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Journal articles on the topic 'Cited discourse'
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Raitskaya, Lilia, and Elena Tikhonova. "The Top 100 Cited Discourse Studies: An Update." Journal of Language and Education 5, no. 1 (2019): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2019-5-1-4-15.
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The editorial review of the top 100 most cited articles on discourse in the subject area of ‘linguistics and language’ aims to define the dominating trends and find out the prevailing article structures for JLE authors to follow as the best practice-based patterns and guidelines. The top 100 quoted articles were singled out from Scopus database, filtered through subject areas (social sciences; arts and humanities), language (English), years (2015-2019), document type (article) and keywords (discourse; discourse analysis; critical discourse analysis; semantics). The research finds out that educational discourses and news media coverage discourses are the most popular themes with 23 publications each; other prevailing topics cover media, policy-related, ecology discourses, metaphors, racism and religion in discourses. As the top 100 cited articles include mainly original articles (both theoretical and empirical), the study focused on the article structure, calling JLE authors’ attention to the journal editors’ stance on article formats.
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Alvesson, Mats, and Dan Kärreman. "Decolonializing discourse: Critical reflections on organizational discourse analysis." Human Relations 64, no. 9 (2011): 1121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726711408629.
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Organizational discourse has emerged as a large research field and references to discourse are numerous. As with all dominating approaches problematizations of assumptions are important. This article, partly a follow up of the authors’ frequently cited 2000 Human Relations article, provides a critical and perhaps provocative overview of some of the more recent work and tendencies within the field. It is argued that discourse continues to be used in vague and all-embracing ways, where the constitutive effects of discourse are taken for granted rather than problematized and explored. The article identifies three particular problems prevalent in the current organizational discourse literature: reductionism, overpacking, and colonization and suggests three analytical strategies to overcome these problems: counter-balancing concepts — aiming to avoid seeing ‘everything’ as discourse — relativizing muscularity — being more open about discourse’s constitutive effects — and disconnecting discourse and Discourse through much more disciplined use of discourse vocabulary.
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Linkov, Václav, Kieran O’Doherty, Eunsoo Choi, and Gyuseog Han. "Linguistic Diversity Index: A Scientometric Measure to Enhance the Relevance of Small and Minority Group Languages." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (2021): 215824402110091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211009191.
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Current scientometric indexes do not encourage the linguistic diversity of sources cited in academic texts and researchers are not motivated to cite texts written in smaller languages. This diminishes the cultural diversity of the sources cited and limits the representation of small and indigenous cultures. This text proposes a scientometric measure designed to encourage the linguistic diversity of sources cited in articles, books, and papers. The Linguistic Diversity Index is based on two stipulations: (a) the more linguistically diverse the sources, the higher the score, and (b) the rarer the languages cited, the higher the score. If such a metric were used for the evaluation of social science and humanities journals, it would encourage the publication of papers that cite ideas from rarely represented cultural groups such as indigenous nations, ethnic groups from small countries, and other linguistic groups that have been omitted from mainstream scientific discourse. This might help to produce new research, which would help to improve the situation for these groups and create an epistemology that is more just to small cultural groups.
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Assaiqeli, Aladdin. "Palestine in UN Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Journal for the Study of English Linguistics 8, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsel.v8i1.15596.
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This paper examines UN resolutions 242 and 338 to find whether these two milestone texts of UN discourse on the Palestine Question, taken as the basis for “the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East,” genuinely and practically work towards an amicable solution to this prolonged problem, this almost century-long unequal conflict. The study seeks to find out whether such UN discourse is linguistically structured to achieve such an end; with the ultimate goal being offering us “the possibility that we might profitably conceive the world in some alternative way” (Fowler, 1981 cited in Jaworski & Coupland, 1999, p. 33) as is the case with any discourse study that adopts ‘critical’ goals. The study therefore employs Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) — an approach within the pluralistic framework of CDA. The findings show that temporisation of the Palestine Question has been an indirect result of the bad faith and linguistic manipulation of the powerful forces; that the way these discourses are structured is responsible for perpetuating rather than ending Israeli occupation. So rather than redressing the ethnic cleansing of Palestine and ending Israeli occupation as the core of the Palestine Question, UN discourse is found to protract the status quo — the consolidation of Israeli power and expansionism.
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Prokhvatilova, Olga. "Internal Converse in Modern Media Discourse." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 2 (May 2020): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.2.13.
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The article reveals specificity of internal converse practice in the media discourse. The converse is defined as a speech-and-cognitive category that characterizes a constructive principle of the media text manifested in insertion of other person's utterances into the monospeech of a journalist. It is stated that the major means of converse practice is citing direct speech of some other person, which enables precise marking of citation boundaries in media texts. The other person's utterance insertion is marked by the use of reporting verbs that nominate processes of saying or communication in oral or written forms of media discourse, indicating the source of citation with introductory constructions, as well as the names and nicknames of radio listeners who sent their questions. Direct speech may be introduced into the author's text without any special linguistic markers. The sources of quoting relevant for the media text are revealed, including radio listeners, journalists, writers, economists, public and political figures, heroes of modern books and popular movies, mass media. Four functions of the cited utterances are considered relevant for the modern media text: compositional, authoritarian, interpretive and constructive. The types of converse relations that arise between the author's and other person's cited speech are determined.
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Bertrand, Melanie, Wendy Y. Perez, and John Rogers. "The covert mechanisms of education policy discourse: Unmasking policy insiders’ discourses and discursive strategies in upholding or challenging racism and classism in education." education policy analysis archives 23 (September 25, 2015): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.2068.
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Policy insiders across party lines increasingly acknowledge educational “gaps,” yet they talk about this inequity in very different ways. Though some critique disparities through a structural lens, others use deficit discourse, blaming families of color and working-class families for educational outcomes. This study examines how state policy insiders explain educational inequity, shedding light on the complex relationship between language and the maintenance of systemic racism and classism in education. Drawing upon a unique data set of interviews with 50 policy insiders in one state in the United States, we found three main discourses used to explain inequity in education, each of which cited a different cause: 1) structural inequity, 2) perceived deficits of families and communities, and 3) teachers unions and teacher seniority. Policy insiders used often-veiled discursive strategies to advance their discourses. For instance, those that used deficit discourse: 1) asserted that those most negatively impacted by inequity cause inequity; 2) strengthened deficit discourse by blending it with one or both of the other two discourses; and 3) made inequity appear natural through the use of several substrategies, including obscuring the identity of those harmed by inequity. These strategies allowed some policy insiders to strengthen deficit discourse, divert attention from structural issues, and characterize themselves positively while advancing racist and classist ideas. These findings have compelling implications in terms of possibilities for policy changes supportive of educational equity.
