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Journal articles on the topic 'Citizens' rights and duties'
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1
Safitri, Auliah, and Suharno Suharno. "Menjadi Good Citizen Melalui Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Era Globalisasi." JUPIIS: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ILMU-ILMU SOSIAL 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jupiis.v11i2.13988.
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The purpose of this article is to examine Thomas Lickona's theories about how to be a good citizen or a good character of citizens. This article was compiled using the library research method, namely the method of data collection carried out by utilizing library resources and materials. The results obtained that a person can be said to be a good citizen if he is able to carry out his duties and obligations properly in living life as a citizen. To create a good character of citizens and answer challenges and opportunities for global life, a new paradigm of education is needed. Global Civic Education is the fastest form of education reform in the current era. Global Citizenship Education is considered as one of the subjects that can prepare global citizens to be able to understand various global problems. Global citizenship education basically has a very good goal to create an equal perception of the duties, rights and obligations of citizens in carrying out the duties of being good citizens and not to distinguish between equality of race, ethnicity, culture, religion or groups that are equally have human rights.
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Bauhn, Per. "Universalist Rights and Particularist Duties: The Case of Refugees." Migration Letters 16, no. 2 (April 5, 2019): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v16i2.541.
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The conflict between refugees’ human right to be admitted to a safe country and the right of states to exercise sovereign control of their borders, including the right to deny refugees entry, can be understood in terms of a normative conflict between two ethical systems, namely those of ethical universalism and ethical particularism. Here it is suggested that this conflict can be resolved by combining a universalist comparable cost argument with a particularist fair share argument. The comparable cost argument affirms that a state receiving refugees should allow at least the most basic rights of refugees to override less important rights of its own citizens. The fair share argument modifies the comparable cost argument by affirming that no state is morally obligated to sacrifice any of its citizens’ rights for the sake of protecting a larger share of refugees than what is fair, given its resources.
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Osewa, Oladimeji Sogo. "CITIZENSHIP AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION: A DETERMINANT OF GOOD GOVERNANCE." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.3546.
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Citizenship is the status of being a legal member of a state, having been recognized by the law and custom of such state, whereby citizens owe allegiance to the state (coun-try) and in turn been protected by the state. Nevertheless, for citizens to owe allegiance to their states implies that such citizens is patriotic and also ready to take up their constitutional rolls or duties to the betterment of the state, and in return enjoys the fundamental human rights, citizen’s liberty and protection from their states (country). However, for citizens to know their rights, duties and obligations, and for them to be able to participate actively in their countries political decision making (supporting and criticizing government policies) that will leads to a robust public and foreign policy of their country, then, such citizens need to be politically educated through citizenship education, because Citizenship education breeds active democratic citizen-ry. This article titled citizenship and citizenship education: A determinant of good governance examined the importance of citizenship education and how it can breed active democratic citizenry that can enhance good governance in the state. This article employs the interview as a tool for data collection, and also applied the secondary source of Data collections by retrieving valuable information’s from ready-made works of scholars to buttress the argument of this work. The paper finds out that there is a positive correlation between citizenship education and active democratic citizen-ry. This article finally recommends that extensive citizenship education will serve as a veritable tool for good governance and National development. However, the paper recommends that citizenship education is a must and a child of necessity, a policy to be adopted by all government.
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Khabibullina, Ilnara Ramilevna, Daria Evgenevna Timofeeva, and Anastasiia Dmitrievna Sarantseva. "Legal status of russian citizens abroad." Interactive science, no. 5 (60) (July 25, 2021): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-554276.
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The legal status of Russian citizens abroad not only acts as an object of state activity, but at the same time constitutes the subject of Russian state policy. The Russian state is pursuing a policy of protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen in relation to compatriots, but at the same time, interference of the Russian Federation in the internal affairs of a foreign state is unacceptable. This article discusses issues related to the protection of the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation outside the state, as well as the activities of bodies whose duties include protecting the rights and interests of persons outside the country, and examines the regulatory framework aimed at the implementation of these rights.
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Vieweg, Klaus. "Recht und Pflicht – Einschränkungen von Freiheit?" Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 69, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2021-0005.
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Abstract Can one speak philosophically of a justified limitation of freedom? Hegel’s logically founded definition of free will and his understanding of right and duty can contribute to a clarification of the concept of freedom. Important is a precise differentiation between freedom and caprice (Willkür) – the latter being a necessary but one-sided element of the free will. In caprice, the will is not yet in the form of reason. Rational rights and duties are not a restriction of freedom. Insofar as individual rights can collide (e. g. in emergency situations), there can be a temporary and proportionate restriction of certain rights in favour of higher rights, such as the right to life. Dictatorships are instances of capricious rule which restrict freedom; the rationally designed state, by contrast, restricts only caprice. What is tobe defined are the duties and the rights of the state and the duties and the rights of the citizens.
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Statman, Daniel. "Note: Reciprocity of Rights and Duties, Benefits and Burdens: National Service for Israeli Arabs." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 6, no. 2 (January 17, 2013): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1938-2545.1075.
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Abstract Jews and Arabs in Israel often agree that there is a reciprocal relation between rights and duties, though they derive opposing conclusions from it. Jews infer that Arabs are not entitled to the same rights and privileges as Jews are, since they do not shoulder an equal share of the duties. Arabs, by contrast, argue that they are under no duty to share the burdens, particularly military or national service, since their rights are not fully respected. The Paper assesses these opposing claims and ends up rejecting both. It argues that the rights to which citizens are entitled do not depend on citizens carrying out all their social or legal duties, while the citizens’ duty to contribute to the welfare of their countries by national service or other means is generally not contingent on the countries’ fulfillment of its duties towards them. The Paper focuses on national service by Israeli Arabs and suggests that (a) that there is nothing wrong in making such service mandatory though there are practical considerations against doing so and (b) that making such service optional is an excellent alternative, one that should be encouraged as much as possible.
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Gyawali, Chandra Kanta. "Citizenship: A Political or Legal Matter? From Legal - Anthropological Perspective." Patan Pragya 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pragya.v6i1.34394.
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Citizenship is a political as well as legal or a constitutional matter. This is also a social right of citizen. The status of being a citizen and the quality of persons, works as a member of a community. Without citizenship, one is denied of rights to live, work, vote, pay taxes and many other things related to his or her rights and duties. Consanguineous relationship, jus soli, naturalization and honorary are considered as major categories of citizenship in Nepal.
The citizenship on consanguineous relationship may be linked with the theory of anthropology under the direct line descent, immediate descent, lineal descent, maternal line descent, mediate descent and paternal line descent.
In Nepal, a child of a citizen having obtained the citizenship of Nepal by birth prior to the commencement of the Constitution of Nepal should acquire the citizenship of Nepal by descent, if the child’s father and mother (parents) both are citizens of Nepal. Many citizens are in condition of statelessness and deprived of the right to obtain citizenship due to legal, social, administrative, poverty and identities problems of the citizens. Therefore, any citizen of Nepal should not be statelessness or deprived of the right to obtain citizenship on the basis sex, caste, and race, religion social and cultural values.
