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Ahmad, Shakil, Shafiq Ur Rehman, Abid Iqbal, Rai Khalid Farooq, Arslan Shahid, and Muhammad Ikram Ullah. "Breast Cancer Research in Pakistan: A Bibliometric Analysis." SAGE Open 11, no. 3 (July 2021): 215824402110469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211046934.
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This study aimed to capture a clear picture of breast cancer research in Pakistan. It used bibliometric methods to investigate the status of breast cancer research in Pakistan. The data for this study were retrieved from the Web of Science database on 11-02-2021. Bibliometric parameters (publication and citation count, average citations per publication, h-index, impact factor, and journal quartile) for the purpose of evaluating authors/journals/organizations/countries were examined. It was found that till the filing of this bibliometric report, 1,605 research publications on breast cancer have been published by 7,774 authors, with averages of 0.206 documents per author, 4.84 authors per document, and 18.25 citations per documents. More than 72% of these publications were published between 2015 and 2020. Several local and international institutions were involved in funding these research publications. Furthermore, these publications have been cited 29,297 times, with an average of 18.25 citations per publication. On average, five authors have prepared a research study. International collaborations have been made with 88 countries around the world for this research. These results are encouraging but not in line with the rapid growth of breast cancer cases in Pakistan. There is a need for further attention and revisiting of the policy at the national level.
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Baxi, Shrujal S., Rubaya Yeahia, and Deborah Korenstein. "The evidence base in support of breast cancer surveillance guidelines: Flying without a net?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.25.
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25 Background: There are a growing number of breast cancer survivors, and they are often followed by primary care providers (PCP). With limited specialized cancer knowledge, PCPs may rely on guidelines (GL), but surveillance recommendations vary based on source. The data informing post-treatment surveillance is limited. We reviewed the evidence in support of varying breast cancer surveillance recommendations found in national GLs. Methods: We included breast cancer GLs containing surveillance recommendations from professional societies and government organizations in North America, the UK, and Europe (2010-5). We used online search engines and organization websites to identify GLs. Surveillance testing recommendations were recorded; relevant citations for each recommendation were identified and classified by evidence type. Results: We identified 6 breast cancer GLs from US, UK, and Europe; all recommended mammography. Other recommendations varied, with contradictory recommendations regarding MRI and US. Overall, 13 systematic reviews (SR) were cited; 9 related to mammography. One SR of MRI and one of mammography were cited by 2 GLs; remaining SRs were each cited by 1 GL. Other references included 34 primary studies, 9 narrative reviews and 11 older GLs. Among 23 surveillance testing recommendations from the 6 GLs, the highest level of supporting evidence was a SR in 44% and a primary study in 22%; the remainder cited no direct evidence. At times, the same citation supported contradictory recommendations in different guidelines. Conclusions: Evidence for surveillance recommendations is often low-level and cited references vary across GLs; the same evidence is used to support contradictory recommendations. Better evidence and its more consistent application would facilitate high quality breast cancer survivorship care.
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Connor, Steven, and Claudette Sartiliot. "Citation and Modernity: Derrida, Joyce, and Brecht." Modern Language Review 91, no. 1 (January 1996): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3734030.
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Monteiro, Bruno Miguel Azevedo, and Rubén Tortosa Cuesta. "Design for digital repositories: Conceptualizing new communicative paradigms to filter and visualize scientific contents." AUSART 4, no. 1 (July 12, 2016): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ausart.16714.
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This article aims to conceptualize a new communicative paradigm applied to academic scientific repositories. The publication and the querying of articles, papers, journals, books and other documents, are an integral part of the research process. However, the querying and information visualization process in a scientific academic repository, often proves to be inefficient, because the wide range of results hardly fits in the user’s specific subject. In this sense, it is presented a brief analysis around major reference projects, which although based in the metric of article citations (impact factor), the primary goal lies in the visualization of an extensive citation structure and the relations established between the different scientific fields. Based on the modus operandi of these visualization interfaces, the main objective of this paper is to propose a new approach, where the filtering and the visualization of information is based in the user’s experience instead of the usual citation "object" centered approach.Keywords: COMMUNICATION DESIGN; FOLKSONOMIES; HIERARCHICAL AND RELATIONAL STRUCTURES; INFORMATION FLOOD; INFORMATION VISUALIZATION Design for digital repositories: Conceptualizing new communicative paradigms to filter and visualize scientific contentsResumenEste artículo propone un nuevo paradigma comunicativo aplicado a repositorios científicos académicos. La publicación de artículos y consulta como revistas, libros y otros documentos, son una parte integral del proceso de investigación. La búsqueda de la información en repositorios académicos, a menudo resulta ser ineficiente debido a la amplia gama de resultados obtenidos. En este sentido, se realiza un estudio breve en torno a los principales proyectos de referencia, que a pesar de estar basados en un análisis de citas de artículos fijados en el factor de impacto, presentan como característica principal la visualización de patrones entorno a una amplia estructura de citaciones y relaciones entre las distintas áreas. A partir del modus operandi de estas interfaces de visualización, el artículo plantea una nueva orientación fundada en la experiencia del usuario en lugar del habitual enfoque centrado en "objeto" de la citación.Palabras-clave: DILUVIO DE INFORMACIÓN; DISEÑO DE COMUNICACIÓN; ESTRUCTURAS JERÁRQUICAS E RELACIONALES; TAXONOMÍAS SOCIALES; VISUALIZACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN
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Scope, Alison, Munira Essat, Abdullah Pandor, Rachid Rafia, Sue E. Ward, Lynda Wyld, Simon Cross, and Helen Buckley Woods. "GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING AND EXPANDED IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY TESTS TO GUIDE SELECTION OF CHEMOTHERAPY REGIMENS IN BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, no. 1 (2017): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317000034.
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Objectives:The aim of this report was to assess the clinical effectiveness of two Gene expression profiling (GEP) and two expanded immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests compared with current prognostic tools in guiding the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with early breast cancer.Methods:A systematic review of the evidence on clinical effectiveness of OncotypeDX, IHC4, MammaPrint, and Mammostrat, compared with current clinical practice using clinicopathological parameters, in women with early breast cancer was conducted. Ten databases were searched to include citations to May 2016.Results:Searches identified 7,064 citations, of which forty-one citations satisfied the criteria for the review. A narrative synthesis was performed. Evidence for OncotypeDX demonstrated the impact of the test on decision making and there was some support for OncotypeDX predicting chemotherapy benefit. There were relatively lower levels of evidence for the other three tests included in the analysis. MammaPrint, Mammostrat, and IHC4 tests were limited to a small number of studies. Limitations in relation to study design were identified for all tests.Conclusions:The evidence base for OncotypeDX is considered to be the most robust. Methodological weaknesses relating to heterogeneity of patient cohorts and issues arising from the retrospective nature of the evidence were identified. Further evidence is required for all of the tests using prospective randomized controlled trial data.
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Hix, Harvey L. "Book Review: Citation and Modernity: Derrida, Joyce, and Brecht." Philosophy and Literature 19, no. 2 (1995): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/phl.1995.0086.
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La France, Albert. "Les femmes musiciennes sous les Bourbon d’après les documents inédits de Marie Bobillier." Canadian University Music Review 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1014416ar.
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À sa mort en 1918, Marie Bobillier (pseud. Michel Brenet) a laissé au Département des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque nationale à Paris un nombre impressionnant de notes, de citations et de relevés qu’elle avait accumulés au cours de sa carrière et qui, pour la plupart, demeurent inédits. Dans un dépouillement de ces volumes, l’auteur a extrait les citations, les rapports et les commentaires des auteurs des trois derniers siècles, tous sous le thème « femmes musiciennes ». Il en résulte un éventail assez étonnant des activités musicales des femmes de l’ancien régime sous les rois Bourbon, une espèce de sondage du passé à partir duquel tirer quelques conclusions plus éclairées. Malheureusement, le travail n’a servi qu’à confirmer ce que d’autres ont déjà conclu, à savoir que les femmes des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles n’avaient qu’un rôle secondaire en musique, tout comme dans les autres aspects de la société, soit artistique, politique ou social. Il faudra attendre le XXe siècle pour que les femmes puissent commencer à prendre leur juste place dans les rangs de la profession musicale.
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Frolkis, Alexandra, Allison Michaud, Khue-Tu Nguyen, Moss Bruton Joe, Kirstie Lithgow, and Shannon M. Ruzycki. "Experiences of breast feeding at work for physicians, residents and medical students: a scoping review." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e039418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039418.
