Academic literature on the topic 'Citroe n'
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Journal articles on the topic "Citroe n"
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Djokić, Stojan. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Citrate Complexes." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/436458.
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Formation of silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions was investigated. Although, silver citrate is minimally soluble in water, it can successfully be dissolved in citric acid solutions. The maximum concentration of Ag(I) in solution is estimated at 23 to 25 g/L if the concentration of citric acid is at least 4 mol/L or higher. The dissolution of silver citrate in citric acid solutions was attributed to the formation of silver citrate complexes of a general formula[Ag3(C6H5O7)n+1]3n−. The silver citrate/citric acid solutions, containing more than about 13 g/LAg+ion, have exhibited a decrease in Ag(I) concentration in solution over time, due to crystallization. The crystallization product was attributed to the formation of[Ag3C6H5O7]x⋅nH2O. Importantly, the diluted silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions have exhibited very strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities.
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Wang, Song, Lanlan Xu, Linlin Xu, Chengcheng Tian, and Yinyan Guan. "Optimization of Process Variables in the Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate Using a Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-Supported Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1953563.
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A polyvinylpolypyrrolidone- (PVPP-) supported Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst ([BsPVPP]HSO4) was synthesized by the reaction between SO3H-functionalized PVPP and H2SO4. The prepared catalyst was characterized by IR, XRD, FESEM, TG, and DSC. The catalytic activity of [BsPVPP]HSO4 in the preparation of tributyl citrate (TBC) by the esterification reaction between citric acid and n-butanol was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process variables of the esterification reaction. The variables, including the reaction time, the n-butanol-to-citric acid mole ratio, the reaction temperature, and the catalyst amount, were optimized by a Box-Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, with a n-butanol-to-citric acid mole ratio of 5.2 : 1 and a reaction temperature of 120°C, the TBC yield reached 92.9% within 5.5 h in the presence of 6.6 wt% of catalyst; this result is in good agreement with the values predicted by the mathematical model. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled four times with high catalytic activity.
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Barek, Jiří, Helena Kvapilová, Tibor Pastor, and Jiří Zima. "The coulometric titration of the derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene by generated trivalent titanium." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 2 (1990): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900391.
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Conditions for the coulometric generation of titanium(III) ions in buffer medium in the presence of sodium citrate were found on the basis of a study of the electrochemical behaviour of the Ti(III)/Ti(IV) system. A current efficiency of 100% was attained in acetic acid solution (c = 1 mol l-1) containing citric acid (c = 0.2 mol l-1) and titanium (IV) chloride (c = 0.1 mol l-1), with pH adjusted to 6 using sodium hydroxide, in the current density range 0.5 to 10 mA/cm2 using a mercury electrode and 1 to 2 mA/ cm2 using a paraffin-impregnated spectrographic carbon electrode. It was found that methanol does not affect the current efficiency at contents of up to 33% (v/v) and conditions were found for the coulometric titration of small amounts (0.2-2 mg) of some genotoxic derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene.
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Syntsya, A., J. Čpíková, M. Marounek, P. Mlčochová, L. Sihelková, P. Blafková, M. Tkadlecová, and J. Havlíček. " Preparation of N-alkylamides of highly methylated (HM) citrus pectin." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 21, No. 5 (November 18, 2011): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3494-cjfs.
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N-Alkylamides of highly methylated (HM) citrus pectin (DM = 73%) were prepared using heterogeneous amino-de-alkoxylation (aminolysis) with five selected n-alkylamines. The reaction was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 8°C (n-butylamine), 25°C (n-hexylamine), and 45°C (n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine and n-octadecylamine). All the derivatives were converted into acid forms by washing with acidic water-ethanol mixture. The products were analysed by organic elemental analysis, diffusion reflection FT-IR spectroscopy and by 13C CP/MAS NMR. Both FT-IR and NMR spectra indicate the presence of alkylamide substituents bound to pectin. The degrees of amidation (DA) of the derivatives and molar and mass reaction yields (Y<sub>m</sub>and Y<sub>n</sub>) were calculated based on the results of elemental analysis. The DA values of the N-alkylamides were 39–55% that corresponded to Y<sub>n</sub>of 54–75%.
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EL-Gharib MN, EL-Gharib MN, and Osman AM Osman AM. "Clomiphene Citrateplus N-Acetyl Cysteine, Chromium Picolinate Plus Clomiphene Citrate Versus Clomiphene Citrate Alone In Management Of Pcos." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2014/222.
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Sihelniková, L., A. Synytsya, and J. Čopíková. "Amino-dealkoxylation of hm citruc pectin with n-alkylamines: a kinetic study." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S235–2S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10669-cjfs.
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Pectins are plant polysaccharides that are widely used in food industry. Chemical modification of pectins influences their technological properties. Amidated pectins are important pectin derivatives with good gelling properties at low-sugar conditions. The common method of pectin amidation is ammonolysis of methyl ester groups of highly methoxylated (HM) pectins in heterogeneous reaction with ammonia in methanol. Aminodealkoxylation (aminolysis) of HM pectin with primary amines leads to the formation of N-alkylpectinamides. The reaction yield of aminolysis depends on reaction time, temperature and the pectin/alkylamine ratio. The reaction of HM citrus pectin (type XSS, Danisco) with five chosen n-alkylamines (n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine and n-octadecylamine) was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 20°C (n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine) and at 50°C (all the amines) for 1–9 days. Obtained results can be applied to prepare N-alkylpectinamides of predicted DA varying the reaction time at the same reaction conditions (temperature, pectin/alkylamine ratio).
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Lin, Ying, Hai Bo Yang, and Fen Wang. "Preparation and Morphological Controlling of Nanophase NaNbO3 by Sol-Gel Method." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.140.
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With citric acid as chelating agent, ethylene alcohol as etherification agent and water as solvent, NaNbO3 nanopowder was synthesized by citrate sol-gel method. The effects of amount of CA and EG, pH value on the stability of the precursor sol were investigated. The evolution of NaNbO3 crystal phase was also investigated by XRD and TG-DTA. The results showed that a homogeneous precursor sol was formed at in the case of n(CA) : n(metal ion)=3:1, n(CA) : n(EG)=1: 2 and 1:3 and pH=7.5. Sintering process largely influences the morphology of the prepared products. Grain-like nanoparticles could be obtained with a rapid temperature rising rate, while nanorods were obtained with a slow rate. The forming mechanism of different morphologies of the prepared nanoparticles was also discussed.
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Ercan, Meral T., Tülin Aras, Erkan Ünlenen, Mustafa Ünlü, Işil S. Ünsal, and Zafer Hasçelik. "99mTc-citrate versus 67Ga-citrate for the scintigraphic visualization of inflammatory lesions." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 20, no. 7 (October 1993): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(93)90155-n.
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KNITTEL, MARIE LAURENCE. "Détermination et modification dans les expressions N à N en français." Journal of French Language Studies 22, no. 2 (February 18, 2011): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269510000633.
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RESUMEDans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux compléments du nom indéterminés introduits par à (plante à fleurs, tasse à café), pour lesquels nous proposons une classification fondée sur les propriétés sémantiques du second nom (N2) et le type de relation qu'il entretient avec le premier (N1). Nous montrons que ces propriétés rendent compte du comportement syntaxique de N2 vis-à-vis de la détermination, des numéraux et de la modification. Nous comparons également les N2 indéterminés à ceux qui renvoient à des ingrédients (tarte au citron), et qui apparaissent nécessairement déterminés.
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Li, Gong, Fei Ke Wu, and Hui Juan Tong. "Synthesis, Characterization of Novel Hexamethyleneiminium-Based Ionic Liquids and their Application in Esterification." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.155.
