Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cisaillement (Géologie)'
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Lamontagne, Éric. "Étude hydromécanique d'une fracture en cisaillement sous contrainte normale constante." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65280.pdf.
Full textArbaret, Laurent. "Orientation préférentielle de forme dans les magmas : modélisation analogique 3D en cisaillement simple." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21732.
Full textAhmadi, Riadh. "Utilisation des marqueurs morphologiques, sédimentologiques et microstructuraux pour la validation des modèles cinématiques de plissement. Application à l'Atlas méridional tunisien." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2087.
Full textThe use of fold modelling in foreland basin leads to propose balanced cross sections through the southern Tunisian Atlas. These cross sections highlight the dominance of the fault-propagation folds in a thin skin deformation mechanics in this region. Kinematics of the model, and especially hinge migration, has been validated by using several morphological and sedimentary markers. Moreover, fractures net tectonic studies allow establishing new relationship between folding and fracturing. Our hypothesis postulates that fractures are mainly anterior to folding, and when the fold grows-up, limb simple shear reactivates and enhances the inherited fractures net density. Therefore, the use of multidisciplinary approach in Gafsa Basin fold belts leads to reconstitute the regional deformation style. We have estabilsh a relative kinematic ranking of folds growth, and we proposed a dextral simple shear deformation of the sedimentary cover. This simple shear explains both deferential shortening observed on cross sections, and structural organisation within the major regional fault systems. Morphological and sedimentological observations, associated to paleoclimatic correlations allow distinguishing a villafranchian major tectonic phases of southern Tunisian Atlas building. Deformation speed computations shows values close to one millimetre per year (1 mm/year)
Bascou, Jérôme. "Relations entre microstructures, mécanismes de déformation et propriétés physiques anisotropes des roches de haut grade de métamorphisme : étude de quelques éclogites et granulites." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20118.
Full textWüstefeld, Andreas. "Méthodes et applications des ondes des cisaillement : Le Craton de l'Europe de l'Est." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20081.
Full textLopez, Philippe. "Comportement mécanique d'une fracture en cisaillement : analyse par plan d'expériences des données mécaniques et morphologiques connues sur une fracture." Thèse, Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://constellation.uqac.ca/949/1/12127341.pdf.
Full textLefêvre, Franck. "Comportement en cisaillement et évolution de la morphologie des discontinuités rocheuses." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL058N.
Full textBerty, Catherine. "Etude des filons de calcite cisaillants dans les nappes superficielles : applications aux Apennins du Nord et au versant sud des Pyrénées." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20110.
Full textGumiaux, Charles. "Modélisation du cisaillement hercynien de Bretagne centrale : déformation crustale et implications lithosphériques." Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003938v2.
Full textPili, Eric. "Distribution et transfert des fluides à l'échelle de la lithosphère continentale : investigations géochimique et géophysique des granulites de Madagascar." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10013.
Full textTaboada, Alfredo. "Modélisation numérique en tectonique : applications dans les domaines ductile et cassant." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20022.
Full textSeif, El Dine Bassel. "Etude du comportement mécanique des sols grossiers à matrice." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002992.
Full textBriedj, Moussa. "Etude géologique de la région de Tahifet (Hoggar central, Algérie) : implications géodynamiques." Nancy 1, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1993_0102_BRIEDJ.pdf.
Full textLerouge, Gilles. "Tectonogenèse comparée de deux segments de la chaine hercynienne : le Massif Central français septentrional et le Sud du Massif Armoricain." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112489.
Full textCurtil, Stéphane. "Stabilité de talus rocheux en structure compressive avec zones de cisaillement : mine de chrysotile de Cana Brava (Brésil)." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0620.
Full textSéranne, Michel. "Tectonique des bassins dévoniens de Norvège : mise en évidence de bassins sédimentaires en extension formés par amincissement d'une croûte orogénique épaissie." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20096.
