Academic literature on the topic 'Citation manipulation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Citation manipulation"

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Avros, Renata, Saar Keshet, Dvora Toledano Kitai, Evgeny Vexler, and Zeev Volkovich. "Detecting Pseudo-Manipulated Citations in Scientific Literature through Perturbations of the Citation Graph." Mathematics 11, no. 18 (2023): 3820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11183820.

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Ensuring the integrity of scientific literature is essential for advancing knowledge and research. However, the credibility and trustworthiness of scholarly publications are compromised by manipulated citations. Traditional methods, such as manual inspection and basic statistical analyses, have limitations in detecting intricate patterns and subtle manipulations of citations. In recent years, network-based approaches have emerged as promising techniques for identifying and understanding citation manipulation. This study introduces a novel method to identify potential citation manipulation in academic papers using perturbations of a deep embedding model. The key idea is to reconstruct meaningful connections represented by citations within a network by exploring, to some extent, longer alternative paths. These indirect pathways enable the recovery of reliable citations while estimating their trustworthiness. The investigation takes a comprehensive approach to link prediction, leveraging the consistent behavior of prominent connections when exposed to network perturbations. Through numerical experiments, the method demonstrates a high capability to identify reliable citations as the core of the analyzed data and to raise suspicions about unreliable references that may have been manipulated. This research presents a refined method for tackling the urgent problem of citation manipulation in academic papers. It harnesses statistical sampling and graph-embedding techniques to evaluate the credibility of scholarly publications with a substantial assessment of the whole citation graph.
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Mehregan, Mina. "Scientific journals must be alert to potential manipulation in citations and referencing." Research Ethics 18, no. 2 (2022): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470161211068745.

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Citation is an essential practice in scientific publishing. However, it is mandatory that citing the sources in a scientific work is performed in a proper manner. Manipulating citations in research articles is one form of academic research misconduct that violates publication ethics. Citation manipulation simply occurs for the purpose of increasing the number of citations of a researcher or a journal. Unfortunately, there has been a growing trend for this type of misconduct recently and this has not received much attention from the science community. The most effective solution to prevent the growth of such unethical practices is for reputable journals to impose stricter rules on reference evaluation criteria in order to emphasize on the appropriateness of the citations.
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Das, KusalK. "Citation impact: Manipulation and monopoly." BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/bjhs.bjhs_34_17.

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Avros, Renata, Mor Ben Haim, Almog Madar, Elena Ravve, and Zeev Volkovich. "Spotting Suspicious Academic Citations Using Self-Learning Graph Transformers." Mathematics 12, no. 6 (2024): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12060814.

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The study introduces a novel approach to identify potential citation manipulation within academic papers. This method utilizes perturbations of a deep embedding model, integrating Graph-Masked Autoencoders to merge textual information with evidence of graph connectivity. Consequently, it yields a more intricate model of citation distribution. By training a deep network with partial data and reconstructing masked connections, the approach capitalizes on the inherent characteristics of central connections amidst network perturbations. It demonstrates its ability to pinpoint trustworthy citations within the analyzed dataset through comprehensive quantitative evaluations. Additionally, it raises concerns regarding the reliability of specific references, which may be subject to manipulation.
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Ale, Ebrahim Nader. "Citation Frequency and Ethical Issue." Electronic Physician 6, no. 2 (2014): 814–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.9847.

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Dear Editor: I read your publication ethics issue on “bogus impact factors” with great interest (1). I would like to initiate a new trend in manipulating the citation counts. There are several ethical approaches to increase the number of citations for a published paper (2). However, it is apparent that some manipulation of the number of citations is occurring (3, 4). Self - citations, “those in which the authors cite their own works” account for a significant portion of all citations (5). With the advent of information technology, it is easy to identify unusual trends for citations in a paper or a journal. A web application to calculate the single publication h - index based on (6) is available online (7, 8). A tool developed by Francisco Couto (9) can measure authors’ citation impact by excluding the self - citations. Self - citation is ethical when it is a necessity. Nevertheless, there is a threshold for self - citations. Thomson Reuters’ resource, known as the Web of Science (WoS) and currently lists journal impact factors, considers self - citation to be acceptable up to a rate of 20%; anything over that is considered suspect (10). In some journals, even 5% is considered to be a high rate of self - citations. The ‘Journal Citation Report’ is a reliable source for checking the acceptable level of self - citation in any field of study. The Public Policy Group of the London School of Economics (LSE) published a handbook for “Maximizing the Impacts of Your Research” and described self - citation rates across different groups of disciplines, indicating that they vary up to 40% (11). Unfortunately, there is no significant penalty for the most frequent self - citers, and the effect of self - citation remains positive even for very high rates of self - citation (5). However, WoS has dropped some journals from its database because of untrue trends in the citations (4). The same policy also should be applied for the most frequent self - citers. The ethics of publications should be adhered to by those who wish to conduct research and publish their findings.
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Kaliyadan, Feroze, and Karalikkattil T. Ashique. "Citation indices." Journal of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases 2 (April 17, 2020): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jsstd_7_2020.