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Mock, William B. T. "When a Rose isn't “Arose” isn't Arroz: A Guide to Footnoting for Informational Clarity and Scholarly Discourse." International Journal of Legal Information 34, no. 1 (2006): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500001220.
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Not every proposition in a law review article requires citation, nor does every footnote require cited authority. Indeed, only a few of the several possible types of footnotes require the author to cite to authority. Unfortunately, many student editors and research assistants do not understand the distinctions among types of footnotes and expect each to look the same – a reference to some other author's research or thoughts on the subject mentioned in the text. I have therefore written this article explaining the different types of footnotes and how to prepare them.
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Glonti, Bela. "Proverb as a Tool of Persuasion in Political Discourse (on the Material of Georgian and French languages)." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 6 (2020): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1006.02.
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Our study deals with the use of proverbs as a tool of persuasion in political discourse. Within this study we have studied and analyzed the texts of Georgian and French political articles, speeches and proverbs used therein. The analysis revealed that the proverbs found and used by us in the French discourses were not only of French origin. Also, most of the proverbs found in the French discourses were used as titles of the articles. As for the Georgian proverbs, they consisted mainly of popular proverbs well known to the Georgian public. Georgia proverbs have rarely been cited as an article title. According to the general conclusion, the use of proverbs as a tool of persuasion in the political discourse by the politicians of both countries is quite relevant. It is effective when it is persuasive and at the same time causes an emotional reaction. Quoting the proverbs, the politicians base their thinking on positions. The proverb is one of the key argumentative techniques.
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Adams, Krystyna, Jeremy Snyder, Valorie Crooks, and Rory Johnston. "Tourism discourse and medical tourists’ motivations to travel." Tourism Review 70, no. 2 (2015): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-04-2014-0015.
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Purpose – This paper aims to respond to a knowledge gap regarding the motivations of medical tourists, the term used to describe persons that travel across borders with the intention of accessing medical care. Commonly cited motivations for engaging in medical tourism are typically based on speculation and provide generalizations for what is a contextualized practice. This research paper aims to complicate the commonly discussed motivations of medical tourists to provide a richer understanding of these motivations and the various contexts in which medical tourists may choose to travel for medical care. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 32 former Canadian medical tourists, this study uses the Iso-Ahola’s motivation theory to analyze tourists’ motivations. Quotations from participants were used to highlight core themes relevant to critical theories of tourism. Findings – Participants’ discussions illuminated motivations to travel related to personal and interpersonal seeking as well as personal and interpersonal escaping. These motivations demonstrate the appropriateness of applying critical theories of tourism to the medical tourism industry. Research limitations/implications – This research is limited in its ability to link various motivations with particular contexts such as medical procedure and personal demographics. However, this study demonstrates that the three commonly cited motivations of medical tourists might oversimplify this phenomenon. Originality/value – By providing new insight into medical tourists’ motivations, this paper expands the conversation about medical tourists’ decision-making and how this is informed by tourism discourse. This insight may contribute to improved guidance for medical tourism stakeholders for more ethical and safe practices.
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Mumby, Dennis K. "What’s cooking in organizational discourse studies? A response to Alvesson and Kärreman." Human Relations 64, no. 9 (2011): 1147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726711408367.
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While Alvesson and Kärreman’s (2000) ‘Varieties of Discourse’ essay was an important and oft-cited marker in the field of organizational discourse studies, I argue in this response that their rather gloomy, even curmudgeonly, updated reading of the field is not only misplaced but also rooted in their own reductionist conception of discourse — a charge that they themselves level against contemporary organizational discourse research. As a communication scholar who makes his interdisciplinary home in the area of organizational communication/organization studies, I argue that much of Alvesson and Kärreman’s critique has its origin in a rather anemic, even wrongheaded, reading of the ‘linguistic turn’ — a reading that limits the generative and analytic possibilities of post-linguistic turn organizational discourse studies.
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Li, Jing, Lei Lei, and Le Cheng. "Mapping Evaluation, Appraisal and Stance in Discourse (2000–2015): A Bibliometric Analysis." Glottotheory 10, no. 1-2 (2020): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/glot-2019-0002.
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AbstractThe present study employs a bibliometric analysis to examine the research trends in the field of evaluation, appraisal and stance. The bibliometric information of publications between 2000 and 2015 was retrieved from the Web of Science SSCI Core Collection database. The indicators analyzed include the number of publications by year, most frequently explored topics, most cited works, major individual contributors, publication venues, distribution among countries/regions and institutions. Our findings showed that the annual publications increased dramatically, revealing an upward trend in this research field. The results concerning the most frequently addressed topics suggested that EAP has been a fruitful domain in terms of the evaluative dimension of discourse. Besides, future research will feature more discipline-specific and language-specific empirical studies and comparative cross-linguistic studies. Pedagogical applications of evaluation research also need to be explored. Citation results indicated that the groundbreaking monographs in this field generate the highest citation counts, and that the most cited works cover a variety of sub-fields of linguistics, which may further prove the heterogeneous nature of the evaluative dimension of language.
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McMahan, Peter, and Daniel A. McFarland. "Creative Destruction: The Structural Consequences of Scientific Curation." American Sociological Review 86, no. 2 (2021): 341–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122421996323.
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Communication of scientific findings is fundamental to scholarly discourse. In this article, we show that academic review articles, a quintessential form of interpretive scholarly output, perform curatorial work that substantially transforms the research communities they aim to summarize. Using a corpus of millions of journal articles, we analyze the consequences of review articles for the publications they cite, focusing on citation and co-citation as indicators of scholarly attention. Our analysis shows that, on the one hand, papers cited by formal review articles generally experience a dramatic loss in future citations. Typically, the review gets cited instead of the specific articles mentioned in the review. On the other hand, reviews curate, synthesize, and simplify the literature concerning a research topic. Most reviews identify distinct clusters of work and highlight exemplary bridges that integrate the topic as a whole. These bridging works, in addition to the review, become a shorthand characterization of the topic going forward and receive disproportionate attention. In this manner, formal reviews perform creative destruction so as to render increasingly expansive and redundant bodies of knowledge distinct and comprehensible.