Full textVanier, Marc-Antoine, and Marc-Antoine Vanier. "Caractérisation des zones de cisaillement du sud-est de la Province de Churchill, Québec : un cas d'écoulement latéral en croûte-moyenne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37137.
Full textCette contribution présente une approche combinant les résultats de traitements et d’interprétations de données aéromagnétiques, d’une étude structurale de terrain, d’une analyse des axes-c du quartz et de la géochronologie U-Pb. Les résultats révèlent les caractéristiques principales de trois zones de cisaillement du sud-est de la Province de Churchill (SEPC) : i) une foliation subverticale et une linéation d’étirement subhorizontale, ii) une cinématique dextre le long des zones de cisaillement N-S, iii) une cinématique senestre le long des zones de cisaillement WNW-ESE et iv) des tectonites en L à LS. L’angle obtus de 116° entre les zones de cisaillement de la rivière George (ZCRG) et de Moonbase indique qu’elles forment une paire de cisaillements ductiles conjuguées. Les angles d’ouverture des fabriques d’axes-c indiquent des températures de déformation représentatives entre ~ 575 °C et 685 °C dans la ZCRG et entre ~ 670 °C et 805 °C dans la Zone de cisaillement du lac Tudor. Les microstructures appuient ces températures de déformation et indiquent un degré variable de recristallisation statique dans la ZCRG. La majorité de la déformation dans la ZCRG a eu lieu avant 1812 ± 5 Ma. Les températures de déformation élevées et généralisées ont favorisé la déformation pénétrative qui se manifeste par un réseau de zones de cisaillement. La géométrie et la cinématique de ce réseau suggèrent que la portion est du SEPC a subi une déformation approximativement coaxiale durant un raccourcissement ~ NE-SW, qui a été accommodé par l’écoulement ductile latéral de la croûte-moyenne vers une limite non confinée au SSE. Ce modèle tectonique fournit une explication pour l’absence d’une empreinte métamorphique dans les domaines de Mistinibi-Raude et d’Orma. La ZCRG, est reliées à l’écoulement latéral en croûte moyenne durant une collision approximativement orthogonale plutôt qu’à une collision oblique causée par le déplacement vers le nord du craton Supérieur.
This contribution presents results from treatments and interpretations of aeromagnetic data, structural field studies, quartz c-axis analysis, and zircon U-Pb geochronology. These results reveal the main characteristics of the shear zones: i) subvertical foliation and subhorizontal stretching lineation, ii) dextral kinematics along N-S shear zones, iii) sinistral kinematics along WNW-ESE shear zones, and iv) L to LS tectonites. The obtuse angle of 116° between the George River (GRSZ) and Moonbase shear zones indicates that they form a set of conjugate ductile shear zones. Quartz c-axis opening angle thermometry outlines representative deformation temperatures that range from ~ 575 °C to 685 °C in the GRSZ and from ~ 670 °C to 805 (±50) °C in the Lac Tudor shear zone. Microstructures support those deformation temperatures and indicate a variable degree of static recrystallization in the GRSZ. Most of the deformation in the GRSZ occurred prior to 1812 ± 5 Ma. Generalized high deformation temperatures in the Southeastern Churchill Province (SECP) has favored penetrative deformation resulting in the development of a shear zone network. The geometry and kinematics of the shear zone network indicates that the eastern portion of the SECP accommodated near coaxial bulk strain during ~NE-SW shortening, which was accommodated by ductile lateral flow of the mid-crust towards the unconfined SSE. This tectonic model provides an explanation for the lack of a trans-hudsonian metamorphic footprint in the Mistinibi-Raude Block and the Orma Domain. The GRSZ is therefore interpreted to be related to lateral flow in the mid-crust during close to orthogonal collision rather than to oblique collision caused by northward displacement of the Superior craton.
