Academic literature on the topic 'Cited cause'
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Journal articles on the topic "Cited cause"
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Anonymous. "BLOOD DEFICIENCY CAUSE CITED." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 12, no. 1 (1986): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-19860101-16.
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Dunwoodie, S. L., S. L. Withington, D. B. Sparrow, A. N. Scott, J. I. Preis, and J. Michalicek. "016.Role of cited genes in placental morphogenesis: studies in null mutant mice." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 9 (2004): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb04abs016.
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Cited1 and Cited2 interact with CBP and p300. CBP/p300 bind numerous proteins and evidence exists, for Cited2 at least, that Cited binding prevents the binding of other proteins to CBP/p300. Since CBP/p300 interact with many proteins, can acetylate protein and DNA, and act as a ubiquitin ligase, it is likely that Cited1 and Cited2 function at a number of sites during development. We have generated mice that carry a null mutant allele for each of these genes. Analysis of null mutant embryos demonstrates that both Cited1 and Cited2 are required for normal embryonic development and survival. Although both Cited1 and Cited2 are expressed in the developing embryo and placenta, it appears that abnormal placental development and function is the cause of embryonic death. The defect that develops in the placentas of Cited1 null mutants is not apparent until late in gestation (16.5dpc). Cited1 null mutants are smaller than controls at birth and die during the early postnatal period. The placentas of these mutants are disorganised, with spongiotrophoblasts projecting in to the labyrinthine layer. In addition, resin casts of the maternal blood spaces within these placentas revealed extremely enlarged blood sinuses. We are searching for factors that could result in the increased size of the maternal blood sinuses. Cited2 null placentas and embryos are significantly smaller than controls; mutants die 3/4 the way through gestation (15.5dpc). The null mutant placentas have proportionally fewer spongiotrophoblasts, trophoblast giant cells and invasive trophoblasts. In addition, resin casts of fetal vasculature of the placenta reveal that the capillary network is underdeveloped. Through the isolation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells we are exploring the possibility that TS cell proliferation and/or differentiation is impaired due to a lack of Cited2. We suspect that the development of the phenotype may relate to the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1a (HIF1a) transcription factor as Cited2 expression is induced by HIF1 and it acts to negatively regulate its activity.
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Falae, Adebola, William Robinson, and William R. Robinson. "Distress factors in the determination of palliative care for ethnically diverse women with gynecologic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 29_suppl (2015): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.29_suppl.16.
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16 Background: Versions of the Distress Thermometer have been used and validated widely, but studies of ethnically diverse populations has been limited. A modifed version of the Thermometer is used to understand factors affecting an African American(AA), inner-city population in order to improve access and utilization of palliative care services in a large, ethnically diverse metropolitan area. Methods: A cross-sectional study of women recieving cancer therapy in New Orleans, LA in 2013-14 was conducted. Subjects completed modified Distress Thermometer surveys which captured levels of distress and assessed predefined factors that could impact distress.Demographics were collected, and descriptive and comparative analyses were performed. Results: 49 Caucasian and 34 AA subjects were analyzed. Overall distress rating distributions were similar between the two groups. AA subjects cited family factors as a cause of distress more often than Causasians. (p < 0.006) AA subjects were also more likely to indicate difficulty with partners and overall lack of support as stressing factors than Caucasians. In subjects who reported distress scores greater than 4, AA subjects cited emotional and physical factors more frequently than Caucasians as a cause for distress. (p < 0.05) 11.11% AA subjects vs 3.57% Caucasians cited spiritual factors as a cause of distress. Conclusions: AA women with gynecologic cancer are more likely to cite familial, emotional, physical and perhaps spiritual factors as factors affecting distress than Caucasian women. These findings could be used to target Palliative Care resources more effectively in an ethnically diverse population.
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Kayyal, Mary H., and Sherri C. Widen. "What Made Sahar Scared?: Imaginary and Realistic Causes in Palestinian and American Children’s Concept for Fear." Journal of Cognition and Culture 15, no. 1-2 (2015): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12342139.
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Young children associate fear with monsters, ghosts, and other imaginary creatures more than with real threats to safety, such as robbers or bullies – at least in Western societies. Cross-cultural studies are rare, are limited to older children, and have not asked if the role of the imagination extends to emotions other than fear. In this study, young Palestinian and American children (60 in each group, 3–7 years, age- and sex-matched) were asked to tell stories in which they generated a cause for fear as well as happiness, sadness, anger and surprise. Imaginary creatures were rarely cited as the cause of any emotion other than fear, but were cited frequently for fear by both Palestinians and Americans. There was also a cultural difference: Palestinians generated significantly fewer imaginary and more realistic causes for fear than did Americans. Thus, imaginary causes are a part of Palestinian children’s fear concept, but imaginary causes are not primary as they are for American children; for Palestinian children, realistic causes are primary in their fear concept.
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David Cubitt, W. "A Review of the Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Waterborne Viral Infections." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 2 (1991): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0057.
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A review of advances in our understanding of the significance of viruses as a cause of waterborne infections is presented. Emphasis is placed on problems associated with failures in water supply systems and the hazards of consuming raw or inadequately cooked molluscan shellfish. Recent developments in laboratory methods for the diagnosis of infections caused by the édiarrhoeal viruses are discussed and many papers cited for further reference.
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Marin, Luis, Raymond Rowan, Ana Mantilla, Bamidele Olupona, and Ann MacIntyre. "Lower-Extremity Infections Caused by Serratia marcescens." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 107, no. 3 (2017): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/15-180.
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Serratia marcescens is a ubiquitous, facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus that has been cited to cause infection in immunocompromised populations. In the literature, S marcescens infections of the lower extremity have presented as granulomatous ulceration, abscess, bullous cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Herein we present a series of three cases of lower-extremity infections in which S marcescens was the sole or a contributing pathogen. We discuss the commonalities of these three cases as well as with those previously cited. All three patients presented with some combination of a similar set of clinical characteristics, including bullae formation, liquefactive necrosis, and black necrotic eschar. All three patients were diabetic and had peripheral vascular disease.
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Singh, Gautam Bir, Ravinder Chauhan, Deepak Kumar, Rubeena Arora, and Shruti Ranjan. "Lithium Battery Ingestion: An Unusual Cause of Bilateral Cord Palsy." Case Reports in Otolaryngology 2015 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/790830.
