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Journal articles on the topic 'Citizenship – Baltic States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ginsburgs, George. "The citizenship of the Baltic states." Journal of Baltic Studies 21, no. 1 (1990): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778900000211.

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2

Driessen, Bart. "Slav non-citizens in the Baltics." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 2, no. 2 (1994): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181194x00030.

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AbstractThis study argues that customary international law obliges the Baltic states to accept the Slav populations as an integral part of the Baltic peoples. The history and collapse of the Soviet Union has produced large groups of Slav immigrants to remain in the Baltic states. They are not automatically granted citizenship rights in Estonia and Latvia, as they have to prove to qualify for naturalisation. People descending from the inter-War citizenry do ipso facto qualify for citizenship. First the nature of the coming-to-independence of the Baltic states is analysed, after which the law on

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3

Petrauskas, Zenonas. "Citizenship policies in the Baltic states and Ukraine." Politologija 10, no. 2 (1997): 98–110. https://doi.org/10.15388/polit.1997.2.6.

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The article deals with the citizenship policies of several post-communist countries (mainly the Baltic states and Ukraine), especially in the context of their search for national identity and the approach undertaken in the constitutions and relevant laws of these countries in regard to the issues of citizenship. Thus after examining the relevant provisions of the constitutions and laws concerning the definition of the initial body of citizens, acquisition, loss of citizenship, conditions for obtaining citizenship, the author debates the approach towards dual or multiple nationality. In this re

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4

Brubaker, W. Rogers. "Citizenship Struggles in Soviet Successor States." International Migration Review 26, no. 2 (1992): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600205.

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The breakup of the Soviet Union has transformed yesterday's internal migrants, secure in their Soviet citizenship, into today's international migrants of contested legitimacy and uncertain membership. This transformation has touched Russians in particular, of whom some 25 million live in non-Russian successor states. This article examines the politics of citizenship vis-a-vis Russian immigrants in the successor states, focusing on the Baltic states, where citizenship has been a matter of sustained and heated controversy.

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5

Nazarova, Evgenia. "Scientific Meeting on Baltic History." ISTORIYA 15, no. 4 (138) (2024): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840031332-4.

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On the April 12, 2024, collaborators of the Institute of World History (Russian Academy of Sciences) organized the presentation of the 11th issue of the serial publication “Russia and the Baltics” and a Round Table on the problems of history and historiography of the Baltics. The meeting was held in the hall of the Historical Library in Moscow. The meeting was addressed by Director of the Historical Library M. D. Afanasyev, Acad. A. O. Chubaryan, Director of the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences M. A. Lipkin,

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Ikstena, Rasa, Ērika Lagzdiņa, Jānis Brizga, Ivars Kudrenickis, and Raimonds Ernšteins. "Energy Citizenship in Energy Transition: The Case of the Baltic States." Sustainability 16, no. 22 (2024): 9665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16229665.

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The governance of energy systems is undergoing a transformative shift, vital to advancing the energy transition. Understanding the dynamics of energy citizenship and the factors that influence citizen engagement in energy matters is critical for driving social and institutional change. This paper informs on the key results of a comprehensive analysis of 54 energy citizenship cases in the Baltic states (Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania). The study explores the role of citizens in the energy transition and characterizes the socio-economic and geopolitical factors shaping energy citizenship activit

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7

Žalimas, Dainius. "Continuity and nationality of the Republic of Lithuania." Politologija 10, no. 2 (1997): 111–25. https://doi.org/10.15388/polit.1997.2.7.

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This article was written under the influence of the Seminar "Citizenship and State Succession," which was held in Vilnius on 16-17 May, 1997, at the initiative of the Council of Europe. The seminar was dealing with the issues of nationality in new European states which appeared after the dissolution of the USSR and Yugoslavia. The practice of three Baltic States was also briefly discussed. However, the author postulates that the case of Baltics is a specific one. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia cannot be regarded as new States because they have restored their independence in 1990-1991 on the ba

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8

Yan, Cassadee Orinthia. "Non-citizens’ Continuity of Citizenship in the Baltic States." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social and Community Studies 20, no. 1 (2024): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-7576/cgp/v20i01/1-24.

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9

Alijeva, Lilija. "Left Behind? A Critical Study of the Russian-speaking Minority Rights to Citizenship and Language in the Post-Soviet Baltic States. Lessons from Nationalising Language Policies." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 24, no. 4 (2017): 484–536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02404004.