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Braun, Willi. "Body, Character and the Problem of Femaleness in Early Christian Discourse." Religion and Theology 9, no. 1-2 (2002): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157430102x00061.
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AbstractExaggerating in the direction of truth so as to provoke historiographical thought, this article claims that formative Christianity was wholly an androcentric project. Oft-cited women-friendly texts (Luke, Galatians, Gospel of Thomas) are not exceptions to early Christian masculinised gender ideology. The article locates early Christian commitment to a piety of 'andreia' (manliness) within the similar hegemonic Graeco-Roman gender ideology. It concludes with some reflections on the effects ofa hegemonic ideology and raises questions on the possibility of emancipatory agency.
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Viljoen, H. "Membraan, dialoog, Ians - Bakhtin/Venter." Literator 19, no. 3 (1998): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v19i3.563.
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Membrane, dialogue, lance – Bakhtin/Venter In this article the short story “Die enigste” ("The only one") from the collection Oop toe (Open closed) (1990) by De Waal Venter is read in dialogue with Mikhail Bakhtin’s essay "From the prehistory of novelistic discourse" (1981). The citation of another’s discourse is very obvious in the story, especially in the way Leichtfinger’s theory of membranes is cited. Citing this (fictive) theory has a strong seductive appeal, and forms but part of the way the male discourse of penetration is dialogized here - i.a. in the courtly discourse the story adopts. The story in the end shows up the essence of dialogism - that is, exposing lofty discourse to the corrective of the fullness of life. The confrontation of the story with Bakhtin’s ideas, taking theory not very seriously but seriously enough, is also a plea for more space for literary-theoretical work in South Africa.
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Hubbard, Melissa A., and Ann K. D. Myers. "Bringing Rare Books to Light: The State of the Profession." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 11, no. 2 (2010): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.11.2.337.
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When the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) released the results of its 1998 survey of special collections, the backlog of unprocessed and uncataloged collections emerged as one of the most serious and daunting issues facing the profession. An increasingly enthusiastic professional discourse about the “hidden collections” problem, as it became known, has developed as a result. The ARL Special Collections Task Force, convened in 2001 and dissolved in 2006, focused on exposing hidden collections as a top agenda item, and produced the much-cited white paper, “Hidden Collections, Scholarly Barriers.” This active discourse has also induced a flurry of articles and . . .
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Stratton, Teri. "Headaches or Headless: Who Is Poet Enough?" Hypatia 7, no. 2 (1992): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00888.x.
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Psychoanalysis has long cited poetry as the expressive vehicle for unconscious production. This article addresses the sexual politics of psychoanalyses conjoining of poetry and the “feminine.” The argument of this text is that the coupling of the “feminine” and the poetic in Lacanian discourse is a metaphorical double cross which most often leaves “woman” at a loss for words.
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Figuera, Renée. "Convention, Context, and Critical Discourse Analysis “Jim the Boatman” (1846) and the Early Fiction of Trinidad." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 84, no. 3-4 (2010): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002442.
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"Convention, Context and Critical Discourse Analysis: 'Jim The Boatman' and The Early Fiction of Trinidad" re-evaluates the claim of colored authorship which has been attributed to a short story published anonymously, in the Trinidad Spectator in 1846. This re-evaluation is significant since 'Jim the Boatman" has been cited as part of a collection of writing in the emerging literary tradition of nonwhite authors of nineteenth century Trinidad. A critical discourse approach to identifying the writer, in this essay, proposes an alternative paradigm to traditional "plantation power structures" which have been used for identifying writers of anonymous texts, as they may override the cultural context of literary discourse formation in complex Anglophone Caribbean societies like Trinidad. Critical Discourse Analysis focuses specifically on the ways in which writers’ discursive behavior is the result of external sociopolitical pressures, and the strategies they use for textualizing their worldview, in their cultural contexts. This alternative paradigm is based on the researcher’s critical observation of the social context, discourse conventions, and language use in relation to anonymous texts.
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Dickerson, Paul. "‘It's not just me who's saying this…’ The deployment of cited others in televised political discourse." British Journal of Social Psychology 36, no. 1 (1997): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8309.1997.tb01117.x.
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Seta, Fabrizio Della. "‘O cieli azzurri’: Exoticism and dramatic discourse in Aida." Cambridge Opera Journal 3, no. 1 (1991): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586700003360.
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The use of semiotic methods and concepts in analytical studies of opera has not yet produced the results that the variety of communicative levels in musical theatre might lead us to expect. If, to repeat a frequently cited formulation by Pierluigi Petrobelli, ‘various systems work together in opera, each according to its nature and laws, and the result of the combination is much greater than the sum of the individual forces’, it seems likely that the difficulty of applying this principle may in fact be directly related to the multiplicity of ‘systems’ involved. Only theoretical enquiries that go beyond differentiating expressive levels can hope to arrive at a more satisfactory concept of this ‘system of systems’, and thus apply it in a useful way. The problem is of course too vast to be developed here; however, because the following reading of Aida involves such theoretical considerations, it may be useful to make explicit some basic difficulties involving polytextuality in opera.
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Sinay, Laura, Maria Cristina Fogliatti de Sinay, Rodney William (Bill) Carter, and Aurea Martins. "Reflections about Garfield’s algorithm." RAUSP Management Journal 54, no. 4 (2019): 548–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rausp-05-2019-0079.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the influence of the algorithm used on scholarly search engines (Garfield’s algorithm) and propose metrics to improve it so that science could be based on a more democratic way. Design/methodology/approach This paper used a snow-ball approach to collect data that allowed identifying the history and the logic behind the Garfield’s algorithm. It follows on excerpting the foundation of existing algorithm and databases of major scholarly search engine. It concluded proposing new metrics so as to surpass restraints and to democratize the scientific discourse. Findings This paper finds that the studied algorithm currently biases the scientific discourse toward a narrow perspective, while it should take into consideration several researchers’ characteristics. It proposes the substitution of the h-index by the number of times the scholar’s most cited work has been cited. Finally, it proposes that works in languages different than English should be included. Research limitations/implications The broad comprehension of any phenomena should be based on multiple perspectives; therefore, the inclusion of diverse metrics will extend the scientific discourse. Practical implications The improvement of the existing algorithm will increase the chances of contact among different cultures, which stimulate rapid progress on the development of knowledge. Originality/value The value of this paper resides in demonstrating that the algorithm used in scholarly search engines biases the development of science. If updated as proposed here, science will be unbiased and bias aware.