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Yesufu, Shaka. "Human rights and the policing of disorder in South Africa: challenges and future directions." EUREKA: Social and Humanities, no. 3 (May 31, 2021): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5571.2021.001861.
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Unarguably, the South African Police during the apartheid era was characterised by brutality and state repression, including the political executions of several South African citizens who dared oppose the apartheid regime. The post-apartheid era has also witnessed deaths of citizens at the hands of the police during demonstrations, demanding better service delivery, higher wages, improved working conditions, and an end to marginalisation and poverty. The author presents some cases of police human rights violations concerning policing citizen’s protests. This is a qualitative study, relying on extensive literature review by previous researchers. The findings of this study are: The South Africa Police Service continues to violate citizen's right to protest, which is enshrined in the Republic of South Africa’s constitution under chapter 2 “Bill of Rights” and other international legal jurisprudence. The South African police have failed to perform their duties professionally and effectively when it comes to policing protests. Crown management remains an elusive issue both during the apartheid and post-apartheid eras. The author recommends a demilitarization of the police consistent with the South African government policy recommendation, found in the National Development Plan 2030.
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Lanceiro, Rui. "Dano and Alimanovic: the recent evolution of CJEU caselaw on EU citizenship and cross-border access to social benefits." UNIO – EU Law Journal 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.3.1.9.
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Since its inception, the concept of EU citizenship, as well as the rights and duties deriving therefrom, has evolved considerably, particularly in the area of social rights. ECJ case law has played a central role in defining the right of EU citizens to access social benefits in the host Member States, which meant a decrease in their degree of discretion to restrict the access to national social securities systems. However, the recent Dano and Alimanovic judgments represent a significant change from previous case-law, setting limits on the right of EU citizens to social benefits in the host Member States. The right of residence in another Member State appears to be dependent on the status of a worker citizen in accordance with the new methodology in order to avoid being an excessive burden on the social system of the host Member State. However, the new approach still leaves several unanswered questions. Were these decisions an attempt to address the “social security tourism” debate? Is the CJEU falling behind with regard to the protection of social rights? What will remain of previous jurisprudence?
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GÓMEZ-REINO Y CARNOTA, Enrique. "Carta Iberoamericana de los Derechos y Deberes del Ciudadano en relación con la Administración Pública." RVAP 99-100, no. 99-100 (December 30, 2014): 1647–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.067.
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LABURPENA: Uste dut herritarrek administrazio publikoarekiko dituzten eskubide eta betebehar guztiak jasotzen dituen Nazioarteko Zuzenbideko testu bakarra 2013ko «Herritarrek Administrazio Publikoarekiko dituzten Eskubideei eta Betebeharrei buruzko Iberoamerikako Ituna» dela. Itunaren arabera, herritarrek administrazio publikoarekin dituzten harremanen estatutua administrazio onaren funtsezko eskubideak eta agiriko gainerako eskubideek eta herritarrei dagozkien betebeharrek osatzen dute. Eskubideek eta betebeharrek zehazten dute herritarren egoera juridikoa. Eskubideez eta betebeharrez gain, itunak hainbat printzipio biltzen ditu, administratibistok ondo ezagutzen ditugunak. Helburua da herritarrek, ordenamendu juridikoak aitortzen dien bezala, erdigunea bere egitea. Gure herrialdeko zuzenbidean, Konstituzioak zuzenbide-estatu sozialean eta demokratikoan ezinbestekoak diren eskubideen eta betebeharren sorta zabala onartzen du (1. tituluan, «Oinarrizko eskubide eta betebeharrez »), baita hainbat printzipio ere, Atariko tituluaren 9.3 artikuluan. Azkenik, Itunaren testuan, oinarrizko eskubideak eta hori osatzen dutenek ordenamendujuridikoetako giza eskubideen babes administratiboa eta jurisdikzionala dute. RESUMEN: «La Carta Iberoamericana de los Derechos y Deberes del Ciudadano en relación con la Administración Pública» de 2013 creo que es el único texto de Derecho Internacional en el cual se especifican todos los derechos y deberes de los ciudadanos en relación con la Administración Pública. El Estatuto de los ciudadanos en sus relaciones con la Administración Pública está integrado, según este texto, por un derecho fundamental a la buena administración y por los derechos que lo integran, así como por los deberes que le corresponden. Los derechos y los deberes definen, en último término, la posición jurídica del ciudadano. Pero junto a los derechos y deberes la Carta sistematiza una amplia serie de principios, que nos son bien conocidos a los administrativistas, todo ello con la finalidad de determinar que los ciudadanos asuman la posición central que le reconoce el ordenamiento jurídico. En el Derecho de nuestro país, la Constitución reconoce un amplio abanico de derechos y deberes fundamentales en el Estado social y democrático de derecho (Título I. «De los derechos y deberes fundamentales»), así como una serie de principios en el art. 9.3.º del Título Preliminar. Por último, en el texto de la Carta el derecho fundamental y los que lo integran gozan de la protección administrativa y jurisdiccional de los derechos humanos previstos en los diferentes ordenamientos jurídicos. ABSTRACT: The Iberoamerican Charter of Rights and Duties of the Citizen in Public Administration of 2013 I belief to be the only International Law text where all the rights and duties of the citizens in Public Administration are specified. The status of the citizen in their relationships with the Public Administration is integrated according to this text with a fundamental right to good administration and the rights that are part of it together with the duties therein. Rights and duties determine ultimately the legal position of the citizen. But beside the rights and duties, the Charter systematizes a broad series of principle which are not totally known by the Administrative doctrine, and all in all with the aim at establishing that cititzens have the central position acknowledged by the legal order. In the Law of our country, the Constitution recognizes a broad range of fundamental rights and duties in the Social and Democratic State of Law (Title I, “About fundamental rights and duties”) together with a series of principles in article 9.3 of the Preliminary Title. Finally, in the Charter’s text the fundamental right and the rights that are part of it enjoy the administrative and judicial protection of human rights established by the different legal orders.
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Utomo, Triwahyu Budi. "ANALISA KRITIS: HAK KONSTITUSIONAL PROFESI GURU." Academy of Education Journal 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 114–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/aoej.v12i1.442.
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Problems constitutional rights of citizens, especially the constitutional right of Master in performing the tasks their profession very interesting to be studied in depth. Many phenomena memprihatin happens to teachers in performing the duties of his profession. \ Legal framework is indispensable for teachers in carrying out the duties of his profession. Konstkitusi rights are the legal rights of the highest level, how 1945 has dimanademen able to give a guarantee of protection for teachers in carrying out the duties of his profession.