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Bilateral vocal cord palsy is a rare but life threatening complication of lithium battery ingestion in children. This complication is mostly missed by otorhinolaryngologists due to lack of awareness on the cited subject. We present one such rare case in an infant, where the clinical presentation was found to be unique but hitherto unreported in the medical literature. This clinical record discusses this case in light of the scant current medical literature on the subject and highlights the importance of cautious monitoring of patients presenting with signs of respiratory distress after lithium battery removal.
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Rodriguez, Barbara L., and Lesley B. Olswang. "Mexican-American and Anglo-American Mothers’ Beliefs and Values About Child Rearing, Education, and Language Impairment." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12, no. 4 (2003): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2003/091).
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This study investigated the cross-cultural and intracultural diversity of mothers’ beliefs and values regarding child rearing, education, and the causes of language impairment. Thirty Mexican-American and 30 Anglo-American mothers of children with language impairments completed 2 questionnaires, and 10 randomly selected mothers from each group participated in an interview. In addition, the Mexican-American mothers completed an acculturation rating scale. Results indicated that Mexican-American mothers held more strongly traditional, authoritarian, and conforming educational and child rearing beliefs and values than Anglo-American mothers. Mexican-American mothers cited extrinsic attributes as the cause of their children’s language impairment, whereas Anglo-American mothers cited intrinsic attributes. Mexican-American mothers exhibited differences in their beliefs that were related to their level of acculturation to the mainstream culture.
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Reinstein, Alan, James R. Hasselback, Mark E. Riley, and David H. Sinason. "Pitfalls of Using Citation Indices for Making Academic Accounting Promotion, Tenure, Teaching Load, and Merit Pay Decisions." Issues in Accounting Education 26, no. 1 (2011): 99–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/iace.2011.26.1.99.
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ABSTRACT: With the advent of computerized data searches, the number of accounting programs that use citation analysis to measure faculty members’ research productivity has increased—often believing that this methodology offers relevant or reliable data for tenure, promotion, teaching load, and merit pay decisions. But such “objective” bases often ignore such factors as which journals to count, the effect of co-authorships, and article quality. Reliance on such citations can also cause “uneven playing fields” within the accounting discipline as well as among accounting and other areas or departments within schools of business. After reviewing the relevant literature, we present the results of a survey asking accomplished authors about the factors that make them more or less likely to cite an article. Since the process of counting citations focuses on quantity issues (as all citations “count” equally regardless of the citation’s importance to the research article and the reasons for making the citation), we examine some quality issues that lead to authors citing others’ research findings. The survey results indicate that, while citations often are based on the quality of the cited work, other factors less indicative of quality, such as authorship by a friend or colleague and publication in a U.S. journal, help to determine which relevant works are cited or not cited. We also suggest other measures to assess research quality to supplement or replace citation counts.
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Rees, Chris A., Lois K. Lee, Eric W. Fleegler, and Rebekah Mannix. "Mass School Shootings in the United States: A Novel Root Cause Analysis Using Lay Press Reports." Clinical Pediatrics 58, no. 13 (2019): 1423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009922819873650.
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School shootings comprise a small proportion of childhood deaths from firearms; however, these shootings receive a disproportionately large share of media attention. We conducted a root cause analysis of 2 recent school shootings in the United States using lay press reports. We reviewed 1760 and analyzed 282 articles from the 10 most trusted news sources. We identified 356 factors associated with the school shootings. Policy-level factors, including a paucity of adequate legislation controlling firearm purchase and ownership, were the most common contributing factors to school shootings. Mental illness was a commonly cited person-level factor, and access to firearms in the home and availability of large-capacity firearms were commonly cited environmental factors. Novel approaches, including root cause analyses using lay media, can identify factors contributing to mass shootings. The policy, person, and environmental factors associated with these school shootings should be addressed as part of a multipronged effort to prevent future mass shootings.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Cited cause"
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Carlsson, Caroline, and Julia Lindesson. "Är det skäligt? : En studie kring skäl vid överklagade bygglov." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för data-, elektro- och lantmäteriteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9859.
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I den rådande bostadsbristen har en del av samhällsdebatten handlat om att effektivisera bygglovsprocessen och mer specifikt möjligheten att överklaga bygglov. Förslag som framkommit i förarbeten till plan- och bygglagen (PBL) är bland annat att begränsa vad som får överklagas och vem som har rätt att överklaga ett bygglovsbeslut samt att avgiftsbelägga överklaganden. Då förarbetena endast bygger på generell statistik saknas kunskap kring vad den klagande parten anför för skäl vid ett överklagande. Det saknas även redovisning kring vilka skäl som vinner störst framgång hos länsstyrelsen genom att ärenden återförvisas eller upphävs. Syftet med studien är att skapa förståelse kring överklagade bygglov samt vilken funktion länsstyrelsen fyller som överklagandeinstans. Huvudmålet är att utreda skälen bakom överklagade bygglov samt undersöka vilka av de anförda skälen som har störst framgång för de klagande hos länsstyrelsen. För att uppfylla syftet har tre frågeställningar besvarats. Vilka skäl som anförs av klagande part? Med vilka skäl upphäver och återförvisar länsstyrelsen kommunernas beslut? I vilken grad överensstämmer skälen anförda av klagande med de skäl länsstyrelsen upphäver eller återförvisar ärenden? En kvantitativ innehållsanalys har tillämpats tillsammans med juridisk metod för att kunna uttolka och klassificera skälen. För att sammanställa och analysera resultatet användes statistisk analys. Totalt har 274 överklagade beslutshandlingar granskats och resulterat i 197 handlingar som ansågs representativa för studien. Granskningen resulterade vidare i 77 kategorier med skäl anförda av klagande part. De skäl som anförts flest gånger av klagande part var att åtgärden medförde betydande olägenhet, stred mot detaljplan eller påverkade omgivningen negativt med hänsyn till exempelvis stads- och landskapsbild samt kulturvärden på platsen. Vidare anfördes även frekvent att grannehörande ej hade skett eller att det funnits brister i bygglovshandlingarna. Skäl som inte berörde den sökta åtgärden, så kallade okynnesskäl, var också ett av de vanligaste skälen anförda av klagade part. Det överlägset vanligaste skälet för upphävande var att åtgärden strider mot detaljplan och inte var att betrakta som en liten avvikelse. För återförvisade ärenden var de vanligaste skälen för länsstyrelsens beslut att grannehörande ej hade skett samt att byggnadsnämnden brustit i sin motivering. Totalt överensstämde anförda skäl av klagande och länsstyrelsens skäl för upphävande eller återförvisning i 47 % av fallen. Sammantaget var de största framgångsfaktorerna skäl som berör planstridigheter eller brister i byggnadsnämndens hantering av bygglovsärenden. Som helhet ansågs länsstyrelsen fylla en viktig roll som tillsynsmyndighet och borde därmed inte uteslutas ur instanskedjan.