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Watson, Cate. "Futures Narratives, Possible Worlds, Big Stories: Causal Layered Analysis and the Problems of Youth." Sociological Research Online 14, no. 5 (2009): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1969.
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Narratives of the future can be seen as a form of colonialisation, structuring fields of discourse, in a process which Johan Galtung (cited in Andersson, 2006) refers to as ‘chronological imperialism’. However, futures narratives can also be used to disrupt these attempts at colonialisation through surfacing problematic assumptions in order to explore alternative scenarios. In this paper I first consider modal narratives and possible worlds and their relevance to the social sciences. I then discuss Sohail Inayatullah's ‘Causal Layered Analysis’ (CLA) - a narrative technique for constructing past and present and imagining the future. CLA draws on a ‘poststructural toolbox’ to examine problematic issues using a process which focuses on four levels of analysis: litany (the official public description of the issue); social science analysis (which attempts to articulate causal variables); discourse analysis or prevailing worldview; and myth/metaphor analysis. The aim is to disrupt current discourses which have become sedimented into practice and so open up space for the construction of alternative scenarios. In the third part I demonstrate how this approach can be used to examine ‘big issues’ taking as my example the current preoccupation with troubled and troublesome youth.
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He, Chunyan, and Xueyan Wei. "Study of Corpus’ Influences in EAP Research (2009-2018): A Bibliometric Analysis in CiteSpace." English Language Teaching 12, no. 12 (2019): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n12p59.
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Using 328 papers published in SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) journals from the Web of Science between 2009 and 2018, this study analyzed corpus’ influences in EAP (English for Academic Purposes) research with mapping knowledge domains CiteSpace. This study found that the relationship between international EAP studies and corpus tends to increasingly tight in the past ten years. Corpus in EAP study mainly acts as the methodology that EAP is studied by means of self-building or existing corpora using retrieval software together with statistical analysis method. International scholars pay more attention to writing teaching, academic literacy and discourse/discourse analysis in EAP study, and the co-cited references mostly tend to the genres study of EAP.
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Jónsdóttir, Guðrún, and Eva Martinsen Dyrnes. "Letter writing, an alternative approach in teacher education." Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE) 3, no. 4 (2019): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/njcie.3345.
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Instead of telling prospective teachers who they should be, we asked them: “Who are you?” We used a narrative approach to explore their own perspectives. The students were invited to share their thoughts and experiences in letter format. This letter-writing assignment was part of a course on intercultural school practices. We viewed the students’ narratives in light of J. P. Gee’s distinction between discourse with lowercase “d” and Discourse with a capital “D.” The students cited their families as being their most important formative factor, facilitating a safe and active childhood. Emphasis was also placed on where they grew up, with nature a mere “all-weather boot” step away, and where bicycle locks were unnecessary.
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HICK, JOHN. "Response to Knepper." Religious Studies 45, no. 2 (2009): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412509009949.
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AbstractHaving cited Dionysius as one of the many Christian thinkers who affirm the ineffability, or transcategoriality, of God in God's ultimate inner being, I respond to Timothy D. Knepper's claim that this is a mistake. Whilst accepting much that he says about Dionysius, I still prefer the standard interpretation of the Dionysian texts as teaching the total transcategoriality of the Transcendent as ‘surpassing all discourse and all knowledge’.
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Hodge, D. R., J. R. Lacasse, and O. Benson. "Influential Publications in Social Work Discourse: The 100 Most Highly Cited Articles in Disciplinary Journals: 2000-09." British Journal of Social Work 42, no. 4 (2011): 765–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcr093.
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Cardon, Kristen. "Species Suicide Notes." Environmental Humanities 13, no. 1 (2021): 224–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/22011919-8867285.
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Abstract This article tracks the history of species suicide, a phrase that originally referred to a potential nuclear holocaust but is now increasingly cited in Anthropocene discourses to account for continued carbon emissions in the face of catastrophic climate change. With its Anglophone roots in the Cold War, species suicide discourse unites concerns about nuclear arsenals, so-called overpopulation, and environmental injustice across disciplines. Species suicide discourse is indebted to the US-based field of suicide prevention, which for more than half a century has analyzed suicide notes in search of effective prevention methods. Therefore, to theorize suicide prevention in relation to anthropogenic climate change, this article imagines a version of this genre that mediates between individual and collective subjects—called a species suicide note. As an example, the interdisciplinary and multimedia art project “Dear Climate” (2012–ongoing) by Una Chaudhuri, Oliver Kellhammer, and Marina Zurkow rewrites familiar narratives of crisis, shifting species suicide notes toward irony and unconventional techniques of hope. In analyzing these performative species suicide notes, the author complicates species suicide prevention by foregrounding narratives of irony. These notes accentuate a self-reflexive irony that works toward climate justice for vulnerable humans and more-than-human species.
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Callahan, Laura. "The importance of being earnest." Spanish in Context 11, no. 2 (2014): 202–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.11.2.03cal.
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Mock Spanish is a register in which Spanish words or phrases are used in otherwise English language texts or utterances to evoke humor, often indexing an unflattering image of Spanish speakers. This paper examines the occurrence of Mock Spanish in mass media, of interest in part because its use there cannot be mitigated so much as is possible in private speech by factors such as the speaker’s or writer’s intentions or relationships with addressees. Participants in previous studies have cited these factors as potential attenuators of Mock Spanish’s offensiveness. Mass media is also of interest for its role in the reproduction of elite discourses. This paper’s objective is to further engage the question of Mock Spanish as a form of racist discourse, and to examine the implications for those who are users of Spanish as a second language or are in the business of training second language users of Spanish.
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Amrullah, Qadrina Lailyn, Ahmad Munir, and Suharsono Suharsono. "Rhetorical Functions of Reporting Verbs in Author Prominent Citations of Graduate Students’ Research Papers." Journal of English Language and Literature 8, no. 3 (2017): 690–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v8i3.341.