Constitutional rights contained in the 1945 Constitution before the amendment is 7 chapters that consist of Article 27 paragraph (2), article 28, article 29 (paragraph (2), Article 30 paragraph (1), Article 31 paragraph (1) and Article 32. Meanwhile, after the Second Amendment in 2000, the overall material provisions of the rights of human rights in the 1945 Constitution, which when combined with the various provisions contained in the legislation relating to human rights, can be grouped into four groups containing 37 grains provisions ,
The teacher is a profession that vulnerable groups receive treatment that could interfere with the task of his profession, thus requiring special treatment for access protection and fulfillment of the constitutional right to avoid the violence and achieve justice with dignity. Constitutional rights for teachers in carrying out professional duties is guaranteed in the Law on Teachers and Lecturers and implied the existence of protection for teachers in implementing professional duties which include: (1) protection of the law; (2) the protection of the profession: and (3) the protection of health and safety.
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Hofmann, Murad Wilfried. "Muslims as Co-Citizens in the West-Rights, Duties, Limits and Prospects." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 4 (January 1, 1997): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i4.2219.
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One major side-effect of the current process of economic and culturalglobalization seems to be that our world is becoming multireligious. Inparticular, this results from the accelerated spread of Islam. There arealready six million Muslims in the United States, virtually all of themAmerican citizens, with an impressive and growing infrastructure. InEurope, due to labor migration, foreign students, war refugees, and asylumseekers, the number of Muslims is around four million in France,perhaps three million in the United Kingdom, and 2.5 million inGermany. Altogether, including Bosnia-Hercegovina, there may beabout twenty million Muslims in western and central Europe today.Due to its structural tolerance vis-A-vis “peoples of the book,” theMuslim world has always been multireligious. Islam expanded into formerlyChristian temtories-the Near East, North Africa, Spain,Byzantium, the Balkans-without eliminating the Christian communities.Nowhere is this more evident than in Cairo, Damascus, and Istanbul,and in countries like Greece and Serbia. This situation was facilitated bythe fact that the Qur’an contains what may be called an “IslamicChristology.”Coexistence with the large Jewish populations within theMuslim empire-aside from the Near East in Muslim Spain,and subsequentlyin North Africa and the Ottoman Empire-was facilitated, inturn, by the extraordinary focus of the Qur’an on Jewish prophets in generaland Moses in particular! On this basis, Islamic jurisprudence developedthe world’s first liberal law called al-siyar for the status of religiousminorities (al-dhimmi).~In the Western world, developments were entirely different. Here, religiousintolerance became endemic, even between Christian churches; ...
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Hatta, Koji. "Equalisation and civic duty in Keynesian social democracy." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 9 (September 12, 2016): 931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2015-0175.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse Charles Anthony Raven Crosland and Thomas Humphrey Marshall’s respective theories of equalisation and civic duty, and assesses the ethical criticisms made against these theories. Many of the ethical criticisms levelled against Crosland and Marshall argue that their theories focused exclusively on equalisation and social rights. In taking a morally neutral position, they neglected the duties that should be performed by citizens. This paper assesses the force of these ethical criticisms. Design/methodology/approach The paper begins by identifying the cardinal points of Crosland and Marshall’s theories of equalisation and the duties that should be performed by citizens. The author ask whether it is reasonable to conclude that they took morally neutral positions and neglected these duties. The author then explore and assess the critique levied against Crosland and Marshall. Findings Crosland took a passive stance on the intervention of the government in civic morality and did not develop a discussion of the duties that ought to be performed by citizens. Thus, in some respects, he cannot avoid the ethical criticism that he took a morally neutral position and neglected civic duty. Marshall did not discuss only equalisation and social rights, but also considered the duties that ought to be performed by citizens. Consequently, it is concluded that the ethical criticism of his theory is not valid. Originality/value The paper makes an original contribution in the understanding of three areas: Crosland’s moral neutrality, Marshall’s discussion on civic duty, and the ethical criticism of Keynesian social democracy.
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Ten Berge, Gio. "Towards an equilibrium between citizens’ rights and civic duties in relation to government." Utrecht Law Review 3, no. 2 (January 8, 2008): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ulr.43.
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Bellamy, Richard, and Joseph Lacey. "Balancing the rights and duties of European and national citizens: a demoicratic approach." Journal of European Public Policy 25, no. 10 (August 23, 2018): 1403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2018.1488885.
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Diaconu, Ana-Felicia. "Legal Use of Archives in Romania after 1989: Impact and Effects on the Institution of National Archives." Atlanti 26, no. 2 (October 25, 2016): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33700/2670-451x.26.2.135-141(2016).
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The paper covers the way in which the institution of the National Archives was confronted with and tackled citizens` necessities to prove or redeem their rights after the change of the political regime in 1989. A first direction envisages the land legislation, which had a major impact on the National Archives` activity. A second direction is based on the National Archives` control duties upon archives creators and owners institutions by inspecting the way in which they issue documents attesting the rights of citizens. All these developments have made the National Archives a very active institution with a major role in terms of proof of the claimed rights by citizens.
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AL-Nsour, Osama Sami. "Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis." Al-Milal: Journal of Religion and Thought 2, no. 1 (June 25, 2020): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46600/almilal.v2i1.68.
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The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.
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Starck, Christian. "State duties of protection and fundamental rights." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 3, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2000/v3i1a2882.
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Duties of protection are duties of the state to protect certain legal interests of its citizens. They cover the interests of life, health, freedom and property and also protect some other interests and certain constitutionally recognised institutions. State duties of protection must be considered in connection with fundamental rights. The foundations of modern constitutionalism and attendant procedures are essential to develop guidelines for a constructive critique of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court. This is done with reference to the recent history of France, Germany and England. The historical excursus reveals that a single theory underlies the variety of constitutional states. The development of the constitutional state gave rise to the significance of the preservation of freedom through the maintenance of law and the separation of powers. This has given rise to various legal devices, based also in part on experience with moderate rule and earlier theories of the imperium limitatum.A textual analysis of the German Basic Law is undertaken to determine whether and how the duties of protection are expressly created. Furthermore, the duties that have been discovered in the Basic Law by the Federal Constitutional Court are considered. These duties include the protection of human life and health, personal freedom, the right to autonomous development of one's personality, freedom of science, research and teaching, marriage and the family, children, mothers, professional freedom, property and the protection of German nationals against foreign states. Finally the justification of such duties and the constitutional control of the manner of protection are considered.In a final section a critique of relevant constitutional jurisprudence is undertaken. It is argued that claims to protection cannot be directly binding law. They presuppose legislation. If statutory protection is connected with infringements of third-party fundamental rights, the principle of proportionality can be adopted to test whether the protection is effective. Insofar as protection can be achieved without infringements of rights, one must attempt to test the effectiveness of protection by some other means. Where the legislature omits to protect at all, the court should limit itself to establishing the existence of a duty and to querying its non-fulfilment. The Court may not pass protective regulations or impose a duty to pass specific regulations. Where general statutory norms apply, protective duties can be realised through the socalled indirect third-party effect of fundamental rights. In its reaching its decision, the German Federal Constitutional Court is responsible for preserving the political discretion of the legislature in protecting interests and remembering the structural distinction between "hard" defensive rights and "soft" protective duties in order to prevent the erosion of the directly binding nature of defensive rights.