<br>In the current housing crisis, part of the social debate has been focused on streamlining the building permit process, and more specifically the ability to appeal a building permit. Proposals that emerged in the legislative history is to limit what and who has the right to appeal a building permit decision and the possibility to charge for the appeals. As the legislative history is only based on general statistics there is a lack of knowledge about what the complainant confided as reasons for the appeal. Nor is there any recognition on the grounds that wins the greatest success with the provincial government by matters referred back or canceled. The purpose of the study is to create a better understanding about the contested building permits and the function the provincial government fills as the appeal court. The main objective is to investigate the reasons behind the contested building permits, and investigate which of the arguments that have the greatest success for the complainants. To fulfill the purpose three questions were answered. What are the reasons invoked by the appellant? With what the reasons cancels and remits the provincial government municipal decisions? To what degree do the reasons cited by the complainant correspond with the reasons the provincial government cancels or refers cases? A quantitative content analysis was applied together with the legal method to interpret and classify the reasons. A statistical method has been used to compile and present the results. A total of 274 contested decision documents were reviewed and resulted in 197 documents considered as representative for the study. The review resulted in 77 categories of reasons cited by the complainants. The most common reasons were: significant inconvenience, the measure is contrary to the local plan, city- and landscape, cultural heritage and good overall effect is adversely affected, the neighbor hearing has not occurred, that there have been shortcomings in the documents and frivolous reasons. By far the most common reasons for the cancellation was that the measure is contrary to local plan and was not considered to be a little deviation. The most common reasons for the provincial government to remit cases were that the neighbor hearing had not occurred and that the building committee failed in its justification of the decision. Reasons cited by the complainant and the provincial governments reasons for the suspension or referral was consistent in 47% of the cases. Overall, the biggest success factors to cited reasons involving measures who is contrary to local plan or defects in the building committees' handling of building permits. As a whole the provincial government are considered to play an important role as a regulator and should therefore not be excluded from the instance chain.
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Quiroz, IneÌs Arroyo. "Developing countries and the implementation of CITES : a case study of Mexico in the international reptile skin trade." Thesis, University of Kent, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404519.
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Williams, Richard (Richard S. ). 1958-2001. "An Attributional Analysis of the Causes Cited by Junior High School Band Directors for Success and Failure at U.I.L. Concert/Sightreading Contest and Their Attitudes Towards Contest." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500615/.
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The reasons given by thirty-three junior high school band directors for success and failure at the University Interscholastic League Concert/Sightreading Contest were studied using the methodology of Attribution Theory. All of the subjects attended the same contest and were members of a region which included urban and suburban schools. The subjects responded to a questionnaire which evaluated their attitudes towards the contest, allowed them to make judgments about other directors in hypothetical contest situations, and finally asked them to list the five most important reasons for their success or failure at the contest in an open-response format.
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Jansson, Lina. "How to stop the African elephant population from extermination; Causes, Achievements and Consequences." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-747.
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<p>Humans’ hunting for ivory has had a serious impact of the African elephant population. Ivory has throughout history been a symbol of manhood and status. As the market of ivory expanded to the rest of the world, the market demand for ivory became higher than what the elephants could manage to provide. In the 1980’s, the African elephant population was threatened by extension and it was reduced with 50 percent in ten years. For this reason, CITES placed the African elephant population under a ban, which made it an illegal act to trade ivory and other elephant parts.</p>
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Liu, Ching-Lung, and 劉清榮. "International Environmental Law and the Participation of Non-Governmental Organizations: Using CITES As A Case Study." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04270223498637680771.
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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>環境政策研究所<br>93<br>Environmental issue is one of the common concerns of humankind. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) grew rapidly since the 70’ in the history of environmental movement, and are now prominent and essential actors that can influence the process and operations of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs). This dissertation focuses on the approach and model that NGOs participate in MEAs, and tries to find out the context and nature of NGOs’ participation by theoretical analysis and empirical inquiry.
The methodologies employed are literature review, in-depth interview and case study. The dissertation attempts to construct a model of NGOs participation by utilizing the following NGOs participation theories: position of traditional international law, the policy-making structure of policy-oriented international law and function-oriented NGOs participation theories.
In the case of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), NGOs can participate CITES conferences as observers and the Secretariat can also form partnership with NGOs. The purpose of such cooperation is to gather essential information provide by NGOs in order to strengthen the integrity of the CITES information system. In addition, the activitieis of NGOs promote the effectiveness of the convention directly or indirectly by influencing the policy-making process, assisting the implementation and enforcement of the Convention, and monitoring compliance of the contracting parties.
International NGOs such as IUCN, WWF and TRAFFIC play a very important role in the CITES regime. TRAFFIC Taipei and SWAN International become a nexus between CITES and Taiwan, and advance the implementation and enforcement of CITES in a non-party country: Taiwan. Because governments are unwilling or unable to solve environmental issue, NGOs must penetrate into MEAs more actively, and must have sufficient resources and strategies to participate more effectively in order to enhance the effectiveness of MEAs.
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Liao, Yu-pei, and 廖育珮. "A Research on Dynamic Capability Development of Organization─A case study of Cite Publishing Holding Group." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74856973919569243277.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>傳播研究所<br>94<br>The competitiveness is one of the motive sources of firms to grows up continuously, core capability is essential for enterprise to survive in the environment of the competition. However, core capability has characteristic of organizing the special quality, it is only in organization under a specific environment that this capability could create the economic profit which other enterprises can't obtain. Organization’s capability often evolve with time, this evolution emerge in different ways depending on the specification of technique, the intension of external market competition, and the characteristics of internal organizational management. This means a firm cannot sustain its competition advantage with its primary capability; a continuous development of new capability is required.
In recent years, because Publishing industry in Taiwan faces changing with capitalization and globalization, and the impact of information technology, so this research on the case study to the Cite Publishing Holding Group will explore how organization creates and refines the capability , in order to maintain the competitiveness.