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This study investigates the rhetorical functions of reporting verbs employed in the author prominent citations of research papers written by graduate students. Specifically, this study aims to 1) describe the use of reporting verbs functioning as research acts, cognition acts and discourse acts in the graduate students’ research papers, and 2) evaluate the appropriateness of those uses of reporting verbs in each research paper. Thus, the examples of the use, misuse, and overuse of the reporting verbs committed by the students were presented in this study. Following this, Hyland’s (2002) insightful framework is used as preliminary identification of the functional activities of research verbs, cognitive verbs, and discourse verbs. Documents analysis with checklist worksheet was used to obtain the data. The data comprised eighteen research papers completed as the final project of linguistic subject. The findings show that the students tend to use reporting verbs in discourse act category instead of research act and cognitive act categories. More specifically, the findings reveal that 1) for research act category, the most used verbs were ‘find’, ‘show’ and ‘identify’, 2) only the verb ‘believe’ was found in cognition act category, 3) the verb ‘state’ which belongs to the functional categories of discourse verb has the highest occurrence in all of the data. It means that the students tend to overuse and misuse the verb ‘state’ to present any kinds of cited sentences without fully understanding its functional meaning within the context. And 4) for the appropriateness of reporting verbs, the students’ problems were found on the misuses verb choice, tense choice, and syntactic pattern of the reported sentences. This indicates the students are likely to be unaware of the functional use of reporting verbs in cited sentences. To achieve successful communicative purpose in citing others’ work, students should be encouraged in advancing their knowledge to familiarize the meanings of reporting verbs within the context in academic writings.
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Martella, Amedee Marchand, Jane Kinkus Yatcilla, Ronald C. Martella, et al. "Quotation Accuracy Matters: An Examination of How an Influential Meta-Analysis on Active Learning Has Been Cited." Review of Educational Research 91, no. 2 (2021): 272–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0034654321991228.
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When previous research is cited incorrectly, misinformation can infiltrate scientific discourse and undermine scholarly knowledge. One of the more damaging citation issues involves incorrectly citing article content (called quotation errors); therefore, investigating quotation accuracy is an important research endeavor. One field where quotation accuracy is needed is in the learning sciences given its impact on pedagogy. An integral article in pedagogical discussions surrounding how to teach at the college level is the meta-analysis on active learning by Freeman et al. The Freeman et al. meta-analysis compared active learning to traditional lecture in terms of its effects on student learning and has been important in national initiatives on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) reform. Given its influence coupled with the impact quotation errors could have in scientific discourse, we used citation context analysis to analyze whether assertions in the citing text that related to the efficacy of lecture and active learning were supported by what was explicitly stated in the cited meta-analysis. Assertions were analyzed under supported, unsupported, or irrelevant for purposes of study categories. The most prevalent supported category related to active learning being more effective than lecture; the most prevalent unsupported category related to the effectiveness of specific activities/approaches other than the general approach of active learning. Overall, the percentage of supported assertions was 47.67%, and the percentage of unsupported assertions was 26.01%. Furthermore, the percentage of articles containing at least one unsupported assertion was 34.77%. Proactive measures are needed to reduce the incidence of quotation errors to ensure robust scientific integrity.
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ROSENBLATT, HELENA. "ROUSSEAU'S GIFT TO GENEVA." Modern Intellectual History 3, no. 1 (2006): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244305000600.
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People often seem to forget that Rousseau dedicated his Second Discourse to “The Republic of Geneva.” This is a shame because, in doing so, they miss precious clues not only about the meaning of the Discourse itself, but also about its place in Rousseau's political thought as a whole. It is also rather curious, because Rousseau's dedicatory letter to Geneva is actually not so easy to overlook; in the Pléiade edition it takes up more than ten pages of tightly worded text and is thus almost twice as long as Rousseau's more frequently cited “Preface” that follows it. Ignoring the dedication is, of course, part of a larger and more general problem in Rousseau scholarship: the still widespread tendency to read Rousseau out of historical context and with little concern for his intended meaning.
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Ormaneze, Fabiano. "PRODUCTION CONDITIONS AND BIOGRAPHY: The notion of humanization in the historical constitution of genre." Revista Observatório 6, no. 5 (2020): a1en. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2020v6n5a1en.
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This article relates the notion of production conditions, as defined by the French Discourse Analysis, and the history of the constitution of biographical genres as linguistic materiality. The aim is to understand how the production conditions, by including the subject and circumstances, and producing images about the present and the past of characters, build a notion of humanization in each moment of history, considering the main biographical texts cited by historians of the genre. Thus, we seek to verify how, despite the transparency with which the word "humanization" has been used in studies in the area of Communication, this notion is the result of imaginary projections built by ideology and based on the discursive memory of biographical and journalistic genres.
 KEYWORDS: Humanization; Production conditions; Discourse; Biographical genres.
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Gee, Seran, Antony Chum, and Bryan Lim. "Moving Metaphors: Shifting Institutional Responsibilities and Evidentiary Boundaries in the Commissioning of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis for HIV." Qualitative Health Research 29, no. 10 (2019): 1408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732319831040.
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In this article, we investigate how speakers in the U.K.’s House of Commons cited the same legislative context and medical research to arrive at contradictory conclusions regarding the Government’s responsibility to fund pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) as an HIV intervention. Because the Government had expressed that it would not comment on institutional responsibilities directly, given the likelihood of a legal challenge in response to the National Health Service withdrawing PrEP from the drug commissioning process, the Government’s support of this decision could not be explicitly detailed. Our discourse analytic approach reveals how members of parliament adopted positions in the debate by using distinct metaphorical frames and lexical choices to linguistically encode assumptions that imply contrary interpretations of mutually agreed upon facts. This suggests that the concrete discursive practices used to cite evidence in policy-making discussions, regardless of the quality of the evidence, may have material consequences for evidence-based policy.
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Hassanein, Hamada, and Mohammad Mahzari. "A taxonomy of antonymy in Arabic: Egyptian and Saudi proverbs in comparison." Open Linguistics 7, no. 1 (2021): 200–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2021-0013.
