Starling-like behavior was blunted, consistent with human heart failure. The system was then configured to allow ready addition of ventricular assist devices, which upon placement in the flow circuit resulted in restoration of hemodynamics to normal. Lastly, we demonstrated that the Freedom Driver is capable of overcoming systolic pressures of 200 mmHg as an upper driving limit. Understanding the physiology and hemodynamics of MCS devices is vital for proper use, future device development, and operator training. Characterization of the TAH affords insight into the functional parameters that govern artificial heart behavior providing perspective on differences compared to the human heart. The use of the system as a heart failure model has the potential to serve as a valuable research and teaching tool to foster safe MCS device use.
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DeCook, Katrina Jolene. "System and Method for Comparison and Training of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices: A Patient Independent Platform Using the Total Artificial Heart and Donovan Mock Circulation System." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556703.
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Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is a viable therapy for end stage heart failure. However, despite clinical success, the ability to compare MCS devices in vitro and perform training scenarios is extremely limited. Comparative studies are limited as different devices cannot be interchanged in a patient due to the surgical nature of implant. Further, training and failure scenarios cannot be performed on patients with devices as this would subject a patient to a failure mode. A need exists for a readily available mock system that can perform comparative testing and training scenarios with MCS devices. Previously, our group has fabricated a well characterized mock circulation system consisting of a SynCardia temporary Total Artificial Heart (TAH) and Donovan Mock Circulation tank (DMC tank). Further, utilizing this system with the TAH operating in reduced output mode, a heart failure model was developed. In the present study, three ventricular assist devices (VADs) were independently attached to the heart failure model to compare device performances over a range of preloads and afterloads. In addition, specific clinical scenarios were created with the system to analyze how VAD-displayed waveforms from the system correlate with clinical scenarios. Finally, each VAD was powered off while attached to the heart failure model to compare fluid flow through the VAD in a pump-failure scenario. We demonstrated that this system can successfully be utilized to compare MCS devices (i.e. ventricular assist devices) and for successful training of patients and clinicians.
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Bitencourt, Wesley Semboloni [UNESP]. "Efeitos da dexmedetomidina sobre o aparelho cardiovascular e a concentração plasmática da vasopressina em cães submeidos à isquemia e reperfusão renais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97148.
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bitencourt_ws_me_botfm.pdf: 486980 bytes, checksum: abd8e85670c15a06e39908123b00d522 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A ativação do sistema nervoso simpático em pacientes coronariopatas pode provocar instabilidade hemodinâmica e alterações metabólicas, aumentando a incidência de isquemia ou infarto do miocárdio e graves disritmias. A resposta adrenérgica pós-operatória pode promover isquemia miocárdica devido à taquicardia, ao tempo diastólico diminuído, à vasoconstrição coronariana e ao aumento da agregação plaquetária. Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vascular e que apresentaram isquemia miocárdica por mais de duas horas, apresentaram 32 vezes mais risco de eventos mórbidos no pós-operatório. Esforços agressivos na prevenção, ou tratamento da isquemia durante estes períodos podem melhorar o prognóstico destes pacientes. Os fármacos agonistas 2- adrenérgicos reduzem o tônus simpático, reduzindo a necessidade anestésica, e induzindo a analgesia e ansiólise (Maze, 1991), sendo uma das opções na prevenção de isquemia miocárdica peri-operatória. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos sobre o sistema cardiovascular e concentração plasmática da vasopressina da dexmedetomidina no cão anestesiado e submetido à isquemia e reperfusão renais, empregando-se dose semelhante àquelas utilizada na anestesiologia. Vinte cães adultos, anestesiados com propofol, fentanil, isoflurano e rocurônio, foram distribuídos, de forma aleatória e encoberta, em dois grupos com 10 cães: Grupo 1 (G1): injeção de 20 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% em 10 minutos, seguida de injeção de 20 ml da mesma solução, em 1 hora; Grupo 2 (G2): injeção de 20 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% contendo dexmedetomidina 2 g.kg-1, em 10 minutos, seguida da injeção de 20 ml da mesma solução, com a mesma dose de dexmedetomidina (2 g.kg-1), em 1 hora...
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system in coronary disease patients can cause homodynamic instability and metabolic alterations, increasing the occurrences of ischemia or myocardium infarction and severe arrhythmia. The post-surgical adrenergic response can promote myocardium ischemia due to tachyarrhythmia, reduced diastolic rate, coronary vasoconstriction and the increase of platelets clogging. Patients submitted to vascular surgery and that have had myocardium ischemia for longer than two hours, presented 32 times more risks of morbid events in post-operation. Aggressive prevention efforts, or treatment of ischemia during this period can improve the prognostics of this patient. The pharmaceuticals agonists 2-adrenergics decrease the sympathetic tonus, reducing the anesthetic need, and inducing the analgesia and ansiolozy (Maze, 1991), being one of the options of myocardic ischemia peri-operational prevention. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects over the cardiovascular system and plasmatic concentration vasopressin of the dexmedetomidine in the anesthesiaed canine and submitted to renal ischemia and reperfusion, applying similar doses to those used in anesthesiology. Twenty adult canines, anesthesiaed with propofol, fentanil, isoflurane and rocurane, were distributed randomly and blindly, into two groups with 10 dogs each: Group 1 (G1): injection of 20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in 10 minutes, followed by the injection of 20 ml of the same solution, in 1 hour; Group 2 (G2): injection of 20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution dexmedetomidine 2 g.kg-1, in 10 minutes, followed by the injection of 20 ml of same solution, with the same doses of dexmedetomidine (2 g.kg-1), in 1 hour... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Bitencourt, Wesley Semboloni. "Efeitos da dexmedetomidina sobre o aparelho cardiovascular e a concentração plasmática da vasopressina em cães submeidos à isquemia e reperfusão renais /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97148.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Geraldo Rolim Rodrigues JúniorBanca: Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo
Banca: Simone Maria D'Angelo Vanni
Resumo: A ativação do sistema nervoso simpático em pacientes coronariopatas pode provocar instabilidade hemodinâmica e alterações metabólicas, aumentando a incidência de isquemia ou infarto do miocárdio e graves disritmias. A resposta adrenérgica pós-operatória pode promover isquemia miocárdica devido à taquicardia, ao tempo diastólico diminuído, à vasoconstrição coronariana e ao aumento da agregação plaquetária. Pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vascular e que apresentaram isquemia miocárdica por mais de duas horas, apresentaram 32 vezes mais risco de eventos mórbidos no pós-operatório. Esforços agressivos na prevenção, ou tratamento da isquemia durante estes períodos podem melhorar o prognóstico destes pacientes. Os fármacos agonistas 2- adrenérgicos reduzem o tônus simpático, reduzindo a necessidade anestésica, e induzindo a analgesia e ansiólise (Maze, 1991), sendo uma das opções na prevenção de isquemia miocárdica peri-operatória. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos sobre o sistema cardiovascular e concentração plasmática da vasopressina da dexmedetomidina no cão anestesiado e submetido à isquemia e reperfusão renais, empregando-se dose semelhante àquelas utilizada na anestesiologia. Vinte cães adultos, anestesiados com propofol, fentanil, isoflurano e rocurônio, foram distribuídos, de forma aleatória e encoberta, em dois grupos com 10 cães: Grupo 1 (G1): injeção de 20 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% em 10 minutos, seguida de injeção de 20 ml da mesma solução, em 1 hora; Grupo 2 (G2): injeção de 20 ml de solução de cloreto de sódio a 0,9% contendo dexmedetomidina 2 g.kg-1, em 10 minutos, seguida da injeção de 20 ml da mesma solução, com a mesma dose de dexmedetomidina (2 g.kg-1), em 1 hora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The activation of the sympathetic nervous system in coronary disease patients can cause homodynamic instability and metabolic alterations, increasing the occurrences of ischemia or myocardium infarction and severe arrhythmia. The post-surgical adrenergic response can promote myocardium ischemia due to tachyarrhythmia, reduced diastolic rate, coronary vasoconstriction and the increase of platelets clogging. Patients submitted to vascular surgery and that have had myocardium ischemia for longer than two hours, presented 32 times more risks of morbid events in post-operation. Aggressive prevention efforts, or treatment of ischemia during this period can improve the prognostics of this patient. The pharmaceuticals agonists 2-adrenergics decrease the sympathetic tonus, reducing the anesthetic need, and inducing the analgesia and ansiolozy (Maze, 1991), being one of the options of myocardic ischemia peri-operational prevention. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects over the cardiovascular system and plasmatic concentration vasopressin of the dexmedetomidine in the anesthesiaed canine and submitted to renal ischemia and reperfusion, applying similar doses to those used in anesthesiology. Twenty adult canines, anesthesiaed with propofol, fentanil, isoflurane and rocurane, were distributed randomly and blindly, into two groups with 10 dogs each: Group 1 (G1): injection of 20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution in 10 minutes, followed by the injection of 20 ml of the same solution, in 1 hour; Group 2 (G2): injection of 20 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution dexmedetomidine 2 g.kg-1, in 10 minutes, followed by the injection of 20 ml of same solution, with the same doses of dexmedetomidine (2 g.kg-1), in 1 hour... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Васильченко, Д. Р., Олександр Валерійович Ратушний, Александр Валерьевич Ратушный, Oleksandr Valeriiovych Ratushnyi, Б. О. Пазынюк, and А. А. Стовбыр. "Влияние ампутации конечностей на артериальное давление." Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/39842.