This research discover that the tactics goal of organization decide capability to develop; The formulation of the tactics goal is to detect the external environmental trend and threaten. Achievement of tactics goal of organization is that through deploy specific resource to obtain different capabilities.The capabilities of supporting the development of tactics is gradually and accumulated ; In addition, the leader play an important role to expand the company’s scale and gain financial resource; In moderately dynamic markets of publication, dynamic capability of organization are embedded in experience of running media. In high-velocity dynamic market, dynamic capabilities rely extensively on the ways of simple and experimental to accumulate the knowledge and experience of Internet.
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Hau, Yi-Ching, and 郝逸清. "The study of the relationship between selling performance and publishing strategies: a case study of cite publishing." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qe57pk.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>經濟學研究所<br>107<br>In Taiwan, open information of domestic publishing house is absent due to its nature of being unlisted company: private interview and questionnaire were the two major data sources of the related research. In this paper, we collect information about a selected publisher, cite publishing holding group, from the open data of “ Book Your Life” to analyze each publishing house’s publishing strategy to understand the relationship between selling performance and publishing strategies. We employ bestselling index to measure selling performance of publishing house and use HHI index to observe the publishing concentration of each publishing house. Our evidence demonstrates the improvement of selling performance caused by the decentralization of book types. Moreover, the popularity of the main type of published book affects selling performance of the publishing house.
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Huang, Ya-ling, and 黃雅菱. "A Study of Businesses Acquiring Government R&D Subsidies: A Case Study of Conventional Industry Technology Development (CITD)." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53738205100887434290.
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碩士<br>國立中山大學<br>人力資源管理研究所<br>99<br>To improve Taiwan''s competitiveness, Taiwan''s government actively encourages businesses to commit to innovative R&D activities by implementing R&D subsidies and incentives. They hope to accumulate intellectual capitals and nurture enough technical professionals to promote industrial upgrades and stimulate economic development. When applying for R&D subsidy, the application must go through the proper approval process. Approved applications will be awarded with substantial financial assistance to fuel further innovations such that R&D subsidy has become critical to many companies.
This study used the "Conventional Industry Technology Development"(CITD) as an example and classifies the R&D subsidy applications for analysis based on the 5 variables: company''s basic information, program type, commitment to R&D, past experience in applying for R&D subsidy, and strategic alliance with other institutions. Logistic regression is expected to sum up factors that are significant in obtaining R&D subsidies and formulate a predictive model. This enables the government to re-examine its policies and understand the conventional manufacturers'' commitment to R&D. Furthermore, the study may assist the companies to assess their chances in obtaining R&D subsidies and serve as a reference for future endeavors.
The study suggests that the factors most critical for companies to obtain R&D subsidies are the number of employees, capital size, number of government subsidies already obtained, number of companies non-R&D outsourced to, whether R&D intensity has increased for the past 2 years, and whether R&D funding has increased for the past 2 years. Although plan''s duration and non-R&D outsourced dollar amount may have some influence, their impact was not obvious in the model.
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Ting, Lin-An, and 林安定. "The study of the entry strategy for investment in Mainland China and cites options －The case study of Suzhou Sanyo semiconductor company." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95834992459774044334.
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碩士<br>國立雲林科技大學<br>企業管理系碩士班<br>92<br>The industrial environment in Taiwan changes tremendously, including the increase of land and labor cost, as well as the elevation of environmental awareness. Enterprises are getting more difficulties to do business. Simultaneously, Mainland China is taking more open economic policies which make China market has a deep domestic market that attract Taiwan enterprises to invest in the new market. There’re many IT enterprises transfer investments to Mainland China with different entry modes. Some are with perfect performance but others aren’t. Most Japanese enterprises close the subsidiary in Taiwan, and enter the new market in Mainland China directly by parent company in Japan.
This research emphasizes how Japan Sanyo semiconductor company takes the subsidiary in Taichung as the stepping-stone to the Mainland China market. Because the short culture distance, shared language and race between the two countries. We investigate the performance from three production sites in Mainland China. Also we use Sanyo in Taichung to exemplify how could the subsidiary become the parent factory of the China market. In the aspect of assessing the investment environment, the author uses personal experience to record the whole process truly and detailed in order to externalize the tacit knowledge.
This study analyzes how the Sanyo semiconductor company takes offshore subsidiaries and subsidiary in Taichung as the stepping-stones to the Mainland China market in the cause of shortening the culture distance, decreasing cost, and entering the market quickly. Otherwise, we discuss the distinctions between different entry modes and location options in the Mainland China market. The objects of the study include Shekou Sanyo, Dongguan Sanyo, Suzhou Sanyo, and Taichung Sanyo.
In the first stage has been cited the related literatures Among FDI theories. Secondly, we use case study to consider how the strategy changes in order to transform from offshore subsidiary, assess the Mainland China market, choose location, and make decisions. Thirdly, we use in-depth interview to explore the different decision factors between locations options and environment assessing
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Luo, Fei-Chi, and 羅斐琦. "Research of Integrating Case Method with Life Education in Junior High ---- Cite civic discipline of “recognize difference” and “respect and concern” an instance." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qu8pbu.
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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>公共事務與公民教育學系<br>105<br>Recognition and identification to life issues in Taiwan nowadays have differed from traditional ones ,result from the higher occurrence of criminal events such as suiciding, bullying, and rampage killing. In the meantime, the attitude toward life and death has also turned from “involving-free” into “considering-deep”. Hence modern civic education should base on recognition difference to raise individuals who respect and care differences: not only knowing the meaning of life, but really putting it into practice in life.
As a teacher and a tutor in junior high educational stage, the importance for junior high students to learn the respect and care of life by recognizing differences among careers through the practice of life education in school is deeply recognized. In the light of this, this research attempts to take “Departures” as a case method to integrate life education into vacant curriculum, to help students be willing to reverse their stereotype to discuss of life and death, to change the concept of afraid of facing death, furthermore, to learn to respect and care about different living groups.
This research bases on the theory ground of case method, uses recognize difference, respect and care as indicators, to survey students learning results through action research. Within the researching process, students’ feedbacks, experience sharing, researcher’s self-recorded teaching log, records of student interview will be sorted and summed up for data analyzing of qualitative research.
Books on the topic "Cited cause"
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Bastelaer, Béatrice van. Villes virtuelles: Entre communauté et cité : analyse de cas. Harmattan, 2000.
