Academic literature on the topic 'Citations de Brevet'
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Journal articles on the topic "Citations de Brevet"
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Ahmad, Shakil, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Abid Iqbal, Rai Khalid Farooq, Arslan Shahid, and Muhammad Ikram Ullah. "Breast Cancer Research in Pakistan: A Bibliometric Analysis." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211046934.
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This study aimed to capture a clear picture of breast cancer research in Pakistan. It used bibliometric methods to investigate the status of breast cancer research in Pakistan. The data for this study were retrieved from the Web of Science database on 11-02-2021. Bibliometric parameters (publication and citation count, average citations per publication, h-index, impact factor, and journal quartile) for the purpose of evaluating authors/journals/organizations/countries were examined. It was found that till the filing of this bibliometric report, 1,605 research publications on breast cancer have been published by 7,774 authors, with averages of 0.206 documents per author, 4.84 authors per document, and 18.25 citations per documents. More than 72% of these publications were published between 2015 and 2020. Several local and international institutions were involved in funding these research publications. Furthermore, these publications have been cited 29,297 times, with an average of 18.25 citations per publication. On average, five authors have prepared a research study. International collaborations have been made with 88 countries around the world for this research. These results are encouraging but not in line with the rapid growth of breast cancer cases in Pakistan. There is a need for further attention and revisiting of the policy at the national level.
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Baxi, Shrujal S., Rubaya Yeahia, and Deborah Korenstein. "The evidence base in support of breast cancer surveillance guidelines: Flying without a net?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.25.
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25 Background: There are a growing number of breast cancer survivors, and they are often followed by primary care providers (PCP). With limited specialized cancer knowledge, PCPs may rely on guidelines (GL), but surveillance recommendations vary based on source. The data informing post-treatment surveillance is limited. We reviewed the evidence in support of varying breast cancer surveillance recommendations found in national GLs. Methods: We included breast cancer GLs containing surveillance recommendations from professional societies and government organizations in North America, the UK, and Europe (2010-5). We used online search engines and organization websites to identify GLs. Surveillance testing recommendations were recorded; relevant citations for each recommendation were identified and classified by evidence type. Results: We identified 6 breast cancer GLs from US, UK, and Europe; all recommended mammography. Other recommendations varied, with contradictory recommendations regarding MRI and US. Overall, 13 systematic reviews (SR) were cited; 9 related to mammography. One SR of MRI and one of mammography were cited by 2 GLs; remaining SRs were each cited by 1 GL. Other references included 34 primary studies, 9 narrative reviews and 11 older GLs. Among 23 surveillance testing recommendations from the 6 GLs, the highest level of supporting evidence was a SR in 44% and a primary study in 22%; the remainder cited no direct evidence. At times, the same citation supported contradictory recommendations in different guidelines. Conclusions: Evidence for surveillance recommendations is often low-level and cited references vary across GLs; the same evidence is used to support contradictory recommendations. Better evidence and its more consistent application would facilitate high quality breast cancer survivorship care.
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Connor, Steven, and Claudette Sartiliot. "Citation and Modernity: Derrida, Joyce, and Brecht." Modern Language Review 91, no. 1 (January 1996): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3734030.
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Monteiro, Bruno Miguel Azevedo, and Rubén Tortosa Cuesta. "Design for digital repositories: Conceptualizing new communicative paradigms to filter and visualize scientific contents." AUSART 4, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ausart.16714.