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Данная совместная работа специалистов факультета ТеСЕТ, центра
НТТУМ СумГУ и хирургов СГКБ №5 посвящена исследованию зависимости
артериального давления от анатомической полноценности человека. К
сожалению, те или иные заболевания ставят перед хирургами необходимость
ампутации одной или нескольких конечностей человека. При этом, однако,
не имеется однозначного ответа на вопрос, как меняется артериальное
давление после такого рода операций.
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Seaton, Hayley, Krishna Singh, and Cerrone R. Foster. "The Role of Estrogen Deficiency on Cardiovascular Disease following Chronic Sympathetic Stimulation." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/125.
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death with over 600,000 deaths per year. A key feature of heart failure is over stimulation of the beta-adrenergic receptors. Over stimulation of these receptors leads to changes in contractility of the heart, which can eventually lead to myocardial remodeling such as cardiomyocyte cell death (apoptosis). Prolonged activation and injury of the heart stimulates fibroblasts to repair the injured site and can lead to stiffening and scar formation. These changes in the heart are heightened in post-menopausal women as estrogen is depleted. Clinical trials have shown that estrogen has cardioprotective effects through its receptors: estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and estrogen receptor beta (ER-β). Though estrogen has been shown to be cardioprotective, studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy had little to no benefit to postmenopausal women with heart disease. These discrepancies lead to the need for more studies on how estrogen can protect the heart against failure. We therefore, examined the effects of estrogen deficiency and its role on cardiac structure and function following chronic β-adrenergic stimulation. Female mice (4 months of age) were treated with isoproterenol (ISO) (400μg/kg/h, subcutaneously) for 7 days one month after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) at 3 months of age. Echocardiography and pulse wave doppler analysis was performed to examine cardiac function. Animals were then euthanized and hearts were isolated and paraffin embedded for histology analysis. Fibrosis was analyzed using Masson’s trichrome staining and apoptosis was analyzed with TUNEL assay. Ovariectomy did result in significant compromised cardiac function and ISO treatment exacerbated these results. Results from the echocardiography exam showed that ISO increased left ventricular diameter and that ovariectomy increased the diameter in a similar manner. Ovariectomized mice treated with ISO showed even greater increases in left ventricular diameter. The Doppler pattern results also showed a significant decrease in contraction time in the ISO and OVX+ISO groups compared to the OVX group alone. Surprisingly, Masson’s trichrome staining showed no significant change between the SHAM and ISO treated groups. The low amount of fibrosis could be attributed to the length of the ISO treatment. One-month post-ovariectomy may not be long enough to cause significant estrogen loss for the heart with effects on fibrosis. Extending the length of time post-ovariectomy before beginning isoproterenol treatment will be important to study the effects of estrogen loss on heart failure over time. We will analyze cardiac apoptosis and hypertrophy as further indicators of cardiac remodeling following ovariectomy and chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation. The results of this work can provide new information on heart disease in post menopausal women and alternative drug targets.
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Biglino, Giovanni. "Experimental study of the mechanics of the intra-aortic balloon." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4510.
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This thesis deals with the mechanics of the Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP), the most widely used temporary cardiac assist device, whose beneficial action is based on the principle of counterpulsation. The investigation is carried out in vitro in increasingly more realistic setups, including a mock circulatory system with physiological distribution of peripheral resistance and compliance in which IABP counterpulsation was simulated. Pressure and flow measurements show the effect of variables such as intra-luminal pressure, angle and aortic compliance on balloon hemodynamics. These data are complemented by results on the duration of balloon inflation and deflation obtained by means of high-speed camera visualisation. Furthermore, wave intensity analysis is carried out and it is identified as a possible alternative method for the assessment of IABP performance. This work includes two prototypes of intra-aortic balloons of novel shape with the balloon chamber tapering both from and toward the balloon tip. In clinical terms, with reference to the semi-recumbent position in which patients assisted with the IABP are nursed in the intensive care unit, the results presented in this thesis indicate that operating the balloon at an angle compromises the benefit of counterpulsation when assessed in vitro.
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Romero, Félix H. "A prática de actividades físicas desportivas e os indicadores de saúde-estudo comparativo com a população escolar de Rio Maior dos 10 aos 14 anos de idade." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29606.
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Schmitt, Benjamin A. "Utility of a Volume-Regulated Drive System for Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1389634127.
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Ziegenfuss, Jennifer S. "Eaters of the Dead: How Glial Cells Respond to and Engulf Degenerating Axons in the CNS: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2012. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/608.
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Glia, whose name derives from the original Greek word, meaning “glue,” have long been understood to be cells that play an important functional role in the nutritive and structural support of the central nervous system, yet their full involvement has been historically undervalued. Despite the strong evidence that glial reactions to cellular debris govern the health of the nervous system, the specific properties of damaged axonal debris and the mechanisms by which glia sense them, morphologically adapt to their presence, and initiate phagocytosis for clearance, have remained poorly understood. The work presented in this thesis was aimed at addressing this fundamental gap in our understanding of the role for glia in neurodegenerative processes.