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Three novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(3-sulfopropyl) hexamethyleneiminium hydrogen sulfate ([HMIPS]HSO4), 1-(3-sulfopropyl) hexamethyleneiminium tosilate ([HMIPS]OTs) and 1-hexamethyleneiminium hydrogen sulfate([HMI]HSO4), were synthesized and characterized by1H NMR, FT-IR and DSC-TG. Their catalytic activities for the esterification of citric acid with n-butanol were examined and compared with the imidazolium-based ILs. The results showed that the hexamethyleneiminium-based ILs exhibits excellent catalytic activity. By using [HMIPS]HSO4as the catalyst, the yield of tributyl citrate reached 97.5%. Furthermore, the catalysts were reused at least 10 times without significant decrease in activity
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Citroe n"
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Muranaka, Lígia Segatto. "Mecanismos envolvidos com a sobrevivência de Xylella fastidiosa em condições de estresse e efeito de N-Acetil-L-Cisteína em seu biofilme." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/316427.
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Orientadores: Alessandra Alves de Souza, Marco Aurélio TakitaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Xylella fastidiosa é uma bactéria Gram-negativa que causa várias doenças em diferentes espécies de plantas, como a clorose variegada dos citros (CVC) em Citrus sinensis, cujos danos econômicos são da ordem de milhões de dólares anuais. O desenvolvimento dos sintomas tem sido associado ao bloqueio dos vasos do xilema causado pela formação de um biofilme pela bactéria. Recentemente foi verificado que o biofilme de X. fastidiosa é mais resistente a compostos antimicrobianos que a forma planctônica. Essa resistência tem se mostrado um fenômeno complexo que não pode ser explicado por um único mecanismo, e sim por multifatores. Nesse sentido, a proposta desse trabalho foi identificar, por microarranjos de DNA, genes possivelmente associados à adaptação do biofilme na presença de compostos antimicrobianos, em concentrações letais para células em crescimento planctônico, mas que não inibiram o crescimento do biofilme. Foram encontrados 223 (7,87%) CDS induzidas na presença de cobre e 150 (5,29%) reprimidas. Com tetraciclina foram 450 (15,89%) induzidas e 449 (15,85%) reprimidas. Muitas sequências codificadoras envolvidas com funções da síntese proteica, metabolismo energético, divisão celular e movimentação foram moduladas negativamente em ambas as situações, sugerindo que tais modificações contribuiriam para um provável estado de resistência. Com a adição da dose subinibitória de cobre também foi observada a indução de genes relacionados à adesão e produção de toxinas, que estão envolvidos com a virulência da bactéria em planta, o que sugere esta seria aumentada possivelmente induzindo maior severidade de sintomas. Já com tetraciclina o oposto foi observado, repressão de genes relacionados à formação do biofilme e produção de toxinas. No entanto, identificamos a indução de um possível mecanismo de resposta SOS, pela qual genes relacionados ao sistema toxina-antitoxina seriam superexpressos. Esse sistema provavelmente está envolvido com a morte celular programada e formação de células persistentes. Assim é possível concluir que doses subinibitórias de compostos antimicrobianos poderiam ao invés de matar, induzir a virulência da bactéria, como ocorrido com o cobre, ou a formação de células persistentes, como observado com a tetraciclina. Outra abordagem desse trabalho foi à realização de experimentos in vitro e in vivo com um análogo de cisteína, o N-acetyl-L-cysteina (NAC), que já vem sendo utilizado na medicina para desestruturação de biofilmes de bactériaspatógenas de humanos. Resultados da quantificação da massa celular, número de célulasviáveis e exopolissacarídeos totais revelaram que todas as doses de NAC (1, 2 e 6 mg/mL) testadas nos experimentos in vitro diminuiram a formação do biofilme e inibiram o crescimento de X. fastidiosa, o que indica um possível efeito tóxico dessa substância. Nos experimentos in vivo foi observada uma grande redução dos sintomas de CVC em plantas de C. sinensis infectadas e tratadas com diferentes doses de NAC. Esses estudos abrem uma real perspectiva ao uso dessa substância para o manejo da CVC.
Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes several diseases in different plant species, including citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), whose economic damage is of millions of dollars annually. The symptoms development has been associated with the blockage of xylem vessels caused by bacterial biofilm formation. Recently it was found that the biofilm of X. fastidiosa is more resistant to antimicrobial compounds than the planktonic cells. This resistance has been considered as a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained by a single mechanism, but by multi-factors. Accordingly, the intent of this study was to identify through DNA microarray technology, genes possibly involved in adaptation of biofilm cells to the presence of antimicrobial compounds in concentrations that are lethal to cells in planktonic growth, but do not inhibit the cell growth in biofilm. We found 223 (7.87%) genes induced in presence of copper and 150 (5.29%) genes repressed. For tetracycline, there were 450 (15.89%) induced genes and 449 (15.85%) repressed ones. Many genes encoding proteins related to protein synthesis, energy metabolism and cell division were negatively modulated in both, copper and tetracycline treatments, suggesting that these changes could contribute to a state of resistance. When a subinhibitory dose of copper was applied we could also observe the induction of genes related to adhesion and thus biofilm formation and toxin production, suggesting that the bacterial virulence should be increased. The opposite was found for tetracycline. However, we observed the induction of a possible SOS response mechanism in which genes related to a toxin-antitoxin system was overexpressed. This system is probably involved with programmed cell death and formation of persistent cells. We then concluded that subinhibitory doses of antimicrobial compounds could induce bacterial virulence as occurred for copper, or the formation of persistent cells, as observed for tetracycline rather than kill the cells. Another approach of this work was to carry out experiments in vitro and in vivo with an analogue of cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which has been already used in medicine as a drug for disruption of biofilms formed by human pathogenic bacteria. Results of cellular mass quantification, number of viable cells and total exopolysaccharide content revealed that all doses (1.0, 2.0 and 6.0 mg / mL) of NAC tested in in vitro experiments decreased the biofilm formation and inhibited growth of X. fastidiosa, which indicated that this substance could also be toxic for the bacteria. In vivo experiments showed a strong reduction in CVC symptoms in C. sinensis plants infected and treated with different doses of NAC. These studies open a real prospect for the use of this compound in CVC management.
Mestrado
Genetica de Microorganismos
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular
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Sanchez, C. A., and D. Zerihun. "Analysis and Evaluation of the Performance of Surface N-Fertigation on the Yuma Mesa." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223651.
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The application of N-fertilizers mixed with a surface irrigation stream (surface N-fertigation) is widely practiced in the Yume Mesa. Guidelines for the efficient management of surface N-fertigation systems are needed. The purpose of the work reported herein is to evaluate the relative effectiveness of existing surface N-fertigation management practices in the Yuma Mesa. This has been accomplished through the following steps: (1) a complete set of performance indices that can be used to assess the relative merit of alternative management scenarios are identified and defined and Equations as well as solutions for quantifying the performance indices are proposed; (2) surface fertigation field experiments (using Br- as a tracer) were performed in two irrigation basins at the Yuma Mesa research farm of the University of Arizona during the fall season of 2000; (3) the spatial distribution as well as the application efficiency and adequacy of Br- applied with irrigation water was determined using the performance functions proposed herein; and (4) the results were analyzed to assess the merits and limitations of existing practices.