This contribution presents results from treatments and interpretations of aeromagnetic data, structural field studies, quartz c-axis analysis, and zircon U-Pb geochronology. These results reveal the main characteristics of the shear zones: i) subvertical foliation and subhorizontal stretching lineation, ii) dextral kinematics along N-S shear zones, iii) sinistral kinematics along WNW-ESE shear zones, and iv) L to LS tectonites. The obtuse angle of 116° between the George River (GRSZ) and Moonbase shear zones indicates that they form a set of conjugate ductile shear zones. Quartz c-axis opening angle thermometry outlines representative deformation temperatures that range from ~ 575 °C to 685 °C in the GRSZ and from ~ 670 °C to 805 (±50) °C in the Lac Tudor shear zone. Microstructures support those deformation temperatures and indicate a variable degree of static recrystallization in the GRSZ. Most of the deformation in the GRSZ occurred prior to 1812 ± 5 Ma. Generalized high deformation temperatures in the Southeastern Churchill Province (SECP) has favored penetrative deformation resulting in the development of a shear zone network. The geometry and kinematics of the shear zone network indicates that the eastern portion of the SECP accommodated near coaxial bulk strain during ~NE-SW shortening, which was accommodated by ductile lateral flow of the mid-crust towards the unconfined SSE. This tectonic model provides an explanation for the lack of a trans-hudsonian metamorphic footprint in the Mistinibi-Raude Block and the Orma Domain. The GRSZ is therefore interpreted to be related to lateral flow in the mid-crust during close to orthogonal collision rather than to oblique collision caused by northward displacement of the Superior craton.
Granier, Thérèse. "Initiation, évolution et amortissement des failles en domaine fragile." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20069.
Full textChampenois, Michel. "Apport de l'analyse interactive d'images à l'étude de l'évolution structurale de zones déformées : application à une zone de cisaillement pan-africaine de l'Adrar des Iforas (Mali) et aux orthogneiss du massif du Grand Paradis (Alpes, Italie)." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772725.
Full textSassier, Caroline. "Nouvelle méthode de mesure in situ de paléovitesse de déformation : application à la zone de cisaillement de l’Ailao Shan-Fleuve Rouge." Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/44/36/03/PDF/These_Sassier_2007_complete.pdf.
Full textWe developed a direct method to measure palaeo-strain rate from syntectonic dykes in the Ailao Shan-Red River strike slip shear zone. Our method combines 232Th/208Pb dating on monazites and quantification of deformation of these dykes. Strain rate measurements (≈ 310-14s-1) are one order of magnitude inferior to strain rates independantly estimated for the bulk shear zone. Quartz piezometer yield palaeo-stress estimates that allow the calculation of strain rates inferring a power flow law. Comparison of strain rate results obtained with both methods permit to discuss these power flow laws of the continental crust. This study aims to better constrain the continental lithosphere rheology and associated deformation mechanisms
Bras, Erwan. "Couplages entre métamorphisme, fluides et déformation : étude de cas de l’éclogitisation dans les Arcs de Bergen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENB069.