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Impact of research is generally measured through citation counts. For author impact, the most common impact indices considered are the h-index, i10-index, and the g-index, of which the h-index is the most commonly used. There are various resources available for retrieving researcher h-indices. The most common databases used for the same are Scopus, Google Scholar, and “Web of Science.” Ethical issues related to the use of these resources for h-index calculation include – gaming/manipulation and fake citations. An issue which we have noticed cropping up of late, is researchers claiming erroneous h-indices.
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Fong, Eric A., and Allen W. Wilhite. "Authorship and citation manipulation in academic research." PLOS ONE 12, no. 12 (2017): e0187394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187394.

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OYAMA, Munetaka. "An Example of Citation Manipulation by Peer Reviewers." Review of Polarography 67, no. 2 (2021): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5189/revpolarography.67.79.

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Bartneck, Christoph, and Servaas Kokkelmans. "Detecting h-index manipulation through self-citation analysis." Scientometrics 87, no. 1 (2010): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-010-0306-5.

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Catanzaro, Michele. "Citation manipulation found to be rife in math." Science 383, no. 6682 (2024): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ado3859.

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Book chapters on the topic "Citation manipulation"

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Chakraborty, Joyita, Dinesh K. Pradhan, and Subrata Nandi. "Research Misconduct and Citation Gaming: A Critical Review on Characterization and Recent Trends of Research Manipulation." In Data Management, Analytics and Innovation. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2937-2_30.

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Nikitina, Jekaterina. "Chapter 4. Press releases of COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers." In Argumentation in Context. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aic.22.04nik.

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Press releases dedicated to the creation of a new vaccine draw on a complex weave of information and promotion, including at times also elements of manipulation. This discourse-analytical study explores the recurrent motifs and arguments in a corpus of English-language press releases of three leading vaccine-manufacturers – AstraZeneca, Moderna and Gamaleya-RDIF in the period directly preceding the launch of active vaccination campaigns. The study applies the framework of (critical) discourse analysis with insights from argumentation theory and rhetoric. Two moves of the press release are compared: boilerplate descriptions, performing a mixed informative-promotional function, and citations, to which an explicitly promotional role is attributed. The findings identify a number of common leitmotifs with a partial overlap between boilerplates and citations, especially concerning the safety issue. The latter is explicitly mentioned only in citations, i.e. with reduced accountability for the company. Boilerplates explore enthymemes for persuasive and argumentative purposes to convince the audience of the vaccine validity. Moderna and AstraZeneca use convergent techniques of persuasive argumentation, whereas RDIF at times glides towards argumentative fallacies and manipulative strategies.
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Vagle, Ben A., and Stephen G. Brooks. "The Potemkin Superpower." In Command of Commerce. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197802335.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter shows that China’s economic progress has been overstated and that the economic gap between China and the US is now, and will remain, a very wide one. China’s progress has been exaggerated because analysts have not systematically grappled with three analytical challenges. The first is the “globalization measurement issue”—namely, that standard measures of economic and technological capacity present a misleading portrait in a world of geographically dispersed production. The second is the “unique China issue”—namely, that it is hard to compare China to the rest of the world because of its unique economy. The third is the “data manipulation issue”—namely, that many key indicators from China have been distorted by Beijing. This chapter unravels these obstacles to demonstrate that China’s economic might has been overstated in three areas: (1) gross domestic product (GDP), (2) manufacturing output and high-technology exports, and (3) patents and citations.
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Masic Izet, Begic Edin, and Begic Nedim. "Validity of Scientometric Analysis of Medical Research Output." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-781-8-246.

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The aim of this paper is to point out the errors in scientometric analysis of an author's work, as well as the inconsistency of Google Scholars when performing such analyzes. Development of information technology has led to the development of the scientometric analyzes, which already have great significance for many decisions in the academic medical community, and represents a cross section of work of an author. Scientometric indices in the medical community become a tool in selecting the management of institutions, as well as membership in many academies. This paper should be a basis, as well as guidance in the development of a better and more accurate algorithm for more accurate analysis of the work of authors, and should also point the importance of accurate citations during writing scientific papers. The lack of selectivity of Google Scholar, and the possible individual manipulation of content, implies the need for further development of these platforms, so that the scientometric analysis can become a valid tool in the academic community.
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Appelbaum, Edward R., and Allan R. Shatzman. "Prokaryotic in vivo expression systems." In Protein Expression. Oxford University PressOxford, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636242.003.0006.