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Serciloto, Chryz Melinski. "Efeitos de MBTA [cloridrato de N,N-dietil-2-(4-metilbenziloxi) etilamina] na qualidade, produtividade e em características fisiológicas de três cultivares de citros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-04122007-105437/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos do biorregulador MBTA [cloridrato de N,N-dietil-2-(4-metilbenziloxi) etilamina] aplicado em diferentes épocas e concentrações sobre a produtividade e qualidade dos frutos das laranjeiras 'Hamlin', 'Valência' e 'Pêra' e em características fisiológicas da laranjeira 'Hamlin'. Em duas safras consecutivas, o MBTA foi aplicado em três diferentes concentrações (8; 16 e 32 mg L-1) e em duas diferentes fases fenológicas (25% e 100% de flores abertas) em árvores cítricas adultas, utilizando um volume de 7 litros de solução por planta acompanhada do adjuvante Silwett L-77 0,05%. Foram amostrados 20 frutos por planta em quatro diferentes épocas para cada cultivar estudado para determinar o teor de sólidos solúveis totais; acidez; quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais em caixa industrial de 40,8 kg; pH; rendimento de suco; cor do suco, massa média e diâmetro médio dos frutos. Os efeitos do MBTA variaram de acordo com o cultivar, concentração aplicada e com a fase fenológica de aplicação. Na laranjeira 'Hamlin', o MBTA na concentração de 16 mg L-1 aplicado com 25% de flores abertas incrementou o teor de sólidos solúveis totais, o rendimento de suco e a quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais por caixa de 40,8 kg. Este mesmo tratamento também reduziu a massa média dos frutos e não alterou a acidez, o "ratio", a cor do suco, o diâmetro médio dos frutos e a produtividade final da laranjeira 'Hamlin'. O incremento médio foi de 0,45 a 0,56% na concentração de sólidos solúveis totais e de 0,16 a 0,18 kg na quantidade de sólidos solúveis por caixa padrão de 40,8 kg. Na laranjeira 'Pêra', o MBTA na concentração de 8 mg L-1 aplicado com 25% de flores abertas incrementou o teor de sólidos solúveis totais, a acidez, a quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais por caixa de 40,8 kg e a produtividade. Este mesmo tratamento também reduziu a massa média dos frutos e não alterou o rendimento de suco, o ratio, a cor do suco e o diâmetro médio dos frutos. O incremento médio foi de 0,49 a 0,65% na concentração de sólidos solúveis totais, de 0,11 a 0,13 kg na quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais por caixa padrão de 40,8 kg e de 20,4 kg/planta na produtividade. Na laranjeira 'Valência', o MBTA na concentração de 16 mg L-1 aplicado com 25% ou 100% de flores abertas incrementou a quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais por caixa de 40,8 kg. Estes tratamentos não promoveram alterações consistentes sobre o teor de sólidos solúveis totais, o rendimento de suco, a acidez, o ratio, a massa média dos frutos, o diâmetro médio dos frutos, a cor dos frutos e a produtividade. O incremento médio foi de 0,11 a 0,14 kg na quantidade de sólidos solúveis totais por caixa industrial padrão de 40,8 kg. Aumentos na assimilação de CO2 e uma diminuição no conteúdo foliar de carboidratos foram observados nas folhas tratadas com MBTA na concentração de 16 mg L-1. Os efeitos do MBTA sobre a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos estão possivelmente relacionados com a fotossíntese a com relações fonte-dreno.The purpose of this research was to evaluate effects of MBTA [N,N-diethyl-2-(4- metylbenzyloxy) ethylamine hydrochloride] bioregulator applied on different times and concentrations on the yield and fruit quality of 'Hamlin', 'Pera' and 'Valencia' sweet orange and on physiological characteristics of 'Hamlin' sweet orange. In two consecutive harvest seasons, the MBTA was sprayed in three different concentrations (8; 16 and 32 mg L-1) and in two different phenological phases (25% and 100% open flowers) in citrus mature trees, using 7 L of spray per tree added with Silwett L-77 adjuvant at 0.05%. For each cultivar, twenty fruits per tree were sampled in four different times to determine the total soluble solids concentration, acidity, quantity of total soluble solids in 40.8 kg box, pH, juice concentration, juice color, fruit weight and diameter. The effects of MBTA varied according to the cultivar, concentration and phenological phase of application. In 'Hamlin' sweet orange, the MBTA at 16 mg L-1 concentration sprayed with 25% open flowers increased the total soluble solids concentration, juice concentration and the quantity of total soluble solids per 40,8 kg box. This same treatment decreased the fruit weight and didn´t affect the acidity, ratio, juice color, fruit diameter and yield. The average increase was from 0.45 to 0.56% on total soluble solids concentration and from 0.16 to 0.18 kg on the quantity of total soluble solids per 40.8 kg box. In 'Pera' sweet orange, the MBTA at 8 mg L-1 concentration sprayed with 25% open flowers increased the total soluble solids concentration, acidity, the quantity of total soluble solids per 40.8 kg box and the yield. This same treatment decreased the fruit weight and didn´t affect the juice concentration, ratio, juice color and fruit diameter. The average increase was from 0.49 to 0.65% on total soluble solids concentration, from 0.11 to 0.13 kg on the quantity of total soluble solids per 40.8 kg box and 20.4 kg/tree on yield. In 'Valencia' sweet orange, the MBTA at 16 mg L-1 concentration sprayed with 25% or 100% open flowers increased the quantity of total soluble solids per 40.8 kg box. These treatments didn't cause consistent changes in the total soluble solids concentration, acidity, fruit diameter, fruit weight, juice concentration, ratio, juice color and the yield. The average increase was from 0.11 to 0.14 kg on the quantity of total soluble solids per 40.8 kg box. An increase on the CO2 assimilation and a decrease on foliar carbohydrate content were observed in the leaves sprayed with MBTA at 16 mg L-1 concentration. The MBTA effects on the yield and fruit quality are possibly related to the photosynthesis and source-sink relations.
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Sanchez, Charles A., Glenn C. Wright, and Manuel Peralta. "Continued Evaluation of N Fertilization Practices for Surface Irrigated Lemons." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198112.
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Much of the citrus produced in southwestern Arizona is grown on sandy soils. Because these soils have a low ion exchange capacity, are highly permeable to water, and are prone to nitrate leaching, achieving efficient N management presents a continuing challenge. A field study was conducted on a superstition sand to evaluate the response of lemons to combinations of soil and foliar applied N. Lemon yields significantly increased by soil applied N. Foliar N increased yields of lemons the first harvest at the lower soil N rates. However, there were no other significant responses to foliar N. Overall, there were few meaningful changes in fruit quality to N fertilization. The N content of the leaves increased linearly to soil N application
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Fontes, Angelo Ricardo. "Confiss?es de il?citos penais n?o cometidos : uma abordagem interdisciplinar." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/4987.
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Previous issue date: 2007-01-19Esta disserta??o se refere a um estudo interdisciplinar sobre as causas que levam pessoas ? confiss?o de atos il?citos penais n?o cometidos, a compreens?o das t?cnicas usadas em interrogat?rios e as infer?ncias psicossociais neles presentes que possam estimul?-las a tanto. O tema e tratado pelo confronto anal?tico e cr?tico de teorias de autores nacionais e estrangeiros e ? relacionado com os procedimentos do direito processual penal brasileiro. A confiss?o ? tomada como um comportamento autodestrutivo, e a compuls?o humana a ela, sustentada por Reik, ? estimulada pelo contexto religioso, que atingiu, subseq?entemente, as esferas inquisit?rias estatais. Neste tudo, constatou-se que indiv?duos sugestion?veis e com debilidades ps?quicas e/ou mnem?nicas s?o suscet?veis a confessar falsamente e que os conceitos de verdade material e formal s?o insuficientes ? reconstitui??o de um evento, pois essa verdade, de fato, e constru?da. Desse modo, o saber jur?dico, por si s?, n?o promove o entendimento do fen?meno, tornando imprescind?vel que se busque aux?lio em conhecimentos advindos de outras ?reas. Percebeu-se, outrossim, que inquiridores utilizam diversas estrat?gias para a obten??o da auto-acusa??o, o que leva ? presun??o de que toda confiss?o obtida judicialmente ou extrajudicialmente ? coagida, desde que n?o esteja plena e abundantemente corroborada por provas formalmente judicializadas, e ? de se destacar que, mesmo falsa, influencia julgadores no proferimento de senten?as condenat?rias.
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Sanchez, C. A., M. Wilcox, G. C. Wright, and P. Brown. "Efficient Irrigation and N Management for Lemons: Results for 1993-1996." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220520.