Full textEclogitisation is an emblematic process of continental subduction zones. It involves transformation of the mineralogical assemblage, changes in rheology and permeability, fluid-rock interactions, and deformation that is either viscous or brittle, with the potential to cause earthquakes. The study of the coupling between metamorphic reactions, deformation and fluids is therefore crucial to understand the nature and rheology of the lower continental crust when it reaches high-pressure conditions. The aim of this thesis is to study this coupling, focusing on a specific field case: the eclogitisation of granulite on Holsnøy Island, a now-exhumed part of the ancient lower crust of the Caledonian mountain range, in the Bergen Arcs in western Norway. Observation of field relations shows that deformation and fluid circulation are the forces that drive eclogitisation of the lower crust. However, the temporal evolution and pressure conditions of eclogitic zones are still enigmatic. During this thesis, I therefore set out to understand how feedbacks between metamorphic transformation, fluid transport and deformation can explain the spatio-temporal evolution of the Holsnøy eclogite zones. This thesis is structured into three main chapters that correspond to two previously published scientific articles, and a third in preparation. As a first step, I carried out a detailed petrological study of an eclogite shear zone at Holsnøy, in order to determine the mineralogical and textural changes during the successive metamorphic reactions that transform granulite into eclogite. These observations reveal that the first reactions weaken the granulite, and the last ones partially restore the strength of the rock. I developed a numerical model that illustrates that this transient weakening mechanism, associated with fluid circulation, contributes to the widening of the shear zones over time. Secondly, I developed a numerical model to study how episodic high pressure pulses can propagate eclogitisation into the granulite, even if it is impermeable. I show that there is a positive feedback between fluid circulation and eclogitisation: a fluid influx causes eclogitisation, which increases the rock density, generating porosity and thus promoting fluid flow. A hydroreactive front can propagate rapidly into the impermeable granulite and cause its eclogitisation. Therefore, fluid-reaction coupling is a plausible process for the evolution of Holsnøy eclogite zones. In order to bring together the results of the first two articles, I finally extended the previous model to include deformation and the rheological effects of eclogitisation. This study shows that deformation in a rheologically heterogeneous medium can generate local pressure variations of several kbar, which can explain the juxtaposition of rocks with different metamorphic facies at the same crustal level. Fluid circulation, however, may affect these pressure variations
La, Chapelle Guy de. "Le bassin néogène de Nijar-Carboneras (sud-est de l'Espagne) : les relations entre la sédimentologie et les étapes de la structuration." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10050.
Full textAntseleve, Michel. "Comportement mécanique des sols résiduels tropicaux : cas des latérites et des saprolites de la Nouvelle-Calédonie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL095N.
Full textGoutierre, Isabelle. "Nouvel appareil de cisaillement circulaire pour argiles très peu denses in situ : utilisation pour l'étude de la navigabilité dans les chenaux envasés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0014.
Full textEchtler, Helmut. "Les nappes du versant sud dans l'évolution tectonique varisque de la Montagne Noire (sud du Massif central) : de l'épaississement crustal à l'extension tardi-orogénique." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20119.
Full textBelem, Tikou. "Morphologie et comportement mécanique des discontinuités rocheuses." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_BELEM_T.pdf.
Full textMessen, Younès Hamza. "Phénomène de nucléation des séismes : Approche expérimentale par le cisaillement d'une farine de faille modèle." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00555067.
Full textRolin, Patrick. "Tectonogenèse comparée de deux segments de la chaine hercynienne : le Massif Central francais septentrional et la Meseta marocaine septentrionale." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112501.
Full textPacheco, Neves Sergio. "Etude des relations entre magmatisme et zones de cisaillement lithosphériques : exemple des décrochements de Pernambuco et Fazenda Nova - Etat de Pernambuco - Brésil." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20002.
Full textGuo, Dijiang. "Caractéristiques structurales de la zone de cisaillement de Wulong et de la minéralisation relative d'or dans le camp d'or de Wulong, Province du Sud-Est de Liaoning, Chine = [Structural characteristics of the Wulong shear zone and related gold mineralization in the Wulong Gold Camp, southeastern Liaoning Province, China]." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65212.pdf.
Full textJeambrun, Denis. "Propagation d'une onde de cisaillement en milieu non linéaire dissipatif." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755781.
Full textArnaud, Florence. "Analyse structurale et thermo-barométrique d'un système de chevauchements varisque : les Cévennes centrales (Massif Central français) microstructures et mécanismes de déformation dans les zones de cisaillement schisteuses." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL145N.
Full textMandour, Houcine. "Étude et caractérisation des sols de la ville de Marrakech : approches géologique et géotechnique." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2005.