I demonstrate that the cellular machinery responsible for the phagocytosis of apoptotic cell corpses is well conserved from worms to mammals. Draper is a key component of the glial response machinery and I am able to show here, for the first time, that it signals through Drosophila Shark, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase similar to mammalian Syk and Zap-70. Shark binds Draper through an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) in the Draper intracellular domain. I show that Shark activity is essential for Draper-mediated signaling events in vivo, including the recruitment of glial membranes to axons undergoing Wallerian degeneration. I further show that the Src family kinase (SFK) Src42A can markedly increase Draper phosphorylation and is essential for glial phagocytic activity. Therefore I propose that ligand-dependent Draper receptor activation initiates the Src42A-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Draper, the association of Shark and the subsequent downstream activation of the Draper pathway. I observed that these Draper-Src42A-Shark interactions are strikingly similar to mammalian immunoreceptor-SFK-Syk signaling events in myeloid and lymphoid cells. Thus, Draper appears to be an ancient immunoreceptor with an extracellular domain tuned to modified-self antigens and an intracellular domain that promotes phagocytosis through an ITAM domain-SFK-Syk-mediated signaling cascade.
I have further identified the Drosophila guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex Crk/Mbc/dCed-12, and the small GTPase Rac1 as novel modulators of glial clearance of axonal debris. I am able to demonstrate that Crk/Mbc/dCed-12 and Rac1 function in a non-redundant fashion with the Draper pathway to promote a distinct step in the clearance of axonal debris. Whereas Draper signaling is required early during glial responses, promoting glial activation and extension of glial membranes to degenerating axons, the Crk/Mbc/dCed-12 complex functions at later stages of glial response, promoting the actual phagocytosis of axonal debris.
Finally, many interesting mutants have been identified in primary screens for genes active in neurons that are required for axon fragmentation or clearance by glia, and genes potentially active in glia that orchestrate clearance of fragmented axons. The further characterization of these genes will likely unlock the mystery surrounding “eat me” and “find me” cues hypothesized to be released or exposed by neurons undergoing degeneration. Illuminating these important glial pathways could lead to a novel therapeutic approach to brain trauma or other neurodegenerative conditions by providing a druggable means of inducing early attenuation of the glial response to injury down to levels less damaging to the brain.
Taken together, my combined work identifies new components of the glial engulfment machinery and shows that glial activation, phagocytosis of axonal debris, and the termination of glial responses to injury are genetically separable events mediated by distinct signaling pathways.
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Diourté, Badié. "Modélisation et simulation du système cardio-vasculaire par analogie électrique." Grenoble 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10222.
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Le modele de windkessel a ete propose pour identifier a partir de l'analyse du contour de l'onde de pression arterielle (pa), les parametres hemodynamiques du systeme arteriel comme la compliance arterielle (ca), l'inertie du volume sanguin (l), et les resistances vasculaires du systeme (r). Il s'agit d'un modele lineaire qui ne tient pas compte des variations structurales et fonctionnelles des arteres liees a la pulsatilite de la pa de ses variations entre la systole et la diastole et de la complexite de l'impedance cardiaque. L'objectif de la these est d'analyser les performances d'un modele de windkessel modifie ou les parametres ca, l et r sont ajustes de facon dynamique selon la relation non-lineaire des proprietes arterielles (compliance, diametre) en fonction de la pa. Dans un simulateur electrique reproduisant le modele les parametres suivants sont introduits : au niveau cardiaque le volume d'ejection systolique et au niveau radial les valeurs dynamiques de compliance et de diametre arteriel. Nous comparons les formes des ondes de pa lineaire ou la ca (compliance constante en fonction de la pression) et non-lineaire (compliance fonction de la pression) aux donnees experimentales. La forme de l'onde de pa obtenue par le modele non-lineaire n'est significativement pas differente de l'experimentale, tandis que dans le modele lineaire la pa systolique est sous estimee. Ce travail montre les limites de la modelisation du systeme cardio-vasculaire par le modele lineaire.
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Alves, da Motta Mauricy. "Contribution a l'etude des correlations existant entre les potentiels evoques somesthesiques et le debit sanguin cerebral." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30065.
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Machado, Danilo Agostini [UNESP]. "Construção de um dispositivo de simulação do escoamento pulsátil em artérias." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94513.
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machado_da_me_ilha.pdf: 1511743 bytes, checksum: 02f8492fa42747b8dd47642f8ed0d7f9 (MD5)Este projeto visa à análise cinemática de um arranjo experimental capaz de reproduzir o fluxo sanguíneo em artérias. O mecanismo procura realizar esse escoamento através de um sistema came-seguidor juntamente com um sistema hidráulico, utilizando êmbolo e duas válvulas controladoras de fluxo. O mecanismo came-seguidor será utilizado devido a sua versatilidade em garantir que o escoamento sanguíneo ocorra durante um ciclo cardíaco. A came será radial com seguidores de roletes. O seguidor de roletes será ligado ao cilindro hidráulico que controla o fluxo sanguíneo. Um tubo de látex foi acoplado ao sistema hidráulico representando a aorta abdominal, foi confeccionado com as dimensões reais desta artéria e o látex foi escolhido, pois possui um coeficiente de elasticidade muito próximo da artéria. Um manômetro foi acoplado ao sistema para medir a pressão no interior do tubo de látex. Na sequência um tubo de complacência simular as perdas de carga do sistema circulatório. O deslocamento radial do tubo de látex e variação de pressão do manômetro foram monitorados através de filmagem. Posteriormente, os resultados experimentais foram comparados e validados com os resultados numéricos obtidos com o programa ANSYS e com a literatura
This project aims to kinematic analysis of an experimental apparatus able to reproduce the blood flow in arteries. The mechanism cam-follower and the hydraulic system using piston and two controlling valves of flow were used to realize the fluid flow. The camfollower mechanism was used to ensure that the fluid flow occurs during the cardiac cycle. The cam is radial with roller followers. The follower roller is connected to the hydraulic cylinder which controls the fluid flow. A latex tube was attached to the hydraulic system representing the abdominal aorta. The latex tube has the same real dimensions of this artery and it was chosen due the modulus of elasticity very close to the artery. A manometer was used to measure the outlet pressure of latex tube. After latex tube there is a complacency tube to control the pressure drop of circulatory system. The radial displacement of the latex tube and pressure variation of the manometer were monitored through filming. The experimental results were compared and validated with numerical results obtained with ANSYS software and with literature
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MacInnes, J. "Illness representations, treatment beliefs and the relationship to self-care in heart failure." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2011. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10332/.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the beliefs people with heart failure hold about their illness and its treatment and to determine any relationships between these beliefs and self-care using the Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness cognitions and behaviour as the theoretical framework (Leventhal et al, 1980). Methods Using a mixed methodology (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2007), findings from patient interviews were used to adapt the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) (Moss-Morris et al, 2002) and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) (Horne et al, 1999) in order to make them illness-specific. A questionnaire assessing self-care was developed based on the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) (Jaarsma et al, 2003), the interview findings and a nominal group technique with specialist heart failure nurses. These questionnaires were used to determine beliefs and the relationship to behaviour in a cross-sectional survey of 169 patients with heart failure. Results A number of statistically significant correlations were found between beliefs and self-care. Most notably, perceived medication knowledge (r = 0.51, p ≤ 0.01), beliefs about the necessity of medication (r = 0.45, p ≤ 0.01) and illness coherence (r = 0.39, p ≤ 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 46% of the variance in self-care could be explained by illness representations and treatment beliefs (Adj. R2 = 0.46, F = 9.93, p = 0.00). Three factors were significant predictors of self-care - medication knowledge (β = 0.319, p = 0.003), a belief in the illness having serious consequences (β = 0.258, p = 0.008) and the impact of medication use on lifestyle (β = -0.231, p = 0.03). Discussion The exploration of illness representations revealed a realistic picture of heart failure with a cluster of beliefs around a chronic illness with serious consequences and a high number of symptoms. There was a strong belief in the necessity of medication but for some, medication use had a negative impact on daily life. Patients were confident in their knowledge of medication but this was reduced when family members took control of medication management. A number of beliefs were predictive of self-care, suggesting that interventions designed to maximise these beliefs and correct any misconceptions may enhance self-care and potentially improve clinical outcomes in this population.