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Minority rights protection is widely discussed in relation to diversity management stability within a state. Yet the case of Russian-speaking minorities in the post-Soviet Baltic States has been a challenging example to analyse because of the sensitivity of language issues. This article discusses Baltic States’ language policies that impact the Russian-speaking minority’s language rights, argued here to be the focal point for minority identity formation inclusion into society. While international law continues to be mostly silent regarding minority language rights, kin-states, in this case Rus

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10

FEHERVARY, ANDRAS. "Citizenship, Statelessness and Human Rights: Recent Developments in the Baltic States." International Journal of Refugee Law 5, no. 3 (1993): 392–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/5.3.392.

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11

Bromley, Hugo. "Political Economy in the Baltic Borderlands: Commercial Interests and the Anglo‑Russian Treaty of Commerce, 1766." Studia Historica Gedanensia 13 (2022): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.22.005.17425.

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Commercial treaties between states played a crucial role in shaping overseas trade and the mercantile communities that lived among in the Baltic borderland. This article takes as its example the Anglo‑Russian treaty of commerce of 1766 between Britain and Russia to explore how Britain in particular negotiated commercial treaties. It shows the crucial role of commercial expertise, and particularly the British Russia Company, in shaping the treaty to best serve British interests. Britain’s reliance on commercial interests for expertise, meanwhile, was crucial to maintaining its supply of naval s

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12

Carpinelli, Cristina. "The Citizenship Policies of the Baltic States within the EU Framework on Minority Rights." Polish Political Science Yearbook 48, no. 2 (2019): 193–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2019201.

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13

Gorodzeisky, Anastasia, and Inna Leykin. "When Borders Migrate: Reconstructing the Category of ‘International Migrant’." Sociology 54, no. 1 (2019): 142–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519860403.

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Using the Baltic states as an empirical example of a wider social problem of categorization and naming, this article explores the statistical categories of ‘international migrant/foreign-born’ population used in three major cross-national data sources (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Eurostat and The World Bank Indicators (WBI)). We argue that these seemingly politically neutral categories ignore historical processes of state formation and migration, and privilege the current ethnonational definition of the state. We demonstrate how, in regions with recent geopol

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14

Bessudnov, D. A. "ALBRECHT VON BRANDENBURG´S SPEECH AT THE CORONATION OF SIGISMUND II AUGUST AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE BALTIC IN THE XVI CENTURY." Vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 02, no. 06 (2021): 07–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9912-2021-05-02-07-16.

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The struggle for control over trade routes in the Baltic Sea, which began in the 16th century, has left a controversial mark in the history of the Baltic states. On the one hand, it launched the processes of the formation of new state models, and on the other hand, it led to an internal crisis and the decline of some Baltic states, one of which was the Old Livonia. This article presents a previously unpublished document reflecting an important stage in the actualization of the system of ties between the figure of the Polish-Lithuanian monarch and the archbishops of Riga. This political and leg

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15

Toksanbaeva, Ayjamal Mangytbay kizi. "BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS." Journal of Academic Research and Trends in Educational Sciences 1, no. 7 (2022): 314–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727469.

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The article analyzes the essence of the institution of citizenship, the main principles of this institution, clarification of the constitutional bases, their types, scope and importance in the system of legal status of the citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of comparative analysis of the sources of constitutional law and legislation of foreign countries, and exploration of the study of international law and universally recognized standards. It identifies legal gaps and contradictions in the field of legal regulation of citizenship of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis

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16

Schihalejev, Olga, Laima Geikina, Rimgailė Dikšaitė, and Kätlin Liimets. "The Intersection of Religion and Gender in Textbooks in the Baltic States." Religion and Society in Central and Eastern Europe 16, no. 1 (2023): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.20413/rascee.2023.16.1.93-112.

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Several countries have implemented policies to safeguard gender equality. While education serves as a tool for societal transformation, the expectation that general education would inherently promote gender equality encounters challenges, particularly in the teaching of religion—a traditionally male-dominated field. This article delves into the examination of how textbooks in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania address gender representation within the realm of teaching religion. Although gender bias in textbooks has been scrutinized across various subjects, religious contents have received comparat

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17

von Post, Christina, Patrik Wikström, Helge Räihä, and Vilmantė Liubinienė. "Values and Attitudes of Nordic Language Teachers Towards Second Language Education." Sustainable Multilingualism 10, no. 1 (2017): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sm-2017-0010.

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Summary Issues in minority education in relation to citizenship have received more attention lately, because of new requirements for language testing in several countries (Bevelander, Fernandez & Hellström, 2011, p. 101). The acquisition of citizenship is more decisive for immigrant participation in society than the duration of stay in the country (Bevelander, Fernandez & Hellström, 2011). The second language is crucial for active citizenship and integration in this perspective. Most countries in the EU (except Ireland and Sweden) have language requirements for citizenship and the use

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18

Jakubavičienė, Ingrida. "The role of Nazi organizations in German repatriation from the Baltic states (1939-1941)." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 18 (December 28, 2006): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2006.37065.