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ObjectiveTo review and summarise the available literature regarding breastfeeding experiences of medical students, residents and physicians.Eligibility criteriaArticles of any design, including non-peer reviewed data that examine the experiences of breast feeding of medical students, residents and staff physicians.Information sourcesOvid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Ovid EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science.Risk of biasAll peer-reviewed studies underwent risk-of-bias assessment using relevant tools, depending on the study design.Included studiesWe included 71 citations; 51 surveys, 3 narrative descriptions, 9 editorials or letters to the editor, and 3 reviews.Synthesis of resultsIncluded articles were heterogeneous with respect to their study design, target population and outcomes reported. Most articles had a high risk of bias. Only five articles reported the impact of an intervention.Description of effectDespite heterogeneity, the majority of articles described important barriers to breast feeding for physicians, residents and medical students. These barriers were similar across studies, and included inadequate and inaccessible space, time constraints and inflexible scheduling, and lack of colleague support. The consequences of these barriers included low milk supply and early discontinuation of breast feeding.Strengths and limitations of evidenceDue to the observed heterogeneity of articles identified in this review, we are unable to assess trends in barriers or duration of breastfeeding over time.InterpretationInterventions to overcome systemic and cultural barriers to breast feeding are needed to meet legal obligations of workplaces for physicians and trainees. These interventions should be formally evaluated using implementation science or quality improvement methods.
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Li, Jiao, Si Zheng, Hongyu Kang, Zhen Hou, and Qing Qian. "Identifying Scientific Project-generated Data Citation from Full-text Articles: An Investigation of TCGA Data Citation." Journal of Data and Information Science 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2017): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20309/jdis.201612.
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AbstractPurposeIn the open science era, it is typical to share project-generated scientific data by depositing it in an open and accessible database. Moreover, scientific publications are preserved in a digital library archive. It is challenging to identify the data usage that is mentioned in literature and associate it with its source. Here, we investigated the data usage of a government-funded cancer genomics project, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), via a full-text literature analysis.Design/methodology/approachWe focused on identifying articles using the TCGA dataset and constructing linkages between the articles and the specific TCGA dataset. First, we collected 5,372 TCGA-related articles from PubMed Central (PMC). Second, we constructed a benchmark set with 25 full-text articles that truly used the TCGA data in their studies, and we summarized the key features of the benchmark set. Third, the key features were applied to the remaining PMC full-text articles that were collected from PMC.FindingsThe amount of publications that use TCGA data has increased significantly since 2011, although the TCGA project was launched in 2005. Additionally, we found that the critical areas of focus in the studies that use the TCGA data were glioblastoma multiforme, lung cancer, and breast cancer; meanwhile, data from the RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) platform is the most preferable for use.Research limitationsThe current workflow to identify articles that truly used TCGA data is labor-intensive. An automatic method is expected to improve the performance.Practical implicationsThis study will help cancer genomics researchers determine the latest advancements in cancer molecular therapy, and it will promote data sharing and data-intensive scientific discovery.Originality/valueFew studies have been conducted to investigate data usage by government-funded projects/programs since their launch. In this preliminary study, we extracted articles that use TCGA data from PMC, and we created a link between the full-text articles and the source data.
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Rabaté, Jean-Michel. "Citation and Modernity: Derrida, Joyce and Brecht (review)." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 40, no. 2 (1994): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.0.0226.
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Ding, Jianrui, H. D. Cheng, Min Xian, Yingtao Zhang, and Fei Xu. "Local-weighted Citation-kNN algorithm for breast ultrasound image classification." Optik 126, no. 24 (December 2015): 5188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.09.231.
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Cho, Sooyoung. "Network News Coverage of Breast Cancer, 1974 TO 2003." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 83, no. 1 (March 2006): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900608300108.
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This study content analyzed 602 news story abstracts on breast cancer from the three major TV networks during the past three decades (1974 to 2003). The amount of news coverage on breast cancer increased during the time period. Some topics, such as prevention and treatment, increased significantly, whereas other issues, such as surgery and celebrities, decreased. The use of thematic frames and discussion of research developments increased across time, whereas other characteristics of the coverage did not change, such as the dominant citation of medical doctors as sources.
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Kayar, Ragıp. "Domestic Citation Rates of Turkish Papers on The Subject of Breast Diseases." Journal of Tepecik Education and Research Hospital 9, no. 1 (1999): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5222/terh.1999.59839.
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Chlebowski, Rowan T., Erin Aiello, and Anne McTiernan. "Weight Loss in Breast Cancer Patient Management." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 1128–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.20.4.1128.
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PURPOSE: To systematically review and summarize evidence relevant to obesity and breast cancer clinical outcome, potential hormonal mediating mechanisms, and the current status of weight loss interventions for chronic disease management. METHODS: A comprehensive, formal literature review was conducted to identify 5,687 citations with key information from 159 references summarized in text and tables. This process included a search for all breast cancer studies exploring associations among survival or recurrence and obesity at diagnosis or weight gain after diagnosis using prospective criteria. RESULTS: On the basis of observational studies, women with breast cancer who are overweight or gain weight after diagnosis are found to be at greater risk for breast cancer recurrence and death compared with lighter women. Obesity is also associated with hormonal profiles likely to stimulate breast cancer growth. Recently, use of weight loss algorithms proven successful in other clinical settings that incorporate dietary therapy, physical activity, and ongoing behavior therapy have been endorsed by the National Institutes of Health and other health agencies. CONCLUSION: Although definitive weight loss intervention trials in breast cancer patients remain to be conducted, the current evidence relating increased body weight to adverse breast cancer outcome and the documented favorable effects of weight loss on clinical outcome in other comorbid conditions support consideration of programs for weight loss in breast cancer patients. Recommendations for the clinical care of overweight or obese breast cancer patients are offered.
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Johnson, S. J., J. H. Bilenker, and A. J. Epstein. "The relative influence of clinical information, financial incentives, and other factors on physician’s choice of chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 6002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.6002.
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6002 Background: Understanding the effect of financial incentives for specialty pharmaceuticals on physician choice has been a priority for policy makers. This research seeks to identify the extent to which published clinical information and financial incentives affect a physician’s choice of chemotherapy along with other factors. Methods: SEER-Medicare and Medispan pricing data were formed into a panel of 4,503 patients who were diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer and treated with chemotherapy from 1991 to 2002. A conditional logit discrete choice model was employed to analyze the effects of product attributes, including financial margin, volume of randomized controlled trial citations, FDA labeled indications, years since launch, generic status, and other covariates, on odds of choice of chemotherapy. A chemotherapy-level fixed effects specification was used to analyze choices of drug in patients’ first and subsequent drug administrations. Results: The natural log of clinical information was positive and significant (β = 1.270; p < 0.001); a one unit increase in log of citations increased odds of choice by 27 percent, all else constant. Physicians avoided generics (β = 0.703; p < 0.01), preferred on- to off-label drugs (β = 0.468; p < 0.01), and preferred older drugs to newer ones. Financial incentives for the first chemotherapy administration were positive and significant influences on choice of drug (β = 1.001; p < 0.001). A $100 increase in reimbursement per day increased the odds of choosing a drug by 10 percent. Preference for financial incentives, more clinical information, and on-label drugs declined in subsequent administrations. Conclusions: This research provides evidence that financial incentives have a positive but modest effect on the average physician’s choice of chemotherapy when treating metastatic breast cancer. New clinical information about a drug also had a positive effect on choice. [Table: see text]
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Dietzel, Matthias, Paola Clauser, Panagiotis Kapetas, Rüdiger Schulz-Wendtland, and Pascal Andreas Thomas Baltzer. "Images Are Data: A Breast Imaging Perspective on a Contemporary Paradigm." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 193, no. 08 (February 3, 2021): 898–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1346-0095.
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Background Considering radiological examinations not as mere images, but as a source of data, has become the key paradigm in the diagnostic imaging field. This change of perspective is particularly popular in breast imaging. It allows breast radiologists to apply algorithms derived from computer science, to realize innovative clinical applications, and to refine already established methods. In this context, the terminology “imaging biomarker”, “radiomics”, and “artificial intelligence” are of pivotal importance. These methods promise noninvasive, low-cost (e. g., in comparison to multigene arrays), and workflow-friendly (automated, only one examination, instantaneous results, etc.) delivery of clinically relevant information. Methods and Results This paper is designed as a narrative review on the previously mentioned paradigm. The focus is on key concepts in breast imaging and important buzzwords are explained. For all areas of breast imaging, exemplary studies and potential clinical use cases are discussed. Conclusion Considering radiological examination as a source of data may optimize patient management by guiding individualized breast cancer diagnosis and oncologic treatment in the age of precision medicine. Key Points: Citation Format
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Moorman, Patricia G., Laura J. Havrilesky, Jennifer M. Gierisch, Remy R. Coeytaux, William J. Lowery, Rachel Peragallo Urrutia, Michaela Dinan, et al. "Oral Contraceptives and Risk of Ovarian Cancer and Breast Cancer Among High-Risk Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 33 (November 20, 2013): 4188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.48.9021.