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This article aims to conceptualize a new communicative paradigm applied to academic scientific repositories. The publication and the querying of articles, papers, journals, books and other documents, are an integral part of the research process. However, the querying and information visualization process in a scientific academic repository, often proves to be inefficient, because the wide range of results hardly fits in the user’s specific subject. In this sense, it is presented a brief analysis around major reference projects, which although based in the metric of article citations (impact factor), the primary goal lies in the visualization of an extensive citation structure and the relations established between the different scientific fields. Based on the modus operandi of these visualization interfaces, the main objective of this paper is to propose a new approach, where the filtering and the visualization of information is based in the user’s experience instead of the usual citation "object" centered approach.Keywords: COMMUNICATION DESIGN; FOLKSONOMIES; HIERARCHICAL AND RELATIONAL STRUCTURES; INFORMATION FLOOD; INFORMATION VISUALIZATION Design for digital repositories: Conceptualizing new communicative paradigms to filter and visualize scientific contentsResumenEste artículo propone un nuevo paradigma comunicativo aplicado a repositorios científicos académicos. La publicación de artículos y consulta como revistas, libros y otros documentos, son una parte integral del proceso de investigación. La búsqueda de la información en repositorios académicos, a menudo resulta ser ineficiente debido a la amplia gama de resultados obtenidos. En este sentido, se realiza un estudio breve en torno a los principales proyectos de referencia, que a pesar de estar basados en un análisis de citas de artículos fijados en el factor de impacto, presentan como característica principal la visualización de patrones entorno a una amplia estructura de citaciones y relaciones entre las distintas áreas. A partir del modus operandi de estas interfaces de visualización, el artículo plantea una nueva orientación fundada en la experiencia del usuario en lugar del habitual enfoque centrado en "objeto" de la citación.Palabras-clave: DILUVIO DE INFORMACIÓN; DISEÑO DE COMUNICACIÓN; ESTRUCTURAS JERÁRQUICAS E RELACIONALES; TAXONOMÍAS SOCIALES; VISUALIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN
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Scope, Alison, Munira Essat, Abdullah Pandor, Rachid Rafia, Sue E. Ward, Lynda Wyld, Simon Cross, and Helen Buckley Woods. "GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING AND EXPANDED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY TESTS TO GUIDE SELECTION OF CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMENS IN BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, no. 1 (2017): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317000034.
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Objectives:The aim of this report was to assess the clinical effectiveness of two Gene expression profiling (GEP) and two expanded immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests compared with current prognostic tools in guiding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer.Methods:A systematic review of the evidence on clinical effectiveness of OncotypeDX, IHC4, MammaPrint, and Mammostrat, compared with current clinical practice using clinicopathological parameters, in women with early breast cancer was conducted. Ten databases were searched to include citations to May 2016.Results:Searches identified 7,064 citations, of which forty-one citations satisfied the criteria for the review. A narrative synthesis was performed. Evidence for OncotypeDX demonstrated the impact of the test on decision making and there was some support for OncotypeDX predicting chemotherapy benefit. There were relatively lower levels of evidence for the other three tests included in the analysis. MammaPrint, Mammostrat, and IHC4 tests were limited to a small number of studies. Limitations in relation to study design were identified for all tests.Conclusions:The evidence base for OncotypeDX is considered to be the most robust. Methodological weaknesses relating to heterogeneity of patient cohorts and issues arising from the retrospective nature of the evidence were identified. Further evidence is required for all of the tests using prospective randomized controlled trial data.
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Hix, Harvey L. "Book Review: Citation and Modernity: Derrida, Joyce, and Brecht." Philosophy and Literature 19, no. 2 (1995): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phl.1995.0086.
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La France, Albert. "Les femmes musiciennes sous les Bourbon d’après les documents inédits de Marie Bobillier." Canadian University Music Review 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014416ar.
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À sa mort en 1918, Marie Bobillier (pseud. Michel Brenet) a laissé au Département des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale à Paris un nombre impressionnant de notes, de citations et de relevés qu’elle avait accumulés au cours de sa carrière et qui, pour la plupart, demeurent inédits. Dans un dépouillement de ces volumes, l’auteur a extrait les citations, les rapports et les commentaires des auteurs des trois derniers siècles, tous sous le thème « femmes musiciennes ». Il en résulte un éventail assez étonnant des activités musicales des femmes de l’ancien régime sous les rois Bourbon, une espèce de sondage du passé à partir duquel tirer quelques conclusions plus éclairées. Malheureusement, le travail n’a servi qu’à confirmer ce que d’autres ont déjà conclu, à savoir que les femmes des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles n’avaient qu’un rôle secondaire en musique, tout comme dans les autres aspects de la société, soit artistique, politique ou social. Il faudra attendre le XXe siècle pour que les femmes puissent commencer à prendre leur juste place dans les rangs de la profession musicale.