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In 1939 the Baltic states became the victims of cruel Hitler and Stalin agreements. Hitler and Stalin agreed that the German minority from the Baltic states would repatriate to Germany. Since 1939 till 1944 more than one million Germans were forced to leave over 40 states and settle down in Germany. In 1923, in Lithuania, there lived 28 thousand 671 Germans or 1.5 percent of the population. In 1940, there were 36 thousand Germans. The number of Germans increased because of Nazi agitation, then Lithuanians changed their nationality into German. In Latvia in 1930, there lived about 70 thousand,

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19

Zmiyenko, Oleksandra. "The EU: Power(less) in Statelessness? The Case of the Baltic States." Journal of Social Policy Studies 16, no. 4 (2018): 677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/727-0634-2018-16-4-677-690.

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Oleksandra Zmiyenko – MA Law, European Interdisciplinary Studies – College of Europe; Academic Assistant at the College of Europe, EU International Relations Department, Bruges, Belgium. Email: Oleksandra.zmiyenko@coleurope.eu Despite still being an emergent research area, statelessness has come to attract growing attention both from academics and among policy-makers. So far, this legal vacuum, that represents a violation of the right to nationality, and has consistently been perceived through the prism of other human rights-related issues. To avoid oversight, statelessness needs to be p

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20

Rozenvalds, Juris. "INTEGRATION IN LATVIA: FLOWS AND EBBS IN NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN CONTEXT." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 22, 2016): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.787.

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Russian-speaking communities in the member states of the European Union (EU), especially the Baltic States and Germany, have earned special attention, in recent years, as subjects of important integration policies, on one hand, and the main targets of Russia’s propagandist efforts, on the other. Because a significant part of Russian-speaking communities accepted these efforts, questions were raised concerning the effectiveness of previous integration policies to strengthen the national identity and invoke a feeling of political togetherness. Thus the factors fostering and triggering integratio

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21

Mikhailova, Yu L. "Peace negotiations between Russia and Latvia in 1920: Premises, key issues, and outcomes." Moscow University Bulletin of World Politics 14, no. 3 (2022): 227–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.48015/2076-7404-2022-14-3-227-264.

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The conclusion of the Peace Treaty between Latvia and the RSFSR on August 11, 1920 marked an important stage both in the process of international recognition of Latvia and in the normalization of international relations in the region in general, and charted a new course of the foreign policy of the Soviet state. On the basis of a wide range of archival sources (transcripts of the plenary meetings of the RSFSR and Latvia delegations, the meetings minutes of the Soviet-Latvian boundary commission, etc.), as well as recent Russian and foreign historical researches, the paper examines a set of iss

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22

Trummel, Taylor. "The Creation of a Contemporary Estonian Identity." Potentia: Journal of International Affairs 9 (October 1, 2018): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/potentia.v9i0.4446.

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With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and subsequent independence of Estonia, the power-holding ethnic Russians suddenly found themselves as outcast minorities within the borders of this Baltic country. Various legal and social measures taken by Estonia to reassert its cultural history and political power marginalized c in the country. In creating a modern state, Estonia’s interest to identify with the European community prompted its effort to join the European Union. Such motivation pushed the nation toward multilateral negotiations to comply with requirements of international standards

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23

Zverev, V. O. "Political disloyalty and war crimes of the Baltic nobles during the first world war." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 9, no. 2 (34) (2022): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2022.9(2).87-95.

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In the Soviet historiography of the First World War, a false opinion was formed that representatives of the large local nobility who had “Germanic roots” (as a rule, natives of Germany or persons who had Russian and German citizenship) were a category of persons politically disloyal to the Russian autocracy. They allegedly saw their national-patriotic mission in acts of overt and covert sabotage of Russia's military security in the Baltic states - from hanging the national flags of Germany on the roofs of their estates to creating favorable conditions for the invasion of “Teutonic knights”.Ano

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24

Gusachenko, Andrejs, and Vineta Kleinberga. "The Emergence and Restoration of the State: Latvia in 1918 and 1990." TalTech Journal of European Studies 11, no. 1 (2021): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2021-0005.