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Purpose To estimate the risks of ovarian cancer and breast cancer associated with oral contraceptive (OC) use among women at elevated risk owing to mutations in BRCA1/2 or a strong family history. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published 2000 to 2012 that evaluated associations between OC use and breast or ovarian cancer among women who are carriers of a BRCA1/2 mutation or have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Results From 6,476 unique citations, we identified six studies examining ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and eight studies examining breast cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. For BRCA1/2 mutation carriers combined, meta-analysis showed an inverse association between OC use and ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.73) and a nonstatistically significant association with breast cancer (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.93 to 1.58). Findings were similar when examining BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers separately. Data were inadequate to perform meta-analyses examining duration or timing of use. For women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer, we identified four studies examining risk for ovarian cancer and three for breast cancer, but differences between studies precluded combining the data for meta-analyses, and no overall pattern could be discerned. Conclusion Our analyses suggest that associations between ever use of OCs and ovarian and breast cancer among women who are BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers are similar to those reported for the general population.
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Ahn, Soo Kyung, and Ji Woong Hwang. "Global Trends in Immunotherapy Research on Breast Cancer over the Past 10 Years." Journal of Oncology 2020 (November 5, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4708394.
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In recent years, many studies have focused on the host immune system and its relationship with tumor progression in a variety of solid tumors, including breast cancer. This study investigates recent trends of immunotherapy research in breast cancer and compares the contributions of research from different regions, institutions, and authors. A search of breast cancer and immunotherapy studies that were published between 2010 and 2019—with different keyword combinations—was performed in the Web of Science database. Bibliometric data were collected for analysis. VOSviewer software was used to generate a figure for the keyword’s co-occurrence network, so as to implement network visualization analysis. A total of 1,041 publications were identified. The United States and China contributed to approximately 50% of the publications, 336 and 208, respectively. Both countries drove the increase in publications after 2015. A paper entitled “Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer: Phase IB KEYNOTE-012 Study” that was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Nanda et al. was the most cited (715 citations). The keywords found in this research were grouped into four clusters: “mechanism,” “vaccination,” “PD-L1,” and “chemotherapy.” The terms “tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes” and “PD-1/PD-L1” are among the latest hotspots, which mostly appeared in 2017. Author keyword analysis revealed that recent trends in breast cancer immunotherapy focus on the triple-negative breast cancer subtype and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway and inhibitors. This study analyzed global trends in immunotherapy research on breast cancer over the past 10 years and provided insight into the features and research hotspots of the articles in this issue.
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Frable, William J. "Surgical Pathology—Second Reviews, Institutional Reviews, Audits, and Correlations: What's Out There? Error or Diagnostic Variation?" Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-620-sprira.
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Abstract Context.—A variety of methodologies have been used to report error rates in surgical pathology within the peer-reviewed medical literature. The media has selectively and superficially reported these error rates creating a climate of disinformation between physicians and the public. Objectives.—To review the medical literature on diagnostic error in surgical pathology and summarize and compare these data with selected reports in the print and broadcast media. Design.—A search of the medical literature from the National Library of Medicine database using the heading “Error and Pathology Diagnosis.” Results.—Three thousand nine hundred ninety-two citations were found, of which 83 directly measured in some manner errors in surgical and cytopathology. Major error rates ranged from 1.5% to 5.7% globally for institutional consults. Error rates were less, 0.26% to 1.2% for global in-house prospective review and 4.0% for in-house and retrospective blinded review. Error rates also varied by anatomic site: skin, institutional consult, 1.4%; prostate, institutional consult, 0.5%; and thyroid, institutional consult, 7.0%. Error rates reported in citations used by the Wall Street Journal were as follows: prostate, Gleason score changed by 1 point, 44% and resultant change in treatment for prostate cancer, 10%; for breast, altered lumpectomy or mastectomy plan, 8%; and diagnosis changed for thyroid lesions, 18%. Errors in second opinion on breast lesions (single pathologist author for the study) fall within the range of global reviews. Errors for second opinions on prostate cancer were principally 81% upgrades in Gleason score for prostate core needle biopsies. However, this resulted in an upgrade of patient risk category in only 10.8% of patients. Data for the article on change in diagnosis of thyroid lesions were incomplete. There appeared to be 3 significant diagnostic errors (4.5%). Conclusions.—Pathology is not immune to the power of the media to create concern about accuracy of diagnosis in surgical pathology and cytopathology. Detailed analysis of the medical literature cited by the media determines that painting the big picture and hitting the highlights can be profoundly misleading.
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Leutner, Detlev. "Editorial." Diagnostica 47, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0012-1924.47.1.1.
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Zusammenfassung.Durch das “Institute of Scientific Information“ (ISI) im “Journal Citation Report“ veröffentlichte Auswertungen des SSCI zeigen, daß die in der Diagnostica erschienenen Artikel in zahlreichen Zeitschriften und Journals sowohl national als auch international zur Kenntnis genommen und zitiert werden. Die Titel der zitierenden Zeitschriften und Journals belegen, daß die Diagnostica die gesamte fachliche Breite der Psychologie bedient und somit ihrem Anspruch gerecht wird, Organ für diagnostische Fragen in allen Bereichen der Psychologie zu sein. Mit einer Ablehnungsquote von 66% und einem Impact-Faktor von 1.837 ist die Diagnostica weiterhin gut gerüstet auf ihrem Weg durch das neue Jahrtausend.
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Browall, Maria, Sara Mijwel, Helen Rundqvist, and Yvonne Wengström. "Physical Activity During and After Adjuvant Treatment for Breast Cancer: An Integrative Review of Women’s Experiences." Integrative Cancer Therapies 17, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735416683807.
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Background: In oncology, physical activity (PA) is recognized to improve psychological and physiological functions. Motivating women with breast cancer to sustain a physically active lifestyle is important for promoting positive health after diagnosis. To review and synthesize what is known about how women with breast cancer experience supervised and unsupervised PA during and after adjuvant treatment. PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched, yielding 994 citations. The final review included 17 articles published between 2004 and 2014 in English. The CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) instrument was used to appraise quality. Results: Exercise is experienced as a positive element with multiple benefits. However, maintaining a physically active lifestyle during and after chemotherapy is sometimes challenging. Reported benefits of PA include feeling empowered, and improving and reclaiming health. Facilitators to PA comprised exercising with peers and skilled instructors. Barriers included social factors and lack of information. Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of incorporating PA programs from a patient experience perspective as routine treatment. Health care professionals play a crucial “gateway” role in providing information on implementation and benefits of PA. Providing support and educated advice about how to safely start or continue regular PA to minimize symptoms, reduce morbidity, and increase well-being during or after treatment is vital for women with breast cancer. Implications for Practice: Health care professionals need increased knowledge of the breast cancer patients’ perspectives on facilitators and barriers to PA during and after treatment, in order to provide sufficient support for women to stay physically active during a breast cancer illness.
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Jacobson, Judith S., Sara B. Workman, and Fredi Kronenberg. "Research on Complementary/Alternative Medicine for Patients With Breast Cancer: A Review of the Biomedical Literature." Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 3 (February 1, 2000): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.3.668.
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PURPOSE: This article reviews English-language articles published in the biomedical literature from 1980 to 1997 that reported results of clinical research on complementary and alternative medical treatments (CAM) of interest to patients with breast cancer.METHODS: We searched 12 electronic databases and the bibliographies of the retrieved papers, review articles, and books on CAM and breast cancer. The retrieved articles were grouped by end point: breast cancer (eg, tumor size, survival), disease-related symptoms, side effects of treatment, and immune function. Within each end point, we organized the articles by modality and assessed study design, findings, and qualitative aspects.RESULTS: Of the more than 1,000 citations retrieved, 51 fit our criteria for review. Of the articles reviewed, 17 were randomized clinical trials; three of these were trials of cancer-directed interventions, two of which involved the same treatment (melatonin). Seven articles described observational studies, and the remainder were reports of phase I or II trials. Relatively few CAM modalities reportedly used by many breast cancer patients were mentioned in articles retrieved by this process. Most articles had shortcomings.CONCLUSION: Although many studies had encouraging results, none showed definitively that a CAM treatment altered disease progression in patients with breast cancer. Several modalities seemed to improve other outcomes (eg, acupuncture for nausea, pressure treatments for lymphedema). If CAM studies are well-founded, well-designed, and meticulously conducted, and their hypotheses, methods, and results are reported clearly and candidly, research in this controversial area should acquire credibility both in the scientific community and among advocates of unconventional medicine.