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Studies are being conducted which aim to improve the efficiency of irrigation and N fertilization for lemons produced on sandy soils in the low desert The first experiment evaluates the response of 'Lisbon' lemons to various flood irrigation intervals. Irrigation intervals are based on soil moisture depletion (SMD) as calculated from frequent neutron probe soil moisture measurements. Individual treatments were irrigated when total SMI) was 25 %, 40 %, 55 %, and 70 %, respectively. The second experiment compares the performance of young lemons produced under flood, trickle, and micro-spray irrigation systems. The third experiment evaluates the response of young lemons to water and N combinations (3 by 3 factorial) under micro - spray irrigation. The three irrigation rates were targeted for 30 cnbar, 20 cnbar, and 10 cnbar tension. The three N rates were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 kg N/tree. One flood irrigation treatment was added for comparative purposes. Overall, results obtained in experiment 1 during 1994, 1995, and 1996 indicate optimal fruit growth and yield is obtained at approximately 40% SMD. The results of experiment 2 show that after 3 years, only micro-jet irrigation produced less tree growth than flood irrigation. In 1995, first year fruit yields were significantly greater for pressurized irrigation compared to flood irrigation. However, by 1996 there were no differences in yield to irrigation treatment. Results from experiment 3 show a linear response in tree growth to irrigation. In 1994 and 1995, tree growth at the high micro - spray soil moisture regime was significantly greater than trees irrigated by flood. However, in 1996 where we failed to increase the micro-spay irrigation time to meet the increased water demand by the trees, the flood irrigation regime was superior. Yields were also increased to irrigation. There were no significant differences in tree growth to N fertilization rates in 1994 and 1995. However, there was increased tree growth in 1996 and a yield increase to N fertilizer rate at the highest soil moisture regime.
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Sanchez, C. A., and M. Peralta. "Response of Micro-Sprinkler Irrigated ‘Lisbon’ lemons to N Rate and Source on a Superstition Sand." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198115.
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Much of the citrus produced in southwestern Arizona is grown on sandy soils. Because these soils have a low ion exchange capacity, are highly permeable to water, and are prone to nitrate leaching, achieving efficient N management presents a continuing challenge. Studies were conducted during 1999, 2000, and 2001 to evaluate the response of micro-sprinkler irrigated lemons to N rate (0, 1.8, and 3.6 kg N tree-1 yr-1) and N source (UN32, CAN-17, CN9, and mixed program) on Superstition Sand. Lemon yield increased by N rate during the first and second harvests in 1999, 2000, and 2001. In 1999, yields increased linearly to 3.6 kg N tree-1 yr-1 but in 2000 and 2001 yields were maximized at 1.8 kg N tree-1 yr-1. In 1999 where larger increments of N were applied over a smaller time period relative to the other seasons, UN32 seemed to decrease yields at the highest N rate. There were no significant effects to N source in 2000 and 2001.
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Drews, Anna Cl?udia. "Caracter?sticas citol?gicas do escarro induzido em crian?as com asma at?pica e n?o-at?pica no Sul do Brasil." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2007. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1455.
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Previous issue date: 2007-05-23Introdu??o: O escarro induzido (EI) ? um m?todo n?o-invasivo ?til para avaliar a inflama??o de vias a?reas inferiores, caracter?stica principal observada na asma. Sabe-se que em adultos a inflama??o do tipo eosinof?lica ? a mais comumente encontrada, pois a maioria desses pacientes apresenta alergia como caracter?stica associada. Em crian?as, observa-se um n?mero significativo de asm?ticos com caracter?sticas n?o-al?rgicas e nestes casos ainda n?o est? bem definido qual o padr?o inflamat?rio predominante. H? poucos estudos comparando a inflama??o br?nquica entre estes diferentes fen?tipos de asma. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar caracter?sticas citol?gicas do EI em crian?as com asma at?pica e n?o-at?pica, comparando-as a um grupo controle sadio. M?todos: Dentre crian?as que participaram da fase II do estudo ISAAC no sul do Brasil, que tinham respondido ao question?rio de doen?as respirat?rias e haviam sido submetidas a testes cut?neos para al?rgenos ambientais comuns, uma sub-amostra aleat?ria foi selecionada. Assim definiram-se grupos representando dois fen?tipos cl?nicos de asma e um grupo controle de normais, a saber: asma at?pica (AA), asma n?oat?pica (ANA) e controles n?o-asm?ticos/n?o-at?picos (NANA). Todas estas crian?as tiveram escarro induzido atrav?s de solu??o salina a 4.5% e as caracter?sticas citol?gicas foram comparadas entre os tr?s grupos. Resultados: Noventa crian?as foram selecionadas a participar do estudo, sendo inclu?das setenta e seis crian?as (28 AA, 29 ANA e 19 NANA), com m?dia de idade de 13 (0.97) anos. O escarro foi induzido com sucesso em 55 (72.3%) crian?as (21 AA, 21 ANA e 13 NANA). Os dados demogr?ficos e a m?dia do VEF1 foram similares nos tr?s grupos. A mediana (intervalo interquartil) da propor??o de eosin?filos foi significativamente superior no escarro dos AA [9 (14)], comparado aos ANA [1 (2)] e aos NANA [0.5 (1)], p<0,001. A propor??o de crian?as com eosinofilia no escarro (eos ≥3%) foi tamb?m significativamente maior nos AA (81%) que nos ANA (23.9%), e n?o houve nenhum caso entre os NANA (p<0,001). A mediana (intervalo interquartil) da contagem de neutr?filos foi significativamente maior no escarro dos ANA [18 (5.6)], comparado aos AA [11 (2)] e aos NANA [(13 (7)], p<0.001. Conclus?es: Os resultados indicam que uma inflama??o eosinof?lica, assim como ocorre em pacientes adultos, pode ser detectada desde a pr?-adolesc?ncia em crian?as com asma at?pica. Por outro lado, asm?ticos n?o-at?picos n?o apresentam este perfil de resposta inflamat?ria, sendo neste grupo evidenciada uma maior propor??o de neutr?filos
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Ferreira, Eric Silva. "Efeitos do substrato e da densidade populacional sobre as atividades comportamentais e n?veis de hom?citos em rela??o ? densidade em Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE, 1931)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17363.