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Abstract Bacterial expression systems are commonly used for production of heterologous gene products of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic origin. This chapter will discuss strategies and provide protocols for the expression of heterologous proteins in Escherichia coli, which is the bacterial system that is most widely and routinely used for this purpose. While many specialized vectors are available for gene expression in other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, such systems are usually employed for the genetic analysis and manipulation of specific organisms, rather than for high level expression of proteins to be purified and used for research. The emphasis of this chapter is on protocols that are suitable for producing proteins in the laboratory for research purposes. There are additional considerations in the selection of systems for large scale production (i.e. hundreds of litres or more of culture) and for production of proteins for clinical investigation or commercial use. In this chapter we briefly review some of the major factors to consider in selecting an E. coli expression strategy and provide protocols that have been successful in our laboratories in a variety of expression applications. Additional details and extensive literature citations are available in several recent reviews (1-6).
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Dongardive, Prakash. "Online Journals." In Advances in Library and Information Science. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4070-2.ch007.

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Electronic information is gaining more importance in academic activities with the extreme change in the pattern of dissemination of knowledge. Web technology provides dynamism to the electronic documents that were not possible in essentially sequential style of presentation of printed documents. Interactive hyperlinks to related resources, links to full range of multimedia, links to traditional indexing and abstracting services, etc. are some of the novelties that are common place in a Web document and that were not possible in a traditional printed document. Web publishers or e-journal publishers claim heavy investments. Publishers create not only bit-map page image but also HTML and PDF formats to provide added advantages for their electronic journals. Electronic journals can provide linking citations and references to bibliographic databases or to full-text articles (where possible), links to graphics/photographs, video or audio clippings not included in the paper, links to corrections or to articles cited in the paper, access to more detailed data or to multimedia information provided by the author, links to external databases, links to reader comments or discussion forums related to the paper, “dual publishing” in more than one electronic journal (e.g. a chemistry article of interest to biologists could appear both in a chemistry and a biology journal), a “living article” where the user could log in at any time and see an experiment on an ongoing basis showing data collected that day, embedded software programs allowing users to mirror the authors’ work by manipulating data or running simulations based on their own input.
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Gross, Alan G. "Steven Weinberg: The Conjectural Sublime." In The Scientific Sublime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190637774.003.0007.

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Steven Weinberg had been working for some time on the problem of the strong force that holds together the components of an atom’s nucleus. He was getting nowhere. “Suddenly,” while driving home in his red Camaro, insight arrived. He did not have the wrong answer to the problem of the strong force but the right answer to a different, equally interesting problem: …And I realized the massless particle in this theory that had given me so much trouble had nothing to do with the heavy particles that feel the strong interaction; it was the photon, the particle of which light was composed, that is responsible for electric and magnetic forces and that indeed has zero mass. I realized that what I had cooked up was an approach not just to understanding the weak interaction but to unifying the theories of the weak and electromagnetic forces into what has since come to be called the electroweak theory… “A Model of Leptons” is a paper of which he is justly proud. It has garnered 4,503 citations; a copy has been offered for sale at $950. This is the physicist at his mathematical best, a language he speaks as if it were his native tongue. Another incident confirms Weinberg’s extraordinary talent. Physicist Rich Muller has a bright idea. After several tries, however, the mathematics continues to defeat him. Despondent, he walks down the hall to an office where Steven Weinberg is chatting with Freeman Dyson. The two agree to help: …Weinberg went to the blackboard, wrote down the first equation. “And then he did some manipulations on it,” said Muller, “and stood back.” Dyson said, “I think if you make a substitution of variables now— .” Weinberg said, “Oh, yes, of course,” and wrote several more lines. “I was taking notes,” Muller said, “but I wasn’t sure what he was doing.” Weinberg paused in his writing, and Dyson said, “Now evaluate the delta function,” and Weinberg said, “Oh, okay.” Weinberg wrote down a few more lines, and Dyson said, “Good. You’ve proven it.”
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Conference papers on the topic "Citation manipulation"

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Mazov, Nikolay, and Vadim Gureyev. "Journals’ hidden self-citation as the problem of publication ethics." In The Book. Culture. Education. Innovations. Russian National Public Library for Science and Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/978-5-85638-223-4-2020-140-149.

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Twenty two science Russian periodicals in informatics and library studies are selected for the bibliometrical analysis of key journal indicators, including publication activity of the same journals’ editorial staff. For the first time for domestic journals, the study reveals hidden self-citation when editorial members include links to their journal from other publications. The available instruments of scientometrical databases, including Web of Science and Scopus, and the national system Russian Science Citation Index do not enable to identify this form of self-citation. The mentioned manipulations are aimed at boosting journal rating. In several cases, intensive and unjustified citation by journals’ editorial staff in other periodicals which we consider the violation of publication ethical principles, is revealed.
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Yu, Zhitao. "Mapping the Evolution of Tangible User Interface: A Bibliometric Analysis and Future Trends." In 2024 AHFE International Conference on Human Factors in Design, Engineering, and Computing (AHFE 2024 Hawaii Edition). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005667.