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Abstract On 18 November 1918, the independent Republic of Latvia was declared in an extremely complicated international and domestic environment—the First World War was still going on, empires were collapsing, and ethnically and ideologically diverse military troops were fighting within the boundaries of Latvian territory. Despite the historical context of a previously tense relationship between Latvians and other ethnic groups, representatives of all minorities fought next to Latvians against the enemies of the Latvian state. Up until 11 August 1920, when the Peace Treaty with the Soviet Russ

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25

ELLISON, NICK. "B. Hvinden and H. Johansson (eds) (2006), Citizenship in Nordic Welfare States: Dynamics of Choice, Duties and Participation in a Changing Europe. London: Routledge. £60.00, pp. 248, hbk. - J. Aidukaite (2004), The Emergence of the Post-Socialist Welfare State – the Case of the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Södertörn Doctoral dissertations No. 1. Stockholm: Södertörn University College. pp. 206, pbk." Journal of Social Policy 37, no. 2 (2008): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279407001766.

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26

McLean, Iain, Joseph Hogan, Joseph McCarney, et al. "Book Review: Game Theory: A Critical Introduction, Game Theory for Political Scientists, The State Roots of National Politics: Congress and the Tax Agenda, 1978–1986, The Budget Puzzle: Understanding Federal Spending, Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations, Information, Ideology and Freedom: The Disenfranchised Electorate, Theories and Narratives: Reflections on the Philosophy of History, Independent Slovenia: Origins, Movements, Prospects, Central Europe since 1945, The Baltic States: The National Self-Determination of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Bound to Change: Consolidating Democracy in East Central Europe, Poles Apart: Solidarity and the New Poland, The Power of Symbols against the Symbols of Power: The Rise of Solidarity and the Fall of State Socialism in Poland, The Resurrection of Rights in Poland, Comparative Political Systems: Policy Performance and Social Change, Understanding the Political World: A Comparative Introduction to Political Science, Comparative Politics: An Introduction and New Approach, Heidegger and Ethics, Economic Democracy: The Politics of Feasible Socialism, Socialism after Communism: The New Market Socialism, Avoiding Losses/Taking Risks: Prospect Theory and International Conflict, Locke in America: The Moral Philosophy of the Founding Era, The Myth of American Individualism: The Protestant Origins of American Political Thought, A Union for Empire: Political Thought and the Union of 1707, Multicultural Citizenship, One for All: The Logic of Group Conflict, Conor: A Biography of Conor Cruise O'Brien, Volume I: Narrative, Conor: A Biography of Conor Cruise O'Brien, Volume II: Anthology." Political Studies 44, no. 5 (1996): 958–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1996.tb00344.x.

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27

Hackmann, Jörg. "The Dilemma of Dual Loyalty. Werner Hasselblatt and the Rise and Failure of Baltic German Minority Politics in the Inter-War Period." Studies on National Movements 7, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/snm.85327.

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German minority politics in the Baltic states during the inter-war period has regained significant scholarly attention since the 1990s, when the Estonian concept of cultural autonomy from 1925 was rediscovered as a strategy for solving post 1989 minority conflicts as well as addressing issues of multiculturality. The case of the Baltic German politician Werner Hasselblatt, who is in the focus of this text, however, reveals a Janus-faced political approach: On the one hand, he had a significant share in the implementation of the law on cultural autonomy in Estonia, and he was also a major actor

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28

Broka, Anna, and Anu Toots. "Locating Central and Eastern European emerging welfare regimes: is the youth welfare citizenship typology useful?" International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-04-2021-0104.

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PurposeThe authors’ aim is to establish the variance of youth welfare citizenship regimes in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and to revisit the applicability of the regime approach to the emerging welfare regimes (EWRs).Design/methodology/approachThe empirical analysis follows the descriptive case study strategy aiming to discover diversity of youth welfare citizenship patterns. The case selection is made within the CEE country group, which includes countries in Central Europe, the Baltics, Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe, all sharing the communist past. The subdivision of these countries

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29

Astapova, Anastasiya. "An Estonian-Russian Language Club as a Venue for Grassroots Ethnic Integration." Nationalities Papers, May 17, 2021, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2021.8.

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Abstract One third of Estonian residents identify Russian as their mother tongue, and despite having lived in Estonia for decades, many of them are not fluent in the Estonian language and choose to remain stateless rather than obtain Estonian citizenship by passing the state language exam. Ethnic segregation in Estonia continues to be a matter of bitter political debate, not least in the context of tensions with neighboring Russia and pressure from the EU to solve the problem. While a lot of state resources are being spent on what the Estonian-speaking public often perceives as vain attempts a

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30

"IOM Workshop on Citizenship, Statelessness and the Status of Aliens in the CIS and Baltic States, Helsinki, 12-15 December 1994: Background paper submitted by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)." Refugee Survey Quarterly 13, no. 4 (1994): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rsq/13.4.97.

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