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Mendoza, García Alejandro [Verfasser], Alois [Akademischer Betreuer] Knoll, and Robert F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Bauernschmitt. "Automation of a Portable Extracorporeal Circulatory Support System with the Use of Adaptive Fuzzy Controllers / Alejandro Mendoza Garcia. Gutachter: Alois Knoll ; Robert F. Bauernschmitt. Betreuer: Alois Knoll." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036494853/34.
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Santos, Albano Paulo Jorge Fernandes Rodrigues dos. "Estudo longitudinal do desenvolvimento da aptidão física e da composição corporal de rapazes e raparigas entre os 10 e os 12 anos-estudo do desenvolvimento da aptidão cardio-respiratória, força abdominal, força superior, flexibilidade e composição corporal." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29578.
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Мартыненко, Д. Б., А. С. Пронина, А. В. Шищук, and А. Т. Зозуля. "Физическая работоспособность и резервные возможности сердечно-сосудистой системы у спортсменов с профессионального футбольного клуба "Сумы"." Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/32530.
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Во время углубленного медицинского осмотра на базе Cумского областного врачебно − физкультурного диспансера в январе 2013 года нами было проведено исследование физической работоспособности и резервных возможностей сердечно − сосудистой системы у 22 спортсменов из профессионального клуба – ПФК «Сумы» − участника Всеукраинских соревнований среди футбольных команд первой лиги.
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Daniel, Laura L. "Role of Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Kinase in the Healing Process of the Heart Following Myocardial Infarction." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2504.
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Ataxia telangiectasia (AT), caused by mutations in the gene encoding ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. AT individuals exhibit neuronal degeneration and are predisposed to cancer. Carriers of this disorder are predisposed to cancer and ischemic heart disease. Heart disease, mostly due to myocardial infarction (MI), is a leading cause of death in the US. Following MI, release of catecholamines in the heart stimulates β- adrenergic receptors (β-AR). Our lab has shown that β-AR stimulation increases ATM expression in the heart and myocytes, and ATM plays an important role in β-AR-stimulated myocardial remodeling with effects on function, fibrosis and apoptosis. Using wild-type (WT) and ATM heterozygous knockout (hKO) mice, this study investigated the role of ATM in the inflammatory, proliferative and maturation phases of infarct healing post-MI. During the inflammatory phase, 1 and 3 days post-MI, a deficiency of ATM resulted in decreased left ventricular dilation as measured by echocardiography. It decreased the number of neutrophils and macrophages in the heart 1 day post-MI. Myocardial fibrosis, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-sma) and apoptosis were higher in the infarct region of ATM deficient hearts. Akt activation (anti-apoptotic) was lower, while Bax expression (pro-apoptotic) was higher in the infarct region of ATM deficient hearts. During the proliferative phase, 7 days post-MI, ATM deficiency attenuated cardiac dysfunction as measured by echocardiography. ATM deficient hearts exhibited increased fibrosis and expression of α-sma in the infarct region with increased myocyte apoptosis in the border area. During the maturation phase, 14 and 28 days post-MI, ATM deficiency resulted in exaggerated cardiac function. It associated with increased fibrosis, expression of α-sma and decreased cardiac cell apoptosis in the infarct region 28 days post-MI. Myocyte hypertrophy was greater in the non-infarct region during ATM deficiency. ATM deficiency decreased expression of p16 (marker of cell senescence) and activation of proapoptotic protein, GSK-3β. Thus, ATM modulates the remodeling processes of the heart including function, fibrosis, apoptosis and hypertrophy post-MI. ATM (1) delays the inflammatory response post-MI, (2) decreases dilative remodeling during inflammatory and proliferative phases and (3) exaggerates dysfunction during the maturation phase.
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Machado, Danilo Agostini. "Construção de um dispositivo de simulação do escoamento pulsátil em artérias /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94513.
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Resumo: Este projeto visa à análise cinemática de um arranjo experimental capaz de reproduzir o fluxo sanguíneo em artérias. O mecanismo procura realizar esse escoamento através de um sistema came-seguidor juntamente com um sistema hidráulico, utilizando êmbolo e duas válvulas controladoras de fluxo. O mecanismo came-seguidor será utilizado devido a sua versatilidade em garantir que o escoamento sanguíneo ocorra durante um ciclo cardíaco. A came será radial com seguidores de roletes. O seguidor de roletes será ligado ao cilindro hidráulico que controla o fluxo sanguíneo. Um tubo de látex foi acoplado ao sistema hidráulico representando a aorta abdominal, foi confeccionado com as dimensões reais desta artéria e o látex foi escolhido, pois possui um coeficiente de elasticidade muito próximo da artéria. Um manômetro foi acoplado ao sistema para medir a pressão no interior do tubo de látex. Na sequência um tubo de complacência simular as perdas de carga do sistema circulatório. O deslocamento radial do tubo de látex e variação de pressão do manômetro foram monitorados através de filmagem. Posteriormente, os resultados experimentais foram comparados e validados com os resultados numéricos obtidos com o programa ANSYS e com a literaturaAbstract: This project aims to kinematic analysis of an experimental apparatus able to reproduce the blood flow in arteries. The mechanism cam-follower and the hydraulic system using piston and two controlling valves of flow were used to realize the fluid flow. The camfollower mechanism was used to ensure that the fluid flow occurs during the cardiac cycle. The cam is radial with roller followers. The follower roller is connected to the hydraulic cylinder which controls the fluid flow. A latex tube was attached to the hydraulic system representing the abdominal aorta. The latex tube has the same real dimensions of this artery and it was chosen due the modulus of elasticity very close to the artery. A manometer was used to measure the outlet pressure of latex tube. After latex tube there is a complacency tube to control the pressure drop of circulatory system. The radial displacement of the latex tube and pressure variation of the manometer were monitored through filming. The experimental results were compared and validated with numerical results obtained with ANSYS software and with literature
Orientador: Aparecido Carlos Gonçalves
Coorientador: Amarildo Tabone Paschoalini
Banca: João Antonio Pereira
Banca: Cleudmar Amaral de Araújo
Mestre
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Dimitriadou, Violetta. "Donnees anatomophysiologiques en faveur d'un role non vasomoteur de l'innervation autonome des vaisseaux cerebraux : role trophique au cours du developpement et de l'age adulte, possibilite d'une intervention indirecte parl'intermediaire de cellules." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066200.
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Zagzoule, Mokhtar. "Modelisation mathematique de la circulation sanguine cerebrale : aspects instationnaires et non-newtoniens." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30144.
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Lucena, Ademar. "Programa exercício e saúde: interferência nas variáveis de aptidão física relacionadas com a saúde-estudo descritivo em mulheres idosas do bairro de Santo Amaro na cidade do Recife, Brasil." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29526.