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Previous issue date: 2006-06-28Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Carciniculture in Brazil occupies world-wide prominence due to shrimp culture, and the state of Rio Grande do Norte has presented the best results in the culture of the Litopenaeus vannamei in the last decade. This species has been shown to adapt easily to different environments and is between the five most cultivated penaeids of the world. The ponds are usually constructed in areas close to water courses and estuaries. Stock density and substrate ponds can pollute environment, causing losses in the growth and survival of the shrimps, being considered stress factors. Shrimps in inadequate densities and substrates can result reduced productivity of the farm; and favor diseases. So, it is important to verify how these variables influence the development of the animals in the culture farms. Our objective was to study the influence of the type of substrate and the stock density on the behavior and haemocyte count of the L. vannamei. Individually marked juvenile shrimps were kept in aquaria with 30 L of seawater and continuous aeration, in 12L-12D photoperiod. They were observed through Ad libitum and focal sampling instantaneous methods during thirty days, five times per week, six times per day (8:00 to 18:00) in windows of 15 minutes every two hours. The marking of carapace permitted quantifying molting and the feeding was supplied three times a day. Two experiments were carried out: the first one tested animals in the three different substrates (fine sand, smaller rocks-SPP and biggest rocks-SGR) with 33 shrimp/m2. In the second one, the animals were tested in three stock densities (26, 52 and 66 shrimp/m2) in fine sand substrate. At the end of experiment, biometry (first and second ones) and haemocyte count (second one) were made. The behavior of the L. vannamei seems to have been influenced by substrate and stocking density. In low granulometry of the substrate; the exploratory behavior became more frequent and inactivity of the shrimps was reduced. Burrowing was registered in sand substrate, specially in the initial period of the day. Cleaning was gradually higher along the day, presenting the biggest levels as the dark phase approached. The ingestion of feeding was more frequent in low density, and the animals were bigger and heavier at the end of the experiment. In the fine sand condition, the animals presented better growth, probably associated with the burrowing. The molting was equivalent in all types of substrate, but it was more frequent in high densities. Mortality of the shrimps was more frequent in high densities, and cannibalism and diseases were also registered in that condition. The clinical signals were similar to the ones of infectious mionecrosis (IMNV), generally associated with environment and physical stress. The haemocyte count was low for the hematologic standards of the penaeid, which we attributed for greater dilution of haemolymph in the postmolting phase. Smaller shrimps presented lower levels of haemocytes in relation to the bigger animals, count was also low in 26 shrimp/m2 density. The study demonstrates that stocking density and the granulometry of the substrate can affect the welfare, the health and the behavior of the L. vannamei. The sand substrate and low stocking density can be important tools in the management systems of shrimp production
A carcinicultura brasileira ocupa lugar de destaque mundial devido ? cria??o de camar?o, sendo o Rio Grande do Norte o maior produtor no cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei. Essa esp?cie apresenta grande adapta??o ambiental e est? entre os cinco pene?deos mais cultivados do mundo. A cria??o ? realizada em viveiros nas ?reas pr?ximas a cursos d ?gua e estu?rios. Altas densidades populacionais e o substrato dos viveiros acarretam o aumento da polui??o e promovem perdas no crescimento e na sobreviv?ncia dos camar?es, sendo considerados fatores estressantes. Esses fatores podem comprometer a produtividade dos viveiros e favorecer doen?as, sendo importante verificar como essas vari?veis influenciam no desenvolvimento dos animais nas fazendas de cultivo. Nosso objetivo foi estudar a influ?ncia do tipo de substrato e da densidade populacional sobre o padr?o de atividades comportamentais e os n?veis de hem?citos (CHT) de L. vannamei. Em aqu?rios com 30 litros de ?gua salgada com aera??o cont?nua e em fotoper?odo 12C 12E (claro das 06:00 ?s 18:00), camar?es juvenis marcados individualmente foram observados pelos m?todos Ad libitum e focal instant?neo durante 30 dias, 5 vezes por semana, 6 observa??es di?rias (iniciando a primeira ?s 8:00 e a ?ltima ?s 18:00) em janelas de 15 minutos a cada duas horas, sendo registrado a cada minuto os seus comportamentos e localiza??o. Tamb?m foi feita a marca??o da carapa?a para quantificar as ecdises e a alimenta??o foi fornecida tr?s vezes ao dia. Dois experimentos foram realizados: tr?s substratos diferenciados (Areia, Seixos Pequenos e Seixos Grandes) com 33 animais/m2; e outro com tr?s densidades populacionais (26, 52 e 66 animais/m2) em substrato arenoso. Ao final dos experimentos, foram feitas a biometria dos camar?es e a contagem de hem?citos (apenas no 2? experimento). O padr?o geral de atividades comportamentais de L. vannamei n?o foi influenciado pelo substrato e densidade populacional. Contudo, ? medida que diminuiu a granulometria do substrato, o comportamento de explora??o tornou-se mais freq?ente e reduziu a inatividade dos camar?es. O enterramento foi registrado em substrato arenoso, sendo maior no per?odo inicial do dia. A limpeza distribuiu-se de forma crescente ? medida que a fase escura se aproximava, sendo maior ? noite. A ingest?o alimentar foi mais freq?ente em densidade baixa; acarretando maior crescimento nos camar?es. Houve maior ganho de peso nos animais em substrato arenoso, podendo estar associado com o enterramento e a taxa de crescimento dos animais. A taxa de ecdise foi igual em todos os substratos testados, mas a taxa de ecdise foi maior em maiores densidades. A mortalidade foi mais elevada em condi??es de maiores densidades, sendo registrados canibalismo e enfermidades nos animais. Os sinais cl?nicos foram semelhantes aos da mionecrose infecciosa (IMNV), geralmente associada ao estresse ambiental. Os n?veis de hem?citos foram baixos para os padr?es dos pene?deos, atribu?da pela maior dilui??o da hemolinfa na fase de p?s-ecdise. Camar?es menores apresentaram n?meros de hem?citos reduzidos em rela??o aos maiores, sendo tamb?m baixos em densidade de 26 camar?es/m2. O estudo demonstrou que os efeitos da densidade populacional elevada e a gramulometria do substrato podem afetar o bem estar, a sa?de e o comportamento de L. vannamei. O uso de substrato arenoso e baixa densidade populacional parecem ser medidas de manejo importantes em um sistema de produ??o de camar?o
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Silva, Júlio César Rodrigues Lopes. "Produção de biomassa, análise sensorial de chás, caracterização química do óleo essencial por cromatografia gasosa uni e bidimensional abrangente de clones selecionados de Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br quimiotipo citral /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181545.
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Orientador: Marcia Ortiz Mayo MarquesBanca: Beatriz Helena Lameiro de Noronha Sales Maia
Banca: Filipe Pereira Giardini Bonfim
Resumo: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br, pertencente à família Verbenaceae é uma planta medicinal amplamente distribuída na América do Sul. A composição química do óleo essencial da espécie, a qual derivam suas propriedades terapêuticas mostra-se variável, com divisão em quimiotipos. Entre eles, o quimiotipo citral destaca-se pelas ações calmante e ansiolítica, sendo suas folhas empregadas na medicina popular na forma de chá. Dessa forma, visando o potencial uso econômico de Lippia alba, este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar clones de Lippia alba do quimiotipo citral quanto a produtividade de biomassa e óleo essencial, perfil sensorial do chá e composição química do óleo essencial pelas técnicas de cromatografia gasosa unidimensional (CG) e bidimensional abrangente (CG×CG). Entre os clones, dois mostraram-se promissores para inserção em sistemas de produção, com foco em maior produção de biomassa e óleo essencial. Os perfis químicos dos óleos essenciais dos clones são variáveis entre si. O emprego do sistema CG×CG resultou em maior capacidade de detecção dos constituintes dos óleos essenciais. Ao todo foram identificadas 47 substâncias por CG×CG, contra 26 no CG. A maior sensibilidade e resolução fazem do sistema CG×CG uma importante ferramenta metabolômica no estudo dos constituintes voláteis de Lippia alba. Os clones X6M?C e X6M7 se destacaram quanto as características sensoriais de aroma e sabor, com potencial de inclusão na indústria alimentícia na forma de chá.
Abstract: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br, from the Verbanaceae family is a medicinal plant widely distributed in the South America. The species's essential oil chemical composition, which derives its therapeutic properties, shows itself as variable, with division in chemotypes. Among them, the citral chemotype highlights itself for the soothing and anxiolytic actions, being its leaves used in the popular medicine in the form of tea. Thus, aiming the potential economic use of the Lippia alba, this work has as objectives evaluate the clones of the citral chemotype of Lippia alba in terms of productivity of biomass and essential oil, sensorial profile and chemical composition of the essential oil by using the one-dimensional gas Chromatography (CG) and comprehensive twodimensional gas chromatography(CGxCG). Among the clone, two stood out as promising to insertion in production systems, with focus on a bigger production of biomass and essential oil. The chemical profiles of the clones's essential oil are variable among themselves. The use of the CGxCG system have resulted in a bigger capacity of identification of the essential oils constituents. Altogether, 47 substances have been identified by CGxCG, against 26 in CG. The better sensibility and resolution are part of the CGxCG, an important metabolomics tool of the volatile constituents of Lippia alba. The X6M?C e X6M7 clones stood out in terms of sensorial features of flavor, with potential of inclusion in the food industry in the form of tea.
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Books on the topic "Citroe n"
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Jex, Robert, and Lou Brown. Citroen Saxo (Haynes "MaxPower"). Haynes Manuals Inc, 2002.