Full textThis research work concerned both into the physical as well as mechanical characterization of the soils of Marrakech and its surroundings. The evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of these soils (between 0 and 10 m), is not easy because the degree of heterogeneity of materials is high and mainly due to the size, the nature and the origin. Soils samples has been studied in laboratory to give a classification of them according to their lithologies and their physical characteristics. From these results, it has been possible (1) to carry out a spacial distribution of materials and to specify their various classes, (2) to propose a cartography of the geotechnical data of these soils. The shear strength characteristics on these soils have been determined by using the usual direct shear box apparatus. These shear tests was performed to investigate some influences relative to the size and shape of grains, the lithological nature of materials and the clipping of materials. The values of the mechanical characteristics (c, phi) are depending on these parameters. In conclusion, this research work provides a better geotechnical knowledge of the soil of the town of Marrakech and its surroundings
Gibergues, Natacha. "Modélisation cinématique réversible 3D de structures géologiques plissées et faillées." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10125.
Full textBasin modeling is one of the important objective in petroleum exploration. Its goal is to understand the evolution of the petroleum potential in space and time. The understanding is done in two steps : an inverse step, called restoration to describe the evolution of the geometry through time, a direct step which simulates fluid transfers through geological time steps. In this report, we focus our attention on the kinematic reversible problem. Our approach integrates in the building of the model some geometrical or geological rules as soon as possible to help the restoration, and the simulation step. To do that, we consider some simplified trigonometric laws for the deformation and the displacement of the 3D blocks. Vertical shear and flexural slip can be considered, for each strata independently, in function of the type of formation. In the first part of the report, we improve the geometry of the fault surface in introducing a thread criterion which correct the geometry for the slipping between 2 blocks. In a second part, the prototype has been validated on different examples of growing complexity in the reversible way. This work has emphasized the necessity to work up-stream in the building of the model to make easier the restoration and deformation of the model through geological times
Gibergues, Natacha. "Modélisation cinématique réversible 3D de structures géologiques plissées et faillées." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433804.
Full textTartese, Romain. "Caractérisation et datation des circulations de fluides dans le Cisaillement Sud Armoricain (Massif Armoricain, France)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674890.
Full textBabchia, Mohamed Zouhair. "Les paléocirculations fluides dans la Tagragra D'akka (Anti-Atlas, Maroc) : étude combinée des inclusions fluides et de la déformation des quartz aurifères, conséquences pour la métallogénie de l'or." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL021N.
Full textBouissou, Stéphane. "Approche de l'instabilité sismique par l'analyse du glissement saccadé avec un analogue de roche (PMMA)." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20079.
Full textWane, Ousmane. "Étude géologique du Birimien de la région de Massigui (Paléoprotérozoïque du Mali méridional) : la zone de cisaillement du Banifing, structure majeure du craton ouest-africain." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10093.
Full textThe Massigui degree sheet (South Mali) is composed of metavolcano sedimentary rocks and large masses of plutonic rocks of Paleoproterozoic age. It is crossed by a shear zone of crustal scale, which is set up in the interface of the batholith and metavolcano sedimentary sequences. The shear zone is littered with bodies of dioritic and granitoid rocks. The understanding and studying of such matter have become a regional issue.Paleoproterozoic rocks don’t crop out well and the area is covered by abundant lateritic formations, which prevent us from seeing the contacts between different units and few academic geological studies have been done on the region despite its high mineral potential. The understanding of the geology of the region required a multidisciplinary approach combining both field work and laboratory, (e.g. petrostructural study, microscopic observations, geochemistry of rocks and minerals) which were undertaken in this thesis.The data collected as part of this thesis, indicate a fundamental link between dioritic rocks and granitoid that line the shear zone Banifing. This establishment is to support the functioning of the occurrence of shearing Banifing along magmatic suite implements, which shows a complete evolution from diorites to the granites through the monzodiorites and granodiorites. This suite has been called magmatic plutonic suite of Banifing
Billien, Magali. "Hétérogénéités de vitesse et d'atténuation du manteau supérieur à l'échelle globale par modélisation du mode fondamental des ondes de surface." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13035.