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Laé, Jean-François. L' argent des pauvres: La vie quotidienne en cité de transit. Editions du Seuil, 1985.
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Numa, Murard, ed. L' argent des pauvres: La vie qoutidienne en cité de transit. Éditions du Seuil, 1985.
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Cros, Françoise. Brouillon de culture, desseins d'école: Partenariat culturel entre l'école et la cité : un exemple, la ville d'Oullins (Rhône). Syros/Alternatives, 1989.
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Jones, Lloyd M., Wayne W. Zhang, SreyRam Kuy, and Tze-Woei Tan. Endovascular Aneurysm Repair and Outcomes in Patients Unfit for Open Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Edited by SreyRam Kuy, Wayne Zhang, and Tze-Woei Tan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199384075.003.0004.
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This randomized controlled trial, the endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) trial 2, compared outcomes of EVAR and medical management of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients who were deemed high risk and unfit for open repair. Three hundred thirty-eight patients were enrolled and randomized to undergo either EVAR or medical therapy alone. Endpoints were all-cause mortality, aneurysm-related mortality, quality of life, postoperative complications, and hospital costs. Although there was some cross-over between groups and this has been cited as a limitation of this study, there was no statistical difference in all-cause mortality between the two groups. With longer follow-up (median 3.1 years), there was a reduction in aneurysm-related mortality with endovascular repairs. There was no statistical difference in health-related quality of life; however, there was a higher cost associated with EVAR.
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Burhenn, Peggy S. Delirium. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190204709.003.0007.
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This chapter provides an overview of delirium, differentiating among hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed subtypes. Delirium is a common, serious medical problem that is underrecognized by healthcare providers. Evidence suggests that frequent assessment of patients can result in increased recognition of delirium, which will allow for earlier intervention. Limited data are available on effective interventions for delirium once it begins; however, proactive prevention strategies have been successful. Various screening tools are recommended to identify patients with delirium. The multiple predisposing and precipitating factors that can complicate determining the cause are explored. There is a review of the assessment and interventions for delirium management and prevention protocols that target its risk factors, as well as a brief discussion of the principles of pharmacological management and previously cited recommendations. Education of staff, patients, and family members is vital.
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Wong, Victoria S. S., and Martin Salinsky. Neurological and Medical Factors. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0004.
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This chapter addresses the neurological and medical factors associated with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). PNES can occur concurrently with epilepsy in 5 to 20% of patients. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of epilepsy, but it is also commonly cited by patients with PNES as the primary cause of their seizures. PNES are also overrepresented in patients with intellectual and learning disabilities. Patients with PNES usually have additional subjective neurological and medical complaints. Pain complaints are overrepresented in patients with PNES and are a major contributor to health care use. Cognitive complaints are also common, with a patient’s mood playing a larger role than objective cognitive dysfunction. Medically unexplained symptoms such as fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome are overrepresented in patients with PNES. Their occurrence increases the likelihood of diagnosing PNES over epilepsy. These observations reveal a complex pattern of susceptibility to the development of PNES. PNES are thus best viewed as only one symptom of a heterogeneous disorder characterized by multiple physical symptoms used to express psychological distress.
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Raymonde, Séchet, ed. Université, droit de cité--. PUR, Presses universitaires Rennes, 1994.
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Yuill, Gordon, and Simon Millar. International outreach. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0055.
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One dead every minute. The stark reality is that somewhere between 382,910 and 437,860 women worldwide died from a direct or indirect childbirth-related cause in 1990. This is an astonishing figure that eclipses the number of deaths from natural disasters such as the 2004 Asian tsunami and the 2010 Haitian earthquake. It is made worse when we realize that many of these deaths are avoidable and that there is an enormous variation in mortality rates across the planet. In 2010, Save the Children quoted the lifetime risk in Afghanistan as 1 in 6, compared to 1 in 47,600 in Ireland. Such discrepancies between the developed and developing countries are alarming and have been cited as ‘the largest discrepancy of all public-health statistics’, substantially greater than that for child or neonatal mortality. This chapter considers the size of the problem, the global initiatives aiming to tackle it, Millennium Development Goal 5, the role that obstetric anaesthesia can play, and how those who practise in the developed world can help their neighbours in developing countries.
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Hopkins, Philip M. Adverse drug reactions in anaesthesia. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0022.
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Adverse drug reactions are implicated in more than 40% of anaesthesia-related deaths. Undoubtedly, many more patients experience morbidity from adverse drug reactions. Widely cited definitions of adverse drug reactions encompass common side-effects but this chapter focuses on those that are unexpected reactions to drugs administered by anaesthetists and that occur at normal drug doses. The chapter includes a comprehensive account of malignant hyperthermia, which remains a major contributor to anaesthesia related to deaths. Malignant hyperthermia is a pharmacogenetic condition triggered by potent inhalational anaesthetics and possibly also suxamethonium. The genetic basis, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and management of malignant hyperthermia are discussed. The chapter covers two other pharmacogenetic conditions: the acute porphyrias and butyrylcholinesterase (plasma cholinesterase) deficiency. Drug-induced anaphylaxis is another cause of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Recent data indicate that anaphylaxis during anaesthesia may be much more common than previously thought. The other type of adverse drug reaction covered in the chapter is serotonin syndrome. Perioperative serotonin syndrome is most likely to occur when patients who are already taking serotonergic drugs, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants or ‘triptan’ antimigraine treatments, are given a second drug with serotonergic properties, such as tramadol.
Book chapters on the topic "Cited cause"
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Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Groundwater Level." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_6.
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AbstractGroundwater level has long been known to respond to earthquakes; several types of response have been documented. Advances in the last decade were made largely through the studies of water-level response to Earth tides and barometric pressure. These studies have demonstrated that the hydraulic properties of groundwater systems are dynamic and change with time in response to disturbances such as earthquakes. This approach has been applied to estimate the permeability of several drilled active fault zones, to identify leakage from deep aquifers used for the storage of hazardous wastewater, and to reveal the potential importance of soil water and capillary tension in the unsaturated zone. Enhanced permeability is the most cited mechanism for the sustained changes of groundwater level in the intermediate and far fields, while undrained consolidation remains the most cited mechanism for the step-like coseismic changes in the near field. A new mechanism has emerged that suggests that coseismic release of pore water from unsaturated soils may also cause step-like increases of water level. Laboratory experiments show that both the undrained consolidation and the release of water from unsaturated zone may occur to explain the step-like water-level changes in the near field.