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Frolkis, Alexandra, Allison Michaud, Khue-Tu Nguyen, Moss Bruton Joe, Kirstie Lithgow, and Shannon M. Ruzycki. "Experiences of breast feeding at work for physicians, residents and medical students: a scoping review." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e039418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039418.
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ObjectiveTo review and summarise the available literature regarding breastfeeding experiences of medical students, residents and physicians.Eligibility criteriaArticles of any design, including non-peer reviewed data that examine the experiences of breast feeding of medical students, residents and staff physicians.Information sourcesOvid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science.Risk of biasAll peer-reviewed studies underwent risk-of-bias assessment using relevant tools, depending on the study design.Included studiesWe included 71 citations; 51 surveys, 3 narrative descriptions, 9 editorials or letters to the editor, and 3 reviews.Synthesis of resultsIncluded articles were heterogeneous with respect to their study design, target population and outcomes reported. Most articles had a high risk of bias. Only five articles reported the impact of an intervention.Description of effectDespite heterogeneity, the majority of articles described important barriers to breast feeding for physicians, residents and medical students. These barriers were similar across studies, and included inadequate and inaccessible space, time constraints and inflexible scheduling, and lack of colleague support. The consequences of these barriers included low milk supply and early discontinuation of breast feeding.Strengths and limitations of evidenceDue to the observed heterogeneity of articles identified in this review, we are unable to assess trends in barriers or duration of breastfeeding over time.InterpretationInterventions to overcome systemic and cultural barriers to breast feeding are needed to meet legal obligations of workplaces for physicians and trainees. These interventions should be formally evaluated using implementation science or quality improvement methods.
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Li, Jiao, Si Zheng, Hongyu Kang, Zhen Hou, and Qing Qian. "Identifying Scientific Project-generated Data Citation from Full-text Articles: An Investigation of TCGA Data Citation." Journal of Data and Information Science 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20309/jdis.201612.
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AbstractPurposeIn the open science era, it is typical to share project-generated scientific data by depositing it in an open and accessible database. Moreover, scientific publications are preserved in a digital library archive. It is challenging to identify the data usage that is mentioned in literature and associate it with its source. Here, we investigated the data usage of a government-funded cancer genomics project, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), via a full-text literature analysis.Design/methodology/approachWe focused on identifying articles using the TCGA dataset and constructing linkages between the articles and the specific TCGA dataset. First, we collected 5,372 TCGA-related articles from PubMed Central (PMC). Second, we constructed a benchmark set with 25 full-text articles that truly used the TCGA data in their studies, and we summarized the key features of the benchmark set. Third, the key features were applied to the remaining PMC full-text articles that were collected from PMC.FindingsThe amount of publications that use TCGA data has increased significantly since 2011, although the TCGA project was launched in 2005. Additionally, we found that the critical areas of focus in the studies that use the TCGA data were glioblastoma multiforme, lung cancer, and breast cancer; meanwhile, data from the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) platform is the most preferable for use.Research limitationsThe current workflow to identify articles that truly used TCGA data is labor-intensive. An automatic method is expected to improve the performance.Practical implicationsThis study will help cancer genomics researchers determine the latest advancements in cancer molecular therapy, and it will promote data sharing and data-intensive scientific discovery.Originality/valueFew studies have been conducted to investigate data usage by government-funded projects/programs since their launch. In this preliminary study, we extracted articles that use TCGA data from PMC, and we created a link between the full-text articles and the source data.
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Rabaté, Jean-Michel. "Citation and Modernity: Derrida, Joyce and Brecht (review)." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 40, no. 2 (1994): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.0226.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Citations de Brevet"
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Pillu, Hugo. "Knowledge flows through patent citation data." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458678.
