Academic literature on the topic 'Citations (interferences)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Citations (interferences)"

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Scheall, Scott, William N. Butos, and Thomas McQuade. "Social and scientific disorder as epistemic phenomena, or the consequences of government dietary guidelines." Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 3 (October 23, 2018): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000358.

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AbstractWe begin with a process-oriented model of science according to which signals concerning scientific reputation serve both to coordinate the plans of individuals in the scientific domain and to ensure that the knowledge that emerges from interactions between scientists and the environment is reliable. Under normal circumstances, scientific order emerges from the publication–citation–reputation (PCR) process of science. We adopt and extend F. A. Hayek's epistemology according to which knowledge affords successful plan-based action and we employ this in the development of an epistemic theory of social order. We propose that external interferences with the PCR process have distorting effects on scientific knowledge and, thus, on scientific and social order more broadly. We support this claim by describing the history of the US federal government's development of standardized dietary guidelines for American consumers and its concomitant interference in the PCR process of nutritional science. We conclude that this interference contributed to social disorder in dietary science and beyond.
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Chai, Sen, Alexander D’Amour, and Lee Fleming. "Explaining and predicting the impact of authors within a community: an assessment of the bibliometric literature and application of machine learning." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 1 (July 16, 2019): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz042.

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Abstract Following widespread availability of computerized databases, much research has correlated bibliometric measures from papers or patents to subsequent success, typically measured as the number of publications or citations. Building on this large body of work, we ask the following questions: given available bibliometric information in one year, along with the combined theories on sources of creative breakthroughs from the literatures on creativity and innovation, how accurately can we explain the impact of authors in a given research community in the following year? In particular, who is most likely to publish, publish highly cited work, and even publish a highly cited outlier? And, how accurately can these existing theories predict breakthroughs using only contemporaneous data? After reviewing and synthesizing (often competing) theories from the literatures, we simultaneously model the collective hypotheses based on available data in the year before RNA interference was discovered. We operationalize author impact using publication count, forward citations, and the more stringent definition of being in the top decile of the citation distribution. Explanatory power of current theories altogether ranges from less than 9% for being top cited to 24% for productivity. Machine learning (ML) methods yield similar findings as the explanatory linear models, and tangible improvement only for non-linear Support Vector Machine models. We also perform predictions using only existing data until 1997, and find lower predictability than using explanatory models. We conclude with an agenda for future progress in the bibliometric study of creativity and look forward to ML research that can explain its models.
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McIsaac, Tara L., Eric M. Lamberg, and Lisa M. Muratori. "Building a Framework for a Dual Task Taxonomy." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/591475.

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The study of dual task interference has gained increasing attention in the literature for the past 35 years, with six MEDLINE citations in 1979 growing to 351 citations indexed in 2014 and a peak of 454 cited papers in 2013. Increasingly, researchers are examining dual task cost in individuals with pathology, including those with neurodegenerative diseases. While the influence of these papers has extended from the laboratory to the clinic, the field has evolved without clear definitions of commonly used terms and with extreme variations in experimental procedures. As a result, it is difficult to examine the interference literature as a single body of work. In this paper we present a new taxonomy for classifying cognitive-motor and motor-motor interference within the study of dual task behaviors that connects traditional concepts of learning and principles of motor control with current issues of multitasking analysis. As a first step in the process we provide an operational definition of dual task, distinguishing it from a complex single task. We present this new taxonomy, inclusive of both cognitive and motor modalities, as a working model; one that we hope will generate discussion and create a framework from which one can view previous studies and develop questions of interest.
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Ganguli, Ina, Jeffrey Lin, and Nicholas Reynolds. "The Paper Trail of Knowledge Spillovers: Evidence from Patent Interferences." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 278–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20180017.

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We show evidence of localized knowledge spillovers using a new database of US patent interferences terminated between 1998 and 2014. Interferences resulted when two or more independent parties submitted identical claims of invention nearly simultaneously. Following the idea that inventors of identical inventions share common knowledge inputs, interferences provide a new method for measuring knowledge spillovers. Interfering inventors are 1.4 to 4.0 times more likely to live in the same local area than matched control pairs of inventors. They are also more geographically concentrated than citation-linked inventors. Our results emphasize geographic distance as a barrier to tacit knowledge flows. (JEL D83, O31, O33, O34)
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Visser, Daniel, and Niall R. Whitty. "The Role of Interest in Unjustified Enrichment Claims." Edinburgh Law Review 25, no. 1 (January 2021): 48–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2021.0673.

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This essay addresses the question: when should pre-citation interest be awarded in actions for unjustified enrichment in Scots law? The answer depends mainly on the definition of the elements of enrichment liability, the manner of acquiring the enrichment, the type of enrichment-debtor, and his or her state of mind. The essay argues that (a) generally the actual interest earned (or saved) should be awarded, aided by a rebuttable presumption that interest was earned at a specified rate; (b) interest should normally be awarded at market rates where the defender knows that s/he holds the money or asset unjustifiably; and (c) in enrichment by interference with the pursuer's rights to money or other assets, an interest award might represent the time-value of exercising those rights during the period of interference.
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Al-Emran, Sulaiman, and Rakan Barakati. "A Method for Stabilizing a Lingual Fixed Retainer in Place Prior to Bonding." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 8, no. 7 (2007): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-8-7-108.