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Abstract This study has set out to identify, quantify, typify, and exemplify the discourse functions of canonical antonymy in Arabic paremiography by comparing two manually collected datasets from Egyptian and Saudi (Najdi) dialects. Building upon Jones’s (2002) most extensive and often-cited classification of the discourse functions of antonyms as they co-occur within syntactic frames in news discourse, the study has substantially revised this classification and developed a provisional and dynamic typology thereof. Two major textual functions are found to be quantitatively significant and qualitatively preponderant: ancillarity (wherein an A-pair of canonical antonyms project their antonymicity onto a more important B-pair) and coordination (wherein one antonym holds an inclusive or exhaustive relation to another antonym). Three new functions have been developed and added to the retrieved classification: subordination (wherein one antonym occurs in a subordinate clause while the other occurs in a main clause), case-marking (wherein two opposite cases are served by two antonyms), and replacement (wherein one antonym is substituted with another). Semicanonical and noncanonical guises of antonymy are left and recommended for future research.
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Christophe, Barbara. "Migration in German Textbooks." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 1, no. 1 (2009): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2009.010112.
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This article raises the question of how German textbooks should deal with issues of migration as one of the main challenges in a globalizing age. In order to prepare the ground for a well-founded answer it follows a twofold agenda. In a rst step, previous attempts at analyzing textbook representations of migration are critically scrutinized and read against the background of current debates on methodological approaches to textbook research. In a second step, anthropological research on the structure of public German discourses on migration is cited as a key to developing a truly multiperspectival mode of representing it. Ultimately, the article demonstrates that education alone cannot be given the responsibility of clarifying questions that politics have failed to articulate and that pupils must be taught to participate competently in the discourse on migration policy. They should be familiarized with the various positions advocated in the political sphere, and simultaneously equipped with the necessary tools for critical re ection.
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Singer, Jane B. "Campaign Contributions: Online Newspaper Coverage of Election 2000." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 80, no. 1 (2003): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900308000104.
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Through their Web sites, newspapers may contribute to political campaign coverage in new ways. This survey of online editors of leading U.S. newspaper sites indicates that editors gave primary emphasis to the medium's ability to provide Election 2000 information faster and in more detail. Though options for enhancing political discourse were appreciated, both interactivity and multimedia presentations were less widely cited among key goals and perceived successes. These findings suggest that journalists are “normalizing”w the Internet as a way to further traditional roles and goals.
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Poshka, Agim. "Language and Hate Speech Aspects in the Public Sphere Case Study: Republic of Macedonia." SEEU Review 13, no. 1 (2018): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2018-0009.
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Abstract The issue of hate speech is widely present in the Balkan Peninsula and although it has a serious impact in inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations, it has never been addressed properly by the academia or the judicial systems. This paper aims to outline the main principles that define hate speech from the linguistic and legal perspective. Throughout the paper several international cases of hate speech are cited along with the measures that western European countries take in order to minimize the level of stereotypes and public discrimination. In the second part, the paper brings examples from degrading hate speech cases coming from public figures in Macedonia. In addition, a few comparative cases from the international practice have been cited in order to perceive if an egalitarian society is possible in Macedonia from the aspect of language usage without the hatred constituents by aiming to develop an acceptable public discourse for all.
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Blyler, Nancy Roundy. "The Components of Purpose and Professional-Communication Pedagogy." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 18, no. 1 (1988): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9xq1-11a6-wq0y-v2tb.
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A review of the current literature suggests that the concept of purpose has not received sufficient theoretical or pedagogical attention. In this article, theoretical depth is provided by a discussion of four components of purpose: purpose as associated with discourse types, purpose from the writer's viewpoint, purpose as it relates to situation, and purpose from the reader's viewpoint. Research is cited, and examples from computer documentation are used to illustrate each component. Cooperation and conflict among components are examined in a sample document, and classroom applications are discussed.
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Sylla, Bernhard. "Anti-dualism in the discourse on the Anthropocene." Ethics, Politics & Society 3 (May 21, 2018): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.3.1.107.
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18 years after its introduction into scientific vocabulary, a vast discourse on the Anthropocene has settled in very heterogeneous scientific areas, from Biology and Geology to the Arts and Humanities, including Philosophy itself. Despite its multidisciplinarity, there seems to be a common presupposition in this discourse that often becomes a demand: to abandon a false dualism allegedly responsible for the lack of answers to the challenges that the new anthropocenic age poses to us. Anti-dualism seems to be a common denominator, widely shared by the most diverse authors of the Anthropocene discourse, but what is meant by ‘dualism’ seems extremely heterogeneous to me, embracing ontological, epistemological, and political dimensions, and sometimes mixing them. Whatever the combated dualism – nature and culture, social system and terrestrial system, Man and Earth, biosphere and noosphere, subject and object, observer and observed, natural sciences and human sciences, etc. – the golden key to unravelling and developing a different way of thinking and being capable of facing the environmental challenges of the present would be by overcoming these dualisms, that is, in a perspective that can account for the intersection and overlap of the hitherto opposed elements and which presupposes, in the end, their assimilation. How both imbrication and assimilation can or should be thought of, however, can vary greatly from one author to another. Based on these assumptions, I will focus on two criticisms of anti-dualism put forward by Andrew Feenberg and Gernot Böhme. Both critics chose the theories of Haraway and Latour – authors who are today among the most cited philosophers of the Anthropocene – as distinct exponents of anti-dualism. I will argue that criticism of anti-dualism is pertinent and necessary, but that the alternatives proposed by Feenberg and Böhme are not convincing.
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Tuathail, Gearóid Ó. "(Dis)placing Geopolitics: Writing on the Maps of Global Politics." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 12, no. 5 (1994): 525–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d120525.
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The meaning of geopolitics is a curiously underexamined issue in ‘critical geopolitics’. In this paper I seek to outline and pursue a poststructuralist displacement of the concept, a displacement marked by hyphenization: geo-politics. Using Derrida's critique of Saussure, in the first part of the paper I interweave the problem of meaning with the discourse of geography so as to write on the concepts of ‘the map’ and ‘geography’. In the second part of the paper I explore the implications of this writing on or displacing for the analysis of geographical discourse and/in global politics. I concentrate on three issues: (1) problemattzing the traditional conceptual maps of ‘geopolitics’, (2) speculating on the historical problematic of geography and governmentality, and (3) suggesting a typology for the study of geo-politics which pays particular attention to how places are sighted/sited/cited by governmental institutions (geo-political sites).
