Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Citations, References'

References and citations form a basis for scientific research and creation/discovery of knowledge. However literature reviews had indicated that many errors are present in scholarly papers published in journals and conferences as well as in books and articles. Furthermore, course works of students studying in higher education institutions contain mistakes in references lists and in-text citations. Problems that stem from these inaccuracies are multifarious and range from the act of plagiarism, not acknowledging the source, problems in information access and retrieval as well as causing inaccuracies in ranking articles and journals, thus hindering the growth of knowledge. Based on the importance of this global issue this research was initiated. The first objective of our research was to determine root causes for the presence of mistakes and inadequacies in references and citations within the academic arena. We chose the academic arena because they are the training grounds for education and scientific research. Furthermore, through this research we sought a unique practical solution for this issue. In order to conduct a thorough and comprehensive investigation into the above mentioned problems, and to achieve the aim of proposing a suitable solution, we divided our research work into three main phases. First phase was the investigative phase. During this phase a thorough literature review was conducted. As a result of this review, research questions were formed. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted to investigate the causes of erroneous references and citations. Triangulation research methodology was used to get reliable and comprehensive information. Data received through these methods were analyzed and core issues such as inadequate feedback and training in referencing task were highlighted. In the second phase, termed as solution phase, a pedagogical framework was proposed to resolve issues that were reported during the investigative phase. A conceptual framework was built on the principles of Learning theories and spaced repetition theory. To evaluate this framework experiments were conducted. This was done in the third and final phase of the research which was termed as evaluation phase. Two types of experiments were conducted, first type was in a traditional classroom environment and the second type of experiment was with students who chose to work independently (without tutors). Data were collected and analyzed from these experiments using both quantitative methods and qualitative methods and were analyzed. This research provides insight into causes of errors within referencing tasks of students in higher education. It Indicates that reform in the pedagogy for teaching this skill is needed. Furthermore a unique pedagogy is presented. Results from experiments have indicated that through the proposed operational model improvements of referencing skills have been seen.

Notre sujet de recherche est l'étude du phénomène citationnel dans les titres d'articles de la presse russe contemporaine. Les citations présentes dans les titres renvoient à différentes références culturelles textuelles : des citations d'oeuvres littéraires, d'écrits politiques, de textes de chansons, de titres ou de répliques de films, etc. La présente étude est réalisée sur 25 journaux et magazines des années 2002-2004 touchant un lectorat très large, du fait de leur tirage allant de 50000 à 3 millions d'exemplaires. Nous démontrons dans notre étude que ces citations appartiennent au phénomène appelé dans la langue russe "krylatye slova" (paroles ailées) qui désigne le phénomène des citations courantes. Ce phénomène, qui existe dans d'autres langues, n'a jamais été jusqu'à présent l'objet d'étude en tant que phénomène linguistique et culturel en France. L'utilisation de ces citations courantes, connues d'un large public à une époque donnée, dans un pays donné, est un marqueur d'identification nationale pour les locuteurs, qui n'ont pu avoir accès à la majorité de ces références que par l'exposition à une éducation commune et à une vie dans un champ culturel commun. Notre étude de l'utilisation de ces citations dans les titres d'article de la presse russe contemporaine donne donc un aperçu sur les références qui constituent le fonds culturel commun des Russes d'aujourd'hui. Notre étude propose également un instrument accessible à tous permettant de découvrir et recenser ces références, actualisées à une époque donnée
The subject of our research work is the study of the quotations phenomena that appear in the articles titles of the contemporary russian press. These quotations refer to source texts belonging to different categories of the culture : literary works, political works, songs, movies,... Our research work is based on the analysis of articles published in 25 russian newspapers and magazines, mainly on the period 2002-2004. These newspapers and magazines address a wide public, with prints up to 3 millions. We demonstrate in our work that the quotations that may be found in the article titles are "krylatye slova" (winged words, that is to say usual quotations). This phenomena exist as such in russian and german linguistics but has not been studied until now as a specific phenomena in french linguistics. The usage of winged words, quotations widely known by the general public at a given period of time in a specific country, is a sign of national identification for the speakers, as these quotations refer to cultural knowledge they could acquire only through a common education and exposure to life in the same country. Our work gives an overview of the common cultural references of the contemporary russian people, and proposes a tool, accessible to everybody, to discover these references, actualized at a specific period of time

