Academic literature on the topic 'Citizen's initiative'

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Journal articles on the topic "Citizen's initiative"

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Organ, James. "Decommissioning Direct Democracy? A Critical Analysis of Commission Decision-Making on the Legal Admissibility of European Citizens Initiative Proposals." European Constitutional Law Review 10, no. 3 (2014): 422–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s157401961400131x.

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European Citizens' Initiative – Direct democracy: power to the people? – Legal framework of the Citizen's Initiative – Review and critical analysis of Commission Registration decisions for European Citizens' Initiative proposals – Admissibility criteria – Inconsistency in registration decisions – Increased legal burden on European citizens' initiative organisers – Institutional mediation or direct democracy?
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Davies, Bleddyn. "Giving EU Citizens a voice: Regulation 211/2011 on the EU Citizen's Initiative." Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 33, no. 3 (2011): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09649069.2011.626253.

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Red'ko, Aleksandr. "Legal awareness and legal education as a form of implementation of legal initiative." Advances in Law Studies 9, no. 3 (2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2021-9-3-1-5.

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The modern society of the Russian Federation is faced with the massive incompetence of specialists in various fields of activity and branches of knowledge. The situation reached such a climax that a person and a citizen began to be openly afraid to get sick, to turn to law enforcement or human rights bodies, to delve into the essence or content of laws in the event of any kind of tort. Setting ourselves the goal of understanding such destructive processes for the state, as well as the ways of their counteraction, we came to the conclusion that these phenomena of objective reality are associate
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Al-Yaseen, Hussein, Anas Ratib Al-Soud, and Saheer Al-Jaghoub. "Assessing Jordan's e-Government Maturity Level." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 9, no. 4 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegr.2013100101.

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Similar to other developing countries, Jordan started a national e-government initiative aiming to streamline government procedures and make information and government services available to business and citizens online. This paper presents the results of a study that assessed factors which could influence the awareness level, acceptance and use of e-government services in Jordan. It investigated issues such as: accessibility of e-government, citizen's attitude toward various privacy and security, the required services and costs. A survey has been distributed in one of the largest governorates
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Bowerman, Mary. "AUDITING PERFORMANCE INDICATORS: THE ROLE OF THE AUDIT COMMISSION IN THE CITIZEN'S CHARTER INITIATIVE." Financial Accountability and Management 11, no. 2 (1995): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0408.1995.tb00168.x.

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Verhoeven, Imrat, and Evelien Tonkens. "Bewonersinitiatieven: partnerschap tussen burgers en overheid." Beleid en Maatschappij 38, no. 4 (2011): 419–37. https://doi.org/10.5553/benm/2011038004005.

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Citizen’s initiatives: partnership between citizens and government In recent years the Dutch welfare state has invested substantial sums of money in activation of citizen’s initiatives in deprived neighbourhoods. As a policy concept citizen’s initiatives refers to enhancements by citizens to the quality of life in their neighbourhood. Is this activation policy productive or counterproductive for citizen participation? This question is answered by analyzing the representativeness of the activated citizens, the nature of their initiatives, the type of relations they develop with institutions, an
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Bellamy, Richard, and John Greenaway. "The New Right Conception of Citizenship and the Citizen's Charter." Government and Opposition 30, no. 4 (1995): 469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1995.tb00139.x.

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MANY COMMENTATORS HAVE VIEWED THE CITIZEN'S CHARTER programme as a cynical exercise, having little to do with either the political participation one associates with citizenship or the establishment of a general bill of rights in the manner of the great Charters of the past. Although these criticisms possess some force, they fail to recognize that a distinctive conception of citizenship and rights underlies the initiative. In section one, we give an outline of this view of the citizen and trace its origins in the New Right critique of the social-democratic theory that predominated during the po
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De Keersmaecker, Filip, and Philippe Liesenborghs. "Building bridges between organisations and the local community." International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (2023): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23293.

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Introduction: People long for connection. Yet, our society is increasingly diverse and people can be vulnerable in a number of ways (poverty/(mental) illness/language barriers/...). There is an ever growing need for inclusion, for openness.
 Objectives and methods: Since 2016, I seeked to improve my wellbeing - even to recover - by participating in activities outside of the mental health sector. A chance meeting led to a volunteering opportunity for opgewekTienen vzw, a citizen's initiative in my home town. This led to a string of other opportunities, both for myself and others. I helped
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Schiavo, Luca Lo. "Quality Standards in the Public Sector: Differences Between Italy and the UK in the Citizen's Charter initiative." Public Administration 78, no. 3 (2000): 679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9299.00224.