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Dans cette thèse, nous analysons les différents aspects des externalités de connaissance et la façon dont les citations de brevet peuvent être utilisées comme un indicateur de ces flux. La première partie de cette thèse examine la littérature traditionnelle sur les externalités de connaissance, et cela d'un point de vue à la fois qualitatif et quantitatif (la forme quantitative est réalisée grâce à une méta-analyse). Nous insistons sur les conséquences résultant de l'utilisation de différents canaux de mesure de ces externalités, précisément nous nous attardons sur les hypothèses sous-jacentes et sur leurs implications en termes d'estimations empiriques. Ce point est important car ces canaux sont la principale source d'hétérogénéité des résultats empiriques. Dans la seconde partie, nous explorons des données de brevets et de citations de brevet encore peu étudiées (ces données sont extraites de la base de données Patstat pour les offices de brevets du G5, de l'OEB et de l'OMPI). Cette analyse est à nouveau réalisée à la fois en termes qualitatifs et quantitatifs. La troisième partie, dans un premier temps, examine de façon empirique les caractéristiques des flux de connaissance entre et au sein des inventeurs des pays du G5 et cela pour 13 secteurs industriels. Dans un deuxième temps, cette partie propose et valide la création d'un indicateur de stocks de connaissance qui prend en compte les externalités de connaissance internationales. Cet indicateur se révèle particulièrement utile puisque les indicateurs traditionnels ne sont pas toujours disponibles (comme les indicateurs basés sur les dépenses de R&D). Enfin, l'indicateur précédemment créé sera appliqué à une étude de cas consacrée à l'analyse des déterminants de l'innovation pour les technologies énergétiques efficientes.
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Ferreira, Camila Belo Tavares. "O vínculo entre documentos de patentes e a informação obtida emperiódicos científicos: estudo aplicado à área câncer de mama." Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro / Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia, 2012. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/778.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-29Estudo exploratório bibliométrico dedicado à identificação de periódicos científicos que expressam a base de pesquisa técnico-científica na produção de novas tecnologias apresentada em documentos de patentes sobre câncer de mama. Analisa as contribuições das publicações científicas para a produção tecnológica por meio das citações a artigos de periódico em documentos de patentes publicados via Tratado de Cooperação em Matéria de Patente (PCT) na área de câncer de mama de 2009 a 2010. Aplica a Lei de Bradford e a Lei de Elitismo nos periódicos citados nos relatórios descritivos dos pedidos de patentes e identifica a vida média da literatura periódica citada. No que tange ao consumo de informação, verificou-se que a produção de tecnologia é papirocêntrica. Demonstra que as tecnologias do setor neoplasias mamárias reivindicadas via PCT em 2009 e 2010 são fortemente baseadas em publicações científicas visto que, os relatórios descritivos dos pedidos apresentam 74% de citações à literatura não patentária, sendo 66% periódicas (3916 citações) e 8% (466) não periódicas. A alta incidência de citações à literatura científica nesses relatórios reflete a interação da pesquisa científica com o desenvolvimento de tecnologias na área de oncogenética e biotecnologia. Dentre os 581 periódicos citados, relaciona os 27 periódicos membros da elite e identifica que 11 periódicos são especializados em oncologia/neoplasias em geral e dois periódicos em neoplasias mamárias. Os pedidos de patente analisados são baseados na literatura científica periódica dos últimos sete anos. As referências mais antigas, 1957 nos pedidos de 2010 e 1961 nos pedidos de 2009, demonstram que os intervalos de tempo entre informação científica e tecnológica neste setor não são longos. Os resultados analisados em conjunto com a revisão de literatura indicam algumas semelhanças no padrão de citação a periódicos, especialmente, na representação temática da biotecnologia e oncogenética. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam a importância do uso e acesso aos periódicos compreendidos na elite da amostra tanto para pesquisa científica quanto ao desenvolvimento tecnológico
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Duflos, Gautier. "Innovations et Stratégies d'Acquisitions dans l'Industrie Pharmaceutique : Analyses Empiriques." Phd thesis, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003185/en/.