Dans le champ de la création littéraire arabe contemporaine, la thématique de l’intertextualité comme source de création littéraire touchant le domaine du roman trouve une double origine. D’une part, l’étude des grands romanciers arabes contemporains montre que ces derniers reprennent les récits antérieurs de caractère essentiellement épique, historique et religieux, pour les reproduire dans un style et un contexte romanesque qui leur sont propres, sans pour autant s’éloigner du thème original. D’autre part, la question de l’intertextualité comme source de création littéraire trouve son fondement dans le rôle dévolu à la mémoire et au savoir. Afin de saisir la manière dont ces deux sources sont utilisées, nous allons tenter d’aborder ces questions en analysant les études universitaires et les critiques littéraires actuelles afin de constituer ainsi une argumentation objective. Partant de là, pour cerner la question de l’intertextualité comme source de création littéraire dans le roman arabe contemporain, nous structurerons notre travail en trois parties. La première aura pour titre : « Citations et Références » - ces deux termes posant, par leur juxtaposition, la question de la relation entre la citation intertextuelle et le lecteur. La seconde partie sera intitulée « Allusions et Evocations » - ce couple de termes posant la question de la relation entre l’intertextualité et la mémoire (historique, culturelle) contenue dans la littérature. Enfin, la troisième partie aura pour titre « Reprises et Remaniements » - ces deux termes posant la question de la reprise textuelle et de la relation de dérivation existant entre les textes. Au terme de chaque partie, nous proposerons un récapitulatif des principaux points abordés, en exposant des arguments visant à expliquer l’intérêt de l’intertextualité dans le processus de renouvellement de la création romanesque arabe contemporaine
In the field of contemporary Arabic literature, the theme of intertextuality as the source of novelistic literary creation possesses a double origin. On the one hand, the study of major contemporary Arabic novelists shows that they make use of prior narratives of essentially epic, historical and religious character, reproducing them in a romantic style and context that is entirely their own, but without departing from the original theme. On the other, intertextuality as the source of literary creation takes for its foundation the role played by memory and knowledge. In order to grasp the way in which these two sources are used and why, we are going to approach the question by analyzing university studies and current literary criticism on the subject, thereby constructing an objective argument. Then we will structure our work in three parts. The first will be entitled: “Quotations and References”, a juxtaposition posing the question of the relationship between the intertextual quotation and the reader. The second part will be entitled: “Allusions and Evocations”. This pair of terms will be concerned with the relationship between intertextuality and memory (both historical and cultural), which is contained in the literature. Finally, the third part will be called: “Resumptions and Reorganisations” – these two terms raising the question of textual resumption and the divergent relationship existing between texts

Bibliometry; Citation analysis; Vectorials Spaces Model (VSM); Multidimensional Scaling (MDS); Mapping of Science; Contemporany History
The spatial perfomance of the relationships there are among researchers in Contemporany History of Jaén for 1990-1995 through their behaviour in citing process is the objetive of this work. Through reference analysis bases on Vectorial Spaces Model (VSM) and displayed in a graphic thanks to Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) are obtained results about research fronts, who lead them, who made up them, and the "disciple/master" relationships there are among researchers.

The paper investigates how Information Systems (IS) has emerged as the product of interdisciplinary discourses. The research aim in this study is to better understand diversity in IS research, and the extent to which the diversity of discourse expanded and contracted from 1995 to 2011. Methodologically, we apply a combined citations/co-citations analysis based on the eight Association for Information Systems (AIS) basket journals and the 22 subject-field classification framework provided by the Association of Business Schools (ABS). Our findings suggest that IS is in a state of continuous interaction and competition with other disciplines. General Management was reduced from a dominant position as a reference discipline in IS at the expense of a growing variety of other discourses including Business Strategy, Marketing, and Ethics and Governance among others. Over time, IS as a field moved from the periphery to a central position during its discursive formation. This supports the notion of IS as a fluid discipline dynamically embracing a diverse range of adjacent reference disciplines, whilst keeping a degree of continuing interaction with them. Understanding where IS is currently at allows us to better understand and propose fruitful avenues for its development in both academia and practice.