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Leite, Sabrina Toffoli. "Comparação das respostas autonomicas e cardiorrespiratorias de homens e mulheres de meia-idade antes e apos treinamento fisico aerobio." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275163.
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Orientador: Mara Patricia Traina Chacon-MikahilDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou comparar as adaptações autonômicas e cardiorrespiratórias em resposta a um programa de 12 semanas de treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) em homens e mulheres de meia idade com hábitos de vida não ativos. Compuseram a amostra sete homens (GH), com média de idade de 44,6 ??2,1 anos, e sete mulheres (GM), com 51,7 ??4,8 anos, sendo que todas faziam terapia de reposição hormonal. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos ao treinamento físico aeróbio (caminhadas e trotes em pista, com intensidade entre 70-85% da freqüência cardíaca (FC) máxima. O treino foi composto por três sessões semanais, com a duração aproximada de 40-50 min cada sessão. Para a avaliação dos componentes autonômicos foram aplicados os protocolos de Manobra Postural Passiva (Tilt) e Eletrocardiografia Dinâmica de 24 horas (Holter), no qual foram selecionados trechos estáveis, tanto na vigília quanto no sono. Foram utilizados para a análise no domínio do tempo o desvio padrão das médias dos intervalos entre as ondas R do eletrocardiograma (iRR), a raiz quadrada da média dos quadrados dos iRR e a porcentagem de iRR com duração menor que 50ms. Já para o domínio da freqüência, por meio da aplicação da transformada rápida de Fourier, foram analisadas as faixas de baixa (LF) e alta (HF) freqüências, também em unidades normalizadas, além da potência total. Na avaliação das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias foi realizado um protocolo de esforço contínuo em cicloergômetro com incrementos crescentes de potência até a exaustão, com registro da freqüência cardíaca e análise direta de gases expirados. Os resultados mostraram que na avaliação do Holter não foram observados efeitos do treinamento nos indicadores simpático e parassimpáticos, e que o GM apresentou valores de HF ligeiramente maiores e LF menores em comparação ao GH, tanto em vigília quanto em sono, nas condições sedentário e treinado. Já no Tilt, foi possível detectar um aumento na média dos iRR após o treinamento, redução na pressão arterial sistólica de repouso e na FC máxima. Com relação à capacidade cardiorrespiratória, o GM apresentou resultados inferiores ao GH nas duas condições estudadas. Pode se concluir, portanto, que realmente as mulheres de meia idade apresentam diferenças cardiovasculares importantes quando comparadas aos homens, e que o TFA foi capaz de aprimorar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória, os valores de pressão arterial e de FC de ambos os grupos. Já com relação ao controle autonômico, na mensuração pelo Holter, não foram encontradas modificações após o treinamento físico proposto, e pela análise do protocolo de Tilt foi possível observar redução dos iRR e modificação nos valores de pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca instantânea, em ambos os grupos. Demais modificações podem não ter ocorrido em virtude da duração total do treinamento
Abstract:The aim of this research was to compare the autonomic and cardiorespiratory adaptations in response to a 12 weeks aerobic physical training program with middle age men and women with inactive habits of life. The sample was composed by seven men (GH), with mean age of 44.6 ± 2.1 years old, and seven women (GM) with 51,7 4.8 years old, all of them with hormone replacement therapy. All volunteers participated of a aerobic physical training (walks and runnings, with intensity between 70-85% of max HR. The training was composed by three sessions a week, with with the approximate duration of 40-50 minutes each session. For the assessment of autonomic components were applied the Tilt Test and 24 hours Dynamic Eletrocardiografy (Holter), which were selected stable excerpts during the vigil and the sleep. It was used for the Time Domain analysis the standard averages between R waves of the electrocardiogram (iRR), the square root of the mean square of the iRR and the percentage of iRR lasting less than 50ms. For the Frequency Domain analysis it was used the low and high frequencies, also in the normalized units, as well the total power by the Fast Fourier Transforming. To evaluate the cardiorespiratory variables it was performed a cycle ergometer protocol with increasing increments of power until the exhaustion, with the registration of heart rate and analysis of expired gases. The results showed that in the Holter evaluation no training effects were observed in sympathetic and parassimpathetic indicators, and the GM presented a higher HF and lower LF than the GH, as vigil as sleep, both sedentary and trained conditions. In the Tilt Test, it was possible to detect an increase in the average of iRR after training, reduction in systolic blood pressure at rest and maximum heart rate. About the cardiorespiratory capacity, the GM always showed shorter resuts than GH. It can be concluded that the middle age women really have important cardiovascular diferences in comparison to men, and that the TFA was able to improve the cardiorespiratory capacity, the values of PA and HR of both groups. In the autonomic control analysys, by dynamic ECG measurement, it was not found significant changes afte the physical training and by Tilt protocol analysys it was observed reduction of iRR and changes of the blood pressure and instantly heart rate values, in both groups. Other changes may not have occurred perhaps because of the insuficient duration of the training, to achieve such gains
Mestrado
Ciencia do Desporto
Mestre em Educação Física
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Cros, Ghislaine. "Exploitation des propriétés magnétiques du sang en IRM : veinographie, imagerie fonctionnelle." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10219.
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Ce travail a ete consacre a l'etude et au developpement de methodes d'imagerie par resonance magnetique (irm) permettant d'imager des regions soumises a des inhomogeneites de champ magnetique. Ces techniques ont ete appliquees a l'imagerie d'inhomogeneites de champ magnetique engendrees par des effets de susceptibilite magnetique, en particulier les effets de susceptibilite magnetique lies aux proprietes magnetiques du sang qui sous sa forme desoxygenee presente les caracteristiques d'un agent de contraste paramagnetique endogene. Ces methodes permettent alors l'acquisition de veinographies. Le premier chapitre est consacre, d'une part a des rappels sur le principe de l'irm afin d'introduire les outils necessaires a la presentation theorique des methodes etudiees et d'autre part a une etude du contraste en irm et plus particulierement du contraste en presence de composes paramagnetiques. Le deuxieme chapitre a pour theme les proprietes magnetiques du sang et leurs influences sur une mesure irm. Le troisieme chapitre expose des outils theoriques et experimentaux que nous avons utilises et/ou developpes au cours de ce travail (theorie de l'approximation lineaire aux petits angles, mesure des profils d'excitation et de tranche d'impulsions selectives). Le quatrieme chapitre presente une analyse theorique des methodes developpees ou mises en uvre ainsi que les resultats obtenus par simulation et experimentaux. Le dernier chapitre est consacre a l'imagerie fonctionnelle par resonance magnetique ; des resultats obtenus avec des methodes classiques et les methodes etudiees sont presentes
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Gaw, Richelle Leanne. "The effect of red blood cell orientation on the electrical impedance of pulsatile blood with implications for impedance cardiography." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/39448/1/Richelle_Gaw_Thesis.pdf.