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In today's digital era, user-computer interface experiences are increasingly intuitive and immersive. Tangible User Interface (TUI) enables users to interact with digital content through physical manipulation. This design paradigm, emphasizing interaction with physical objects, garners significant attention from academia and industry. Literature review helps to strengthen the knowledge framework of research topics by reviewing relevant literature, and it aids in summarizing the current research status. Although this field has achieved certain research results and practical applications after years of development, the extensive and interdisciplinary nature of the literature makes it difficult to systematically analyze the research hotspots and trends through traditional literature review methods alone. Therefore, this study utilizes relevant literature collected from the Web of Science database as the data source. Through bibliometric analysis, it systematically reviews and visually analyzes the field of TUI to identify the progress and future trends over the past two decades.Method: This paper employs bibliometrics, content analysis, and information visualization. Bibliometrics, first proposed by Pritchard in 1969, quantitatively analyzes diverse literature data to uncover patterns and insights. To obtain more rigorous and comprehensive data indicators, this study integrates the use of CiteSpace and VOSviewer. CiteSpace and VOSviewer are bibliometric analysis tools that run on JAVA programs and can effectively establish mapping relationships between literature knowledge units. Visual analysis and research lineage sorting are conducted across the distribution of literature outputs by year, country, research organization, keyword clustering, and co-citation of literature entries in this study. This study selects the Web of Science core database for retrieval. The search strategy is set as TS=((tangible user interface design OR TUI design OR physical user interface design)). The five major citation indexes in the WOS database, including SSCI, SCI-Expanded, A&HCI, CPCI-S, and CPCI-SSH, are selected as retrieval sources. To avoid the loss of interdisciplinary literature, no reduction is made to the literature sources. The retrieved literature is exported to a txt file in the format of "full records and cited references". Irrelevant articles, such as those deviating from the research topic or containing duplicate data, are removed. In the end, a total of 3994 articles were obtained (from 2004 to 2023).Conclusion: The output of literature related to TUI peaked in 2019 and has since exhibited a declining trend. Few institutions are highly productive in this field, with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Washington, Tsinghua University, University of Tokyo being core institutions in academia. Through keyword clustering analysis, TUI research content can be classified into four categories: #1 Physical Interaction Technology, #2 Sensory Simulation, #3 Intelligent IoT, #4 User Behavior Study. Analysis of the evolution of TUI hotspots reveals that the current focus of most scholars is on enhancing TUI's application in virtual reality and augmented reality environments, as well as innovative applications in education and entertainment. Future research may concentrate on the integration of TUI with artificial intelligence technology, human-centered computing, and human-robot interaction.
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Ashley, Michiel, Davis McMullan, and Swaminathan Gopalswamy. "PHYSICALLY COOPERATING AUTONOMOUS GROUND VEHICLES." In 2024 NDIA Michigan Chapter Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium. National Defense Industrial Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-4059.

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<title>ABSTRACT</title> <p>Off-road mobility for an individual autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) can be severely limited by extreme environments (such as muddy patches or steep cliffs in off-road terrain). However, when operating as a group, cooperation between the AGVs can be leveraged to overcome such limitations. Traditionally cooperation has been achieved through information sharing, enabling the AGVs to “avoid” the extreme environments. In this paper we propose to achieve such cooperation through physical energy sharing, where the AGVs can “recover” from these environment scenarios. Specifically, we propose the use of a robotic manipulator (RM) that connects a disabled or degraded AGV with an operational AGV. A fleet level controller is proposed. The AGVs and the RM are modeled in Modelica, and integrated with the controller to perform simulations. We demonstrate collaborative movement in two scenarios, namely crossing a muddy patch and climbing a steep cliff. In each scenario the individual vehicle fails to complete the mission when degraded, however the cooperative fleet succeeds, while also enabling the degraded AGV to regain operational status.</p> <p><bold>Citation:</bold> M. Ashley, D. McMullan, S. Gopalswamy, “Physically Cooperating Autonomous Ground Vehicles,” In <italic>Proceedings of the Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium</italic> (GVSETS), NDIA, Novi, MI, Aug. 15-17, 2023.</p>
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Reports on the topic "Citation manipulation"

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Handling citation manipulation. Committee on Publication Ethics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24318/raekbdok.

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COPE Discussion Document: Citation Manipulation. Committee on Publication Ethics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.3.1.

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