Darbe pristatomas daugtaškio vartojimas grožiniuose tekstuose. Kadangi skyrybos intonacinis-pauzinis ir prasmės principai vis labiau akcentuojami, tiriama daugtaškio įtaka teksto emociniam ir ekspresiniam atspalviui, intonacijai, prasminiams akcentams, raiškos gyvumui. Tiriamąją medžiagą sudaro pavyzdžiai su 1876 daugtaškiais, pavartotais neoromantizmo atstovės Šatrijos Raganos apysakų rinkinyje „Sename dvare“ ir postmodernistų Renatos Šerelytės romane „Vardas tamsoje“ ir Mariaus Ivaškevičiaus romane „Žali“. Autoriai pasirinkti siekiant palyginti rašymo laikotarpiams (juos skiria šimtmetis), tekstų tipams, pasirinktos literatūros krypčiai būdingą autorinę skyrybą. Teorinės žinios apie daugtaškį lyginamos su realia ženklo vartosena, aiškinamasi, kokias funkcijas tiriamuose tekstuose jis atlieka, aptariami galimi daugtaškio sinonimai. Nemažai dėmesio skiriama vartojimo dažnumo tyrimui statistiniu metodu.
This Master’s thesis presents the use of suspension points in the imaginative texts. As the intonation pause and meaning principles of punctuation are more and more emphasized, the influence of suspension points has been analyzed from the point of the emotional and expressive shade, intonation, meaningful focus, vividness of expression. The research material consists of 1876 examples of suspension points used in the collection of stories “In an Old Manor” by Satrijos Ragana and in the novels of post-modern writers: “The Name in the Darkness” by Renata Serelyte and the novel “The Greens” by Marius Ivaskevicius. The authors have been chosen aiming to compare the authors’ punctuation characteristic to the writing periods (the difference between them is one hundred years), types of the texts, and the chosen trend in literature. The theoretical knowledge about the suspension points have been compared with the real use of the punctuation mark, it has been targeted to ascertain what are the functions of this punctuation mark in the analyzed texts, the possible synonyms of suspension points have been discussed in the thesis. Great attention has been paid to the analysis of the usage frequency applying statistical method.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender a dinâmica de pesquisa expressa por meio das teses nos programas de pós-graduação consolidados em Ciência da Informação no Brasil defendidas no período de 2007 a 2016. Como objetivos específicos constitui o corpus de citações por programa, categoriza as linhas de pesquisa por programas, analisa os referentes teóricos mais citados por instituição e no conjunto de instituições, identifica a frente de pesquisa desses programas e as tendências por núcleo de pesquisadores, temáticas, áreas interfaces, distribuição geográfica e analisa os referentes teóricos comuns nas teses dos programas de pós-graduação por meio do acoplamento bibliográfico. Adota como pressuposto que a Ciência da Informação, como área de conhecimento incipiente, tem como interesse investigar o conhecimento da sua própria área e refletir sobre seu campo. Identifica 23 programas de pós-graduação em Ciência da Informação no Brasil, dos quais analisa as cinco instituições representadas pelos programas de Ciência da Informação da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/Marília), Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia (IBICT), com convênio à Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) e Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Analisa o conjunto de referências presentes nas cinco instituições, considerando como universo de pesquisa as teses. Adota procedimentos cientométricos e bibliométricos, especialmente os estudos de citações e a análise relacional de citações, por permitirem conhecer os pesquisadores mais influentes e mostrarem as inter-relações evidenciadas na área. A partir dos dados analisa as configurações da pesquisa científica socialmente construída e sua dinâmica na área. Desenvolve estudos que mapeiam o campo científico em associação com análises epistemológicas, críticas e históricas, a fim de compreender o universo estudado de forma mais plena e aprofundada. Considera que autocrítica da prática de citações contribui para aperfeiçoar a qualidade da pesquisa e do campo de conhecimento.
This research aims to understand the dynamics of research expressed through theses in the postgraduate programs consolidated in Information Science in Brazil defended in the period from 2007 to 2016. As specific objectives it constitutes the corpus of citations by program, categorizes the lines of research by programs, analyzes the theoretical referents most cited by institution and in the set of institutions, identifies the research front of these programs and the trends by nucleus of researchers, thematic, interfaces areas, geographical distribution and analyzes the common theoretical references in the theses to postgraduate programs through the bibliographic coupling. It adopts as a presupposition that the Information Science, as an area of incipient knowledge, has as interest to investigate the knowledge of its own area and reflect on its field. It identifies 23 postgraduate programs in Information Science in Brazil, which analyzes the five institutions represented by the Information Science programs of the University of São Paulo (USP), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), University of Brasília (UnB), Paulista State University (UNESP/Marília), Brazilian Institute of Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), agreement with the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) and Fluminense Federal University (UFF). It analyzes the set of references present in the five institutions, considering as a research universe the doctoral theses. It adopts scientometrics and bibliometrics procedures, especially the citation studies and the relational analysis of citations, since they allow to know the most influential researchers and to show the interrelations evidenced in the area. From the data analyzes the configurations of socially constructed scientific research and its dynamics in the area. It develops studies that map the scientific field in association with epistemological, critical and historical analyzes, in order to understand the studied universe in a fuller and deeper way. It considers that self-criticism of the practice of citations helps to improve the quality of research and the field of knowledge.