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Impedance cardiography is an application of bioimpedance analysis primarily used in a research setting to determine cardiac output. It is a non invasive technique that measures the change in the impedance of the thorax which is attributed to the ejection of a volume of blood from the heart. The cardiac output is calculated from the measured impedance using the parallel conductor theory and a constant value for the resistivity of blood. However, the resistivity of blood has been shown to be velocity dependent due to changes in the orientation of red blood cells induced by changing shear forces during flow. The overall goal of this thesis was to study the effect that flow deviations have on the electrical impedance of blood, both experimentally and theoretically, and to apply the results to a clinical setting. The resistivity of stationary blood is isotropic as the red blood cells are randomly orientated due to Brownian motion. In the case of blood flowing through rigid tubes, the resistivity is anisotropic due to the biconcave discoidal shape and orientation of the cells. The generation of shear forces across the width of the tube during flow causes the cells to align with the minimal cross sectional area facing the direction of flow. This is in order to minimise the shear stress experienced by the cells. This in turn results in a larger cross sectional area of plasma and a reduction in the resistivity of the blood as the flow increases. Understanding the contribution of this effect on the thoracic impedance change is a vital step in achieving clinical acceptance of impedance cardiography. Published literature investigates the resistivity variations for constant blood flow. In this case, the shear forces are constant and the impedance remains constant during flow at a magnitude which is less than that for stationary blood. The research presented in this thesis, however, investigates the variations in resistivity of blood during pulsataile flow through rigid tubes and the relationship between impedance, velocity and acceleration. Using rigid tubes isolates the impedance change to variations associated with changes in cell orientation only. The implications of red blood cell orientation changes for clinical impedance cardiography were also explored. This was achieved through measurement and analysis of the experimental impedance of pulsatile blood flowing through rigid tubes in a mock circulatory system. A novel theoretical model including cell orientation dynamics was developed for the impedance of pulsatile blood through rigid tubes. The impedance of flowing blood was theoretically calculated using analytical methods for flow through straight tubes and the numerical Lattice Boltzmann method for flow through complex geometries such as aortic valve stenosis. The result of the analytical theoretical model was compared to the experimental impedance measurements through rigid tubes. The impedance calculated for flow through a stenosis using the Lattice Boltzmann method provides results for comparison with impedance cardiography measurements collected as part of a pilot clinical trial to assess the suitability of using bioimpedance techniques to assess the presence of aortic stenosis. The experimental and theoretical impedance of blood was shown to inversely follow the blood velocity during pulsatile flow with a correlation of -0.72 and -0.74 respectively. The results for both the experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate that the acceleration of the blood is an important factor in determining the impedance, in addition to the velocity. During acceleration, the relationship between impedance and velocity is linear (r2 = 0.98, experimental and r2 = 0.94, theoretical). The relationship between the impedance and velocity during the deceleration phase is characterised by a time decay constant, ô , ranging from 10 to 50 s. The high level of agreement between the experimental and theoretically modelled impedance demonstrates the accuracy of the model developed here. An increase in the haematocrit of the blood resulted in an increase in the magnitude of the impedance change due to changes in the orientation of red blood cells. The time decay constant was shown to decrease linearly with the haematocrit for both experimental and theoretical results, although the slope of this decrease was larger in the experimental case. The radius of the tube influences the experimental and theoretical impedance given the same velocity of flow. However, when the velocity was divided by the radius of the tube (labelled the reduced average velocity) the impedance response was the same for two experimental tubes with equivalent reduced average velocity but with different radii. The temperature of the blood was also shown to affect the impedance with the impedance decreasing as the temperature increased. These results are the first published for the impedance of pulsatile blood. The experimental impedance change measured orthogonal to the direction of flow is in the opposite direction to that measured in the direction of flow. These results indicate that the impedance of blood flowing through rigid cylindrical tubes is axisymmetric along the radius. This has not previously been verified experimentally. Time frequency analysis of the experimental results demonstrated that the measured impedance contains the same frequency components occuring at the same time point in the cycle as the velocity signal contains. This suggests that the impedance contains many of the fluctuations of the velocity signal. Application of a theoretical steady flow model to pulsatile flow presented here has verified that the steady flow model is not adequate in calculating the impedance of pulsatile blood flow. The success of the new theoretical model over the steady flow model demonstrates that the velocity profile is important in determining the impedance of pulsatile blood. The clinical application of the impedance of blood flow through a stenosis was theoretically modelled using the Lattice Boltzman method (LBM) for fluid flow through complex geometeries. The impedance of blood exiting a narrow orifice was calculated for varying degrees of stenosis. Clincial impedance cardiography measurements were also recorded for both aortic valvular stenosis patients (n = 4) and control subjects (n = 4) with structurally normal hearts. This pilot trial was used to corroborate the results of the LBM. Results from both investigations showed that the decay time constant for impedance has potential in the assessment of aortic valve stenosis. In the theoretically modelled case (LBM results), the decay time constant increased with an increase in the degree of stenosis. The clinical results also showed a statistically significant difference in time decay constant between control and test subjects (P = 0.03). The time decay constant calculated for test subjects (ô = 180 - 250 s) is consistently larger than that determined for control subjects (ô = 50 - 130 s). This difference is thought to be due to difference in the orientation response of the cells as blood flows through the stenosis. Such a non-invasive technique using the time decay constant for screening of aortic stenosis provides additional information to that currently given by impedance cardiography techniques and improves the value of the device to practitioners. However, the results still need to be verified in a larger study. While impedance cardiography has not been widely adopted clinically, it is research such as this that will enable future acceptance of the method.
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Guérin, Michel. "Remplacement du potassium par le cesium dans la fibre myocardique : etude cinetique sur le coeur isole de grenouille et de tortue." Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2005.
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Riché, Françoise. "Contribution à la recherche de radiopharmaceutiques : traceurs technétiés et iodés." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10161.
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L'analyse clinique du muscle cardiaque vise plusieurs objectifs dont l'evolution de l'activite metabolique et la mesure du debit sanguin coronaire. Pour mesurer l'activite metabolique de la cellule myocardique, la synthese et l'etude d'acides gras marques a l'iode en position omega ont ete realisees. L'acide 16-*iodohexadec-9-enoique a ete selectionne ; une trousse de marquage a ete mise au point. La recherche d'un analogue technetie d'acide gras a revele un bon traceur hepatobiliaire. La recherche de nouveaux traceurs de debit techneties nous a conduits a la synthese de nombreux macrocycles tetraazotes complexants du cur oxotechnetium ou nitrurotechnetium. L'utilisation du technetium 95m, a duree de vie plus longue que celle du technetium 99m a permis de demontrer les remarquables stabilites cinetique et thermodynamique de complexe tco#2-monoxocyclam. Le marquage des anticorps monoclonaux par ce complexe tres stable presentant un interet evident, la fonctionnalisation du monoxocyclam en position 10 a ete realisee
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Bjursten, Eva-Lena. "Blodomloppet - en hjärtesak! : Naturvetenskapliga läroböckers användning i grundskolans årskurs 4-6 samt lärobokens skildring av blodomloppets samverkan med andra organsystem." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44353.
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Forskning visar att läroböcker spelar en viktig roll i de naturvetenskapliga ämnena. Samtidigt riktas kritik mot lärobokens utformning där samverkan mellan människans organsystem inte visas tydligt i texter och bilder. I denna studie undersöks hur blodomloppets samverkan med andningen samt med matspjälkningen skildras i läroböckernas texter och bilder som används i grundskolans årskurs 4-6. Intervjuer med fem lärare har genomförts för att undersöka hur text och bild från läroböckerna används i undervisningen. Analyserna av läroböckerna visade att skildringen av hur blodomloppet samverkar med matspjälkningen är tydliga i lärobokens texter medan det saknas bilder på denna samverkan. Den samverkan som sker mellan blodomloppet och andningen är tydlig i både bilder och text. Intervjuerna pekade på att användandet av läroböcker är lågt i de naturvetenskapliga ämnena i grundskolans årskurs 4-6.Research shows that the textbook plays an important role in science education. However, textbooks has been criticized because of the poor descriptions of the interaction between the human circulatory, respiratory and digestive systems. This study shows how the relationship between the circulatory system, respiratory and digestive system is described in primary school science textbooks in both texts and images. Five teachers have been interviewed to examine how they use the texts and the images from the textbooks in the classroom. Analyzes of the textbooks show that the interaction between the circulatory system and the digestive system is clearly described in texts though there is a lack of illustrative images. The interaction between the circulatory system and the respiration is clear in both images and text. The interviews showed that the use of science textbooks is scarce in primary school year 4-6.