Full textVigneresse, Jean-Louis. "La croûte du Massif armoricain : intrusions granitiques, déformation hercynienne, structure thermique." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20096.
Full textNguiessi, Tchankam Clovis. "Le complexe plutonique calco-alcalin de Bandja lié à la zone mobile panafricaine de l'ouest Cameroun." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10058.
Full textChauvet, Alain. "Étude pétrostructurale du substratum des bassins dévoniens de l'ouest Norvège : les processus d'amincissement de la croûte calédonienne épaissie." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20099.
Full textMoisy, Michel. "Evolution de la perméabilité et de la circulation des fluides hydrothermaux dans une zone de cisaillement fragile." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529983.
Full textLamarque, Gaëlle. "Structures et déformations associées au fonctionnement d'une zone de cisaillement majeure : étude multi-échelle de la bordure Est du craton Néoarchéen-Paléoprotérozoïque de Terre Adélie (Mertz shear zone, Antarctique de l'Est)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4014.
Full textThe study of the behavior and the structure of large shear zones, as well as their evolution in space and times is essential because shear zones accommodate the main deformation in intermediate and deep crust as well as in the mantle.The Mertz shear zone (MSZ; longitude 145°East, Antarctica) is a key target for the study of the deformation localization. The MSZ is located on the eastern boundary of the Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic Terre Adélie craton (TAC) and it separates the TAC from a Paleozoic granitic domain to the east. Previous studies suggest that this strike slip structure was probably continuous with the Kalinjala shear zone (KSZ, South Australia) before the opening of the Southern Ocean. Outcrops indicate that the MSZ was formed in the intermediate crust during a transpressive event at 1.7 Ga. The structure of the MSZ was studied from terrain to micrometric scales. The field structural study shows that the Paleoproterozoic deformation is mainly accommodated by localized shear zones that are extremely anastomosed at the MSZ and become more scattered elsewhere in the TAC. Microstructures and crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of minerals (quartz, feldspaths, biotite, amphibole and orthopyroxene) of the MSZ indicate similar characteristics that can be interpreted in terms of conditions, cinematic and rate of deformation, which are distinct from those of the the tectonic boudins from the TAC. These tectonic boudins reveal microstructures and CPO including a large variety of mechanisms of deformation developed during their formation at 2.5 Ga. The seismological study (receiver functions and SKS-waves anisotropy) permits the characterization of the deep structure on the MSZ area. Receiver functions results show that crustal thickness is about 40 to 44km in the TAC, 36km above the MSZ and 28km in the Paleozoic domain to the east. Analysis of SKS-waves anisotropy suggests that the mantle structures below the craton (ϕ≈N90°E, δt=0,8-1,6s) are different from the ones below the Paleozoic domain (ϕ≈N60°E, δt=0,6s). Thus, the MSZ constitutes the boundary between two lithospheres with distinct crustal thicknesses and mantle structures. The geochronological study (U-Pb dating on zircon and monazite) reveals that the basement of the domain located to the east of the MSZ has a different age and geodynamical story than the TAC. Inherited Archean and Paleoproterozoic ages are similar to those of the terrains located to the east of the KSZ in South Australia that confirms the connection between the Mertz and Kalinjala shear zones. Moreover, the inherited and metamorphic Paleozoic zircon ages as well as the geographic location of the outcrops west of the Transantarctic mountains suggest that studied samples are derived from a pre-Gondwana passive margin formed in a back-arc basin opened in the continental crust just before the Ross orogeny at ≈514-505Ma.This multi-scale approach thus permits precise the geodynamic evolution of the region located east of the MSZ and provide new elements for Australia-Antarctica connection. Moreover, this thesis highlights the importance of tectonic inheritance in the development of shear zones (with the presence of archean inherited structures in the case of the MSZ), as well as localization processes in cratonic lithospheres from at least the Paleoproterozoic times
Estrada, Mejía Nicolás. "Étude numérique du cisaillement des géomatériaux granulaires cohésifs : relation micro-macro, microstructure, et application à la modélisation de glissements de terrain." Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20170.