My research focusses on the automatic extraction of canonical references from publications in Classics. Such references are the standard way of citing classical texts and are found in great numbers throughout monographs, journal articles and commentaries. In chapters 1 and 2 I argue for the importance of canonical citations and for the need to capture them automatically. Their importance and function is to signal text passages that are studied and discussed, often in relation to one another as can be seen in parallel passages found in modern commentaries. Scholars in the field have long been exploiting this kind of information by manually creating indexes of cited passages, the so-called indices locorum. However, the challenge we now face is find new ways of indexing and retrieving information contained in the growing volume of digital archives and libraries. Chapters 3 and 4 look at how this problem can be tackled by translating the extraction of canonical citations into a computationally solvable problem. The approach I developed consists of treating the extraction of such citations as a problem of named entity extraction. This problem can be solved with some degree of accuracy by applying and adapting methods of Natural Language Processing. In this part of the dissertation I discuss the implementation of this approach as a working prototype and an evaluation of its performance. Once canonical references have been extracted from texts, the web of relations between documents that they create can be represented as a network. This network can then be searched, manipulated, visualised and analysed in various ways. In chapter 5 I focus specifically on how this network can be leveraged to search through bodies of secondary literature. Finally in chapter 6 I discuss how my work opens up new research perspectives in terms of visualisation, analysis and the application of such automatically extracted citation networks.

This master's thesis describes principles of full text search engines, design and implementation of web application for referencing and full text searching in PDF documents. It also contains an overview and comparison with currently available reference management software. There are discussed bibliographic information export possibilities in various citation styles and formats. Final application is written in PHP scripting language and uses MySQL database.