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Sanjari Moghaddam, Ali, Morteza Roodgar, Hamid Mansourpour, and Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi. "LSP1 Gene rs3817198 Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Study." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology 1, no. 4 (December 25, 2016): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcb.2016.1.4.77-82.
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In this meta-analysis, we tried to clear the relationship between breast cancer risk and LSP1 gene rs3817198T>C polymorphism. This meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA protocol. We searched PubMed/Medline, Web of sciences and EMBASE. All literature investigating the association of LSP1 gene rs3817198T>C and breast cancer risk were considered to include in the meta-analysis. We pooled ORs using both fixed and random-effect models. Egger’s test and funnel plot were used to evaluate Publication bias and small study effect. After evaluation and screening of citations, 14 publications were eligible for final analysis after applying of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, 30,204 cases and 35,282 controls included in this meta-analysis. There was the significant association between LSP1 gene rs3817198T>C polymorphism and breast cancer only in homozygote genetic model (OR=1.14 [1.05-1.24]) and no association was found in heterozygotes (OR=1.03 [0.98-1.07]). The association was significant for popula ion-based studies and European & American & African population in both homozygote and heterozygote genetic model. There was no evidence of bias of literature and no small study effect. In conclusion, it seems that LSP1 gene rs3817198 polymorphism play its role in breast cancer incidence and other SNPs and environment are such triggers. Nevertheless, we recommend genome-wide association studies to evaluate the effect of SNPs in combination, not as single SNPs.
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Crandall, Carolyn J., Allison L. Diamant, Margaret Maglione, Rebecca C. Thurston, and Janet Sinsheimer. "Genetic Variation and Hot Flashes: A Systematic Review." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 12 (August 14, 2020): e4907-e4957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa536.
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Abstract Context Approximately 70% of women report experiencing vasomotor symptoms (VMS, hot flashes and/or night sweats). The etiology of VMS is not clearly understood but may include genetic factors. Evidence Acquisition We searched PubMed and Embase in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance. We included studies on associations between genetic variation and VMS. We excluded studies focused on medication interventions or prevention or treatment of breast cancer. Evidence Synthesis Of 202 unique citations, 18 citations met the inclusion criteria. Study sample sizes ranged from 51 to 17 695. Eleven of the 18 studies had fewer than 500 participants; 2 studies had 1000 or more. Overall, statistically significant associations with VMS were found for variants in 14 of the 26 genes assessed in candidate gene studies. The cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 (CYP1B1) gene was the focus of the largest number (n = 7) of studies, but strength and statistical significance of associations of CYP1B1 variants with VMS were inconsistent. A genome-wide association study reported statistically significant associations between 14 single-nucleotide variants in the tachykinin receptor 3 gene and VMS. Heterogeneity across trials regarding VMS measurement methods and effect measures precluded quantitative meta-analysis; there were few studies of each specific genetic variant. Conclusions Genetic variants are associated with VMS. The associations are not limited to variations in sex-steroid metabolism genes. However, studies were few and future studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.
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Pan, Kathy, and Rowan T. Chlebowski. "Breast cancer survivorship: State of the science." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.45.
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45 Background: Only in the past decade has breast cancer survivorship earned formal recognition as a research discipline. Complicating survivorship research is the overlap between aging and treatment sequelae (Pan et al., Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016). The ACS/ASCO 2015 Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline and the jointly sponsored 2016 Cancer Survivorship Symposium afforded an opportunity to review the “state of the science.” Methods: All 236 citations from the Guideline and all 250 abstracts from the Symposium were reviewed independently by two authors and prospectively categorized as follows: randomized trial; non-randomized study with controls; study without controls; review; and guideline. Additional categories were generated during the review process. Results: The Guideline most commonly cited reviews (n = 88, 37%), followed by 51 (22%) non-randomized, non-controlled studies and 37 (16%) randomized trials, which mostly addressed interventions for therapy sequelae such as lymphedema. Symposium abstracts most commonly described non-randomized, non-controlled studies (n = 113, 45%). Among 13 randomized trials (5%), 3 had not completed accrual; sample sizes were 60-467. 42 (17%) abstracts were identified as pilot studies and 17 (7%) as qualitative studies. 65 (26%) exclusively addressed breast cancer. Abstracts mostly covered health-related or psychosocial sequelae of therapy; however, some addressed overall survival or active cancer therapy. Conclusions: Much of the survivorship literature remains in the exploratory stage, consisting of non-controlled, pilot and qualitative studies. To optimally address survivorship issues, increasing incorporation of cancer-free, age-matched control populations is needed. [Table: see text]
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Filipe, M. D., S. I. S. Patuleia, M. R. Vriens, P. J. van Diest, and A. J. Witkamp. "Meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness of ductoscopy, duct excision surgery and MRI for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pathological nipple discharge." Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 186, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10549-021-06094-x.
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Abstract Introduction Pathological nipple discharge (PND) is a common breast-related complaint for referral to a surgical breast clinic because of its association with breast cancer. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ductoscopy in patients with PND. Additionally, we determined the most cost-efficient strategy for the treatment of PND and the detection of breast cancer in PND patient without radiological suspicion for malignancy. Materials and methods PubMed and EMBASE were searched to collect the relevant literature from the inception of both diagnostic methods until January 27th 2020. The search yielded 815 original citations, of which 10 studies with 894 patients were finally included for analysis. Costs of ductoscopy, MRI and duct excision surgery were obtained from the UMC Utrecht as established in the year 2019. These costs included: medical personnel, overhead costs, material costs and sterilisation costs. Results The meta-analysis showed no significant difference in sensitivity between ductoscopy (44%) and MRI (76%) for the detection of malignancy in patients with PND. However, ductoscopy (98%) had a statistically significantly higher specificity than MRI (84%). Individual costs were €1401.33, €822.13 and €6494.27 for ductoscopy, MRI and duct excision surgery, respectively. Full diagnostic strategy involving ductoscopy was on average €1670.97, while with MRI it was €2070.27. Conclusion Patients undergoing MRI are more often (false) positive which more often leads to duct excision surgery referrals compared to ductoscopy. This makes ductoscopy significantly more cost-effective compared MRI in patients with PND without radiological suspicion for malignancy.
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Goulart, Sueli, and Rafael Kruter Flores. "Os dilemas do acesso aberto." Revista Pensamento Contemporâneo em Administração 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12712/rpca.v11i2.903.
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O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de transformação de uma tradição cooperativa no campo da produção e disseminação do conhecimento – o projeto SciELO – em interesses de negócios operado por um grande grupo mundial de informação. Ao longo do tempo, SciELO se tornou referência de qualidade e se constituiu em possibilidade efetiva de disputar a hegemonia na divulgação do conhecimento acadêmico-científico, especialmente da produção latino-americana e caribenha, com o mercado editorial globalizado. Contemplamos uma breve síntese histórica do movimento pelo acesso aberto e do projeto SciELO. Avançamos para o momento atual, quando questões críticas mobilizam os interessados na temática, em especial, a criação do SciELO Citation Index na plataforma Web of Knowledge. Analisamos as questões elencadas sob o prisma do pensamento marxista, particularmente nos aspectos contemporâneos da acumulação do capital, como a crescente privatização dos bens comuns.
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Yu, Lin, Ping Li, Shu Yang, Pingping Guo, Xuehui Zhang, Na Liu, Jie Wang, and Wei Zhang. "Web-based decision aids to support breast cancer screening decisions: systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research 9, no. 14 (October 2020): 985–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/cer-2020-0052.
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Aim: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer among women. Because guidelines on screening for breast cancer for certain ages are controversial, many experts advocate the use of shared decision making (SDM) using validated decision aids (DAs). Recent studies have concluded that DAs are beneficial; however, the results have great heterogeneity. Therefore, further studies are needed to improve understanding of these tools. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of using web-based DAs in women aged 50 years and below facing the decision to be screened for breast cancer in comparison with usual care. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched up to February 2020 for studies assessing web-based DAs for women making a breast cancer screening decision and reported quality of decision-making outcomes. Using a random-effects model or a fixed-effects model, meta-analyses were conducted pooling results using mean differences (MD), standardized mean differences (SMD) and relative risks (RR). Results: Of 1097 unique citations, three randomized controlled trials and two before–after studies met the study eligibility criteria. Compared with usual care, web-based DAs increased knowledge (SMD = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57–0.80; p < 0.00001), reduced decision conflict and increased the proportion of women who made an informed choice (RR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.38 to 2.50; p < 0.0001), but did not change the intention of women deciding to be screened or affect decision regret. Conclusion: This analysis showed the positive effect of web-based DAs on patient-centered outcomes in breast cancer screening. In the future, more internet devices and free or larger discount WI-FI should be established to ensure more women can benefit from this effective tool.