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"Sources Cited." In The Sacred Cause. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvr0qtx9.16.
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"Sources Cited." In The Sacred Cause. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781503611030-014.
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Kruglanski, Arie W., David Webber, and Daniel Koehler. "Hardships of Extremism." In The Radical's Journey. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851095.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 reports on circumstances and reasons that our interviewees disengaged from the right-wing movement. The chapter begins by combining our 3N approach with a commonly cited “push–pull” framework to understand the mechanisms through which disengagement may typically occur. Analyses revealed that it was unlikely for a singular event to cause disengagement; rather, circumstances pertinent to several radicalization factors (the three Ns) were likely to be present. Diverging from other accounts of disengagement, the most frequently cited reason for leaving pertained to disillusionment with the ideological narrative advanced within the right wing. Throughout, the authors highlight the commonalities of their findings with those of past research, revealing the universal process of radicalization and deradicalization that underlies seemingly disparate special cases. The chapter also discusses the components of disengagement from extremism that appear to be unique to the German context.
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Ikbal Atli, Emine. "What Causes Down Syndrome?" In Genetics and Etiology of Down Syndrome [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96685.
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Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) is the model human phenotype for all genome gain-dosage imbalance situations, including microduplications. Years after the sequencing of chromosome 21, the discovery of functional genomics and the creation of multiple cellular and mouse models provided an unprecedented opportunity to demonstrate the molecular consequences of genome dosage imbalance. It was stated years ago that Down syndrome, caused by meiotic separation of chromosome 21 in humans, is associated with advanced maternal age, but defining and understanding other risk factors is insufficient. Commonly referred to as Down syndrome (DS) in humans, trisomy 21 is the most cited genetic cause of mental retardation. In about 95% of cases, the extra chromosome occurs as a result of meiotic non- nondisjunction (NDJ) or abnormal separation of chromosomes. In most of these cases the error occurs during maternal oogenesis, especially in meiosis I.
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Sharma, Vishnu, Tarun Kr. Kumawat, Garima Sharma, Rashi Garg, and Manish Biyani. "Contribution of Environmental Constituents in the Genomic Disruption of Cytokeratins." In Cytogenetics - Classical and Molecular Strategies for Analysing Heredity Material. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96877.
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Cytokeratins are keratinous protein and assist cells to reduce mechanical stress on the intracytoplasmic layer of epithelial tissue. There are several unspecified mutations in the epithelial layer that may induces by environmental mutagens and pathogens. The unspecified mutations in the epithelium surface also disrupt biology of skin at multiple different levels and cause innate keratinizing disorders. These serve as a root generator of neurohormones and neuropeptides which mainly partake in the disruption. Generally, all 54 unique genes of human keratin partake in mutations and cause cutaneous tissue fragility, skin hypertrophic, and malignant transformation. In this chapter, unspecific factors that involved in the pathogenesis of skin diseases and the ways by which such keratin changes might harness to alleviate different skin conditions are also included. Consequently, the contribution of environmental changes in the frontier of mutations or misregulations of the cytokeratin genes, is also cited here.
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"Works Cited." In A Case for Conservatism. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9781501721885-014.
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Newman, Leonard S. "In What Way Is Evil “Banal”?" In Confronting Humanity at its Worst. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685942.003.0009.
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Hanna Arendt’s discussion of the “banality of evil” in Eichmann in Jerusalem and its application to understanding the behavior of the perpetrators of genocide have been widely misunderstood. Distortion of her message has led Adolf Eichmann to become a symbol of the power of the situation to cause monstrous behavior without regard to personality, but Arendt’s account is much more compatible with an interactionist approach to understanding behavior. Arendt’s book appeared at the time of the person–situation controversy in psychology, and confusion about the book arguably derived from attempts to fit its contents to the contours of that debate. More generally, the way in which Eichmann in Jerusalem has been cited over the years illustrates the problems with relying on secondary sources for one’s understanding of classic works.
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Ginor, Isabella, and Gideon Remez. "The Soviet Nuclear Threat and KISSINGER’S Defcon-3." In The Soviet-Israeli War, 1967-1973. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693480.003.0031.
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If Soviet and Egyptian planning for the offensive of October 1973, assumed that its limited objective of recapturing Sinai would not trigger an Israeli nuclear response, in the event this proved dangerously flawed. The initial Israeli defeat on both the Egyptian and Syrian fronts caused such concern for a threat to the Israeli heartland that the doomsday option was reportedly considered and signaled. Soviet nuclear-missile submarines were ordered to ready a response, and nuclear-capable MiG-25s were redeployed in Egypt. Their use for a nuclear strike at Israel’s nuclear complex was considered seriously enough for a Jewish weapons developer to threaten suicide. When Israeli forces reversed the course of the war with a counter-crossing of the Suez Canal, Soviet Scud missiles with conventional warheads were launched at them. Nuclear warheads, supposedly detected on a Soviet ship headed for Egypt, were cited (but as this chapter argues, erroneously) as the cause for Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, who had been blindsided by the Arab offensive, to declare a DefCon-3 alert that brought the superpowers close to a nuclear confrontation.
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Biesecker, Barbara B., Kathryn F. Peters, and Robert Resta. "Definitions and Goals of Genetic Counseling." In Advanced Genetic Counseling. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626426.003.0003.
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The definition of genetic counseling has evolved from being proscriptive to the triumvirate of patient education, facilitating informed decision making, and adaptation to a risk or condition. This definition, endorsed by the National Society of Genetic Counselors, has been widely cited and used in graduate training around the globe. Despite significant advances in the roles of genetic counselors, the central tenets of counseling remain. Our practice model was previously described as psychoeducational but has evolved to psychotherapeutic to emphasize relational counseling. The goals of genetic counseling are specific, vary by subspecialty, and evolve with advances in genomic science. In the cancer setting much of genetic counseling is about cancer risk and the potential value of predictive testing to inform choices, whereas in the pediatric setting, the goal is to diagnose or determine a cause for a child’s condition.
Conference papers on the topic "Cited cause"
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Carbone, Ralph A., and David J. Roche. "SMT Ceramic Capacitor Failure Mechanisms, Isolation Tools, Techniques and Analysis Methods." In ISTFA 2000. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2000p0347.