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Шостакович-Корецька, Л. Р., і. В. Будаєва, and Г. О. Ревенко. "Клініко-діагностичні критерії уражень серця при хворобі Лайма." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/43170.
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Хвороба Лайма (ХЛ) – найбільш поширена природно-осередкова трансмісивна інфекція в Україні і являє собою серйозну медичну проблему внаслідок поліморфізму ураження органів і систем. Хвороба має декілька клінічних стадій, від первинних проявів до віддалених часом хронічних форм. Особливе занепокоєння викликають пізні ураження різних систем і органів через несвоєчасну діагностику, що
призводить до хронічних проявів (3,5-10,6 % випадків), довготривалої непрацездатності, інвалідизації, а інколи, і до летальних випадків. Встановлено, що збудник Borrelia burgdorferi уражає серцево-судинну систему у 15-20 % хворих.
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Magalhães, Pedro Miguel Queirós Pimenta de. "Alterações hematológicas agudas induzidas por diferentes protocolos de exercício físico exaustivo e inabitual." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29245.
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Jesus, Luciana Romeira de. "Ensinando o sistema circulatório no ensino fundamental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81133/tde-27042015-155241/.
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Este trabalho se caracteriza por ser uma proposta de intervenção pedagógica construtivista, que utiliza as ideias de Jean Piaget sobre a construção do conhecimento, como diretrizes para alcançar a aprendizagem. Espera-se permitir a aprendizagem de um conteúdo específico da Ciência, que é o Sistema Circulatório (SC) e, ao mesmo tempo, a compreensão do processo de construção do conhecimento científico. Para atingir esses objetivos de aprendizagem foi construída uma sequência didática (SD). Essa SD conta com estratégias para permitir que os estudantes aprendam um conteúdo específico (SC), e participem de atividades que envolvem a História da Ciência (HC). A SD procura fatos pontuais que mostram a construção dos conceitos científicos sobre o SC, e que acima de tudo, destacam o caráter descontínuo da evolução da Ciência, entremeados por erros e acertos, ambos essenciais para prosseguir. A SD foi aplicada em um curso piloto, e os materiais produzidos pelos estudantes durante as intervenções propostas foram analisados de acordo com a \"análise discursiva textual\", no intuito de avaliar a aprendizagem em desenvolvimento e a propriedade das intervenções dentro da SD. Esta modalidade de análise foi tomada para adequar-se à natureza dos dados que se apresentavam, caracterizando uma pesquisa qualitativa. A primeira intervenção da SD foi a sondagem das concepções prévias dos estudantes, por meio de discussões em sala de aula. A segunda foi um momento de atividade prática, em que os estudantes puderam manipular nosso objeto de estudo (o elemento coração no SC). Eles receberam vários corações de galinha, e deviam analisá-los; fazer anotações e desenhos do que eles estavam observando. Depois de expressarem suas ideias, e explorarem algo concreto do SC, os estudantes receberam textos que traziam ideias distintas sobre o funcionamento deste sistema, formuladas por diferentes \"pensadores\" ao longo da HC. Muitas dessas ideias eram semelhantes às dos estudantes e outras bem distintas. Em seguida uma linha do tempo lhes foi apresentada, onde apareciam todos os pensadores dos textos anteriores, localizados na sua época. A última intervenção foi uma aula expositiva-dialogada e prática, mostrando como compreendemos o SC hoje. Depois de expor como a Ciência defende o funcionamento do SC atualmente, o coração de boi foi utilizado para mostrar estruturas importantes do coração. Foi possível perceber que existe uma forte relação entre as ideias dos estudantes e as encontradas na literatura histórica a respeito desse conteúdo. A SD permitiu em vários momentos que os estudantes fossem atores de seus próprios conhecimentos, manipulassem estruturas concretas, e tivessem acesso a ideias distintas a respeito do funcionamento do SC - muitas delas, para o contexto atual, consideradas erradas. Com isso eles se relacionaram melhor com a ideia do erro, presente tanto no contexto da HC, como no ambiente de sala de aula, o que favoreceu o processo de ensino e aprendizagem em uma perspectiva construtivista.This work is characterized by a constructivist pedagogical intervention proposal that makes use of Jean Piaget\'s ideas of knowledge construction as ways to reach learning. It is expected that learning about a specific Science content, such as the circulatory system may be enabled simultaneously with an understanding of the scientific knowledge construction process. A didactic sequence (DS) was elaborated in order to fulfill these two learning objectives. This DS contains strategies to lead students to learn a specific content (SC) and participate in activities that involve the History of Science (HC). The DS calls the attention to points that show the building up of scientific knowledge about SC stressing the discontinuous character of science evolution with sequences of misses and hits that are both essential for progress. SD was applied to a pilot course and materials produced by students during the proposed interventions have been analysed according to the \"textual discursive analysis\", aiming to an evaluation of ongoing learning and the adequacy of interventions within the SD. This kind of analysis was used to be adequate to the nature of data, characterizing a qualitative investigation. The first DS intervention was the investigation about student\'s previous conceptions by means of classroom discussions. The second intervention involved a practice activity when students could handle our study object (the heart element at SC). They received several hicken hearts that they should analyse writing notes and drawing sketches of what was being observed. After expressing their ideas and some concrete exploration about SC, students received texts containing different ideas about his scheme that had been written by several intellectuals along HS. Many of these ideas were similar to those of students but others were quite different. Then a timeline was presented to them where all the previous texts intellectuals appeared in their epoch. The last intervention was an expositive class with dialogues and practice showing how SC is presently understood. A cow heart was then used to show the important heart structures. Is has been possible to onclude that there is a strong relation between students ideas and those that may be found in historical literature about this subject. DS often enabled students to be the actors of their own knowledge, handling concrete structures and having access to different ideas about the heart functioning- some of them to be considered as wrong in the present context. This situation led them to improvement in the idea of errors that are present in HS context but also in the classroom and this favored the teaching and learning process from a constructivist perspective.
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Орловський, Віктор Феліксович, Виктор Феликсович Орловский, and Viktor Feliksovych Orlovskyi. "Дефіцит вітаміну Д - модифікований фактор розвитку серцево-судинних захворювань." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27082.
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Хвороби органів кровообігу є головною причиною смертності населення країн сучасної цивілізації. Серцево-судинні захворювання (ССЗ) посідають перше місце в структурі смертності громадян України (66,6%).В той же час у 2008 році було підраховано, що більш ніж 1 млрд. людей мають дефіцит або недостатність вітаміну Д.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27082
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Homayoun, Parvin. "Metabolisme lipidique des microvaisseaux cerebraux dans differentes conditions physiologiques : influence de facteurs lipidiques alimentaires." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077077.
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Drubay, Damien. "Analyse de la relation dose-réponse pour les risques de mortalité par cancer et par maladie de l'appareil circulatoire chez les mineurs d'uranium." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA11T008/document.