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Le chapitre introductif présente les évolutions récentes de l'industrie pharmaceutique et les concepts de brevets pionniers et de dépôts de brevets stratégiques analysés dans les trois autres chapitres de la thèse. Le second chapitre analyse la performance à l'innovation des entreprises pharmaceutiques avant la vague de fusions acquisitions des années 90. Selon nos résultats, les dépôts de brevets pionniers ne sont pas persistants sur le court terme, contrairement aux autres dépôts de brevets. En outre, les grands laboratoires pharmaceutiques effectuent principalement des dépôts de brevets cumulatifs. Le troisième chapitre analyse les déterminants technologiques des acquisitions. Le choix des cibles apparaît étroitement lié à leurs performances en matière de dépôts de brevets pionniers. Le dernier chapitre montre que ces opérations ont permis aux acquéreurs d'accroître leurs performances à l'innovation dans le domaine des biotechnologies: les années suivant ces opérations, les acquéreurs accroissent plus rapidement que les non-acquéreurs la proportion de brevets biotechnologiques pionniers dans leur portefeuille de brevets.
Books on the topic "Citations de Brevet"
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Citation and modernity: Derrida, Joyce, and Brecht. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.
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Miller, Naomi. Treatment of early-stage breast cancer: January 1985 through May 1990 : 668 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section ; Washington, D.C. : Sold by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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Miller, Naomi. Treatment of early-stage breast cancer: January 1985 through May 1990 : 668 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section ; Washington, D.C. : Sold by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O., 1990.
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Kamp, Jacqueline Van de. Silicone implants: January 1989 through August 1994 : 1810 citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1994.
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Kenton, Charlotte. Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: January 1980 through August 1985, 403 citations in English. [Bethesda, Md.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 1985.
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Hunt, Jennie P. Breast cancer screening in women ages 40-49: January 1985 through November 1996 : 334 selected citations. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Reference Section, 1996.
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Citation and Modernity: Derrida, Joyce, and Brecht (Oklahoma Project for Discourse and Theory). University of Oklahoma Press, 1995.
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Law, Jonathan, ed. A Dictionary of Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780198802525.001.0001.
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Over 4,800 entriesThis bestselling dictionary is an authoritative and comprehensive source of jargon-free legal information. Its entries clearly define the major terms, concepts, processes, and organization of the English legal system.Now in its ninth edition, this A–Z has been fully updated to incorporate the latest legislation, such as The Modern Slavery Act 2015, the EU referendum, and changes in consumer, immigration, and family law. Over 100 new entries have been added, including entries such as Article 50, Brexit, and the Consumer Rights Act 2016. In addition, there is a useful Writing and Citation Guide in the end matter that specifically addresses problems and established conventions for writing legal essays and reports. Now providing more information than ever before, this edition features recommended web links for many entries, as well as including a list of general links in the end matter.Described by leading university lecturers as ‘the best law dictionary’ and ‘excellent for non-law students as well as law undergraduates’, this classic dictionary is an invaluable source of legal reference for professionals, students, and anyone else needing succinct clarification of legal terms. Focusing primarily on English law, it also provides a one-stop source of information for any of the many countries that base their legal system on English law.
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Nadler, Anthony, and A. J. Bauer, eds. News on the Right. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190913540.001.0001.
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This volume seeks to initiate a new interdisciplinary field of scholarly research focused on the study of right-wing media and conservative news. To date, the study of conservative or right-wing media has proceeded unevenly, cross-cutting several traditional disciplines and subfields, with little continuity or citational overlap. This book posits a new multifaceted object of analysis—conservative news cultures—designed to promote concerted interdisciplinary investigation into the consistent practices or patterns of meaning making that emerge between and among the sites of production, circulation, and consumption of conservative news. With contributors from the fields of journalism studies, media and communication studies, cultural studies, history, political science, and sociology, the book models the capacious field it seeks to promote. Its contributors draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative research methods—from archival analysis to regression analysis of survey data to rhetorical analysis—to elucidate case studies focused on conservative news cultures in the United States and the United Kingdom. From the National Review to Fox News, from the National Rifle Association to Brexit, from media policy to liberal media bias, this book is designed as an introduction to right-wing media and an opening salvo in the interdisciplinary field of conservative news studies.