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The Competitive Intelligence (CI) is a systematic and ethical process of collection, storage and information analysis so that Organizations can obtain the competitive advantage in their businesses. For the application of this process, the CI is represented in a cycle which contains the phases of identification of necessities; planning; collections; analysis; dissipation and evaluation. The information volume to be collected and analyzed, the urgency to obtain results and the complexity of the studies of the CI, all point to the importance of the use of computer tools that support this activity. This research proposes a methodology to identify a tool that would facilitate the activities of the CI collectors and analysts, especially in the information extraction of texts needed in the transition between the phases of collection and analyses. The exploratory descriptive research was the methodology used in this work, divided into two parts: the theoretical methodology and the experimental. The first was applied to identify potential collaborating tools for the complete CI cycle and to extract information between the phases of collection and analysis. The second, to select and validate a tool (software). The tool selected was the software Zotero, which acts as an administration of bibliographica and citations reference. To validate this tool, an experiment was elaborated which contained two simulations involving the collection and extraction of information with and without the use of such tool. Two CI teams particpated in the simulations: one from Manaus and the other from São Carlos, with a total of 6 collects and 1 analyst. As a result, it was possible to identify that the software Zotero supports collectors and analysts in realizing the activities in the phases of collection and analysis.
A Inteligência Competitiva (IC) é um processo sistemático e ético de coletar, armazenar e analisar informações para que as Organizações obtenham vantagem competitiva em seus negócios. Para a aplicação deste processo, a IC é representada por um ciclo contendo as fases de identificação das necessidades, planejamento, coleta, análise, disseminação e avaliação. O volume de informações a serem coletadas e analisadas, a urgência para obtenção dos resultados e a complexidade dos estudos de IC apontam para a importância do uso de ferramentas computacionais de apoio à atividade. Esta pesquisa propõe uma metodologia para identificar uma ferramenta que facilitasse as atividades de coletores e analistas de IC, especificamente na extração de informações de textos necessária na transição entre as fases de coleta e análise. A pesquisa exploratória descritiva foi a metodologia utilizada neste trabalho, dividida em duas partes: a metodologia teórica e a experimental. A primeira foi empregada para identificar potenciais ferramentas colaborativas para o ciclo completo de IC e para a extração de informação entre as fases da coleta e da análise. A segunda para selecionar e validar uma ferramenta (software). A ferramenta selecionada foi o software Zotero, que atua como gestor de referências bibliográficas e citações. Para validar a ferramenta foi elaborado um experimento contendo duas simulações envolvendo a coleta e extração de informação com e sem o uso da ferramenta. Participaram das simulações duas equipes de IC, uma de Manaus e outra de São Carlos, num total de 6 coletores e 1 analista. Como resultado foi possível identificar que o software Zotero apóia coletores e analistas nas atividades que realizaram nas fases da coleta e da análise.

Das Dokument bietet einen Vergleich von sechs Literaturverwaltungsprogrammen - Zotero, Citavi, Mendeley, RefWorks, EndNote und JabRef. Es wurden Versionen mit Stand 06/2018 getestet. Folgende Kriterien finden Berücksichtigung: Allgemeines und Installation, Import- / Exportvarianten, Dateneingabe und -bearbeitung, Anzeige und Suche, Zitieren und Literaturlisten, Kooperation, Wissensorganisation, Besonderheiten und Support. Der Vergleich schließt mit einer Gesamtbewertung der Stärken und Schwächen und gibt zielgruppenspezifische Auswahlempfehlungen.

After completing this interactive tutorial the user will be able to complete a proper American Psychological Association (APA) reference for a book or journal article. This flash tutorial requires a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher.

After completing this interactive tutorial you will be able to create a proper American Psychological Association (APA) reference for a webpage. This flash tutorial requires a screen resolution of 1024 x 768 or higher.

碩士
國立交通大學
資訊學院碩士在職專班數位圖書資訊組
99
The analysis of journal usage has always been an important research topic in Library and Information Science. Various methods have been used by the libraries to understand the usage of journal papers. Citation analysis of references of research publications is a user-oriented method which may efficiently show the actual demand of journal resource. However, it used to require a lot of time and effort to collect, organize, and analyze the information, which resulted in a heavy burden on this kind of research. Based on the metrological analysis of the references of dissertations and theses, a System of Citation Analysis of Journal Papers (SCAJ) is proposed. The system is divided into 6 modules: system module, module of journal titles, citation module, module of statistic inventories of journals, partaking module, and statistic module. Through SCAJ, users can get the information about the categories of literatures and citation times of English journal papers. Furthermore, users can enter journal lists and self-set weighting index to do extending citation analysis. The final outcome is statistics that are worth referring to and can be used to evaluate the usage of journals by the libraries. SCAJ solves the problem caused by confusing and disordered references and reduces the cost of labor and time. The utility rate and citation frequency of journal papers and can be precisely estimated by using SCAJ to analyze the references of dissertations and these.