Full textThe present PhD thesis is devoted to the numerical simulation and analysis of shear on cohesive granular materials. In the framework of the Contact Dynamics method, we developed a model of cohesive bonding, which mimics cohesion by cementation. This model involves three contact strength parameters (a tensile strength, a coefficient of sliding friction, and a coefficient of rolling friction) as well as a local criterion, which controls the creation and the breaking of cohesive bonds. All contacts are cohesive at the beginning of the numerical simulations, and contact rupture leads to an irreversible loss of tensile strength (debonding). We varied systematically the three contact strength parameters and studied their influence on the shear strength, the dilatancy, and the microstructure of the granular media. Our results show that internal friction and macroscopic tensile strength have different origins at the contact scale. We also find that the microstructure of the granular media, when sheared at the steady state (also known as the ‘critical state”), is strongly affected by the local coefficients of sliding and rolling friction. In particular, the mechanical role of the weak network changes with these two contact parameters, which results from the formation of a new structure of force transmission. On the other hand, we also applied the same numerical simulation method to the simulation of landslides. We developed a methodology, which takes into account the initial morphology of the hillslope, the strength of geomaterials, and a triggering factor, integrating in the same model the initiation and propagation phases of the landslide. To illustrate this methodology, we applied it to the simulation of a hypothetical example of avalanche triggered by the progressive rise of a water table
Tzortzopoulos, Georgios. "Controlling earthQuakes (CoQuake) in the laboratory using pertinent fault stimulating techniques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03670423.
Full textAnthropogenic seismicity has been increased since the last decades due to the intense human activity for energy production. However, despite the fact that merely injection of fluids can induce/trigger earthquakes, in this thesis, we show that the strategic interplay between fluid extractions and injections can control such seismic events and eventually prevent them. More specifically, a novel mathematical framework of robust earthquake control is built which in turn is exploited in numerical simulations of strike-slip faults and gas reservoirs, as well as in new laboratory experiments of decimetric scale. First, the key parameters which constitute a conventional earthquake mitigation strategy are identified. Surrogate experiments on absorbent porous paper show that without the precise knowledge of the fault properties, fluid injections risk to nucleate faster a large seismic event. In order to tackle such uncertainties, rigorous mathematical tools are developed using modern control theory. These tools require minimal information of fault’s properties and frictional characteristics to assure robustness. Numerical simulations on strike-slip faults verify that earthquake prevention is possible, even in the presence of diffusion processes and the absence of sufficient measurements both in time and space. Going a step further, the developed control techniques can also be applied in large gas reservoirs, where the desired gas production can be achieved assuring acceptable seismicity levels. Finally, during this thesis, a novel triplet apparatus of decimetric scale has been designed, constructed and calibrated accordingly. Pressure control can be achieved, in this machine, in real-time, through a fast response electro-pneumatic pressure regulator. As a proof of concept, the developed controller is plugged in this apparatus and by using sand-based 3D-printed specimens (to promote experimental repeatability), we manage, for the first time, to prevent laboratory earthquakes and drive the system aseismically to an equilibrium point of lower energy
Duprat-Oualid, Sylvia. "Évolution thermique et mécanique des zones de cisaillement : approche analytique, numérique et confrontation aux données de terrain." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S128/document.
