Books on the topic 'Citing patent'

This article reflects on the lessons about grief and dying acquired by a palliative care and hospice physician over the course of her training and career. The article describes how she views, engages, and incorporates grief into her work as a health-care provider based on her personal experiences and lessons learned from mentors, patients, and families. It describes ways to better understand the types of loss one can personally experience and need to “tag your baggage” as a way of loss experiences before patient discussions. The article then emphasizes the importance of managing one’s expectations when working with a patient and/or family facing end-of-life issues, citing a pervasive concept in palliative and hospice care known as the “good death.” Finally, it discusses the role of communication and supportive skills in dealing with dying patients and their families, along with debriefing and self-care.

As with other professions involved with the care of persons with HIV/AIDS, social work is undergoing changes that have had a positive effect on the quality of care for patients. This chapter presents some of the changes in social work practice and provides references from literature citing innovative work to support the current trends. The need for interdisciplinary teamwork among the disciplines involved, with emphasis on patients’ adherence to their medical care, is highlighted. A New York State–sponsored program to help promote adherence is discussed. A biopsychosocial approach to patient care is evident throughout the chapter. This biopsychosocial approach, implemented through collaboration among disciplines, has been a mainstay of social work practice over the years and is likely to remain so for years to come.

In a book of importance to all women, expert authors provide an authoritative rebuttal to the widely held belief that estrogen therapy is the best treatment for perimenopausal women. In this revealing work, a medical writer and an internationally known physician team up to explain the controversy over prescribing estrogen for perimenopausal women in the United States and to detail why progesterone is actually a far more effective, and far less risk-ridden, approach. Citing longstanding and emerging research, patient vignettes, and personal experience, endocrinologist Jerilynn Prior and writer Susan Baxter explain how false beliefs about estrogen became entrenched in U.S. medicine and culture—and how and why business and politics have played a role in this erroneous thinking. Like most women in Europe now, Prior's patients find progesterone the key to dealing with a lifecycle transition that, contrary to Western medicine, these authors do not see as a disease. Challenging medical orthodoxy,The Estrogen Errors: Why Progesterone Is Better for Women's Healthpresents arguments and evidence that women and their doctors, male and female, will find compelling and useful.

Part I of II: Beginning with several literary and nonfiction patient accounts elaborating alienating healthcare experiences, this chapter offers a brief overview of 20th-century attitudes and movements informing medical pedagogy and practice in the U.S., citing such figures as Abraham Flexner, Francis Peabody, Eric Cassell and others. Seeking an understanding of the dissociative underpinnings of medical practice, the chapter turns to the Western philosophical lineage, with particular emphasis on mind–body dualism. Beginning with Plato, key passages in The Republic and The Symposium are examined, exploring Plato’s influential conception of the hierarchy between the physical and intelligible realms. Descartes’ Enlightenment philosophy and his approach to knowledge—with thought abstracted from the physical realm—is discussed in detail, alongside the connections between such thought and medical practice. The chapter closes with a question, to be addressed in Part II: Might philosophy offer more salutary approaches to understanding healthcare?

Patient, disease and physician were the three corners of the ‘medical triangle’ according to one of the texts attributed to Hippocrates, a famous ancient Greek doctor. This volume, covering a period from roughly 800 BCE to 800 CE, examines and deconstructs these three aspects of ancient medicine in the Mediterranean world. It shows that, while physicians sought to assert themselves as experts in the medical art, they had to contend with numerous other healers whose methods, remedies and tools patients often favoured. It explores the ways in which civic entities, cities, kingdoms and empires, and their officials directly and indirectly shaped medical encounters and discoveries. It examines the interaction between medicine and the environment, non-human animals and plants. To attempt a cultural history of medicine in antiquity requires bringing together a wealth of sources: the texts attributed to Hippocrates, Galen and other medical authors are not neglected, but they are studied alongside other literary and historical works, letters on papyri, funerary inscriptions celebrating healers, surgical tools and bioarchaeological remains. While discussing the enduring cultural impact of classical Greek and Roman medicine in the West, through texts such as the Hippocratic Oath or names of diseases and types of medicines, this volume reveals the various ways in which health, disease and medical treatments were experienced diversely in the ancient world, according to gender, socio-economic class and ethnicity.