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Rendle, Steve, and A. K. Legg. Citroen Xantia (1993-98)Service and Repair Manual. 2nd ed. Haynes Publishing, 1999.
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Junior, Dirceu de Mattos. Citrus response functions to N, P, and K fertilization and N uptake dynamics. 2000.
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Karlinsky, Nahum. California Dreaming: Ideology, Society, And Technology In The Citrus Industry Of Palestine, 1890-1939 (S U N Y Series in Israeli Studies). State University of New York Press, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Citroe n"
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Gooch, Jan W. "Tri-n-butyl Citrate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 768. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12141.
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Simola, Nicola, Micaela Morelli, Tooru Mizuno, Suzanne H. Mitchell, Harriet de Wit, H. Valerie Curran, Celia J. A. Morgan, et al. "N,N Dimethyl-2[α-(o-Tolyl)Benzyloxy]Ethylamine HCl or Citrate." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_4389.
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Serna, M. D., F. Legaz, and E. Primo-Millo. "Improvement of the N fertilizer efficiency with dicyandiamide (dcd) in citrus trees." In Fertilizers and Environment, 205–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1586-2_33.
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Zheng, Shan, Lian Gao, Hiroshi Watanabe, Junichi Tatami, Toru Wakihara, Katsutoshi Komeya, and Takeshi Meguro. "Improving the Microstructure of Si3N4-TiN Composites Using Ammonium Citrate to Disperse Raw TiO2 Powders." In Innovation in Ceramic Science and Engineering, 115–18. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-454-5.115.
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"Tri-n-butyl citrate." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 1006–7. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_11906.
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Soytong, Kasem, Somdej Kahonokmedhakul, Jiaojiao Song, and Rujira Tongon. "Chaetomium Application in Agriculture." In Technology in Agriculture [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99402.
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Chaetomium species for plant disease control are reported to be antagonize many plant pathogens. It is a new broad spectrum biological fungicide from Chaetomium species which firstly discovered and patented No. 6266, International Code: AO 1 N 25/12, and registered as Ketomium® mycofungicide for plant disease control in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and China. Chaetoimum biofungicide and biostimulants are applied to implement integrated plant disease control. It showed protective and curative effects in controlling plant disease and promoting plant growth. It has been successfully applied to the infested soils with integrated cultural control for the long-term protection against rice blast (Magnaporte oryzae), durian and black Pepper rot (Piper nigram L.) (Phytophthora palmivora), citrus rot (Phytophthora parasitica) and strawberry rot (Fragaria spp.) caused by Phytophthora cactorum, wilt of tomato (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), basal rot of corn (Sclerotium rolfsii) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) etc. Further research is reported on the other bioactive compounds from active strains of Chaetomium spp. We have discovered various new compounds from Ch. globosum, Ch. cupreum, Ch. elatum, Ch. cochliodes, Ch. brasiliense, Ch. lucknowense, Ch. longirostre and Ch. siamense. These new compounds are not only inhibiting human pathogens (anti-malaria, anti-tuberculosis, anti-cancer cell lines and anti-C. albicans etc) but also plant pathogens as well. These active natural products from different strains of Chaetomium spp. are further developed to be biodegradable nanoparticles from active metabolites as a new discovery of scientific investigation which used to induce plant immunity, namely microbial degradable nano-elicitors for inducing immunity through phytoalexin production in plants e.g. inducing tomato to produce alpha-tomaline against Fusarium wilt of tomato, capsidiol against chili anthracnose, sakuranitin and oryzalexin B against rice blast, scopletin and anthrocyaidin against Phytophthora or Pythium rot Durian and scoparone against Phytophthora or Pythium rot of citrus. Chaetomium biofungicide can be applied instead of toxic chemical fungicides to control plant diseases.
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Didillon, B., J. P. Candy, F. Le Peletier, O. A. Ferretti, and J. M. Basset. "Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metals; Selective hydrogenation of citral on silica supported Rhodium modified by tetra-n-butyl Germanium, Tin and Lead." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 147–54. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)63314-5.
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"Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics." In Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics, edited by ERIC J. WAGNER, QUINN CANNON, MARK SMITH, RYAN HILLYARD, and RONNEY ARNDT. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569377.ch6.
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<em>ABSTRACT. </em>The ability of several compounds to discharge the polar filaments of polar capsules of the triactinomyxon stage of <em>Myxobolus cerebralis </em>was tested. Premature polar filament discharge may provide a means for preventing the infective stage of myxozoan parasites from attaching to fish hosts. The discharge regimes evaluated included high and low pH, chloride and phosphate salts, calcium chelators, direct current, mucus, tricaine methanesulfonate anesthetic, neurochemicals, and chemosensitizing agents that are effective discharge agents for members of the phylum Cnidaria. Polar filament discharge, in response to HCl or NaOH, did not differ from controls until pH levels dropped to 1.1 or increased to 11.7. Among the chloride salts tested (NaCl, KCl, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>4</sub>Cl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>), discharge increased at concentrations ranging from 3.1 to 100‰. Discharge varied among the salts tested, peaking at 71% for 100‰ KCl; however, the phosphate salts K<sup>+ </sup>and Na<sup>+ </sup>did not differ in discharge ability. Comparison among KCl, KI, and KPO<sub>4 </sub>indicated that Cl<sup>- </sup>was significantly more effective at both 6.2‰ (45.6% discharge) and 12.5‰ (57.8%) than the other anions. The calcium chelators sodium citrate and EGTA did not induce any significant increase in discharge, nor did the neurochemicals angiotensin, bradykinin, and acetylcholine chloride. Compounds, such as N-acetyl neuraminic acid, proline, and glutathione, that have been reported as chemosensitizers for cnidae discharge among cnidarians, were ineffective discharge agents for triactinomyxon polar capsules. Mucus from rainbow trout or bovine submaxillary gland failed to significantly increase discharge. Attempts to combine mucus with force (stirring rod) or a 0.45 Gauss magnetic field did not increase discharge rates. However, using an electroporator to administer direct current, the discharge rate increased with pulse length (up to 99 µsec) and the number of pulses (0–25). Maximum discharge (98%) and mortality (100%) was observed after 25 99-µsec pulses of 3 kV. Results with electricity indicate a potential for using direct current as a means of disinfection. The data suggest some similarities and differences with similar research on Cnidaria that is discussed.
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Didillon, B., A. El Mansour, J. P. Candy, J. M. Basset, F. Le Peletier, and J. P. Boitiaux. "Surface Organometallic Chemistry on Metals: Role of A Surface Organometallic Fragment Sn(n-C4H9)x on the Selective Hydrogenation of Citral with a Rh/SiO2 Catalyst." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 2371–74. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(08)64302-5.
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Crouch, Dora P. "Urban Patterns in the Greek Period: Athens, Paestum, Morgantina, Miletus/Priene, and Pergamon as Formal Types." In Water Management in Ancient Greek Cities. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195072808.003.0013.
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In order to assess the impact of the delivery and drainage of water on the urban pattern in the ancient Greek world, it is necessary to have clear ideas of what forms their cities took. Thus a brief discussion of urban patterns will be useful. Traditional descriptions of ancient Greek cities characterize them by typical street patterns, usually two major types: the Hippodamean grid of Miletus of the fifth century, and the terraces like the blades of a fan found at Pergamon of the late third and second centuries, called “scenographic urbanism.” Yet a more careful examination of the evidence suggests that for different centuries B.C., there are many more urban types than two. Examples standing for both the repertory of physical patterns and the changes in those patterns over time that we may cite are: 1. 7th century B.C.—Akragas (frontispiece): irregular hill-top site of the archaic period 2. 6th century—Paestum (Fig. 5.IB): “bar and stripes” 3. 5th century—Athens (Fig. 5.1A): organic, focused on central acropolis and agora, similar to Akragas pattern 4. 5th century—Morgantina (Fig. 5.1C): typical West Greek pattern of two flat hills with residential quarters grid platted and lower agora between them 5. 4th and 3rd centuries—Priene (Fig. 51.D): based on prototype grid at Miletus (early 5th century—Fig. 22.4) and refinement of grid as used at Rhodes (mid to late 5th century—Fig. 8.3), an adaption of Hippodamean regularity to a small plateau 6. 3rd and 2nd centuries—Pergamon (Fig. 5.1E): scenographic urbanism, with wedge-shaped terraces It is difficult to classify urban plans solely by pattern or by century. This is because the changes did not go together in any simple fashion. Inspection of the street patterns of ancient Greek cities, and the relation of those patterns to the sites, allows them to be classified into five basic types, which for easy remembrance I name after representative cities of each type: 1. Athens-type. A general rule for cities of a[n ancient] culture states that “the capital city is unlike the others in form.” Athens, a seemingly formless, organic city, is quite unlike the well-regulated cities (many of them colonies) of the other types.