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Breen, Michael E., and Brian R. Johnson. "Citizen Police Academies: An Analysis of Enhanced Police-Community Relations among Citizen Attendees." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 80, no. 3 (2007): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2007.80.3.246.

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One current initiative used by many police agencies across the United States to foster better police-community relations is the Citizen's Police Academy (CPA). While CPAs lack a precise academic definition, they can be considered to be a planned programme created by law enforcement agencies to educate their citizens on police operations and management. Over the last 20 years, CPA programmes have rapidly expanded among police agencies in the United States, where it is estimated that approximately 15% of all police agencies have some type of these programmes. This article expands upon the limite
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Citizen's initiative"

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Fernandez, Andujar Miguel. "La participation du peuple à l'élaboration des normes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU2161.

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Sous le souvenir invétéré d'une démocratie passée, purement directe, dans laquelle le peuple décidait lui-même de toutes les questions relatives à la sphère publique, la participation populaire continue d'être une source de débats et d'études animés. Ce travail aborde cette participation populaire d'un point de vue purement juridique, en l'examinant selon les étapes d'une procédure visant à l'élaboration d'une norme. Ce faisant, il apporte une réponse à un problème jusqu'ici non résolu : déterminer si le peuple et le Parlement peuvent coexister en tant que législateurs au sein d'un même ordre
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Dorji, Sithar. "E-government initiatives in Bhutan: Government to Citizen(G2C) service delivery initiative - A case study." Thesis, Dorji, Sithar (2012) E-government initiatives in Bhutan: Government to Citizen(G2C) service delivery initiative - A case study. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/11508/.

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Since the second half of 20th century the world has witnessed unprecedented waves of public sector reforms that are global in nature and scope (Miller 2005); this is commonly referred to as New Public Management (NPM) (Hood 1991; Tolofari 2005; Atreya 2002). The advent, adoption and spread of public sector reforms in both developed and developing nations was mainly driven by the quest for overcoming the problems of the traditional bureaucratic model of public administration, which is often perceived as too big, expensive and inefficient in delivering public services (UNECA 2003; Tolofari 2005;
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Keown, Laura Beth 1987. "Making Policy Deliberative: The Case of Citizens' Initiative Review in Oregon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10665.

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ix, 123 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.<br>Literature on deliberation has made claims that deliberation in policy making will result in increased legitimacy of collective decisions, more attention to public interests, respect among disagreeing parties, and fewer policy mistakes through complete understanding of issues. Past empirical research on deliberative projects has focused on assessing whether these outcomes of deliberation occur in reality. This research seeks to answer the question
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Piazza, Martina <1993&gt. "European Citizens’ Initiative: origins, evolution and the future of participatory democracy." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12743.

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The work stems from a research on citizens’ involvement into the activities of the European Union, as a solution to the widespread sense of disaffection, lack of trust towards the institutions, increasing rate of democratic deficit and low level of EU legitimacy. With this regard, the work focuses on the European citizens’ initiative, which was firstly introduced in 2009 with the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty as one of the main novelties in reforming the role of the institutions and the decision-making process, namely considered as the first supranational instrument of participatory de
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Hatton, Lucy. "Democratic legitimacy and the European Citizens' Initiative : a recipe for disappointment and disaffection?" Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/86232/.

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The European Union has long been argued to suffer from a deficit of democratic legitimacy. One recent innovation introduced with the intention of addressing this deficit is the European Citizens’ Initiative (ECI), a means by which 1 million EU citizens can ask the European Commission to propose new legislation. In 2015, three years following its introduction, opinions on the performance of the ECI amongst EU politicians, journalists and campaigners are tinged with disappointment and disaffection. This thesis asks to what extent the sceptics are warranted in their frustrations towards the ECI o
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Wubbold, Ari Joaquin. "Evaluating the Impact of Oregon's Citizen Initiative Review (CIR) on Voter Decisions." Thesis, Portland State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10687045.

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<p> Voters are getting information from more and more sources. Along with this proliferation of sources has come an increasing distrust of traditional mass media. This has created a challenge for voters who seek reliable information when making decisions in the voting booth; including on ballot initiatives. Because voters tend to find ballot initiatives confusing and not easily informed by traditional party cues, the Citizen&rsquo;s Initiative Review (CIR) and the non-partisan, fact-based recommendations they produce have now spread into multiple states. My thesis seeks to gauge whether the CI
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Starskaya, Margarita, and Özgüc Çagdas. "Analysis of the Online Collection Software provided by the European Commission for the European Citizens' Initiative." Department für Informationsverarbeitung und Prozessmanagement, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2012. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3643/1/Binder1_(2).pdf.