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Jabłoński, Maciej. "Prawno-administracyjne aspekty ochrony środowiska." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2010.8.1.01.
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Environmental protection is an area of interdisciplinary, in which the rule is the use of science concepts relevant to the legal, natural, technical or chemical. Therefore, in practice they may have different meanings depending on the conceptual context in which they are used. The concept, which draws attention to the rights and duties of citizens, public administration or environmental organizations, the legal and administrative aspects of environmental protection. Legal and administrative aspects of the environment in a manner related to the inherent rights of citizens, duties of public administrations, as well as practice and custom of our country and the European Union. Thus, their analysis is certainly an interdisciplinary context, and an important environmental dimension, the effect will be implied in the form of application by analogy comparisons and examples of not only national but international.
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Bayram Babaeva, Parvana. "The concept and socio-economic essence of the constitution as the fundamental law of the state." SCIENTIFIC WORK 59, no. 10 (November 6, 2020): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/59/101-104.
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The Constitution is the fundamental law not only of the state, but also of society, expressing the will of statehood and the sovereignty of the people. The Constitution establishes the fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen, socio-political institutions of power and a system of self-government of the people and acts as a legal basis for the formation and development of civil society. The constitution can be viewed as a micromodel, a legal symbol of society. It is within its borders and on its basis that the mechanism of state power operates, the rights and freedoms of citizens are protected, the directions of social development are determined. The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan is a fundamental legal document establishing sovereignty, independence and supremacy of state power. The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan covers not only the structure of the state, but also non-state spheres - the foundations of the socio-economic structure, the cultural life of society, the rights, freedoms and duties of a person and a citizen. Key words: constitution, right, state, law, society, fundamental law, regulation, human rights and freedoms
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Aguila, Yann. "Toward a Global Pact for the Environment." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 114 (2020): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.18.
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These Proceedings remarks aim to address interrogations on a Global Pact for the Environment. A Global Pact for the Environment is a project for an international treaty that seeks to recognize environmental rights and duties for citizens, states, and businesses.
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Shafiei, Mohammad Saeed, and Meysam Nematollahi. "Supporting Individual and Society as One of the Principles of Citizenship Rights in Islamic Republic of Iran." Journal of Politics and Law 9, no. 10 (November 30, 2016): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n10p180.
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Citizenship rights is an obvious issue and one must defend the rights of citizens; but at the same time, we must consider the social realities of a society. When one speaks of the rights of citizens in a society, it does not mean to abide it and this right must be respected especially by government officials. To achieve this objective, the emphasis on understanding, implementation, and observance of citizenship rights should become as a culture and the government should do its supportive measures and efforts fairly and accurately so that social anomalies that are rooted in the lack of abiding citizenship rights, do not spread in the society. Therefore, it should be said that citizens, society, and the government are the three vertices if citizenship rights triangle, as the existence of all vertices is necessary. In this article, we discuss the concepts of citizenship rights and evaluate and assess the supporting principles of the individual and society which are considered as the government’s duties. The reason for studying this issue is to find out why to support individual and society rights? Is this support a citizenship right? The aim of this study is to review citizenship rights including socio-political rights, economic rights and social welfare, judicial and cultural rights as well as supporting principles of the individual and society. To do this study, articles, and various books were studied and fundamentals of supporting the individual and society were developed and extracted. This review showed that supporting individual and community are including citizenship rights, and has been emphasized in all laws and international conventions.
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Chandler, David. "New Rights for Old? Cosmopolitan Citizenship and the Critique of State Sovereignty." Political Studies 51, no. 2 (June 2003): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.00427.
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Cosmopolitan international relations theorists envisage a process of expanding cosmopolitan democracy and global governance, in which for the first time there is the possibility of global issues being addressed on the basis of new forms of democracy, derived from the universal rights of global citizens. They suggest that, rather than focus attention on the territorially limited rights of the citizen at the level of the nation-state, more emphasis should be placed on extending democracy and human rights to the international sphere. This paper raises problems with extending the concept of rights beyond the bounds of the sovereign state, without a mechanism of making these new rights accountable to their subject. The emerging gap, between holders of cosmopolitan rights and those with duties, tends to create dependency rather than to empower. So while the new rights remain tenuous, there is a danger that the cosmopolitan framework can legitimise the abrogation of the existing rights of democracy and self-government preserved in the UN Charter framework.
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Іanushkevych, Alexander. "On the issue of legal guarantees for employees during public or public duties." Law and innovations, no. 4 (32) (December 15, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-4(32)-4.
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Problem setting. The article analyzes the features of legal guarantees provided for employees during the performance of state or public duties, considers their essence and significance. It is concluded that their presence, on the one hand, contributes to the quality and effective performance of their duties by a citizen, on the other – ensures the appropriate level of legality and compliance with c urrent regulations. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Some aspects of legal guarantees of labor rights in their publications covered the following scientists: S.Ya. Vavzhenchuk, T.M. Zavorotchenko, M.I. Inshin, V.L. Kostyuk, N.V. Kokhan, O.I. Protsevsky, O.A. Sytnytska, O.M. Yaroshenko, and others. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal guarantees for employees during the performance of state or public duties, to reveal their essence and meaning. Article’s main body. The article is noted that the guarantees established by the state for employees during the performance of state or public duties (preservation of the place of work (position) and salary) are special protective equipment that supports and protects the employee in cases where he for reasons recognized by law respectable, did not work. The above-mentioned labor guarantees, which ensure the realization of the rights granted to employees, are both intangible (for example, preservation of the place of work, position) and material (preservation of average earnings). The purpose of the sums of money paid during this time is to en sure the preservation of the average earnings of the employee (in whole or in part), as well as to prevent the loss of these earnings. Thus, they are a form of realization of a legal guarantee of the right of employees to prevent the reduction or loss of their income and provide it by preserving the wages of employees, have a material nature. It is noted that the important role of the state in this matter. Whereas, in enshrining the rights and freedoms of the individual in law, he must undertake certain obligations to create favorable conditions for their effective provision: to provide citizens with real opportunities for the practical exercise of their rights and freedoms; to protect the rights and freedoms of the person from possible illegal encroachments; to protect the rights and freedoms of the person in case of their illegal violation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. After analyzing the features of legal guarantees provided for employees during the performance of state or public duties, we can note their importance and significance, especially today. Their presence, on the one hand, contributes to the quality and effective performance of their duties by a citizen, on the other hand, ensures the appropriate level of legality and compliance with the provisions of applicable regulations.
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Іanushkevych, Alexander. "On the issue of legal guarantees for employees during public or public duties." Law and innovations, no. 4 (32) (December 15, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-4(32)-4.