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Abstract Surface Mount Technology (SMT) ceramic capacitors are widely used on virtually every type of electronic product. In computer systems, SMT capacitors populate the majority of electronic parts found on each Printed Circuit Assembly (PCA) within the product, primarily as bypass or coupling devices between power and ground. As such, the opportunity for failure is substantially higher than with other commonly used active or passive components. Additionally, the relatively small ceramic bodies are prone to mechanical damage. Their proportionately high numbers, sensitivity to mechanical stress and difficulty in isolating to a specific failing device on the PCA (since many of these parts are in parallel with many other identical capacitors) all combine to make the successful isolation and analysis of the root cause of failure particularly difficult for the failure analyst. Often, the cause of failure is misdiagnosed, or the evidence is compromised by the methods used to perform the analysis. This paper will discuss the common failure mechanisms associated with SMT ceramic capacitors, as well as some innovative non-destructive isolation tools and techniques, including C-Mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (C-SAM), Infrared thermography (IR) and Micro-Focus X-ray analysis. Several case studies will be cited which demonstrate each of the mechanisms and methods. Additionally, the processes used to properly analyze these defects will be examined.
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Rodekohr, Chad L., George T. Flowers, Michael J. Bozack, Robert N. Dean, Robert L. Jackson, and Pradeep Lall. "Influence of Quantifiable Extrinsic Stresses on Tin Whisker Growth." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87849.
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Implementation of Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives regarding lead (Pb)-free electronics has resulted in the use of Pb-free and tin (Sn)-rich films as board finishes. These films pose serious reliability issues due to spontaneous Sn whisker growth formerly mitigated by the presence of Pb. Tangential compressive stress within thin films has long been cited as a principal cause of whisker growth, but there have been few direct stress measurements reported in the literature. In this study, we have manufactured two precision devices to impose eight known tangential (compressive and tensile) stress levels on Sn/Aluminum (Al) thin film/substrate systems. The results show that large numbers (∼ 103/cm2) of Sn whiskers are present on films subjected to both compressive and tensile extrinsic stresses and the lowest whisker risk occurs in films near the zero stress condition.
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Aristokleous, Nicolas, Ioannis Seimenis, Yannis Papaharilaou, et al. "Head Rotation Influences the Geometric Features of the Stenotic Carotid Bifurcation." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80611.
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Previous investigators have reported that posture changes may influence the geometry and hemodynamics of the carotid bifurcation [1,2]. As a result, head rotation may cause geometric changes that alter the hemodynamic variables previously cited to correlate with the development of atherosclerosis. Glor et al. [1] had reported changes in the right carotid bifurcation geometry with leftward rotation of the head. Aristokleous et al. [2] have reported that geometric differences in the right and left carotid bifurcation occur with a rightward rotation of the head in 10 healthy volunteers [2]. Also, a similar study on bilateral head rotation on the left and right carotid bifurcation of two volunteers has shown similar results [3]. In this study a group of four patients with atherosclerotic disease in the carotid arteries was investigated at two head postures, a) the supine neutral and b) the prone sleeping with head rotation leftwards up to 80° to investigate the level of stenosis and the changes in geometric parameters with head rotation.
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Severson, Kristine, A. Benjamin Perlman, Michelle Muhlanger, and Richard Stringfellow. "Evaluation of Testing Methods to Develop Test Requirements for a Workstation Table Safety Standard." In ASME 2010 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2010-42032.
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Investigations of passenger train accidents have revealed serious safety hazards associated with the thin, rigid tops of workstation tables, which are common fixtures aboard rail cars. Thoracic and abdominal injuries caused by occupant impact with workstation tables have been cited as the likely cause of two fatalities during a 2002 accident in Placentia, CA [1]. Additionally, workstation tables have been cited as the cause of injury in reports on accidents in Intercession City, FL [2], and Burbank, CA [3]. Currently there are no regulations or safety standards governing the crashworthiness of tables in passenger trains beyond attachment strength requirements. However, research sponsored by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and in collaboration with the American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Passenger Rail Equipment Safety Standards (PRESS) Construction & Structural working group is underway to develop a mandatory industry safety standard for tables to ensure that they will be designed to provide a minimum level of safety during a train accident. FRA’s Equipment Safety Research Program has already developed and tested a prototype table design to demonstrate the improved occupant protection provided by an energy-absorbing table. The prototype table design was tested using a THOR [4] and an H3RS [5], which are advanced anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs), onboard a 35 mph full-scale train-to-train impact test of rail cars modified to incorporate crash energy management (CEM) [6]. Test results demonstrated that the Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) measured by the instrumented ATDs were within human tolerance levels established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) for automotive crashworthiness for the head, neck, chest, abdomen, and femur. Having demonstrated the effectiveness of an energy-absorbing table, the next step is developing a performance-based safety standard for tables that ensures a minimum level of crashworthiness. The safety standard would employ the use of an 8G dynamic sled test with instrumented ATDs to evaluate occupant injury and structural integrity of the table, similar to the seat test requirements in APTA-SS-C&S-016-99 [7], which is the industry safety standard for passenger seats in rail cars. Normally, advanced ATDs like the THOR would be required to measure abdominal and thoracic loads caused by the table impact during the sled test. However, use of these experimental ATDs for table qualification testing is not feasible due to their limited availability. Therefore, alternative test methods must be developed to evaluate the crashworthiness of workstation tables. This paper evaluates several potential methods to measure table crashworthiness, including quasi-static crush testing, pendulum impact testing, drop tower testing, and sled testing with standard Hybrid III 50th percentile ATDs. The pros and cons of these tests are also described. After evaluating the various testing methods, test conditions for two separate tests are proposed for an industry table standard. A companion paper [8] describes analysis results used to establish performance requirements proposed for evaluating table crashworthiness for the safety standard, in accordance with the test conditions proposed in this paper.
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Chua, Leok Poh, Junmei Zhang, Simon Ching Man Yu, and Tongming Zhou. "A Numerical Simulation of a Bypass Conduit With Steady and Pulsatile Flow." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45300.
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Intimal hyperplasia (IH) has been cited as a major cause of vascular graft failure, which is associated with the hemodynamic conditions [1, 2]. Most of the earlier studies were concentrated at the distal anastomosis, therefore in this study computational methods were used to describe the blood motion in the proximal anastomosis models. Both steady and pulsatile flow conditions have been investigated. For steady flow cases, low velocity regions were found to appear on both the heels and the toes of the junction. The spatial extent of these low velocity regions was dependent on the graft Reynolds number as well as on the grafting angle and the flow rate ratio of the graft and aorta. For the pulsatile flow, a low velocity recirculating region was formed during the peak flow phase and the flow was reverted from the graft back to the aorta during the deceleration phase of the cycle. Wall shear stress distributions for various cases were also computed. A reasonable good agreement was found between the present results and the previous PIV measurements.