Unlike previous chapters, which are driven by the primary sources, this one relies on works by scholars and activists. From studies of the US, Australia, and Africa, this chapter finds a sharp break during the early 1990s in perceptions of HIV/AIDS’s social and political consequences. From emphasizing hate, violence, discrimination, and stigmatization, AIDS scholars and activists began focusing on the outpouring of volunteerism, charity, compassion, and successes from political activism: organizational developments (CBIs), volunteerism across communities—gay and straight, creativity in the arts, reshaping doctor–patient relations, the enhanced importance of nursing, achievements within the power structures of cities, and advances in gay and lesbian rights. This chapter brings together the book’s three principal categories for exploring the social side effects of epidemics in history—hate, compassion, and politics.

This book addresses key historical, scientific, legal, and philosophical issues surrounding euthanasia and assisted suicide in the United States as well as in other countries and cultures. Euthanasia was practiced by Greek physicians as early as 500 BC. In the 20th century, legal and ethical controversies surrounding assisted dying exploded. Many religions and medical organizations led the way in opposition, citing the incompatibility of assisted dying with various religious traditions and with the obligations of medical personnel toward their patients. Today, these practices remain highly controversial both in the United States and around the world. Comprising contributions from an international group of experts, this book thoroughly investigates euthanasia and assisted suicide from an interdisciplinary and global perspective. It presents the ethical arguments for and against assisted dying; highlights how assisted dying is perceived in various cultural and philosophical traditions-for example, South and East Asian cultures, Latin American perspectives, and religions including Islam and Christianity; and considers how assisted dying has both shaped and been shaped by the emergence of professionalized bioethics. Readers will also learn about the most controversial issues related to assisted dying, such as pediatric euthanasia, assisted dying for organ transplantation, and "suicide tourism," and examine concerns relating to assisted dying for racial minorities, children, and the disabled.

Integrative Sexual Health explores beyond the standard topics in men’s and women’s health, drawing on a very rich and diverse research literature. Books on sexuality typically are for the clinical specialist and cite only focally relevant research, or are geared to lay knowledge and cite almost no research. Integrative Sexual Health provides an overview of sexual biology and sexual dysfunction, diverse lifespan, lifestyle, and environmental impacts on sexual function, applies complementary and integrative medicine solutions to sexual problems, and offers traditional Eastern and Western treatment approaches to resolving sexual difficulties. Written by diverse integratively trained experts in sexuality, psychology, psychiatry, and other medical specialties. Integrative Sexual Health includes clinical vignettes, detailed treatment strategies for mitigating the side effects of medications, and sexual dysfunction associated with medical illness and poor lifestyle habits, as well as citing extensive research and further resources. Integrative treatment modalities not typically consulted in mainstream sexual medicine, such as traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, aromatherapy, and botanical medicine are presented with the best available evidence, in a clinically relevant manner. This volume in the Weil Integrative Medicine Library will be valuable to the specialist and non-specialist alike, who seek to understand and treat sexual problems using an integrative medicine approach, and acquire tools to help patients maintain lifetime optimal general health and vitality that supports healthy sexuality.

This epilogue summarizes C. Francis Jenkins' pioneering ideas that have all come to fruition, a testament that he was a man with a vision. Jenkins dreamed of uniting television and motion pictures with his patents and inventions. He saw the potential of television and film as educational and entertaining tools, a visual art of communication with the capability of unifying people and nations. He envisioned cities and individuals being connected by multiple systems and services, as well as television surpassing radio's success in terms of audience. This epilogue also asks speculative and rhetorical questions of alternative history related to Jenkins and his work, for example, what would happen if: Jenkins had been given a stronger management role in the Jenkins Television Corporation and the overall De Forest organization; the Great Depression had not occurred; or the Radio Corporation of America had followed Jenkins' electro-optical scanning theories instead of burying them in favor of Vladmir Zworykin's electronics.

‘…a brilliant exploration of urbanism between the concept city and the lived city.… The volume focuses on urban life lived between home and the world, institutions and experiences, representations and affects…. Its fascinating range of empirically rich and analytically sophisticated excavations of neighbourhoods make the volume a must-have in the bookshelf on South Asian urban studies.’ –Gyan Prakash, Princeton University ‘A must-read for those who wish to study the micro aspects of contemporary urbanity.’ –Sujata Patel, Savitribai Phule Pune University ‘This book is a powerful addition to the study of Indian urbanism.’ –Ravi Sundaram, Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) In the last couple of decades, the global South, in general, and India, in particular, have witnessed a massive growth of cities. In India, more than one-third of its population lives in cities. However, urban development, growth and expansion are not merely about infrastructures and enlargement of cityscapes. This edited volume focuses on neighbourhoods, their particularities and their role in shaping our understanding of the urban in India. It locates Indian experiences in the larger context of the global South and seeks to decentre the dominant Euro-American discourse of urban social life. Neighbourhoods in Urban India: In Between Home and the City offers an understanding of neighbourhoods as changing socio-spatial units in their specific regional settings by underlining the way value regimes (religiosity and subjectivities) give neighbourhoods their social meanings and stereotypes. It unpacks discourses and knowledge practices, such as planning, architecture and urban discourses of governance. It further discloses the linkages and disjunctures between the social practices of neighbourhoods and the language, logic and experiences of dwelling, housing, urban planning and governance, and focuses on the particularities and heterogeneities of neighbourhoods and neighbourliness.