Full textAbstract:
Problem setting. The article analyzes the features of legal guarantees provided for employees during the performance of state or public duties, considers their essence and significance. It is concluded that their presence, on the one hand, contributes to the quality and effective performance of their duties by a citizen, on the other – ensures the appropriate level of legality and compliance with c urrent regulations. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Some aspects of legal guarantees of labor rights in their publications covered the following scientists: S.Ya. Vavzhenchuk, T.M. Zavorotchenko, M.I. Inshin, V.L. Kostyuk, N.V. Kokhan, O.I. Protsevsky, O.A. Sytnytska, O.M. Yaroshenko, and others. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal guarantees for employees during the performance of state or public duties, to reveal their essence and meaning. Article’s main body. The article is noted that the guarantees established by the state for employees during the performance of state or public duties (preservation of the place of work (position) and salary) are special protective equipment that supports and protects the employee in cases where he for reasons recognized by law respectable, did not work. The above-mentioned labor guarantees, which ensure the realization of the rights granted to employees, are both intangible (for example, preservation of the place of work, position) and material (preservation of average earnings). The purpose of the sums of money paid during this time is to en sure the preservation of the average earnings of the employee (in whole or in part), as well as to prevent the loss of these earnings. Thus, they are a form of realization of a legal guarantee of the right of employees to prevent the reduction or loss of their income and provide it by preserving the wages of employees, have a material nature. It is noted that the important role of the state in this matter. Whereas, in enshrining the rights and freedoms of the individual in law, he must undertake certain obligations to create favorable conditions for their effective provision: to provide citizens with real opportunities for the practical exercise of their rights and freedoms; to protect the rights and freedoms of the person from possible illegal encroachments; to protect the rights and freedoms of the person in case of their illegal violation. Conclusions and prospects for the development. After analyzing the features of legal guarantees provided for employees during the performance of state or public duties, we can note their importance and significance, especially today. Their presence, on the one hand, contributes to the quality and effective performance of their duties by a citizen, on the other hand, ensures the appropriate level of legality and compliance with the provisions of applicable regulations.
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Michel, Jérôme. "Rights and duties of French public servants." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 55, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2018.55.127.001.
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The rights and freedoms of French public servants are not recognised by the General Statute of 1983, but they are only created in the light of the duties of public servants or in the light of the principles of deontological behaviour. Public servants to a certain extent have ordinary citizen status. The public servant is subject to the overall duties inherent to the service of general interest they take part in inseparably since state inception, its history and the legal stage of its current activity.
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Jabłoński, Maciej. "Realizacja przez administrację publiczną odpowiedzialności w ochronie środowiska." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2011.9.1.04.
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Environmental protection is an area of interdisciplinary, in which the rule is the use of concepts relevant to the legal sciences, natural sciences, engineering, or chemical. Therefore, in practice, they may mean different things depending on the conceptual context in which they are used. The concept, which draws attention to the rights and duties of citizens, public authorities, or environmental organizations, is a responsibility in protecting the environment. The state authorities should support citizens in their efforts to protect and improve the environment. Ecological safety, which is to be provided by a public authority is a state of the environment that allows you to safely stay in it and use it. The instrument to ensure that safety is the protection of the environment, which acts as a directive interpretation when there are doubts as to the scope of duties, such duties, and how they are implemented.
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Chappell, Larry W., and Chandrouti Persaud. "Review ofConcerning the Rights and Duties of the Citizen." Journal of Political Science Education 5, no. 4 (October 30, 2009): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15512160903253293.
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Kumar, Shailendra, and Sanghamitra Choudhury. "Decoding the Elements of Human Rights from the Verses of Ancient Védic Literature and Dharmaśāstras." Literature 1, no. 1 (September 16, 2021): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/literature1010004.
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This manuscript aims to provide a nuanced study of the idea of rights and duties prevalent in ancient Védic society through Védic literature and Dharmaśāstras. This manuscript delves into the exegesis of the Védas and Dharmaśāstras to accomplish this. The archaic Védic literature and Dharmaśāstra texts are the origin and backbone of Sanskrit literature. They have a plethora of ideas that, if accepted, could be quite useful for the protection of any person’s human rights. In the Védas and Dharmaśāstras, rights and duties complement each other, and rights are integrated with duties. According to these texts, rights and duties are correlated and the relationship between rights and duties leads to the core concept of dhárma (constitutional laws). Dhárma is a systematic Sanskrit concept that includes traditions, obligations, morals, laws, order, and justice. It was a unique concept of dhárma that kept checks and balances on sovereign officials and prevented them from becoming autocratic and anarchist. It also provided the common man with a protective shield against the dictatorship of sovereign officials. Ordinary citizens had more privileges and fewer responsibilities relative to the state’s highest officials. The greater the authority, the less his privileges were, and the more extensive his responsibilities became. This research is an exegetical analysis of ancient Indian Védic and later Védic literature and is primarily aimed at deciphering some of the essential ideas about rights found in these texts, which are akin to contemporary human rights. It endeavours to discern and explain the tenets of human rights obnubilated in the pristine mantras of the ancient Védic and Smṛti texts of India. The essay further attempts to add a much-needed non-western perspective to the historiography of human rights.
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MOROS, DANIEL A., and ROSAMOND RHODES. "Putting Universal Healthcare on the Religious Agenda." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 7, no. 3 (July 1998): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180198703019.
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In modern industrial society the issue of access to healthcare is inseparable from the question of whether there is a right to healthcare and whether government has the correlative duty to assure a minimum level of care to all citizens. While discussion in terms of rights and duties tends to direct our attention to broader, more theoretical ethical issues, discussion in terms of ‘access’ invites consideration of more practical concerns. The news media rarely report in terms of whether a citizen's right to healthcare has been abridged or disregarded, but rather offers tales of people being denied access. Advocacy groups for specific illnesses do not necessarily argue for universal health insurance, but rather press that certain conditions, such as renal failure requiring dialysis, receive unlimited insurance coverage and that people with the condition be given automatic access to care.
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Maximova, Svelana, Oksana Noyanzina, and Daria Omelchenko. "Civil society development in Russian borderlands: indexes and predispositions." SHS Web of Conferences 55 (2018): 02030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185502030.
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The subjects of the research are preconditions of formation of civil society in six regions of the Russian Federation. The attitude towards civil society, rights and duties of a citizen, the level of responsibility for what is happening; assessment of the level of agreement and unity in society; assessment of the degree of commonality with the different categories of citizens; evaluation of the possibility of productive interaction between representatives of different social groups; the degree of participation in various types of social activities and social organizations, socio-political conditions of civil society development in the regions are determined in the research.
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Tiedemann, Paul. "Are There Moral Duties toward Refugees? Considerations in Legal Ethics." Laws 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10010004.