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Schum, Richard M. "A study in direct democracy the citizen initiative & the determinants of voter behavior /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3409.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.<br>Vita: p. 187. Thesis director: Edgar H. Sibley. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 16, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-186). Also issued in print.
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Flores, Lopez Jesus Arturo. "The politics of participatory democratic initiatives in Mexico : a comparative study of three localities." Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10818/.

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Sandoval, Quezada Natalia Belén. "Citizens resisting Smart Cities’ initiatives : The case of Concepción (Chile) and the R+D PACYT project." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43674.

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Parque Científico y Tecnológico (PACYT, Science and Technology Park) is a large-scale R+D project that seems to be framed in a Smart City plan for Concepción, Chile, which the media has presented as “the Chilean Silicon Valley” (Araus, 2015; Tele13, 2019) and promises to bring not only research and development opportunities for the city but also thousands of direct and indirect jobs (Estudio Interdiseño, 2018; la Tercera, 2015) carried out by PACYT Corporation. Nonetheless, voices have raised to question the construction of the 91 hectares initiative, and some of them have even organized in ci
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Books on the topic "Citizen's initiative"

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Clarke, Trevor. The Citizen's Charter: Opportunities lost : an examination of the Citizen's Charter initiative as it relates to the provision of several services in Northern Ireland, with particular reference to district councils. The Author], 1995.

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Initiative, Citizen's. Hard facts: From a survey of 2797 families who have survived the violence in Gujarat : a report by Citizen's Initiative. Citizen's Initiative, 2002.

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Commission, Great Britain Countryside. A commitment to quality: Service standards set by the Countryside Commission as a contribution to the Government's Citizen's charter initiative. Countryside Commission, 1992.

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Setälä, Maija, and Theo Schiller, eds. Citizens’ Initiatives in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230369900.

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Zimmerman, Joseph Francis. The initiative: Citizen lawmaking. State University of New York Press, 2014.

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Mitra, Chenoy Kamal, ed. Violence in Gujarat: Test case for a larger fundamentalist agenda : report of the Citizen's Commission on persecution of Christians in Gujarat, an initiative of the National Alliance of Women. The Alliance, 1999.

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Vagin, Vladimir, Milyausha Pinskaya, Nadezhda Gavrilova, and Natal'ya Shapovalova. Taxes of citizens in initiative budgeting. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816637.

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The monograph is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the productivity of the methodology of initiative budgeting in relation to taxation. The ways of involving citizens in public administration and budget decisions formed in Russian and foreign studies are revealed. It is shown that one of the promising practices of initiative budgeting can be the participation of citizens in decisions on the direction of part of the expenditures of local budgets for co-financing projects of initiative budgeting. It is revealed that additional positive effects arise in the form of increased motivation fo
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Besley, Timothy. Issue unbundling via citizens' initiatives. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000.

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Holloway, Richard. Supporting citizen's initiatives: Bangladesh's NGOs and society. University Press, 1998.

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Ann, Wolfe M., and Library of Congress. Congressional Research Service, eds. Initiative, referendum and recall by citizen petition. Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Citizen's initiative"

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Holloway, Richard. "Prelims - Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.000.

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Holloway, Richard. "1. NGOS–What Are They and Why Do People Get So Excited About Them; The Confusing Situation Of NGOs, The Government and The Press In Bangladesh–July-Aug ‘92 25." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.001.

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Holloway, Richard. "2. The Prince, The Merchant, and The Citizen–Long Live The Citizens Associations!; Civil Society: The Non-Profit Private Sector." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.002.

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Holloway, Richard. "3. NGOs Are Only One Part of The Third Sector In The South–An Analysis From Bangladesh; The Great Value of Non-Government Organizations In Bangladesh: An Introduction For Parliamentarians." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.003.

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Holloway, Richard. "4. Introduction To The Third Sector Of Society–The Voluntary Sector." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.004.

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Holloway, Richard. "5. Supporting The Sustainability of The NGO Sector–Not Just More Funds For NGOs; Options For Sustainability." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.005.

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Holloway, Richard. "6. Alternatives To Donor Funds For South Asian NGOs–What Do We Know and What Do We Need To Know?" In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.006.

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Holloway, Richard. "7. Background On The Proposed NGO Bill 1993; NGOs, Political Parties and Government–The Election of 1991 and Its Aftermath." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.007.