Any public debate about air pollution starts with the premise that air pollution cannot be good for you, so we should have less of it. However, it is much more difficult to determine how much is dangerous, and even more difficult to decide how much we are willing to pay for improvements in measured air pollution. Recent UK estimates suggest that fine particulate pollution causes about 6500 deaths per year, although it is not clear how many years of life are lost as a result. Some deaths may just be brought forward by a few days or weeks, while others may be truly premature. Globally, household pollution from cooking fuels may cause up to two million premature deaths per year in the developing world. The hazards of black smoke air pollution have been known since antiquity. The first descriptions of deaths caused by air pollution are those recorded after the eruption of Vesuvius in ad 79. In modern times, the infamous smogs of the early twentieth century in Belgium and London were clearly shown to trigger deaths in people with chronic bronchitis and heart disease. In mechanistic terms, black smoke and sulphur dioxide generated from industrial processes and domestic coal burning cause airway inflammation, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, and consequent heart failure. Epidemiological analysis has confirmed that the deaths included both those who were likely to have died soon anyway and those who might well have survived for months or years if the pollution event had not occurred. Clean air legislation has dramatically reduced the levels of these traditional pollutants in the West, although these pollutants are still important in China, and smoke from solid cooking fuel continues to take a heavy toll amongst women in less developed parts of the world. New forms of air pollution have emerged, principally due to the increase in motor vehicle traffic since the 1950s. The combination of fine particulates and ground-level ozone causes ‘summer smogs’ which intensify over cities during summer periods of high barometric pressure. In Los Angeles and Mexico City, ozone concentrations commonly reach levels which are associated with adverse respiratory effects in normal and asthmatic subjects. Ozone directly affects the airways, causing reduced inspiratory capacity. This effect is more marked in patients with asthma and is clinically important, since epidemiological studies have found linear associations between ozone concentrations and admission rates for asthma and related respiratory diseases. Ozone induces an acute neutrophilic inflammatory response in both human and animal airways, together with release of chemokines (e.g. interleukin 8 and growth-related oncogene-alpha). Nitrogen oxides have less direct effect on human airways, but they increase the response to allergen challenge in patients with atopic asthma. Nitrogen oxide exposure also increases the risk of becoming ill after exposure to influenza. Alveolar macrophages are less able to inactivate influenza viruses and this leads to an increased probability of infection after experimental exposure to influenza. In the last two decades, major concerns have been raised about the effects of fine particulates. An association between fine particulate levels and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and morbidity was first reported in 1993 and has since been confirmed in several other countries. Globally, about 90% of airborne particles are formed naturally, from sea spray, dust storms, volcanoes, and burning grass and forests. Human activity accounts for about 10% of aerosols (in terms of mass). This comes from transport, power stations, and various industrial processes. Diesel exhaust is the principal source of fine particulate pollution in Europe, while sea spray is the principal source in California, and agricultural activity is a major contributor in inland areas of the US. Dust storms are important sources in the Sahara, the Middle East, and parts of China. The mechanism of adverse health effects remains unclear but, unlike the case for ozone and nitrogen oxides, there is no safe threshold for the health effects of particulates. Since the 1990s, tax measures aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions have led to a rapid rise in the proportion of new cars with diesel engines. In the UK, this rose from 4% in 1990 to one-third of new cars in 2004 while, in France, over half of new vehicles have diesel engines. Diesel exhaust particles may increase the risk of sensitization to airborne allergens and cause airways inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. Extensive epidemiological work has confirmed that there is an association between increased exposure to environmental fine particulates and death from cardiovascular causes. Various mechanisms have been proposed: cardiac rhythm disturbance seems the most likely at present. It has also been proposed that high numbers of ultrafine particles may cause alveolar inflammation which then exacerbates preexisting cardiac and pulmonary disease. In support of this hypothesis, the metal content of ultrafine particles induces oxidative stress when alveolar macrophages are exposed to particles in vitro. While this is a plausible mechanism, in epidemiological studies it is difficult to separate the effects of ultrafine particles from those of other traffic-related pollutants.