Full textShear zones are common structural features in the lithosphere and occur at various scales (from microscopic to lithospheric). At the lithospheric scale, they concentrate most of the relative movements between tectonic plates, and therefore, accommodate a high amount of strain. Consequently, the understanding of both their spatial and temporal mechanical behaviour is crucial for the general knowledge of the lithosphe dynamics. Rheology of rocks, which define their mechanical behaviour, is controlled by physical laws that predict how they deform under some stresses. Temperature plays a major role in the creep-dislocation behaviour, which characterizes the ductile domain (in depth), decreasing efficiently the rock strength. Furthermore, each rock has intrinsic mechanical properties, which depend on its mineralogical composition, texture and internal structures. However, due to the lack of data directly measurable deeper than a few kilometres, the lithosphere rheology, and in particular the continental lithosphere remains subject to drastically different interpretations. The mechanical behaviour of major shear zones is not fully understood, as they are the location of intense changes of both the rock internal nature and major thermal perturbations. Especially, the mechanical energy, converted into heat (shear heating) causes a close interaction between thermal ad mechanical evolutions. This thesis aims to better understand the rheological state of lithospheric scale shear zones. For this purpose, we used an original approach, based on the temperature field evolution around and within such shear zones. From 2D numerical thermo-kinematic models and analytical developments, the first order variability of thermal evolution and perturbation is anal- ysed and quantified with respect to the impact of three major thermal processes, defined as diffusion, advection and shear heating. Results are compared to metamorphic thermal signatures associated to intra-continental thrust zones for which the influence of both accretion and erosion was also investigated. The case of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in the Himalayas, whose the inverse metamorphic thermal zonation has been extensively studied, was chosen as the main natural analogue. Our quantitative results highlight the crucial role of shear heating, and more particularly of mechanical strength variability within shear zones. We thus emphasise on the importance of rock creep parameters. The study of centimetre-scale shear zones, which developed within the granodiorite of the Zillertal nappe (Tauern window, Tyrol, Alps) thanks to little local variations of the mineralogical composition, reveals the extreme sensitivity of igneous rocks rheology, representative of the continental crust. The consequences of such an intense variability, revealed at small scale are finally discussed with regard to rheologies usually considered in models that focus on processes controlling lithosphere dynamics
Cabanes, Nelly. "Contribution à l'étude de zones de cisaillement dans le manteau supérieur : analyse texturale, pétrologique et géochimique de deux gisements de péridotites en enclaves dans les basaltes alcalins, Montferrier (Hérault, France) et San Quintin (Baja California, Mexique)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20016.
Full textLaurent, Valentin. "Localisation de la déformation au sein de zones de cisaillement haute-pression basse-température et enregistrement isotopique ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2030/document.
Full textExhumation mechanisms of high-pressure low-temperature (HP-LT) metamorphic rocks in subduction zones are complex and actively discussed. The study of fossilized subduction zones allows a better comprehension of these mechanisms, showing that exhumation of HP-LT rocks is mainly accommodated along crustal-scale ductile shear zones. This study aims at constraining the geometry, the kinematic and the timing of the tectonometamorphic history of the HP-LT Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) cropping out in Greece. A main objective is to constrain the timing of strain localization at different scales during exhumation to better understand the mechanical behaviour of subduction zones. Three principal methods of investigation have been used, including i) a structural fieldwork that allows to characterize the geometry, the kinematic and the distribution of deformations, highlighting progressive strain localization during exhumation toward the base of the CBU and along shear zones, ii) a metamorphic petrology study aiming at determining the P-T evolution of the CBU, and iii) ⁴⁰AR/³⁹AR dating used to constrain the timing of the tectonometamorphic evolution of the CBU and the timing of strain localization within kilometre- to millimetre-scale shear zones showing different degrees of retrogression. We observe an obvious correlation between the intensity of finite deformation, the degree of retrogression and youngest mica ages. A major result of this thesis work is that the preservation of eclogite and blueschist-facies rocks does not necessarily imply fast exhumation rates. Our results instead suggest that the exhumation history of the CBU is relatively long, spanning over ca. 30 Ma. Consequently, it appears that the exhumation rate is not the main parameter controlling the degree of retrogression of HP-LT metamorphic rocks in the CBU compared to progressive strain localization during exhumation along a cold retrograde P-T evolution within the subduction channel