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Sharma, Anil K., Var R. Sharma, Girish K. Gupta, Ghulam Md Ashraf, and Mohammad A. Kamal. "Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs), Glutathione and Breast Cancer: Factors, Mechanism and Therapeutic Interventions." Current Drug Metabolism 20, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389200219666180912104342.
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Background: Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are basically the end result of glycation of proteins and/or lipids in the presence of sugars. Specific cases of hyperglycemia have been reported with increased propensity of generation of AGEs. Many chronic and deadly diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders have been known to be caused as a result of generation of AGEs. The role of glutathione (GSH) metabolism and its intricate association with AGEs have also been well established in breast cancer prognosis and treatment. To understand the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs along with clinical relevance of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) and RAGE ligands, their interplay with GSH is of paramount importance especially in relation to breast cancer. Methods: The available literature using PubMed, National Library of Medicine database, Web of Science and SCOPUS indexed, Science Direct and other prestigious journals have been systematically reviewed using the keywords: advanced glycation end-products, breast cancer, glutathione RAGE, and AGEs inhibitors. This narrative review of all the relevant papers with significant citations has led us to have greater insight into the action mechanism and potential therapeutic significance of AGEs inhibitors. Results: Targeting breast cancer with the specific immunoglobulins and with other therapeutic interventions is needed to inhibit the generation of AGEs and manage glutathione expression, thus having strong implications in the management of breast cancer. Many RAGE ligands such as HMGB1, S100P, S100A8, S100A9 etc. have been known to enhance RAGE expression which may further lead to increased proliferation, migration and metastatic nature of tumor cells. Hence, RAGE and RAGE ligands in a close linkup with GSH may prove to be effective therapeutic markers of severity of breast cancer and for angiogenesis of tumor. Conclusion: This review provides a strong platform to comprehend the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs and glutathione along with the agents which can block their production, paving a way for the therapeutic intervention and an amicable solution to treat and manage breast cancer.
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Lønning, P. E. "Review of: Gene expression profiling identifies molecular subtypes of inflammatory breast cancer." Breast Cancer Online 9, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470903106004731.
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Citation of original article:F. Bertucci, P. Finetti, J. Rougemont, E. Charafe-Jauffret, N. Cervera, C. Tarpin,et al. Gene expression profiling identifies molecular subtypes of inflammatory breast cancer.Cancer Research2005;65(6): 2170–8.Abstract of the original articleBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Comprehensive gene expression profiles obtained using DNA microarrays have revealed previously indistinguishable subtypes of non-inflammatory breast cancer (NIBC) related to different features of mammary epithelial biology and significantly associated with survival. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, particular, and aggressive form of disease. Here we have investigated whether the five molecular subtypes described for NIBC (luminal A and B, basal, ERBB2 overexpressing, and normal breast-like) were also present in IBC. We monitored the RNA expression of approximately 8,000 genes in 83 breast tissue samples including 37 IBC, 44 NIBC, and 2 normal breast samples. Hierarchical clustering identified the five subtypes of breast cancer in both NIBC and IBC samples. These subtypes were highly similar to those defined in previous studies and associated with similar histoclinical features. The robustness of this classification was confirmed by the use of both alternative gene set and analysis method, and the results were corroborated at the protein level. Furthermore, we show that the differences in gene expression between NIBC and IBC and between IBC with and without pathologic complete response that we have recently reported persist in each subtype. Our results show that the expression signatures defining molecular subtypes of NIBC are also present in IBC. Obtained using different patient series and different microarray platforms, they reinforce confidence in the expression-based molecular taxonomy but also give evidence for its universality in breast cancer, independently of a specific clinical form.
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Svynarenko, A. V., and L. H. Miroshnichenko. "Brachytherapy in comprehensive treatment of breast cancer." Український радіологічний та онкологічний журнал 28, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46879/ukroj.2.2020.133-146.
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Purpose. Based on the data analysis to define the role and function of brachytherapy in comprehensive treatment of breast cancer, indications and contraindications to brachytherapy, appropriate ways of effectiveness planning and control.
Materials and methods. The following scientometric databases were used: Google Scholar, Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI), Index Copernicus (IC), Bibliometrics of Ukrainian Science («Бібліометрика української науки»), Scholarometer, Microsoft Academic Search). The search was restricted to the studies published within the 1983-2020 timeframe.
Results. The analysis of irradiated volume study EORTC (unpublished data indicate a real decrease in the amount of irradiation 3 times in patients who received intra-tissue boost compared with those who used a remote boost). Despite the reduction of exposure, the incidence of local recurrence is not increased.
Conclusions. The brachytherapy method makes it possible to reduce radiation exposure to surrounding tissues and to increase the total focal dose on the tumor mass. Along with that, following the results of observing local recurrence frequency and cosmetic effect, the effectiveness of internal tissue exposure in comprehensive treatment at early stages of breast cancer has been proved.
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Topuzov, E. E., T. T. Agishev, K. A. Fedorov, D. A. Krasnozhon, A. B. Vats, D. V. Romanovsky, G. A. Dashyan, et al. "Transcutaneous oxegen measurement in the area of soft tissue radiation-induced fibrosis in patients with breast cancer." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov201810258-63.
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Late radiation injury in the form of radiation-induced fibrosis is one of the many complications of radiation therapy.In current literature, pathogenesis of radiation-induced fibrosis is considered from several angles. According to one of the hypotheses, the main cause of pathogenesis of radiation-induced fibrosis is damage of the blood vessels caused by radiation. Another hypothesis insists that radiation causes depletion of specific cell populations in the irradiated area, reducing the number of stem cells (mostly, fibroblasts). (For citation: Topuzov EE, Agishev TT, Fedorov КА, et al. Transcutaneous oxegen measurement in the area of soft tissue radiation-induced fibrosis in patients with breast cancer. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):58-63. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810258-63).
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O’Hanlon, Claire E. "What kills us and what moves us: A comparative discourse analysis of heart disease and breast cancer." DIGITAL HEALTH 5 (January 2019): 205520761984486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055207619844865.
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Introduction Heart disease kills nearly 300,000 US women annually, while approximately 40,000 US women die of breast cancer. Breast cancer online patient communities are well known for their high engagement and emotional support. This exploratory study compared social media discourse on breast cancer with discourse related to heart disease. Methods Computer-assisted text analysis of two corpora composed of Twitter posts using #BreastCancer and #HeartDisease hashtags from December 2013 to December 2014. Lexical analysis (word and hashtag level) used AntConc software and lexicogrammatical analysis (style and stance) was conducted with DocuScope. Results The #BreastCancer corpus consisted of 592,046 posts, 57% of which were not original to the user (retweets). #HeartDisease had 269,769 posts (13% retweets). Social media discourse about #BreastCancer and #HeartDisease drew attention to women, new developments, appeals for help and disease risks. The #BreastCancer corpus incorporates gendered language and associations with art and activism, while posts about #HeartDisease were discussed scientifically in concert with other diseases. The #BreastCancer corpus uniquely included community-specific initialism hashtags. Stance analysis of the #BreastCancer corpus revealed more socially oriented posts, marked by language of constructive reasoning, inclusive language and abstract thought, while #HeartDisease corpus posts were more scholarly, used contingent and oppositional reasoning, language from institutional and academic registers, citations and meta-discourse. Conclusion The #HeartDisease social media community is less engaged, and content is less specific to both the disease and individual experience than #BreastCancer. Cultivating a women-focused heart disease online community might replicate some of the #BreastCancer community’s successes.
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DiCarlo, Jessica M., Sricharan Gopakumar, Preet K. Dhillon, and Suneeta Krishnan. "Adoption of Information and Communication Technologies for Early Detection of Breast and Cervical Cancers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 4 (August 2016): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2015.002063.
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Purpose In response to the growing burden of breast and cervical cancers, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are beginning to implement national cancer prevention programs. We reviewed the literature on information and communication technology (ICT) applications in the prevention of breast and cervical cancers in LMICs to examine their potential to enhance cancer prevention efforts. Methods Ten databases of peer-reviewed and gray literature were searched using an automated strategy for English-language articles on the use of mobile health (mHealth) and telemedicine in breast and cervical cancer prevention (screening and early detection) published between 2005 and 2015. Articles that described the rationale for using these ICTs and/or implementation experiences (successes, challenges, and outcomes) were reviewed. Bibliographies of articles that matched the eligibility criteria were reviewed to identify additional relevant references. Results Of the initial 285 citations identified, eight met the inclusion criteria. Of these, four used primary data, two were overviews of ICT applications, and two were commentaries. Articles described the potential for mHealth and telemedicine to address both demand- and supply-side challenges to cancer prevention, such as awareness, access, and cost, in LMICs. However, there was a dearth of evidence to support these hypotheses. Conclusion This review indicates that there are few publications that reflect specifically on the role of mHealth and telemedicine in cancer prevention and even fewer that describe or evaluate interventions. Although articles suggest that mHealth and telemedicine can enhance the implementation and use of cancer prevention interventions, more evidence is needed.