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La relation entre le risque de décès par cancer du poumon et l’exposition au radon est aujourd’hui établie, notamment à partir des études conduites chez les mineurs d’uranium. Mais de nombreuses interrogations persistent sur les risques de cancers extra-pulmonaires et de maladies non-cancéreuses, et sur l'impact sur la santé des autres expositions radiologiques professionnelles. L’objectif général de cette thèse est de contribuer à l’estimation des risques radio-induits aux faibles débits de dose au travers de l'analyse des risques de décès par cancer du rein et par Maladie de l'Appareil Circulatoire (MAC) chez les mineurs d’uranium.Les analyses du risque de décès par cancer du rein ont été réalisées au sein de la cohorte française des mineurs d'uranium (n=5 086 ; période de suivi : 1946-2007), la cohorte post-55 (n=3 377 ; période de suivi : 1957-2007) et la cohorte allemande de la Wismut (n=58 986; période de suivi : 1946-2003) au sein desquelles sont respectivement répertoriés 24, 11 et 174 décès par cancer du rein. L’exposition au radon et à ses descendants à vie courte (exprimée en Working Level Month WLM), aux poussières d’uranium (kBqh.m-3) et aux rayonnements gamma (mSv) a été estimée individuellement et la dose absorbée au rein a été calculée. La relation dose-réponse a été affinée par rapport à l'analyse classique en considérant deux types de réponse : le risque instantané de décès par cancer du rein (analyse classique, Cause-specific Hazard Ratio (CSHR) estimé avec le modèle de Cox) et sa probabilité d'occurrence au cours du suivi (Subdistribution Hazard Ratio (SHR) estimé avec le modèle de Fine & Gray). Un excès de mortalité par cancer du rein était observé dans la cohorte française (SMR = 1,62 IC95%[1,04; 2,41]), mais pas dans la cohorte post-55. Dans la cohorte de la Wismut, un déficit de mortalité par cancer du rein était observé (0,89 [0,78; 0,99]). Pour ces trois populations, aucune relation n'a pu être mise en évidence entre les expositions radiologiques (ou la dose au rein) et le risque de décès par cancer du rein (ex : CSHRWismut_radon/100WLM=1,023 [0,993; 1,053]), ni avec sa probabilité d'occurrence au cours du suivi (ex : SHRWismut_radon /100WLM=1,012 [0,983; 1,042]).L’étude du risque de décès par MAC dans la cohorte française a montré une augmentation significative du risque de décès par MAC (n=442, CSHR/100WLM=1,11 [1,01; 1,22]) et par Maladie CérébroVasculaire (MCeV, n=105, CSHR/100WLM=1,25 [1,09; 1,43]) avec l’exposition au radon. Une enquête cas-témoins nichée au sein de la cohorte a été mise en place pour recueillir dans les dossiers médicaux les facteurs de risque classiques de MAC (surpoids, hypertension, diabète...) pour 313 mineurs (76 décès par MAC (dont 26 par Cardiopathie Ischémique (CI) et 16 par MCeV) et 237 témoins). Pour les trois expositions radiologiques, la relation exposition-risque a été analysée au sein d'une pseudo-cohorte (obtenue en pondérant les observations par l'inverse de la probabilité de sélection, n=1 644 pseudo-individus) avec le modèle de Cox, en ajustant sur les différents facteurs de risque. L’association entre les expositions radiologiques et le risque de décès par MAC, CI ou MCeV n'était pas significative (ex : CSHRMAC_radon/100WLM=1,43 [0,71; 2,87]). La prise en compte des facteurs de risque ne modifiait pas sensiblement cette association.L'absence de relation dose-réponse significative suggère que l'excès de mortalité par cancer du rein chez les mineurs français serait induit par d'autres facteurs, non-disponibles pour cette analyse. La faible variation des coefficients avec l'ajustement sur les facteurs de risque de MAC dans l'enquête cas-témoins nichée soutient l'hypothèse de l'existence d'une augmentation du risque de MCeV dans la cohorte française associée à l’exposition au radon. La poursuite du suivi de la cohorte permettra d'affiner ces résultatsThe relation between lung cancer risk and radon exposure has been clearly established, especially from the studies on uranium miner cohorts. But the association between radon exposure and extrapulmonary cancers and non-cancer diseases remains not well known. Moreover, the health risks associated with the other mining-related ionizing radiation exposures are still under consideration. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the estimation of the radio-induced health risks at low-doses through the analysis of the kidney cancer and Circulatory System Disease (CSD) mortality risks among uranium miners.Kidney cancer mortality risk analyses were performed from the French cohort of uranium miners (n=5086; follow-up period: 1946-2007), the post-55 cohort (n=3,377; follow-up period: 1957-2007) and the German cohort of the Wismut (n=58,986; follow-up period: 1946-2003) which included 24, 11 and 174 deaths from kidney cancer, respectively. The exposures to radon and its short-lived progeny (expressed in Working Level Month WLM), to uranium ore dust (kBqh.m-3) and to external gamma rays (mSv) were estimated for each miners and the equivalent kidney dose was calculated. The dose-response relation was refined considering two responses: the instantaneous risk of kidney cancer mortality (corresponding to the classical analysis, Cause-specific Hazard Ratio (CSHR) estimated with the Cox model) and its occurrence probability during the follow-up (Subdistribution Hazard Ratio (SHR) estimated with the Fine & Gray model). An excess of kidney cancer mortality was observed only in the French cohort (SMR = 1.62 CI95%[1.04; 2.41]). In the Wismut cohort, a decrease of the kidney cancer mortality was observed (0.89 [0.78; 0.99]). For these three cohorts, the occupational radiological exposures (or the equivalent kidney dose) were significantly associated neither with the risk of kidney cancer mortality (e.g. CSHRWismut_radon/100WLM=1.023 [0.993; 1.053]), nor with its occurrence probability during the follow-up (e.g. SHRWismut_radon /100WLM=1.012 [0.983; 1.042]).CSD mortality risk analyses in the French cohort showed a significant increase of the risks of mortality from CSD (n=442, CSHR/100WLM=1.11 [1.01; 1.22]) and from CerebroVascular Disease (MCeV, n=105, CSHR/100WLM=1.25 [1.09; 1.43]) with radon exposure. A case-control study nested in the French cohort was set up to collect the information related to CSD risk factors (overweight, hypertension, diabetes...) from the medical records of 313 miners (76 deaths from CSD (including 26 from Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) and 16 from MCeV) and 237 controls). For the three radiological exposures, the exposure-risk relation was analyzed in a pseudo-cohort (n=1,644 pseudo-individuals, obtained from the weighting of the observations by their inverse selection probability) with the Cox model, adjusted for the CSD risk factors. The association between the radiological exposure and the risk of mortality from CSD, IHD or MCeV was not significant (e.g. CSHRCSD_radon/100WLM=1.43 [0.71; 2.87]). The adjustment for CSD risk factors did not substantially change the exposure-risk relation.The lack of a significant dose-response relation suggests that the excess of kidney cancer mortality among the French uranium miners may be induced by other risk factors, unavailable for this study. The small change of the coefficients observed after adjustment for CSD risk factors in the nested case-control study supports the assumption of the existence of the MCeV mortality risk increase associated with radon exposure in the French cohort of uranium miners. Future analyses based on further follow-up updates should allow to confirm or not these results