Conference papers on the topic "Citroe n"
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Talotte, Corinne, Yacine Addad, Dominique Laurence, Marc Jacob, He´le`ne Giardi, and Fabien Crouzet. "Comparison of Large Eddy Simulation and Experimental Results of the Flow Around a Forward-Backward Facing Step." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31337.
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SNCF (Socie´te´ Nationale des Chemins de Fer franc¸ais), PSA (Peugeot Citroe¨n), EDF (Electricite´ de France) and ECL (Ecole Centrale de Lyon) are involved in a common project whose issue is the potential evaluation of numerical simulation in aeroacoustics for transport applications. One of the methods chosen in the project consists in the calculation of the aeroacoustic source term through a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and its implementation into a code based on the Linearized Euler’s Equations for the acoustic propagation (LEE). This paper presents a comparison of LES and experimental results of the aerodynamic field around a forward-backward facing step and the principle of the chain-up of LES results and LEE calculations.
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STELLA, Eduardo Gaião, Natanaeli Caroline Carneiro FRANCO, Pedro Isaias CARNEIRO, Adriano Elias JEFREI, and Daiane Garabeli TROJAN. "N-Acetilcisteina como produto inovador no tratamento de doenças bacterianas em citros." In InovAção UNOPAR 2019. Recife, Brazil: Even3, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/17976.1-93.
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Declerck, P. J., M. C. Alessi, M. Verstreken, E. K. O. Kruithof, I. Juhan-Vague, and D. Collen. "MEASUREMENT OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 (PAI-1) IN PLASMA WITH AN ELISA BASED ON TWO MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644449.
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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitation of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was developed, based on two murine monoclonal antibodies (MA-7D4B7 and MA-7F5), raised against purified PAI-1 from HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells, which react with non-overlapping epitopes. MA-7D4B7 was coated on microtiter plates and bound PAI-1 antigen was quantitated with MA-7F5 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase.In normal plasma, collected on citrate at pH 7.4, the PAI-1 level is 27 ± 16 ng/ml (mean ± SD, n=ll), with a corresponding value of 19 ± 11 ng/ml (n=12) in plasma collected on acid citrate pH 4.5, which inhibits the release of PAI-1 from platelets. The lower limit of the assay in plasma is 2 ng/ml; the intra-assay, inter-assay and inter-dilution coefficients of variation are 5.2%, 8.0% and 7.1% respectively.This ELISA was used to measure PAI-1 levels in plasma (collected on citrate, pH 7.4) of non-pregnant women and of women at different stages of pregnancy. A progressive increase is observed : before: 20±9 ng/ml, n=7; first trimester: 25 ± 12 ng/ml, n=5; second trimester: 40 ± 25 ng/ml, n=ll; third trimester: 98 ± 46 ng/ml, n=13. A correlation coefficient of 0.70 is found between the duration of pregnancy and the PAI-1 level.Preliminary data indicate that the PAI-1 antigen level is increased in several disease states, including myocardial infarction and deep vein thrombosis.Thus, this newly developed ELISA allows a direct measurement of the fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activator in plasma. Application of this assay to plasma of non-pregnant and pregnant women substantiates previous results obtained with the use of functional assays. In order to quantitate PAI-1 antigen circulating in plasma, blood should be collected under conditions that prevent platelet stimulation.
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Khalvashi, N., G. Memarne, D. Baratashvili, N. Kedelidze, M. Gabaidze, and I. Gorjomeladze. "RESULTS OF MANDARIN PLANTATIONS MONITORINGDAMAGED BY FROST AND EVALUATION IN GEORGIA." In International Trends in Science and Technology. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/30032021/7477.
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n the paper isdiscussedthe results of mandarin plantations monitoring damaged by frost in winter. Despite thecenturies-old history of citrus production in Georgia, the danger of frost damageremains a major limiting factor for the spread of citrus. The monitoring revealed that although the temperature was quite critical for mandarin in February 2020 (-11-12°C, in some places -14°C), the frost damage to the plantations was not high, but was inhomogeneous. Observations revealed that the damage to mandarin plantations was due not only to the impact of low temperatures, but also to many other factors that had a significant impact on the degree of damage to the plantations. Based on the analysis ofmonitoring results and multi-year data, it was found that the risk of frost damage to the citrus in winter in Georgia due to global warming is significantly reduced comparedto previous years, but the incidence of autumn-spring frosts has increased which indicates the adaptation of the citrus crops to the climatic conditions of Georgia.
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Sutopo and Titistyas Gusti Aji. "Pengujian Pupuk Fertila terhadap Kadar N, P, K Daun dan Hasil Panen Jeruk Keprok (Citrus reticulata) Varietas Terigas di Inceptisol." In Seminar Nasional Semanis Tani Polije 2021. Politeknik Negeri Jember, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/agropross.2021.206.
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Pengujian pupuk Fertila (12-6-24 +2MgO+3CaO+14SO3+unsur mikro) bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk terhadap kadar N, P, K daun, kadar sari buah, kadar asam dan total padatan terlarut, serta efektivitas pupuk terhadap hasil buah jeruk keprok Terigas. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di IP2TP Kliran dan Laboratorium Ekofisiologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, pada Agustus 2017. Tanaman yang digunakan adalah keprok Terigas yang diokulasi pada batang bawah Japansche Citroen berusia 4 tahun, dengan produksi tahun sebelumnya adalah 20 kg/pohon. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pupuk), pupuk rekomendasi (0,60 kg Urea (45% N) + 0,50 kg SP36 (36% P2O5) + 0,10 kg KCl (60% K2O)/pohon), serta pupuk Fertila dengan dosis 1,50, 2,25, 3,00, dan 3,75 kg/pohon. Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pupuk Fertila pada Inceptisol dengan status N tanah rendah, P tersedia dan K dapat ditukar sedang, berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar N dan K daun jeruk. Fertila pada dosis tertinggi menghasilkan sari buah dengan total padatan terlarut lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pupuk rekomendasi, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata pada kandungan sari buah dan total asam tertitrasi. Kecuali dosis 1,5 kg/pohon (7,5% dari bobot panen sebelumnya), pupuk Fertila menghasilkan efektivitas hasil buah lebih dari 100% dan dosis pupuk optimum yang dianjurkan adalah 3 kg/pohon setahun.
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Wehmeier, A., and W. Schneider. "FACTORS AFFECTING PLATELET VOLUME ANALYSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643538.