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H. Losken, Ana, and Elisa Mullan. "Lymphedema of breast cancer: risk factor and treatment." American Journal of BioMedicine 3, no. 4 (November 24, 2015): 306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18081/2333-5106/015-306-321.
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One of the well-known complication of breast cancer treatment is secondary lymphedema; an accumulation of protein-rich interstitial fluid due to the insufficient capacity of the lymphatic system. Lymphedema are affects about 20-30% of women following breast cancer treatment and the risk factors associated with lymphedema development after breast cancer surgery and or radiotherapy are not well established. Early diagnosis and treatment is considered important for successful management of breast cancer related arm lymphoedema. The objective of this study is to assess the value of risk factor and treatment modality of lymphedema. Electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE®, EMBASE, CINAHL®, and Social Sciences Citation Index. Articles were included where researchers used qualitative research methods and when a comprehensive description of methods and the study's findings were provided. Among 1210 articles, 30-37% developed lymphedema and 45% associated with incresead body mass index (BMI), 53% related with higher stage of disease. Furthermore; 74% strongly step rise with the number of involved lymph nodes; 41% in comorbid diseases, and the time after surgery showed significant correlation with the development of lymphedema in 32%. Suction-assisted protein lipectomy (SAPL) has been shown to safely and effectively reduce the solid component of swelling in chronic lymphedema and microsurgery procedures, including lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) and vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT), have been shown to be effective in the management of the fluid component of lymphedema and allow for decreased garment use.
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Col, Nananda, Leslie Ochs, Vicky Springmann, Aaron K. Aragaki, and Rowan T. Chlebowski. "Metformin and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis and critical literature review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2012): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.27_suppl.25.
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25 Background: Observational studies have suggested that metformin, commonly used for diabetes treatment that increases insulin sensitivity and improves glycemic control, decreases the incidence of several common cancers. However, findings regarding metformin and breast cancer incidence have been mixed. To explore this issue, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed with a focus on potential biases. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for all pertinent studies addressing metformin use and breast cancer risk by searching Pub Med, Cochrane Library, Scopus (which includes Embase, ISI Web of Science) using the Mesh terms: "metformin" or "biguanides" or "diabetes mellitus, type 2/therapy" and "cancer" or "neoplasms". When multiple hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratio (OR) were reported, the most adjusted estimate was used in the base-case analysis. We pooled the adjusted HR using and performed sensitivity analyses on duration of metformin use (> or < 3 years use), study quality (assessed using the GRADE system), and initial observation year of the cohort (before vs after 1997). Results: From a total of 421 citations, 13 full-text articles were considered, and 7 independent studies were included. All were observational (4 cohort and 3 case control). Our combined OR for metformin association with invasive breast cancer of all 7 studies was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71-0.97). Funnel plot analyses did not suggest publication bias. Stronger associations were found when analyses were limited to studies estimating the impact of longer metformin duration (OR = 0.75. 95% CI, 0.62-0.91) or among studies that began observing their cohort before 1997 (OR=0.68. 95% CI, 0.55-0.84). Stratification according to study quality did not affect the combined OR but higher quality studies had smaller CI and achieved statistical significance. Interpretation is limited by the observational nature of reports and different comparison groups. Conclusions: Our analyses support a protective effect of metformin on invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women with diabetes. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether metformin reduces breast cancer risk.
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Weigel, Stefanie, Walter Heindel, Caroline Dietz, Ulrike Meyer-Johann, Axel Graewingholt, and Hans Werner Hense. "Stratification of Breast Cancer Risk in Terms of the Influence of Age and Mammographic density." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 192, no. 07 (February 27, 2020): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1100-0016.
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Purpose Analysis of the influence of the singular risk factors age and breast density on the 2-year incidence of breast cancer among participants in the German mammography screening program. Materials and Methods The multicenter study includes 111 456 subsequent round digital mammographic screening examinations from four screening units with prospective visual categorization of breast density. Based on detection in screening and during the 2-year interval after negative screening participation (interval cancers), 2-year breast cancer incidences (2 YBCI) (‰) were calculated in the 5-year age groups (5 YAG) of the target group 50–69 years and in the BI-RADS density categories ACR 1–4. Multivariate statistical evaluations were carried out using logistic regression models. Results With an increase in the 5 YAG, the 2 YBCI increased by 5.0 ‰, 6.7 ‰, 8.5 ‰ to 9.7 ‰, and was significantly different among 55–59, 60–64 and 65–69-year-old women compared to the youngest reference group 50–54 years (odds ratio (OR): 1.34; 1.68; and 1.93; p-value < 0.0001). With an increase in density categories 1–4, the 2 YBCI increased from 2.6 ‰, to 5.8 ‰, 9.6 ‰, and 9.7 ‰. The 2 YBCI differed significantly in breast density categories 2, 3, 4 from reference group 1 (OR: 2.17; 3.65; and 3.76; p-value < 0.0001). Only within the two main breast density groups 2 (frequency 44.3 %) and 3 (44.7 %), a significant increase in the 2 YBCI was observed across the 5 YAG (category 2: 3.7–8.9 ‰; category 3: 5.8–11.7 ‰; p-value < 0.001 each). The 2 YBCI was above the median of 7.5 ‰ in women with breast density category 2 and aged 65–69 years, as well as in women with breast density categories 3 and 4 aged 55–69 years. A 2 YBCI below the median was seen in women between 50–54 years regardless of breast density, as well as women in category 1 in all age groups. Conclusion Within the main breast density categories 2 and 3 (almost 90 % of participants), incidences increase with age to double. A consistently low incidence is found regardless of breast density at a young screening age and in women with the lowest breast density. Key Points: Citation Format
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Campbell, I. G. "Review of: The rare ERBB2 variant Ile654Val is associated with an increased familial breast cancer risk." Breast Cancer Online 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2005): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470903105004748.
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Citation of original article:B. Frank, K. Hemminki, M. Wirtenberger, J. L. Bermejo, P. Bugert, R. Klaes, R. K. Schmutzler, B. Wappenschmidt, C. R. Bartram, B. Burwinkel. The rare ERBB2 variant lle654Val is associated with an increased familial breast cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2005; 26: 643–7.Abstract of the original articleOverexpression of the proto-oncogene ERBB2 (HER2/NEU) has been observed in 20–30% of breast cancers involving poor prognosis. Genetic alterations within ERBB2 have been shown to induce carcinogenesis and metastasis. We investigated eight annotated single nucleotide polymorphisms for occurrence in familial breast cancer samples. The confirmed variants Ile654Val, Ile655Val and Ala1170Pro were analysed in subsequent epidemiological studies on familial breast cancer risk. While Ala1170Pro resides within a C-terminally located regulatory domain, the two adjacent polymorphisms Ile654Val and Ile655Val are part of the transmembrane domain. A case–control study analysing a cohort of 348 German familial breast cancer cases and 960 corresponding controls showed no significant association of either Ile655Val (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.82–1.34, P = 0.728) or Ala1170Pro (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.74–1.20, P = 0.632) with familial breast cancer risk. Differences in haplotype frequencies between cases and controls could also not be detected. The ERBB2 variant Ile654Val, however, revealed an increased risk for carriers of the heterozygous Val654 allele (OR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.08–6.08, P = 0.028). The rare Val654 variant is linked with the more frequent Val655, resulting in two consecutive valine instead of two isoleucine residues within the transmembrane domain. Computational analyses suggest that the Val654–Val655 allele provokes receptor dimerisation and activation, thus stimulating kinase activity and cell transformation. We hypothesise that ERBB2 Val654 represents an oncogenic variant which might, in addition, influence clinical outcome and predict a worse prognosis.
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Loan, Nguyen Phuong, and Duong Hong Quan. "Antibody-drug conjugates: Principles and clinical results in breast cancer treatment." TAP CHI SINH HOC 39, no. 4 (February 26, 2018): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7160/v39n4.9327.