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Abstract Aim The objective of this article is to present a simple technique for stabilizing a lingual fixed retainer wire in place with good adaptation to the teeth surfaces and checking for occlusal interferences prior to the bonding procedure. Background Bonding of an upper or lower fixed lingual retainer using stainless steel wires of different sizes and shapes is a common orthodontic procedure. The retainer can be constructed in a dental laboratory, made at chair side, or it can be purchased in prefabricated form. All three ways of creating a fixed retainer are acceptable. However, the method of holding the retainer wire in place adjacent to the lingual surfaces of the teeth before proceeding with the bonding process remains a problem for some practitioners. Report The lingual fixed retainer was fabricated using three pieces of .010” steel ligature wire which were twisted into a single strand wire. Another four to five 0.010” pieces of steel ligature wires were twisted in the same way to serve as an anchor wire from the labial side of the teeth. The retainer wire was bonded using the foible composite. Summary The technique presented here for stabilizing the retainer wire prior to bonding provides good stabilization, adaptation, and proper positioning of the retainer wire while eliminating contamination of etched surfaces which might arise during wire positioning before bonding. This technique also allows the clinician the opportunity to check the occlusion and adjust the retainer wire to avoid occlusal interference prior to bonding maxillary retainers. This same clinical strategy can be used to stabilize wires for splinting periodontally affected teeth and traumatized teeth. Citation Al-Emran S, Barakati R. A Method for Stabilizing a Lingual Fixed Retainer in Place Prior to Bonding. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:108-113.
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Russ, John, and Chris Russ. "Removing Halftone Patterns From Scanned Images." Microscopy Today 8, no. 7 (September 2000): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500054638.

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Using illustrations from published technical articles is part of many lectures and presentation citations, and given the availability of flat bed scanners, should be easy to accomplish. The problem that remains is removing halftone patterns and other periodic noise that result from printing and scanning technology. Practically all magazines and newspapers are printed using a regular halftone pattern that uses an array of dots varied in size to produce the visual illusion of continuous gray scale. Color images are usually printed with three, four or even more such patterns using different colored inks and different pattern orientations. Scanning such images into a computer can introduce a further pattern due to the moire interference between the printed pattern and the spacing of the sensors in the scanner. Such patterns are also characteristic of images obtained from single-chip video cameras because of the color filters present in front of the light sensors on the chip.
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Schwarzwald, Ora (Rodrigue). "Linguistic Variations in Early Ladino Translations." Journal of Jewish Languages 2, no. 1 (June 9, 2014): 1–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340023.

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The differences between early Ladino liturgical translations andhalakhictranslations, both of which were based on Hebrew sources, are analyzed in this study. The liturgical translations include the Bible, Pirke Avot, the Passover Haggadah, and the Siddur as well as biblical citations in these sources. The halakhic translations includeMesa de el alma(Shulḥan Hapanimin Hebrew) which is a translation ofShulḥan Arukh, the translations ofḤovat Halevavot, and the halakhic instructions in the prayer books. While there are no significant variations in orthography between the two kinds of translations and morphology demonstrates few differences, syntax, discourse analysis, and lexicon reveal great variability. The halakhic translations demonstrate simplification, explicitation, normalization, and a small amount of interference, whereas the liturgical translations adhere to very strict norms of word-for-word translation. It was also found in both kinds of texts that the western translations from Italy and the Netherlands done by former converted Jews (anusim) follow Spanish norms more than the eastern Ladino conventions of the Jews in the Balkans and Asia Minor.
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Simmons, Edlyn S., and Bettina D. Spahl. "Of submarines and interference: legal status changes following citation of an earlier US patent or patent application under 35 USC §102 (e)." World Patent Information 22, no. 3 (September 2000): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0172-2190(00)00046-6.

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Chen, Liang, Liisa Heikkinen, Changliang Wang, Yang Yang, Huiyan Sun, and Garry Wong. "Trends in the development of miRNA bioinformatics tools." Briefings in Bioinformatics 20, no. 5 (June 17, 2019): 1836–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bib/bby054.

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Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression via recognition of cognate sequences and interference of transcriptional, translational or epigenetic processes. Bioinformatics tools developed for miRNA study include those for miRNA prediction and discovery, structure, analysis and target prediction. We manually curated 95 review papers and ∼1000 miRNA bioinformatics tools published since 2003. We classified and ranked them based on citation number or PageRank score, and then performed network analysis and text mining (TM) to study the miRNA tools development trends. Five key trends were observed: (1) miRNA identification and target prediction have been hot spots in the past decade; (2) manual curation and TM are the main methods for collecting miRNA knowledge from literature; (3) most early tools are well maintained and widely used; (4) classic machine learning methods retain their utility; however, novel ones have begun to emerge; (5) disease-associated miRNA tools are emerging. Our analysis yields significant insight into the past development and future directions of miRNA tools.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Citations (interferences)"

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Ivanuškina, Olga. "Elementy obcojęzyczne w polszczyżnie potocznej młodzieży polskiej (na przykładzie grupy młodzieży z Pogir w rej. wileńskim)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060614_125448-20376.

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This paperwork is based on microsociolinguistic research perspective. Speech material was recorded in group of eight young people during nonofficial endurance. The main objective of this paperwork is detail analysis of foreign elements used by Polish youth and presence of their functions in communication process. There were used two research methods: questionnaire and tape-recording of speech during meetings, which topic was religious issue. One part is dedicated to citations (interferences) – elements from foreign languages included into Polish syntax context, which lack any designators of adaptation of grammar and phonetics. In case of classification of citations grammar criteria was accepted as overriding. On this basis all foreign interferences were classified according to parts of speech. The other part of this paperwork presents inputs of longer expressions into speech, which in literature are defined as code switching.
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