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In the political and legal debate surrounding international refugee law, moral considerations play a large and important role. It often turns out, however, that the legal ethical reflection is not rooted deep enough. At first, it is necessary to demonstrate and justify the moral principle, on which the argumentation is based. There are different moral theories, among them the utilitarian, the egalitarian, the eudemonistical, and the deontological approach. These different approaches lead or at least can lead to different results concerning the question of what duties states or their citizens have toward refugees. The article is supposed to show that only the deontological approach is sufficient and appropriate in order to deliver a well-founded refugee ethics on the basis of moral duties and moral rights. The ethics of refugee protection is not an ethics of assistance to needy people, but the ethics of the prohibition of torts, namely, in particular, the violation of human rights. This is only inadequately reflected in international refugee law, because here the damage as such is not in the foreground, from which people flee, but the reasons why they are mistreated by persecutors. The damage-oriented approach clarifies the reasons for the different moral and legal status between persons in need of international protection, who have already reached the territory of the country of refuge and those who have not. The former are qualified as the holder of the subjective right not to be exposed to the dangers they have fled from, while the latter can in principle only appeal to the compassion and humanity of possible helpers. However, the boundary between “inside” and “outside” shifts according to the expansion of the de facto sphere of power of the acting person or state. This may also create a legal position for persons who are rescued by a ship at sea or whose living and travel conditions are essentially determined by the power of a state outside its territory. The damage-oriented approach shows furthermore that the refoulement ban has to be considered not only a mere side-aspect of the right to asylum but its core content. However, the right to asylum, cannot be considered a separate right beside the list of human rights. The refoulement ban is rather an integral part of every (“fundamental”) human right. This shows on the one hand that the separate right to asylum is redundant as long as it is supposed to protect against human rights violations. It is relevant only in the context of protection on reasons of solidarity. Finally, it can be shown that the national and international case law concerning the refoulement ban is insufficient because it is focused only on threatening torture and inhuman and degrading treatment, meanwhile, it neglects the threatening violation of other (“fundamental”) human rights.
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Benzehaf, Bouchaib. "A study of the impact of citizenship education in Morocco." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00039_1.
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Global changes taking place in today’s world have brought about an unprecedented crisis in citizenship values. For instance, violence, conflict and radicalization have become rampant in our society. Such crisis has brought to the limelight the role of education in sensitizing students about their rights and duties in order to promote peace, tolerance and mutual respect. In Morocco, educational reforms have given much importance to citizenship education in the belief that it can help raise students’ awareness about their rights and duties, anchor them to their communities, and provide them with the knowledge and skills necessary for active participation in society. The National Charter for Education and Training and the Higher Council for Education, Training and Scientific Research have created a roadmap for citizenship education. This study aims to investigate the impact of such attempts to train good citizens. The participants are 73 semester-two students of the department of English from the faculty of humanities, Chouaib Doukkali University. The main data collection tool is questionnaires. The data obtained are fed into SPSS to generate frequencies besides identifying main themes obtained from answers to open-ended questions. Findings show that the impact of such educational reforms is rather limited. While the majority of students expressed their feeling of belonging to their community as well as an accepted level of awareness of their rights and duties, they failed to act on the self-reported qualities of a good citizen. Such low level of engagement in their community affairs betrays weak links between students and their communities. In light of these findings, several recommendations are made to improve citizenship education and reduce the gap between the goals of national educational reforms and their actual implementation in schools. One such recommendation is that textbooks need to emphasize critical thinking and analysis so that students are empowered to become critical thinking global citizens and agents of change.
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Omerdić, Dženeta. "BOSNIAN MODEL OF DEMOCRATIC AUTHORITY: CONDITION FOR STABILIZATION OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA?" Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 6, no. 1 (April 2016): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041604.
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The principle of non-discrimination in modern legal systems, both at national and at regional and global levels of government, is the primary prerequisite for the realization of all other (fundamental) rights and freedoms. The essence of this principle, which is, in fact, inextricably linked to the principle of equality in rights, is reflected in the requirement to ensure to all persons, without discrimination on any basis, the realization and enjoyment of the fundamental rights and freedoms that are guaranteed by provisions of the national constitutions, Laws and other legal acts. The functionality of the entire state government of Bosnia and Herzegovina is often hindered by the complex decision-making processes at all state levels which lead to obstruction of the entire decision-making process. Such a disfunctional decision-making process on the state level poses a threat and disables the Bosnian plural society to respond to the modern challenges of a democratic functioning state.The Bosnian model of democratic authority is trying to determine the individual primarily as a citizen, to which they bind certain rights and duties, but without neglecting the fact that citizens enjoy certain rights (and obligations) that belong to them based on their affiliation to a particular collectivity. Bosnian society as a community of citizens and a community of communities should not ignore any of the aforementioned sides of human nature.
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Lucas Coutinho de Menezes, Kayo, and Shirley Oliveira Lima Nomura. "REMÉDIOS CONSTITUCIONAIS E SUA POPULARIZAÇÃO." Colloquium Socialis 2, Especial 2 (December 1, 2018): 824–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/cs.2018.v02.nesp2.s0374.
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This article aims was discuss a fundamental issue in the legal and social environment: constitutional medicines. This article brings the actions in kind and their historical context, it's has focussed on the importance of these rights for real and effective access to justice. The lack of knowledge of the population about their fundamental rights, more specifically constitutional medicines, reveal a barrier to access to justice and the realization of such rights. The media as an information vehicle can help break this barrier, and build quicker and easier access to information by educating citizens more about their rights, guarantees and duties.
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Behrens, Kathrin. "The Legal Interpellation of Citizens – A Constitutional Analysis." Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie 41, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfrs-2021-0004.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to reconstruct the legal creation of citizen subjects by applying the interpellation theory of Louis Althusser in constitutional citizenship regulations. In addition, this article uncovers the patterns of constitutionally defined rights and duties as implications of intra-constitutional subject construction, especially in relation to a political, a civil and a social dimension. For this purpose, 41 constitutions are analysed quantitatively-descriptively based on an international comparative qualitative document analysis. The study shows that constitutions, as the most fundamental legal documents at the national level, define different formal-legal qualities of citizen subjects and thus determine very specific relations between the state and its citizens. The legal citizenship regulations in national constitutions thus contribute to the stabilization of social (b)order-drawing processes to the extent that they create and secure both barriers and opportunities for individual and collective participation in society, addressing these primarily through a political and less through a civil or social legal dimension.
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Jamil, Ali Salman. "The Theory of Actual Employee and De Facto Authority and Its Applicability in Iraq." Journal of AlMaarif University College 31, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 366–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v31i2.259.g178.