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Parameters of platelet volume have become widely available with the introduction of automated platelet counters. However, variant sample processing and in vitro platelet activation have prevented standardization of platelet volume analysis. We investigated the influence of anticoagulation, storage, temperature, and the presence or absence of RBC on platelet volume. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and the mode of the distribution were calculated from the platelet volume distribution curve recorded with the impedance method and plotted in 27 classes between 1.2 and 22 fl. The effects of EDTA (.335%), citrate (.38%), citrate (.38%)/glutaraldehyde (.125%) and a cocktail containing citrate, forskolin, indomethacin and theophyllin were determined 10, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after blood collection. Tests were made at 4, 20° and 37°C in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)from 6 healthy subjects. Platelet volume was strongly dependent on the anticoagulant in a time-dependent manner. MPV was lowest with citrate/glutaraldehyde and highest with EDTA. The maximum difference was 30% at 60 min both in whole blood and PRP. However, this was true only at 4 and 20°C. At 37°C, there was a constant rise in MPV using citrate/glutaraldehyde exceeding volume changes seen with the other anticoagulants. Platelet volume was higher in whole blood as compared to PRP. The difference was dependent on the anticoagulant used and the incubation time (1.8 fl for EDTA and 1.35 fl for citrate/glutaraldehyde, at 60 min). To determine the influence of platelet loss due to PRP preparation on this effect, we determined platelet volume in parallel from whole blood, PRP and the platelet population separated from whole blood by a linear Percoll gradient (n=5, recovery 94%). MPV was 7.6 fl in whole blood, 5.4 fl in PRP and 6.8 fl from the gradient (anticoagulant: citrate/glutaraldehyde). Platelet volume parameters highly depend on anticoagulation, incubation time and temperature. For clinical studies we recommend anticoagulation with citrate/glutaraldehyde and measurement within 2 hr at room temperature in whole blood.
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Botler, Fábio, and Bruno L. Netto. "New Bounds on Roller Coaster Permutations." In Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2021.16378.
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A roller coaster is a permutation \pi that maximizes the sum $\t(\pi) = \sum_{\tau\in X(\pi)}\id(\tau)$, where \(X(\pi)\) denotes the set of subsequences of \(\pi\) with cardinality at least \(3\); and \(\id(\tau)\) denotes the number of maximal increasing or decreasing subsequences of contiguous numbers of \(\tau\). We denote by \(\t_{\max}(n)\) the value \(\t(\pi)\), where \(\pi\) is a roller coaster of \(\{1,\ldots,n\}\), for \(n\geq 3\). Precise values of \(\t_{\max}(n)\) for \(n\leq 13\) were presented in \cite{AhmedTanbir}. In this paper, we explore the problem of computing lower bounds for \(\t_{\max}(n)\). More specifically, we present a cubic algorithm to compute $\t(\pi)$ for any given permutation $\pi$; and an Integer Linear Programming model to obtain roller coasters. As a result, we improve known lower bounds found in the literature for $n \leq 40$.
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Declerck, P., P. Mombaerts, P. Holvoet, and D. Collen. "PLASMA LEVELS OF FRAGMENT D-DIMER OF CROSSLINKED FIBRIN DURING THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY WITH RECOMBINANT TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643652.
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Plasma levels of crosslinked fibrin degradation products (XLDP) were measured before and at the end of the administration of rt-PA (40 to 100 mg over 1.5 to 8 hours) in healthy volunteers (n=5) and patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) (n=8), pulmonary embolism (PE) (n=16)and myocardial infarction(MI)(n=10). Determinations were performed using our newly developed ELISA, specific for crosslinked fibrin derivatives, based on two monoclonal antibodies (15C5 and 8D3H2) raised against purified human fragment D-dimer. All plasma samples were collected on citrate and trasylol. Results are expressed as mean and range of D-dimer equivalents (μg/ml).Baseline levels in patients with MI are only slightly elevated. The increased levels inDVT and PE are in agreement with previous studies. After infusion of rt-PA a small increase of XLDP is seen even innormal subjects. A very marked increasof XLDP is detected in patients with PE and DVT but not in patients with MI. This may reflect differences in the amounts of fibrin clot dissolved in these patient groups.No significant correlation was found between the increase of XLDP and success of therapy, although a significant difference in D-dimer levels was formed between the two groups with PE: successful (n=ll): 116 (range 61-192) vs. unsuccessful (n=5): 68 (36-155).Thus, XLDP are already elevated under baseline conditions in patients with DVT and PE and increase very markedly during thrombolytic therapy. The absolute levels after thrombolytic therapy do not strictly correlate with success of therapy. It could be useful to measure D-dimer levels during early stages of therapy, because the rate of increase of XLDP levels might correlate with the efficacy of thrombolytic treatment.
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Seifried, E., D. C. Rijken, B. Hoeqee, P. TansiAiell, C. Kluft, and W. Nieuwenhuizen. "FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCTS (FbDP) IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS AFTER INFUSION OF RECOMBINANT TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR(rt-PA)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643654.
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During thrombolytic therapy of myocardial infarction (MI) with urokinase or streptokinase (SK), levels of fibrin(ogen) degradation products in serum are often dramatically elevated as a result of a combination of systemic fibrinogenolysis and local thrombolysis. Others have measured increased levels of D-dimer in serum of MI patients after SK therapy and postulated that thrombolysis could be monitored during SK therapy by measuring D-dimer levels. In the present study rt-PA was infused into healthy volunteers to analyse if elevated FbDP levels in MI patients really reflect coronary thrombolysis or could be due to a systemic effect. Over a period of 60 min., three groups (n = 6 each) were given i.v. 0.23 mg rt-PA/'kg (group I), 0.50 mg rt-PA/kg (group II) and a placebo infusion (group III), respectively. Two blood samples were taken from an anticubital vein in the arm contralateral to the site of infusion (one on citrate/ aprotinin, the other on citrate alone) at different time points. Using a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA), based on monoclonals and development by us, we measured FbDP in plasma (not serum). Before infusion all volunteers had FbDP levels ≪ 0.5µg/ml. Upon infusion FbDP levels in groups I and II increased to average values of 1.0 ± 0.4/µg/ml and 0.8 ± 0.2/µg/ml, respectively, for the samples taken in citrate/aprotinin. The values in citrate alone did not differ significantly, and were 1.1 ± 0.5/µg/ml and 0.8 ± 0.3/µg/ml for groups I and II, respectively. FbDP levels in group III remained ≪ 0.5/µg/ml. The results show that FbDP levels increase upon rt-PA infusion, even in healthy volunteers. This suggests lysis of systemic fibrin. We conclude that lysis of systemic fibrin limits the value of FbDP levels as a measure for coronary thrombolysis.
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Guo, Hong, and Patricia Iglesias. "Tribological Properties of Ammonium Protic Ionic Liquids As Additives in Polyalphaolefin for Steel-Steel Contact." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10645.
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Abstract Around 23% of the world’s energy consumption results from rubbing contacts, in which 20% is used to overcome friction and 3% is due to wear and the consequent failure. The implementation of lubricants and effective lubricant additives are indispensable to reduce friction and wear of rubbing materials. Protic Ionic Liquids (PILs), which are easily obtained by proton transfer from a Brønsted acid to a Brønsted base, have shown great potential to be used as lubricants due to their structures and tunable properties. In this study, two kinds of novel PILs, bis(2-hydroxyethylammonium) succinate (DSu) and tri-[bis(2-hydroxyethylammonium)] citrate (DCi), were synthesized and tested as lubricant additives. The tribological behavior of the two PILs is studied as additives in 1 wt. % to a base synthetic lubricant (PAO) for steel-steel contact under different temperatures (room temperature and 100°C) and normal loads (3 N and 4 N) using a ball-on-flat reciprocating tribometer. When 1 wt. % of any PILs is added into PAO, friction is reduced compared to that with neat PAO at all temperatures and loads studied, and good anti-wear performance is also obtained under the higher temperature studied. Particularly, 1 wt. % DCi +PAO shows the best high-temperature tribological behavior under 4N, with friction and wear reductions of 33% and 35%, respectively.
Reports on the topic "Citroe n"
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Szecsody, James E., Mark L. Rockhold, Martinus Oostrom, R. C. Moore, Carolyn A. Burns, Mark D. Williams, Lirong Zhong, et al. Sequestration of Sr-90 Subsurface Contamination in the Hanford 100-N Area by Surface Infiltration of a Ca-Citrate-Phosphate Solution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985589.
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