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Holloway, Richard. "8. NGOs and Political Parties–The Case of Khet Majur Samity; Perspectives On The Enabling Environment In Bangladesh–Opportunities And Challenges For NGOs and Peoples Organizations." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.008.

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Holloway, Richard. "9. Building The Sector–How PRIP Helps To Build The NGO Capacity In Bangladesh." In Supporting Citizens’ Initiatives. Practical Action Publishing, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780446066.009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Citizen's initiative"

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Marques, Maria Francisca, Marta Paz, and Tiago Ribeiro. "NEUROMYTHS AND COGNITIVE HEALTH: A STUDY WITH SENIOR CITIZENS." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s08/61.

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Neuroscience has witnessed profound scientific and technological advancements over recent decades, transforming our understanding of the brain and leading to significant improvements in both diagnosing and treating neurological disorders. This field of knowledge is an exciting topic for researchers and health professionals, psychologists, educators, and even the general public. The rapid expansion and the complexities of neurosciences have also led to the emergence and spread of several neuromyths. These myths concern various misconceptions or unfounded beliefs arising from incorrect interpret
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Jocteur Monrozier, Francois. "Lucioles: A Mobile Application to Empower Citizens for a Sustainable Planet, an Initiative of French Institutions (CNES, ADEME and OFB) Within the Open Planet Facts Project." In IAF Symposium on Integrated Applications, Held at the 75th International Astronautical Congress (IAC 2024). International Astronautical Federation (IAF), 2024. https://doi.org/10.52202/078366-0006.

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Onorati, Chiara. "AIR POLLUTION RESPONSIBILITY OF MEMBER STATES." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs02/01.

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The European directives on air pollution liability have undergone several substantial changes. The approval in October 2024 of a new directive has highlighted the problems present in the previous directives. This study analyses how they were addressed and proposes possible further innovative solutions. The definitions of environmental damage contained in Article 2 of Directive 2004/35/EC allow for the delimitation of legal areas and critical issues in the field of environmental pollution. The results indicate that there are still significant challenges in the practical application of the laws.
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Boer, Arie den. "Citizen Participation in the Built Environment: In a Commons Perspective." In 6th World Conference on Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences and Education. Eurasia Conferences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62422/978-81-970328-4-4-013.

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Citizen participation in the built environment in this abstract covers the participation through the lens of the citizens. The built environment is seen as a common good between private, public and club goods with high subtractability and difficult exclusion as defined by Elinor Ostrom (the first woman to win the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences), who developed the Institutional Analysis and Development framework (IAD). IAD is a tool for understanding the decision-making process and the governance of the common pool resource. In this abstract the selected common pool resource is a demolished l
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Wohlfart, Liza, Carmen Antuña Rozado, Venkata Gandikota, and Cindia Li. "Citizen Frugal Innovation: Insights from international Open Innovation Challenges with underrepresented groups of society." In 16th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2025). AHFE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1006117.

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At the AHFE 2024 in Nizza, the EU-funded FRANCIS presented insights from an international Open Innovation challenge on kitchen and household ideas that targeted groups of society that are underrepresented in comparable initiatives: challenged families, green (i.e. eco-friendly) minimalists and independent senior citizens. It highlighted lessons learned from the experiences and conceptual changes that were explored before starting the next challenge with a focus on travel, hotel and outdoor experiences. Now, the project has completed this second challenge that again aimed at involving the persp
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Titov, Eneken, Ly Hõbe, Mare Kurvits, and Anneli Rumm. "Future citizen competences in the context of community initiative." In 14th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2024“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2024.1293.

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Recently, there has been an increased focus on different competence models to define and assess the skills and abilities needed in various domains. These models provide a comprehensive framework for understanding and evaluating the competencies required for success in specific fields or contexts. Some correspond well with the definition of the Future Citizen and are dedicated to solving the same general questions – how do we describe the human being, who we expect to rise, who will be successful in the future, and who can handle the challenges that the world and environment will give. The futu
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Mensch, Scott, and Azad Ali. "Using Digital Video Game in Service Learning Projects." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3388.

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This paper details the experience of a particular department in integrating digital video games into a service learning project. The department of Technology Support and Training program (TST) within the Eberly College of Business and Information Technology (ECOBIT) at Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) has taken the initiative to integrate service learning projects into their courses. Various initiating proposals have taken place in regards to ideas for the selection of the service learning projects and the methods of their implementation. Among these initiatives is a project taken by f
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Carter, L., and F. Belanger. "Citizen adoption of electronic government initiatives." In 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2004.1265306.