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Graber, S. David. "Perspective on the Tidal Bore: Background and Initiation." In ASME 2012 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2012 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2012-72112.
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Tidal bores have been the subject or cause of legend, poetry, recreation, tourism, shipping disasters, and scientific interest for centuries. They pose interesting theoretical questions for the engineer. Introductory details are presented regarding the remarkable tidal bore phenomenon, including discussion of the tidal bore in various locations and a recent photograph taken by the writer of the bore on China’s Qiantang River. A supplemental tabular summary is presented based on an extensive literature review. A simplified theory based on monoclinal rising waves is developed for the initiation of the tidal bore. The theory elucidates the mechanisms of the tidal bore more clearly and completely than more complex theories. Early studies of the tidal bore are cited and discussed in historical context. The intention is to provide greater understanding of the tidal bore for a broad set of readers. The theory is favorably compared to rectangular flume data and to all field data available to the writer. A companion paper builds on the present one by addressing additional features of the tidal bore.
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Jaw, Link C., and Yuh-Jye Lee. "Engine Diagnostics in the Eyes of Machine Learning." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-27088.
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Machine learning (ML) is a data-driven approach to discovering patterns and knowledge, and it is different from the physics-based approach, which uses the principles of physics to describe a phenomenon. Physics-based approach has dominated the field of engine diagnostics because of the maturity of scientific and engineering knowledge embodied in the design and manufacturing of the engine and its components. Nevertheless, development of ML techniques has accelerated in the last three decades, and the techniques can potentially lower development time and are applicable to a wide variety of industries. This paper examines some of the most commonly cited ML techniques for handling numerical data and applies them to a gas turbine engine diagnostic problem. The diagnostic problem is to isolate the symptom of engine performance degradations to a root-cause fault or failure. This fault isolation problem is a type of classification problem in the ML world. A hypothetical engine model for commercial airplanes is used in simulation to create a standard dataset. This dataset is then used by all of the selected techniques. The results from the ML algorithms are evaluated in terms of classification accuracy and misclassification rates.
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Aristokleous, Nicolas, Ioannis Seimenis, Yannis Papaharilaou, Georgios Georgiou, Brigitta C. Brott, and Andreas S. Anayiotos. "Rightward and Leftward Head Rotation Influence the Geometric Features of the Healthy Carotid Bifurcation." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53243.
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Posture changes may influence the geometry and hemodynamics of the carotid bifurcation [1]. As a result, head rotation may cause geometric changes that alter the hemodynamic variables previously cited to correlate with the development of atherosclerosis. Such variables include oscillating wall shear stress (WSS) and particle residence times. Glor et al. [1] had reported changes in the right carotid bifurcation geometry with leftward rotation of the head. We have previously reported that geometric differences in the right and left carotid bifurcation occur with a rightward rotation of the head [2]. To investigate the geometric changes in the carotid geometry that occur in the prone sleeping position with rightward and leftward head rotation, we have performed studies in two healthy young volunteers. We defined specific geometric parameters of the carotid bifurcation, such as bifurcation angle, internal carotid artery (ICA) angle, ICA planarity angle, in-plane asymmetry angle, tortuosity, curvature, area and diameter ratios, and compared their corresponding values in three head postures: 1) the supine neutral position, 2) the prone sleeping position with head rotation to the right (∼80 degrees), and 3) the prone sleeping position with head rotation to the left (∼80 degrees).
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Knight, Roy W., Yasser Elkady, Jeffrey C. Suhling, and Pradeep Lall. "Causes of Degradation of Thermal Performance of Ball Grid Arrays After Thermal Cycling." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33626.
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The thermal performance of Ball Grid Array packages depends upon many parameters including die size, use of thermal balls, number of perimeter balls, use of underfill, and printed circuit board heat spreader and thermal via design. Thermal cycling can affect the integrity of thermal paths in and around the BGA as a result of the cracking of solder balls and delamination of the package, including at underfill interfaces. In this study, the impact of thermal cycling on the thermal performance of BGA’s was investigated and quantified. A number of test boards which included a range of the parameters cited above were experimentally examined. A baseline thermal resistance was measured for each case, which was verified with numerical thermal modeling. The boards were then subjected to thermal cycling from −40°C to 125°C. Every 250 cycles the thermal performance was measured. Packages expected to be least reliable (with large die and no underfill), showed an increase in thermal resistance after 750 thermal cycles. Further increases in thermal resistance were observed with continuous thermal cycling until solder joint failure occurred at 1250 cycles, preventing additional measurements. Finite element analysis identified critical thermal and perimeter solder balls as the most likely sites for cracking. Boards were cross-sectioned and examined for solder joint cracks and delamination to identify the cause for the observed increases in thermal resistance. Cracking was found in the critical thermal and perimeter solder balls.
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Fernando, Palamandadige K. S. C., Meng (Peter) Zhang, Zhijian Pei, and Weilong Cong. "Rotary Ultrasonic Machining: Effects of Tool End Angle on Delamination of CFRP Drilling." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2863.
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Aerospace, automotive and sporting goods manufacturing industries have more interest on carbon fiber reinforced plastics due to its superior properties, such as lower density than aluminum; higher strength than high-strength metals; higher stiffness than titanium etc. Rotary ultrasonic machining is a hybrid machining process that combines the material removal mechanisms of diamond abrasive grinding and ultrasonic machining. Hole-making is the most common machining operation done on carbon fiber reinforced plastics, where delamination is a major issue. Delamination reduces structural integrity and increases assembly tolerance, which leads to rejection of a part or a component. Comparatively, rotary ultrasonic machining has been successfully applied to hole-making in carbon fiber reinforced plastics. As reported in the literature, rotary ultrasonic machining is superior to twist drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics in six aspects: cutting force, torque, surface roughness, delamination, tool life, and material removal rate. This paper investigates the effects of tool end angle on delamination in rotary ultrasonic machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics. Several investigators have cited thrust force as a major cause for delamination. Eventhogh, it is found on this investigation, tool end angle has more significant influence on the delamination in rotary ultrasonic machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastics comparing to cutting force and torque.