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Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are consisted of the combination of highly specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with conventional cytotoxic agents to particular cancer types. The use of mAbs that are specific to tumor cell-surface proteins allows highly selective accumulation of cytotoxic agents as ADCs at the tumor tissue, that is not achievable with conventional cytotoxic agents alone. Designing of effective ADCs for cancer treatment requires identification of an appropriate target, a mAb against the target, potent cytotoxic agents and conjugation of the mAb to cytotoxic agents. Until now, three ADCs including Gemtuzumab ozogamicin, Brentuximab and trastuzumab emtansine have received an FDA approval so far. These three ADCs have shown improved efficacy and safety data compared with standard chemotherapy for the treatment of patients of acute myeloid leukemia, advanced lymphoma and breast cancer, respectively. Moreover, several promising ADCs are now in the latter-phase of clinical testing. Thus, with special focusing on these new anti-cancer drugs, this review briefly describes the principles of ADCs including their structure and mechanism of action, and summarizes their clinical performance in breast cancer. Citation: Nguyen Phuong Loan, Duong Hong Quan, 2017. Antibody-drug conjugates: Principles and clinical results in breast cancer treatment. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(4): 489-493. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n4.9327.*Corresponding author: quanvspt@gmail.comReceived 15 March 2017, accepted 12 December 2017
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Fearon, D., S. Hughes, and S. G. Brearley. "Experiences of breast cancer in Arab countries. A thematic synthesis." Quality of Life Research 29, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-019-02328-0.
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Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. Its negative effects on a woman’s quality of life are related to the individual and socio-cultural factors. This review aimed to identify and synthesise the reported experiences and quality of life of women with breast cancer in Arab countries. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SCOPUS, PsychInfo, CINAHL, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean Region were searched for articles published from start to March 2019 using PRISMA guidelines. These searches were complimented by citation tracking and hand searching of relevant journals. A thematic synthesis was carried out on the ‘findings/results’ sections from the identified papers. Results Of 5228 records identified, 19 were included in the review which represented 401 women from 11 Arab countries. All used qualitative methods of data collection to produce rich descriptions of experiences. Thematic synthesis of the extracted data identified three major themes, Perceptions and reactions, Coping or enduring and Changing roles. Conclusions This review provides a rich description of the reported quality of life and experiences of women with breast cancer in Arab countries. These are influenced by the women’s and society’s views of cancer, the women’s role in society and family, religious faith and the healthcare context and access to treatment choices and information.
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Yeung, Andy Wai Kan, Michal Horbańczuk, Nikolay T. Tzvetkov, Andrei Mocan, Simone Carradori, Filippo Maggi, Joanna Marchewka, et al. "Curcumin: Total-Scale Analysis of the Scientific Literature." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 9, 2019): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071393.
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The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric overview of the literature on curcumin, complementing the previous reviews and meta-analyses on its potential health benefits. Bibliometric data for the current analysis were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection database, using the search string TOPIC=(“curcumin*”), and analyzed by the VOSviewer software. The search yielded 18,036 manuscripts. The ratio of original articles to reviews was 10.4:1. More than half of the papers have been published since 2014. The major contributing countries were the United States, China, India, Japan, and South Korea. These publications were mainly published in journals representing the following scientific disciplines: biochemistry, chemistry, oncology, and pharmacology. There was a significant positive correlation between the total publication count and averaged citations per manuscript for affiliations, but not for countries/regions and journals. Chemicals that were frequently mentioned in the keywords of evaluated curcumin publications included curcuminoids, resveratrol, chitosan, flavonoids, quercetin, and polyphenols. The literature mainly focused on curcumin’s effects against cancer, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Cancer types most frequently investigated were breast, colon, colorectal, pancreatic, and prostate cancers.
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Levine, Robert S., Barbara J. Kilbourne, Maureen Sanderson, Mary K. Fadden, Maria Pisu, Jason L. Salemi, Maria Carmenza Mejia de Grubb, et al. "Lack of validity of self-reported mammography data." Family Medicine and Community Health 7, no. 1 (January 2019): e000096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2018-000096.
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This qualitative literature review aimed to describe the totality of peer-reviewed scientific evidence from 1990 to 2017 concerning validity of self-reported mammography. This review included articles about mammography containing the words accuracy, validity, specificity, sensitivity, reliability or reproducibility; titles containing self-report, recall or patient reports, and breast or ‘mammo’; and references of identified citations focusing on evaluation of 2-year self-reports. Of 45 publications meeting the eligibility criteria, 2 conducted in 1993 and 1995 at health maintenance organisations in Western USA which primarily served highly educated whites provided support for self-reports of mammography over 2 years. Methodological concerns about validity of self-reports included (1) telescoping, (2) biased overestimates particularly among black women, (3) failure to distinguish screening and diagnostic mammography, and (4) failure to address episodic versus consistent mammography use. The current totality of evidence supports the need for research to reconsider the validity of self-reported mammography data as well as the feasibility of alternative surveillance data sources to achieve the goals of the Healthy People Initiative.
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Vologdina, I. V., R. M. Zhabina, E. G. Poroshina, A. A. Stanzhevsky, A. V. Savelieva, L. A. Krasilnikova, and E. A. Maslyukova. "Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in women with left breast cancer of middle-aged and elderly age at the stage of chemotherapy and radiotherapy." HERALD of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/mechnikov201810233-38.
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The study was conducted to identify risk factors for cardiovascular complications in 38 women with HER2neu negative left breast cancer without severe cardiovascular pathology, related both to the clinical features of the patients and the treatmenbeing performed. Patients after radical mastectomy were hospitalized for chemotherapy (doxorubicin in a cumulative dose not exceeding 360 mg/m2) and 3D conformal radiation therapy on the left breast breast of chest radiation doses 39 Gy (equivalent to 48 Gy of normal functioning). Separation into groups was carried out depending on the age: from 20 to 59 years - 20 patients, from 60 to 74 years - 18 patients. It was revealed that the risk of cardiovascular complications in the Score Scale was significantly higher in elderly patients due to age, increased systolic blood pressure and hypercholesterolemia. These patients showed higher rates of BMI and abdominal obesity. The study of psychosocial factors has shown great importance of the transferred stress in the past. The patients of the second group showed high personal anxiety (55.4 ± 3.4, 95% CI 49,6-56,4). In 70% of middle-aged patients and 89% of elderly patients after chemotherapy and radiotherapy cardiotoxicity in the form of cardiac insufficiency of systolic and diastolic dysfunction and asymptomatic cardiac arrhythmias was revealed. (For citation: Vologdina IV, Zhabina RM, Poroshina EG, et al. Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in women with left breast cancer of middle-aged and elderly age at the stage of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Herald of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. 2018;10(2):33-38. doi: 10.17816/mechnikov201810233-38).
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Griekspoor, A., T. C. Margarido, W. Zwart, and R. Michalides. "Review of: BRCA1 and cyclin D1: gate keepers in hormone responsive tissues?" Breast Cancer Online 9, no. 4 (March 22, 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470903106005098.
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Citation of original article:C. Wang et al. Cancer Research 2005; 65(15): 6557–6567.Abstract of the original article:The cyclin D1 gene is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancer and is capable of inducing mammary tumorigenesis when overexpressed in transgenic mice. The BRCA1 breast tumor susceptibility gene product inhibits breast cancer cellular growth and the activity of several transcription factors. Herein, cyclin D1 antagonized BRCA1-mediated repression of estrogen receptor α(ERα)-dependent gene expression. Cyclin D1 repression of BRCA1 function was mediated independently of its cyclin-dependent kinase, retinoblastoma protein, or p160 (SRC-1) functions in human breast and prostate cancer cells. In vitro, cyclin D1 competed with BRCA1 for ERα binding. Cyclin D1 and BRCA1 were both capable of binding ERα in a common region of the ERα hinge domain. A novel domain of cyclin D1, predicted to form a helix-loop-helix structure, was required for binding to ERα and for rescue of BRCA1-mediated ERα transcriptional repression. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, 17β-estradiol (E2) enhanced ERα and cyclin D1 recruitment to an estrogen response element (ERE). Cyclin D1 expression enhanced ERα recruitment to an ERE. E2 reduced BRCA1 recruitment and BRCA1 expression inhibited E2-induced ERα recruitment at 12 h. Cyclin D1 expression antagonized BRCA1 inhibition of ERα recruitment to an ERE, providing a mechanism by which cyclin D1 antagonizes BRCA1 function at an ERE. As cyclin D1 abundance is regulated by oncogenic and mitogenic signals, the antagonism of the BRCA1-mediated ERα repression by cyclin D1 may contribute to the selective induction of BRCA1-regulated target genes.
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Batchu, Sai, Fan Liu, Ahmad Amireh, Joseph Waller, and Muhammad Umair. "A Review of Applications of Machine Learning in Mammography and Future Challenges." Oncology 99, no. 8 (2021): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515698.
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<b><i>Background:</i></b> The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature to summarize the evidence surrounding the clinical utility of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of mammography. Databases from PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus were searched for relevant literature. Studies evaluating AI models in the context of prediction and diagnosis of breast malignancies that also reported conventional performance metrics were deemed suitable for inclusion. From 90 unique citations, 21 studies were considered suitable for our examination. Data was not pooled due to heterogeneity in study evaluation methods. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Three studies showed the applicability of AI in reducing workload. Six studies demonstrated that AI can aid in diagnosis, with up to 69% reduction in false positives and an increase in sensitivity ranging from 84 to 91%. Five studies show how AI models can independently mark and classify suspicious findings on conventional scans, with abilities comparable with radiologists. Seven studies examined AI predictive potential for breast cancer and risk score calculation. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Despite limitations in the current evidence base and technical obstacles, this review suggests AI has marked potential for extensive use in mammography. Additional works, including large-scale prospective studies, are warranted to elucidate the clinical utility of AI.