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Chen, Chunlei. "Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Multimodal Discourse Analysis (2009-2019): A Bibliometric Review." Forum for Linguistic Studies 2, no. 1 (2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/fls.v2i1.1205.
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Different from traditional discourse analysis, multimodal discourse analysis (MDA), a systematic analysis of different semiotic modes, utilizing language, images, sounds in a discourse, emphasizes the coordination of both dynamic and static semiotic resources. This study presents the status quo and development trend of the research field through an objective, systematic, and comprehensive review of relevant publications available from the Web of Science Core Collection. Analysis techniques including a descriptive statistical method and a bibliometric method are used. The study quantitatively analyzes the publications in terms of general characteristics, geographical distribution, high-cited representatives, and topic discovery and distribution to illustrate the development and trend of MDA. The research findings are as follows: (1) In the past 10 years or so, international MDA research has presented a significant growth trend, with flourishing research output, interest and diversification of presented subjects; (2) New topics are constantly emerging, with research topics mainly focusing on the development of visual grammar, gesture, digital technologies, conference presentations, metonymy and metaphor, etc.; (3) Research focuses mainly on multimodality, semiotics, conversation analysis, critical discourse analysis etc.; (4) The article also listed a series of important and highly influential literature, countries, journals and authors on MDA during different periods. It is hoped that this paper can provide a reference for the further study of MDA.
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Collis, Adam. "Ryoki Ikeda and the Prioritising of Space over Time in Musical Discourse." Organised Sound 22, no. 3 (2017): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771817000541.
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No art form so rigorously organises time as music. Whereas all art in some sense exists in time, music could be said to be of time. This article, however, questions implicit assumptions about the fundamental nature of time to music. In contrast, an alternative approach to the discourse of composition and analysis is proposed in which space rather than time is privileged. Russolo, Stockhausen, Cage and Agostino Di Scipio are cited as historical precedents where the status of time in music is questioned but a more detailed consideration is given to Ryoji Ikeda, a contemporary sound-art practitioner who, it is argued, represents a turn towards the privileging of space in contemporary music practice. This article argues that an approach to composition that implicitly accepts the primacy of time tends to privilege sounds that are more easily described symbolically, such as notated pitched sounds or materials with clear spectromorphological design. In contrast, an approach that places greater concern with the work in space facilitates the greater use of materials that could be considered ‘noise’, in the sense of both a broadband spectrum and signal disruption.
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Hilton, Shona, Christina H. Buckton, Chris Patterson, et al. "Following in the footsteps of tobacco and alcohol? Stakeholder discourse in UK newspaper coverage of the Soft Drinks Industry Levy." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 12 (2019): 2317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000739.
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AbstractObjective:In politically contested health debates, stakeholders on both sides present arguments and evidence to influence public opinion and the political agenda. The present study aimed to examine whether stakeholders in the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) debate sought to establish or undermine the acceptability of this policy through the news media and how this compared with similar policy debates in relation to tobacco and alcohol industries.Design:Quantitative and qualitative content analysis of newspaper articles discussing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation published in eleven UK newspapers between 1 April 2015 and 30 November 2016, identified through the Nexis database. Direct stakeholder citations were entered in NVivo to allow inductive thematic analysis and comparison with an established typology of industry stakeholder arguments used by the alcohol and tobacco industries.Setting:UK newspapers.Participants:Proponents and opponents of SSB tax/SDIL cited in UK newspapers.Results:Four hundred and ninety-one newspaper articles cited stakeholders’ (n 287) arguments in relation to SSB taxation (n 1761: 65 % supportive and 35 % opposing). Stakeholders’ positions broadly reflected their vested interests. Inconsistencies arose from: changes in ideological position; insufficient clarity on the nature of the problem to be solved; policy priorities; and consistency with academic rigour. Both opposing and supportive themes were comparable with the alcohol and tobacco industry typology.Conclusions:Public health advocates were particularly prominent in the UK newspaper debate surrounding the SDIL. Advocates in future policy debates might benefit from seeking a similar level of prominence and avoiding inconsistencies by being clearer about the policy objective and mechanisms.
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Milyukova, Anna. "Discourse of a special event in mass media (on the example of Robert Rozhdestvensky Altai Regional Literary Festival)." Филология: научные исследования, no. 12 (December 2020): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.12.34773.
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The subject of this article is the components of media discourse of a cultural event. Based on the quantitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis of media materials, the author examines peculiarities of the discourse of Robert Rozhdestvensky Altai Regional Literary Festival held since 2007. Analysis is conducted on the quantitative characteristics of publication dynamics (distribution of the material by type of media; by tone i.e. the context of mentioning – positive, negative, or neutral). Characteristic to these media texts is given from the perspective of organization of the discourse: determination of the tone of mentioning and discursive role of the mentioned individuals and organizations – active or passive, representation of communicative events. It is established that the event is covered primarily on the media platforms of regional authorities. Among the most frequently cited subjects in a positive context are the common participants, prominent figures, members of the poet's family, representatives of commercial organizations — sponsors and partners; while in a negative context – political parties, mass media, and administration. An active discursive role characterizes the organizations and representatives of culture and education, among whom are famous actors and authorities, including the governor; less active are the members of poet’s family, political parties, and commercial organizations. Therefore, most discursively active and presented in a positive way are the authorities, organizations and representatives of culture and education. Discursively passive participants are the common participants of a special event. The article demonstrates the positioning of the head of the region within structure of media discourse.
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Carroll, Heather B. "Identifying stylizations in ethnically salient talk among disc jockeys." Language in Society 42, no. 3 (2013): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404513000237.