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The research showed that the French Council of State relied in resolving the conflict between the authority and the citizen on the principles of the Declaration of Human and Citizen Rights as a basis for the principle of legality. He only had them. They are abstract general rules that clarify the basis of the relationship between the citizen and the state, including his rights and duties. The council applied its rules regarding the rulings it issued, whether for the authority or against it. The authority has caved in to that. He also showed that it is impermissible to differentiate between protecting rights in normal and exceptional circumstances. The state is responsible for securing these rights in all circumstances. This is why the board invented the actual employee theory. The basic principles on which the actual employee theory was based have also been studied. The theory is not an exception to the principle of legality, but rather a real application of it. In a state that has taken upon itself to ensure that people enjoy the rights and freedoms stipulated in the constitution. It also clarified that the employee’s organizational relationship with the state requires it to respect his rights stipulated in the law in return for his commitment to his duties that oblige him to apply the law as abstract general rules without bias and deviation. Therefore, it has the right to punish him according to the law. In exchange for his right to appeal the decision to impose the punishment. The judiciary’s decision to cancel the dismissal or dismissal decision obliges the administration to return it to the same legal position. Unless that results in corruption, then you must return him to a center parallel to the first. Without causing him physical or moral harm. The research also showed that what happened in Iraq was a barbaric invasion that was not based on any justification. It expressly contradicts international legality. It has resulted in the abolition of all legitimate institutions of the state and the handing over of power to organizations that have proven practical reality that they are gangs of thieves whose aim is to destroy the state and to violate all prohibited acts. It issued laws that grant themselves privileges and rights that are inconsistent with the principle of legality. And decisions were issued that contradict the public interest. Therefore, citizens and employees should be granted the right to appeal all laws and decisions issued when real authority is established in Iraq. Return all stolen money and stolen rights.
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Barczewska-Dziobek, Agata. "PARTICIPATION OF INDIVIDUALS IN PUBLIC DECISIONS IN THE POLISH LEGAL SYSTEM-THE OUTLINE." Proceedings of CBU in Social Sciences 1 (November 16, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pss.v1.40.
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The idea of good governance is associated with the postulate of participatory and interactive democracy. This results in the appearance in the legal system of solutions reflecting the recommendations of the so-called "good administration." Good administration is the subjective right which, in the relationship between the body and the citizen, defines the individual's rights and the duties of the administration to act in a particular way. It may be interpreted differently, but it must comply with universal standards. They have been defined in international, European and soft law. These include the rule of law, equality, administrative transparency, confidence and trust, as well as the opportunity to participate in decisions. The last of these relates to procedures for involving citizens in administrative decision-making.
The purpose of the article is to present normative solutions in Polish law that guarantee citizens participation in decision-making processes at various levels of administration and their systematics. To achieve this goal, the method of legal text analysis was used, which allows us to indicate the existence of many different mechanisms of participation. Their presence in Polish law determines the varying levels of civic influence on public decisions.
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Alton, David. "Educating for Citizenship." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 45 (March 2000): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100003386.
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Two short paragraphs, 42 and 43, in the White Paper, Excellence in Schools, published in July 1997, announced the UK government's intention to educate for citizenship:Schools can help to ensure that young people feel that they have a stake in our society and the community in which they live by teaching them the nature of democracy and the duties, responsibilities and rights of citizens.
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Senigaglia, Cristiana. "Hegel, die Weimarer Verfassung und die Verflechtung zwischen Rechten und Pflichten." Der Staat 59, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/staa.59.4.577.
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In seinen Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts befasste sich Hegel mit der Frage der Verbindung zwischen Rechten und Pflichten und stellte heraus, dass Rechte zu ihrer Implementierung ein affirmatives Handeln brauchen, das nur durch die Feststellung und Erfüllung von Pflichten gewährleistet wird. Hundert Jahre später wurde diese Thematik während der Verhandlungen zur Erstellung der Weimarer Verfassung in der neu gewählten Nationalversammlung wieder aufgenommen. Die dort stattfindende Debatte, die anfänglich nur die Verankerung der Grundrechte in der Verfassung betraf, wurde allmählich mit der Frage ihrer Ergänzung durch die Grundpflichten konfrontiert, die als notwendige Korrelate der Grundrechte und ihrer Verwirklichung angesehen wurden. Der Artikel rekonstruiert die argumentative Entwicklung beider Sachverhalte, bezieht sich auf ihre theoretisch-politischen Hintergründe und stellt trotz einiger Unterschiede das gemeinsame Anliegen fest, die aktive Rolle der Bürger und des Staates zur Sicherung der Rechte hervorzuheben. In his Elements of the Philosophy of Right, Hegel dealt with the question of the connection between rights and duties and underlined that rights need an affirmative agency in order to be implemented; this was guaranteed only through the ascertainment and fulfillment of duties. Hundred years later, this thematic was taken up again during the talks on the redaction of the Weimar Constitution in the newly elected National Assembly. The subsequent debate, which originally only concerned the issue of anchoring the fundamental rights in the constitution, was progressively confronted with the question of their endorsement by fundamental duties, which were considered as a necessary correlation to the rights for the sake of their realization. The article reconstructs the argumentative development of both issues, refers to their theoretical-political background and ascertains, in spite of some few differences, the common target of stressing the active role of the citizens and of the state in guaranteeing the rights.
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Chegwe, Emeke. "THE RIGHT TO HOUSING IN THE CONTEXT OF NIGERIAN LAW AND HUMAN RIGHTS PRACTICE." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2014): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v8i1.958.
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Every society needs a set of laws which stipulates the rights and duties of citizens, aswell as regulate the conduct of the society. But law is often perceived as repressive andunpopular by majority of the urban poor in many developing countries who feel that the lawhas done little or nothing to ameliorate their sufferings. For example, new evidence fromsatellite images has revealed the true extent of forced evictions going on in Badia East-Lagos,one of Nigeria’s mega cities. The pictures taken during and after the demolitions carried outby the Lagos State government on 23rd February 2013, clearly shows that a densely populatedarea containing concrete housing and other structures was razed to the ground. Given theimportance of housing to the overall development and existence of mankind, it is necessary tofirst determine the existence of a legal right to adequate housing to warrant a demand by thecitizen to fulfil this right and in order to appreciate the need for government intervention inthis area.
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Whitehead, Laurence. "VARIABILITY IN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE." Revista Debates 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1982-5269.2595.
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The article looks at a partial selection of the many rights claimed by citizens in contemporary democracies in the context of the justice system, citizen security, gender, youths, and access to information – and presents the argument that that democratic “rights” are not a homogeneous reality as posited by liberal theory, but a complex, multilayered one. In new “low quality” democracies, rights volatility presents a special challenge to universality. Social mapping of the range and distribution of bankable rights is likely to uncover a reality that falls well short of the rhetoric of universalism. In highly fragmented and unequal societies, the rhetoric of universality is unlikely to translate easily into genuine evenness of application. And accompanying variability there may be instability or volatility over time. This combination in societies where the “duties” corresponding to rights are not securely internalised, is liable to produce patterns of political behaviour that deviate substantially from the interlocking mutuality of interest postulated by classical liberalism. “Contentious” political cycles of resistance and exclusion, and struggles to reshape the rules of the game (rather than merely to live within them) seem to be natural correlates of this climate of uncertainty. This is particularly so in new democracies, where sudden explosions of rights claims and multiplying rights claimants can easily generate an atmosphere of rights inflation can raise expectations well beyond what is reliably deliverable.
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Shier, Harry. "Towards a New Improved Pedagogy of “Children’s Rights and Responsibilities”." International Journal of Children’s Rights 26, no. 4 (November 24, 2018): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02604003.