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Chlebowski, R. T., and L. M. Lillington. "A decade of breast cancer clinical investigation: results as reported in the Program/Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology." Journal of Clinical Oncology 12, no. 9 (September 1994): 1789–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1994.12.9.1789.
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PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that clinical research results have driven changes in recent breast cancer management recommendations. METHODS All breast cancer abstracts in the Program/Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) from 1984 to 1993 were prospectively reviewed in 31 areas and categorized by study type, study question, whether statistical significance was claimed, and whether the abstract was presented. RESULTS Of 1,372 abstracts, 54% reported on prospective clinical trials (PCTs) and 17% on randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The total number of published abstracts progressively increased (from 87 in 1984 to 221 in 1993) and author citations nearly quadrupled (from 430 in 1984 to 1,642 in 1993, P < .01); however, RCTs have come to represent a smaller proportion of reports: 37% (33 of 89) in 1986 versus 10% (22 of 221) in 1993 (P < .001). The size of adjuvant-therapy RCTs has progressively increased (mean +/- SEM subjects/trial, 237 +/- 43 in 1984 to 874 +/- 374 in 1993), but has remained small in advanced-disease RCTs (mean +/- SEM subjects/trial, 145 +/- 25 in 1984 to 146 +/- 34 in 1993). For adjuvant therapy, 14 of 90 RCTs (with 51,207 patients) reported a significant (P < .05) survival benefit for investigational therapies (16%). For advanced-disease therapy, only three of 141 RCTs (with 26,281 patients) reported a significant (P < .05) survival benefit for investigational therapies (2%). Randomization was rarely used in trials of dose-intensity with blood-product support (zero of 86 trials) or locally advanced disease. CONCLUSION For breast cancer ASCO abstracts in the past decade, we determined the following: (1) adjuvant trials have not infrequently supported study hypotheses; and (2) advanced-disease trials have consistently failed to identify new approaches with a significant impact on survival. These results suggest that a critical process evaluation of current policy and procedures involved in directing breast cancer research is warranted, especially for strategies in advanced disease.
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Desnoyers, Alexandra, Ramy Saleh, Michelle Nadler, and Eitan Amir. "Associations with response to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer: Results of a meta-regression analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e12567-e12567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12567.
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e12567 Background: PARP inhibitors (PARPi), when given as single agents, have modest antitumor activity in patients with advanced breast cancer and germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. It is unclear whether some subgroups derive greater benefit from treatment. Methods: Two electronic databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL) and one registry (Clinicaltrials.gov) were searched from inception to November 2018 to identify trials of PARPi in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The response rates to PARPi were extracted and pooled. Analyses were performed for patients with a germline BRCA mutation. Meta-regression explored the influence of patient and tumor characteristics and previous chemotherapy on the objective response rate (ORR) as reported in individual studies. Analysis comprised of a linear regression weighted by individual study sample size using the weighted least squares (mixed effect) method. Quantitative significance was defined using methods described by Burnand et al. Results: Of 1855 citations, 11 studies comprising 813 patients were included in the analysis. 765 (94%) patients had a germline BRCA mutations; 48% of breast cancers were triple-negative. 76% of patients had received at least 1 previous line of chemotherapy in the metastatic setting and 30% were exposed to platinum-based chemotherapy. Pooled ORR was 47% in patients with a germline BRCA mutation. Meta-regression showed that previous chemotherapy in the metastatic setting ( = -0.94, p = 0.006), especially platinum-based chemotherapy ( = -0.89, p = 0.02) were associated with highly significant negative association with ORR. A highly quantitatively significant negative association was observed for age ( = -0.80, p = 0.10), but this did not meet statistical significance. Performance status ( = 0.44, p = 0.38) and hormone receptor status (hormone receptors positive: = 0.46, p = 0.30) were not associated with response. Conclusions: PARPi therapy is associated with lesser response in patient with prior chemotherapy exposure, especially platinum-based treatment. Younger patients may benefit more from PARPi. There was no association between ORR and hormone receptor status.
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Il’ina, I. Yu, and Yu E. Dobrokhotova. "Postmenopausal osteoporosis: a gynecologist’s view." Russian Medical Inquiry 4, no. 6 (2020): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-358-363.
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Climacteric is a physiological period of woman’s life starting from the decline in ovarian activity until the end of ovarian function. The end of ovarian function associated with the significant reduction in estradiol progestin synthesis results in the hormonal changes that lead to the clinical manifestations of postmenopausal period. During this period, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular events are common. In addition, the risks of various cancers (i.e., breast, colorectal, pancreatic, bladder, and endometrial cancer) increase greatly. Moreover, the risk of osteoporosis, a condition that affects the quality of life, also increases. Considering this, menopausal hormone therapy and drugs promoting bone metabolism should be prescribed in addition to the changes in the lifestyle and encouraging physical activity.KEYWORDS: menopause, climax, bone mineral density, fractures, osteoporosis, ibandronic acid.FOR CITATION: Il’ina I.Yu., Dobrokhotova Yu.E. Postmenopausal osteoporosis: a gynecologist’s view. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(6):358–363. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-6-358-363.
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Batchelor, Samantha, Emma R. Miller, Belinda Lunnay, Sara Macdonald, and Paul R. Ward. "Revisiting Candidacy: What Might It Offer Cancer Prevention?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 10157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910157.
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The notion of candidacy emerged three decades ago through Davison and colleagues’ exploration of people’s understanding of the causes of coronary heart disease. Candidacy was a mechanism to estimate one’s own or others risk of disease informed by their lay epidemiology. It could predict who would develop illness or explain why someone succumbed to it. Candidacy’s predictive ability, however, was fallible, and it was from this perspective that the public’s reticence to adhere to prevention messages could be explained, as ultimately anybody could be ‘at-risk’. This work continues to resonate in health research, with over 700 citations of Davison’s Candidacy paper. Less explored however, is the candidacy framework in its entirety in other illness spheres, where prevention efforts could potentially impact health outcomes. This paper revisits the candidacy framework to reconsider it use within prevention. In doing so, candidacy within coronary heart disease, suicide prevention, diabetes, and cancer will be examined, and key components of candidacy and how people negotiate their candidacy within differing disease contexts will be uncovered. The applicability of candidacy to address modifiable breast cancer risk factors or cancer prevention more broadly will be considered, as will the implications for public health policy.
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Kalirai, H., and R. B. Clarke. "Review of: Proliferation of estrogen receptor-alpha-positive mammary epithelial cells is restrained by transforming growth factor-beta1 in adult mice." Breast Cancer Online 9, no. 6 (May 12, 2006): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470903106005086.
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Citation of original article:K. B. Ewan, H. A. Oketch-Rabah, S. A. Ravani, G. Shyamala, H. L. Moses, M. H. Barcellos-Hoff. Proliferation of estrogen receptor-alpha-positive mammary epithelial cells is restrained by transforming growth factor-beta1 in adult mice.American Journal of Pathology2005;167(2): 409–17.Abstract of the original article:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is a potent inhibitor of mammary epithelial proliferation. In human breast, estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha cells rarely co-localize with markers of proliferation, but their increased frequency correlates with breast cancer risk. To determine whether TGF-beta1 is necessary for the quiescence of ER-alpha-positive populations, we examined mouse mammary epithelial glands at estrus. Approximately, 35% of epithelial cells showed TGF-beta1 activation, which co-localized with nuclear receptor-phosphorylated Smad 2/3, indicating that TGF-beta signaling is autocrine. Nuclear Smad co-localized with nuclear ER-alpha. To test whether TGF-beta inhibits proliferation, we examined genetically engineered mice with different levels of TGF-beta1. ER-alpha co-localization with markers of proliferation (i.e., Ki-67 or bromodeoxyuridine) at estrus was significantly increased in the mammary glands of TGF-beta1 C57/bl/129SV heterozygote mice. This relationship was maintained after pregnancy but was absent at puberty. Conversely, mammary epithelial expression of constitutively active TGF-beta1 via the MMTV promoter suppressed proliferation of ER-alpha-positive cells. Thus, TGF-beta1 activation functionally restrains ER-alpha-positive cells from proliferating in adult mammary gland. Accordingly, we propose that TGF-beta1 dysregulation may promote proliferation of ER-alpha-positive cells associated with breast cancer risk in humans.