Book chapters on the topic "Citations de Brevet"
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Badroo, Irfan Ashraf, Ashiq Hussain Khanday, Zainab Kalimuddin Ali, and Suriya Ashraf Badroo. "Environmental Phthalate Exposure in Relation to Reproductive Outcomes and Other Health Endpoints in Humans." In Handbook of Research on Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Plastic Pollution, 288–313. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch015.
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Phthalates are a group of manmade chemicals which may be regarded as heroes having profound application in industries belongs to dieters of 1, 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid (phthalic acid). They are mainly used as plasticizer. Phthalates may be of high and low molecular weight, and have find their existence in the manufacturing of various products that are of daily use to humans and pose threat to non-occupational humans besides of those working in the industries where phthalate based products are manufactured. Phthalates are now widely used and therefore it is difficult to avoid their exposure; thus, its adverse effects are very certain. The literature present revealed that phthalate exposure has made alteration both to females and males, like reproductive alterations: including damaging the sperm quality, semen concentration and sperm DNA, breast cancer in females, AGD, endocrine disruption. The phthalate exposure has been shown to alter the behavior, which is an indication of nervous system damage. Phthalate exposure has been revealed to affect the respiration. Phthalate after exposure has been found to get metabolized in various end points and their detection by various techniques has made an insight towards understanding the mechanism of phthalates toxicity. Phthalates both of low and high molecular weight have found their way to fauna and created a mess with the physiology of animals or humans. Thus, precaution is better, as said prevention is better than cure. The suggestive remedy for phthalate exposure is to make less use of products that contain phthalate material, more importantly during pregnancy and developmental stage of infants. Utmost care has been taken in regard to the literature cited. The data included in this chapter has been taken from those research articles with indexing of Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus as for authenticity, and also using the Web of Science Database, which provides interactive citation.
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Robinson, Marin S., Fredricka L. Stoller, Molly Constanza-Robinson, and James K. Jones. "Writing the Abstract and Title." In Write Like a Chemist. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195367423.003.0013.
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This chapter addresses how to write abstracts and titles for journal articles. Both the abstract and title provide succinct, informative (not descriptive) summaries of the research. To this end, they are usually written in the final stages of the writing process. After completing this chapter, you should be able to do the following: ■ Write a concise and informative abstract ■ Write a concise and informative title As you work through the chapter, you will write an abstract and title for your own paper. The Writing on Your Own tasks throughout the chapter will guide you step by step as you do the following: 7A Read titles and abstracts 7B Prepare to write 7C Write your abstract 7D Write your title 7E Practice peer review 7F Fine-tune your abstract and title When compared to the Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion sections of a journal article, the title and abstract are quite short; the title usually has fewer than 20 words, and many journals limit the abstract to fewer than 200 words. Despite their brevity (and perhaps because of it), the title and abstract are the most widely read sections of the journal article and thus are viewed by many as the most important sections of the journal article. As you read the title and abstract in excerpt 7A, consider the following: a. Read the title. Which of the following are included: research topic, importance, gap statement, procedures, instrumentation, results, interpretations, citations, conclusions? b. The abstract contains six sentences (107 words). Briefly state the purpose of each sentence. Based on these purposes, propose a move structure for the abstract. c. Are there any sentences in the abstract that do not include science content? Explain. d. Based only on the title and abstract, who are the intended audiences for this article (including subdisciplines of chemistry)? Give reasons for your choices.
Reports on the topic "Citations de Brevet"
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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry, and Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.