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There is evidence from around the world that teaching on “rights and responsibilities” in schools is confused and ill-informed; as a result, children are misled and manipulated. Child researchers in Nicaragua discovered new evidence to support this view. An examination of the literature in search of guidance on how to teach children about rights and responsibilities found no consensus, but revealed eight different ways in which the relationship between children’s rights and responsibilities has been conceptualised: (1) Rights imply duties of a duty-bearer; (2) Rights imply responsibilities by reciprocity; (3) Responsibilities can be inferred from human rights instruments; (4) Some legal instruments define both rights and responsibilities for children; (5) Cultural and religious traditions may emphasise responsibilities, but rights can still be promoted in a way that is sensitive to these traditions; (6) Responsibilities can be paired with rights as part of classroom management strategies; (7) “Citizenship” can be taught as a contractual arrangement involving rights and responsibilities of the citizen; and (8) Children, as active citizens, can take on responsibilities, including the promotion and defence of their own rights and the rights of others. The challenge for educators is to develop a pedagogical approach that can encompass all of the above in a way that is appropriate, relevant and not confusing to children.
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Stradomska, Marlena. "Polityka presuicydalna w państwie – wybrane aspekty bezpieczeństwa obywatela." Cywilizacja i Polityka 16, no. 16 (November 30, 2018): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1600.
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The article is an analysis of the deliberations on legal and psychological issues. The thesis will include the most important theses on factors protecting against the act of suicide in relation to social life. In the 21st century, the problem of self-destruction is extremely significant, because every year many citizens in each country take their lives. An important aspect is that an individual feeling safe in the family, the local environment, society and the state has a better chance of maintaining mental well-being. The issue of citizenship lies on the border between administrative law and international law. Each state imposes many duties on its citizens, grants them rights as well as takes responsibility for them and protects them against foreign states. The starting point for existing legal regulations concerning the institution of Polish and international citizenship should be the definition of the concept and its practical consequences. This knowledge will determine further considerations regarding the treatment of a citizen as responsible for his fate of an individual who has certain characteristics, obligations, as well as rights and opportunities. In the present sense, citizenship is considered a legal state of submission on the legal status of a natural person. About civic education in the broader aspect should take care of the smallest social group which is the family. The task of this social unit is first and foremost a civic education of the individual, it also depends on implanting the citizen with respect and love for the homeland and shaping the national idea. In this case, the work will refer to suicide policy issues and protective factors that may weigh and determine the aspect related to the citizen's mental life.
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Mason, Michael. "Information Disclosure and Environmental Rights: The Aarhus Convention." Global Environmental Politics 10, no. 3 (August 2010): 10–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00012.
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Access to information is the first “pillar” of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (1998). This article examines how the information disclosure obligations on states within the Aarhus Convention express a particular blend of human environmental rights, conjoining procedural entitlements (and duties) with a substantive right to an environment adequate to human health and well-being. “Aarhus environmental rights” have been lauded for increasing citizen access to environmental information, helping to secure more transparent and accountable regulatory processes. However, the information rights are rendered inconsistent in practice by three properties: 1) the discretion accorded to Convention Parties in interpreting Aarhus rights; 2) the exclusion of private entities from mandatory information disclosure duties; and 3) the indeterminate coupling of procedural and substantive rights. These tensions reflect a structural imbalance in the articulation of Aarhus rights between social welfare and market liberal perspectives.
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Saigol, Rubina. "His Rights/Her Duties: Citizen and Mother in the Civics Discourse." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 10, no. 3 (October 2003): 379–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097152150301000301.
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Tonkens, Evelien, Ellen Grootegoed, and Jan Willem Duyvendak. "Introduction: Welfare State Reform, Recognition and Emotional Labour." Social Policy and Society 12, no. 3 (May 28, 2013): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641300016x.
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Welfare state retrenchment and its corollary, the encouragement of ‘active citizenship’, are widespread phenomena in Western countries today. While public and academic debates have focused on the practical consequences of changing rules and shrinking entitlements, there has been much less attention on how citizens experience these reforms and their accompanying rhetoric. We know even less about how welfare reform impacts upon people's emotions. Such a focus, however, is important because the reform of the welfare state is about more than changing rights and duties. Reforms tell citizens what they are worth, how they are valued and judged, and how they are supposed to feel about the new arrangements.
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Jabłoński, Maciej. "Stanowienie oraz stosowanie polityki ekologicznej przez administrację publiczną w Polsce oraz Unii Europejskiej." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2011.9.2.05.
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Environmental protection is a field of law about interdisciplinary character, which using notions typical of legal, natural, technical, or chemical theories is a rule in. Therefore in practice, they can have the notional various meaning depending on the context they stayed in which used. A notion which is paying attention to the rights and duties of citizens, bodies of a public authority or also environmental organizations, is an ecological politics.
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LIDDY, CHRISTIAN D. "‘SIR YE BE NOT KYNG’: CITIZENSHIP AND SPEECH IN LATE MEDIEVAL AND EARLY MODERN ENGLAND." Historical Journal 60, no. 3 (June 3, 2016): 571–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x16000108.
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ABSTRACTFew would argue against the intimate relationship between citizenship and speech in early modern England. Historians of political thought and literary scholars have explored the cultural and political impact of the English Renaissance, which turned subjects into citizens and which produced a learned, humanist, and oratorical model of citizenship, centred upon the virtues of the ‘articulate citizen’. But the English Renaissance did not give birth to citizenship. There was an older, vernacular, urban-based concept of citizenship, which was grounded in social practice rather than in intellectual tradition. This citizenship was shaped by multiple, competing, and conflicting impulses: inclusive, yet exclusive; participatory, yet discriminatory; a mixture of rights and duties. Speech both exposed and amplified these different senses of citizenship: who could speak and act against authority, and were there limits on what citizens could say and do? The tensions between urban citizenship and speech persisted throughout the late middle ages and into the early modern period. Local power struggles about the nature of civic authority helped to define ideas of citizenship and of free speech.
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Kulikova, S. A. "Protection of the rights of journalists by the authorized by human rights of the Russian Federation." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (June 29, 2021): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.80.4.076-084.
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The main aspects of the protection of the rights of journalists by the Human Rights Ombudsman in the Russian Federation, presented in his reports from 1998 to 2019, are studied. It is revealed that the problem of violations of the rights of journalists was present in most of the reports of the Ombudsman, the Ombudsman considers attacks on them to obstruct the exercise of their professional duties, the termination of the activities of the media on grounds unforeseen by law, some forms of economic pressure on independent media, illegal restrictions on access to information, etc.It is concluded that the protection of the rights of journalists should remain one of the priority areas of the activities of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation, the analysis of violations of the rights of journalists should be included in the section “Protection of the rights of certain categories of citizens.” To some extent, this proposal was embodied in the report of the Ombudsman in 2019, section 2.6 of which is designated as “Freedom of speech and protection of the rights of journalists”.