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AbstractBefore accepting claims of the function of linguistic stylization, it is imperative that we are certain of what we are examining. Mikhail Bakhtin's widely cited definition that stylization is an “artistic representation of another's linguistic style” (1986:362) leaves unclear what counts as “artistic,” making identifying stylizations simultaneously intuitively obvious and empirically illusive. Drawing from 270 hours of data from a radio program, the current study uses interactional discourse and acoustic analyses to compare one disc jockey's exaggerations of ethnically salient accents (stylizations) with his mundane use of reported speech. The analyses demonstrate that in both types of talk he uses a similar bundle of interactional and acoustic resources to design his talk as belonging to someone else. The link between reported and stylized speech places stylizations in an analytical category distinct from that of crossing and its issues of language ownership. The pertinent questions are those of speaker responsibility. (Crossing, stylization, reported speech, discourse analysis, acoustic analysis)*
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Clark, David A. R. "Psalm 74:8 and November 1938: rereading Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Kristallnacht annotation in its interpretive context." Scottish Journal of Theology 71, no. 3 (2018): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930618000315.
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AbstractFollowing Kristallnacht, Dietrich Bonhoeffer marked the date of the pogrom beside Psalm 74:8 in his personal Bible. This annotation has been frequently cited; however, though scholars have recognised historical implications of associating this psalm text with Kristallnacht, the discourse has yet to examine this annotation thoroughly in the context of Bonhoeffer's figural interpretation of the Psalms during this period. This article will establish the context of Bonhoeffer's figural approach to the Psalter in order to address this question: by connecting Psalm 74:8 with Kristallnacht, what theological claim might Bonhoeffer have been making about the events of November 1938?
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Angerler, Eva, and Barbara Liegl. "CSR and corporate governance in Austria." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 14, no. 1 (2008): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890801400108.
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This article deals with the political discourse on corporate social responsibility in Austria and presents two organisations that represent social partner organisations and NGOs promoting CSR, although they focus on different topics and elements of CSR. Standardisation, transparency and credibility are important aspects in a broad range of CSR initiatives. Codes of corporate governance are cited as an example of the problems faced when introducing voluntary instruments in the CSR context. Although many different organisations are participating in the CSR debate and have launched various initiatives, companies have not implemented holistic CSR measures aiming at sustainable development to a significant degree.
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Seel, Heidemarie, Nikolaj Lunze, and Laura Avram. "Interpersonal communication: Basics of interaction and negotiation." Virgil Madgearu Review of Economic Studies and Research 14, no. 1 (2021): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/rvm.2021.14.75.
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This essay dates back to a series of lectures we ran some years ago, and to respective manuscripts written for students to help them prepare for their exams. The idea is to summarize some of the most relevant empirically confirmed theories and findings on interpersonal communication in a brief compendium. That is why – thus deviating from usual scientific conventions – no references will be found within the following discourse. The scientific authors which we are, above all, obliged to many thanks are: Watzlawick, Argyle, Scherer, and Schulz von Thun. Their pioneering research work will be cited among our references.
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Mendes, Rúben, Teresa Fidélis, Peter Roebeling, and Filipe Teles. "The Institutionalization of Nature-Based Solutions—A Discourse Analysis of Emergent Literature." Resources 9, no. 1 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9010006.
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The European Union quickly incorporated the concept of nature based-solutions (NBS), becoming a key promotor. This was achieved through financial support for both academic research and city implementations. Still, the processes of institutionalization are yet to be fully explored. This study aims at assessing how the scientific literature regarding NBS is addressing institutional aspects and how it is constructing the NBS narrative. This research is divided into two stages. First, it undertakes a quantitative analysis of the discourse, considering a set of preselected search terms organized into five categories: Actor, institutional, planning, policy, and regulation. Second, it adopts a qualitative analysis considering both a group of the most cited articles and of articles highlighted in the previous stage. The results indicate that the NBS concept is still shadowed by other environmental concepts such as ecosystem services. Despite being an issue promoted at the European level, the results of this exercise express the lack of concrete planning and policy recommendations, reflected by the absence of terms such as “planning objectives”. This pattern occurs in all other major categories, being the institutional category the least mentioned of all five categories. The results highlight the need to address both policies and planning recommendations more concretely, studying the institutional arrangements able to promote NBS.
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Senanayake, Harsha. "Hollywood and Wicked Other: The Identity Formation of “Western Us” Versus “Muslim Others”." Open Political Science 4, no. 1 (2021): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2021-0007.
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Abstract An image on a screen can produce a greater effect than thousands of words in conveying a message and in popular culture, movies with images as a representation, create a discourse. Out of many, Hollywood which has become a flagbearer of western cinema, plays an important role in constructing identity and images including the stereotyping of Muslims. This paper attempts to identify the discourse of ‘US’ verses ‘THEM’ through Hollywood and in which ways Hollywood has constructed the stereotypical identity of Muslims. The main research question is whether the stereotyping of Muslims in Hollywood is a result of 9/11 global terrorism or has it been shaped by the historical discourse of western orientalism. The case study method has been employed to derive the insights of the discourse with the theoretical lights of Orientalism. A number of Hollywood movies have been cited to validate the identity formation process led by Hollywood in pre and post 9/11 American society and illustrate how the image has been used by Hollywood to construct ‘US’ verses ‘THEM’ in popular culture. This paper argues that Hollywood has depicted Muslims as barbaric, wicked others as a result of the civilizational mission of the West, orientalism and post 9/11 Hollywood cinema advocate these roots, yet with 9/11 Hollywood cinema plays a pivotal role in the securitization of ‘Muslim others’ and politicize Muslims as a threat to western society by stereotyping Muslim society in a post 9/11 epoch.
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Lundine, Jennifer P., and Rebecca J. McCauley. "A Tutorial on Expository Discourse: Structure, Development, and Disorders in Children and Adolescents." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 25, no. 3 (2016): 306–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-14-0130.
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PurposeWith the adoption of the Common Core State Standards, expository texts gain prominence at all grade levels and for all disciplines. Although the linguistic and cognitive complexities of exposition pose challenges for all children, they may create additional challenges for children and adolescents with language difficulties. Therefore, this tutorial provides background information for clinicians regarding the structure, development, and specific difficulties associated with exposition across the 4 modalities of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This background is intended to help direct the attention of researchers and clinicians to needed advances in knowledge and skill if the profession is to adequately support the population of children and adolescents who struggle with language.MethodThis tutorial is based on an extensive narrative review of articles identified using a systematic search process. Cited research studies are discussed qualitatively, but intervention studies are also characterized in terms of the strength of their research designs. This method is undertaken to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the current state of research on these topics.ConclusionsFuture research needs are proposed to promote discussion among researchers and to prepare clinicians for the kinds of evidence they should be demanding as a basis for their practice.