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Llanos, Diego R., Ester Diego, Ivan Carreño, and Jose Luis Gay. "Encouraging citizens for recycling improvement: results of the STERLING initiative." In Remote Sensing Technologies and Applications in Urban Environments IV, edited by Nektarios Chrysoulakis, Thilo Erbertseder, Ying Zhang, and Frank Baier. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2532104.

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Roháčiková, Oľga, Peter Moritz, Michal Hrivnák, and Katarína Melichová. "Význam komunít pre činnosť miestnych rozvojových iniciatív: prípadová štúdia top down a bottom-up aktérov v meste Nitra." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-77.

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Various spatial actors can reduce costs, raise efficiency of activities and contribute to the social development of the territory also through the own community. A community is a fellowship of citizens or other spatial actors who are united by a common interest in relation to a space in which they want to contribute to a certain socio-economic change. Community initiatives are, in essence, found mainly on the bottom-up principle, from the initiative of local actors who are interested in meeting their needs together with other individuals or entities. Similarly, in some cases also top-down inst
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Reports on the topic "Citizen's initiative"

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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee, and Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Anyang, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007013.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnersh
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Besley, Timothy, and Stephen Coate. Issue Unbundling via Citizens' Initiatives. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8036.

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Dassen, Nicolás, and Renzo Lavin. Citizen Participation in Government Audits through Digital Tools: Overview of Initiatives from Supreme Audit Institution. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013049.

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Citizen participation in government auditing processes by supreme audit institutions (SAIs) has increased in the last 20 years due to digital innovation. This growth has been driven by the Latin American and Caribbean Organization of Supreme Audit Entities (OLACEFS) and the International Organization of SAI Entities (INTOSAI) through the creation of citizen participation commissions that promote collaborative work with civil society. This study surveys 60 cases of citizen participation in fiscal control through digital channels around the world. We classify these cases according to the fiscal
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Barde, Stephane Remy Antoine. The Art of Digitalization: A Dive into e-Estonia. Asian Productivity Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/iini4552.

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Estonia is a digital transformation pioneer, offering valuable lessons to those hoping to follow a strategic approach to modernization. e-Estonia encompasses digital network development for education, healthcare, business, and citizens’ interactions with government based on the three pillars of confidentiality, availability, and integrity. X-Road, the backbone of e-Estonia, facilitates public service delivery, streamlines processes, and thereby lowers costs and raises citizens’ confidence in government. The citizen-centric approach and cross-border cooperation initiatives offer a guide for APO
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Eng, Netra, Mun Vong, and Navy Hort. Social Accountability in Service Delivery in Cambodia. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2015. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.102.201506.

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Social accountability is becoming integral to the government of Cambodia’s reform agenda as a new approach to promote and empower citizens’ collective voice to demand accountability from state officials for improved public services. International donors and non-government organisations have initiated and implemented various tools of social accountability in Cambodia. This study examines three recent examples of social accountability initiatives in health, education and clean water. It focuses on how ordinary citizens, particularly the poor and women, have engaged with the accountability initia
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Amar Flórez, Darío. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Medellin, Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007968.

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This case study is one of ten international case studies developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), in association with the Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Par
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Wubbold, Ari. Evaluating the Impact of Oregon's Citizen Initiative Review (CIR) on Voter Decisions. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6242.

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de Figueiredo, John, Chang Ho Ji, and Thad Kousser. Financing Direct Democracy: Revisiting the Research on Campaign Spending and Citizen Initiatives. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16356.

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Otálvaro-Ramírez, Susana, Carlos Scartascini, and Jorge M. Streb. Post-electoral Promises and Trust in Government: A Survey Experiment on Signaling. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004811.

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Transparency initiatives are well-known tools introduced to foster trust and empower citizens. To explain why some governments introduce them but others do not, in a theoretical model we interpret these initiatives as a signal that complements the information already provided by visible government performance. To analyze how citizens react to these initiatives, we conducted a randomized survey experiment in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, where the incumbent mayor made a set of post-electoral promises. Our results show that post-electoral promises matter in shaping citizens perceptions ab
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Peirce, Jennifer, and Alexandre Veyrat-Pontet. Citizen Security in Belize. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009140.

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In the face of rising crime rates and increasingly complex transnational and local criminal dynamics, Belize's limited institutional resources are overstretched. Youth violence and gangs are of particular concern in urban areas, where lack of education and employment options converge with the prevalence of guns and trafficking networks. Despite some promising smaller-scale crime prevention initiatives, a comprehensive crime prevention strategy requires more significant institutional reforms. This Technical Note reviews the current trends in crime and violence in Belize and the government's exi
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