Journal articles: 'Citroe n'

1

Djokić, Stojan. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Citrate Complexes." Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications 2008 (2008): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/436458.

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Formation of silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions was investigated. Although, silver citrate is minimally soluble in water, it can successfully be dissolved in citric acid solutions. The maximum concentration of Ag(I) in solution is estimated at 23 to 25 g/L if the concentration of citric acid is at least 4 mol/L or higher. The dissolution of silver citrate in citric acid solutions was attributed to the formation of silver citrate complexes of a general formula[Ag3(C6H5O7)n+1]3n−. The silver citrate/citric acid solutions, containing more than about 13 g/LAg+ion, have exhibited a decrease in Ag(I) concentration in solution over time, due to crystallization. The crystallization product was attributed to the formation of[Ag3C6H5O7]x⋅nH2O. Importantly, the diluted silver citrate/citric acid complexed solutions have exhibited very strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities.

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Wang, Song, Lanlan Xu, Linlin Xu, Chengcheng Tian, and Yinyan Guan. "Optimization of Process Variables in the Synthesis of Tributyl Citrate Using a Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone-Supported Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Catalyst." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (July 15, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1953563.

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A polyvinylpolypyrrolidone- (PVPP-) supported Brønsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst ([BsPVPP]HSO4) was synthesized by the reaction between SO3H-functionalized PVPP and H2SO4. The prepared catalyst was characterized by IR, XRD, FESEM, TG, and DSC. The catalytic activity of [BsPVPP]HSO4 in the preparation of tributyl citrate (TBC) by the esterification reaction between citric acid and n-butanol was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process variables of the esterification reaction. The variables, including the reaction time, the n-butanol-to-citric acid mole ratio, the reaction temperature, and the catalyst amount, were optimized by a Box-Behnken design. Under optimized conditions, with a n-butanol-to-citric acid mole ratio of 5.2 : 1 and a reaction temperature of 120°C, the TBC yield reached 92.9% within 5.5 h in the presence of 6.6 wt% of catalyst; this result is in good agreement with the values predicted by the mathematical model. Moreover, the catalyst could be recycled four times with high catalytic activity.

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Barek, Jiří, Helena Kvapilová, Tibor Pastor, and Jiří Zima. "The coulometric titration of the derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene by generated trivalent titanium." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 55, no. 2 (1990): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19900391.

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Conditions for the coulometric generation of titanium(III) ions in buffer medium in the presence of sodium citrate were found on the basis of a study of the electrochemical behaviour of the Ti(III)/Ti(IV) system. A current efficiency of 100% was attained in acetic acid solution (c = 1 mol l-1) containing citric acid (c = 0.2 mol l-1) and titanium (IV) chloride (c = 0.1 mol l-1), with pH adjusted to 6 using sodium hydroxide, in the current density range 0.5 to 10 mA/cm2 using a mercury electrode and 1 to 2 mA/ cm2 using a paraffin-impregnated spectrographic carbon electrode. It was found that methanol does not affect the current efficiency at contents of up to 33% (v/v) and conditions were found for the coulometric titration of small amounts (0.2-2 mg) of some genotoxic derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene.

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Syntsya, A., J. Čpíková, M. Marounek, P. Mlčochová, L. Sihelková, P. Blafková, M. Tkadlecová, and J. Havlíček. " Preparation of N-alkylamides of highly methylated (HM) citrus pectin." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 21, No. 5 (November 18, 2011): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3494-cjfs.

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N-Alkylamides of highly methylated (HM) citrus pectin (DM = 73%) were prepared using heterogeneous amino-de-alkoxylation (aminolysis) with five selected n-alkylamines. The reaction was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 8°C (n-butylamine), 25°C (n-hexylamine), and 45°C (n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine and n-octadecylamine). All the derivatives were converted into acid forms by washing with acidic water-ethanol mixture. The products were analysed by organic elemental analysis, diffusion reflection FT-IR spectroscopy and by 13C CP/MAS NMR. Both FT-IR and NMR spectra indicate the presence of alkylamide substituents bound to pectin. The degrees of amidation (DA) of the derivatives and molar and mass reaction yields (Ymand Yn) were calculated based on the results of elemental analysis. The DA values of the N-alkylamides were 39–55% that corresponded to Ynof 54–75%.

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EL-Gharib MN, EL-Gharib MN, and Osman AM Osman AM. "Clomiphene Citrateplus N-Acetyl Cysteine, Chromium Picolinate Plus Clomiphene Citrate Versus Clomiphene Citrate Alone In Management Of Pcos." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/may2014/222.

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6

Sihelniková, L., A. Synytsya, and J. Čopíková. "Amino-dealkoxylation of hm citruc pectin with n-alkylamines: a kinetic study." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S235–2S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10669-cjfs.

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Pectins are plant polysaccharides that are widely used in food industry. Chemical modification of pectins influences their technological properties. Amidated pectins are important pectin derivatives with good gelling properties at low-sugar conditions. The common method of pectin amidation is ammonolysis of methyl ester groups of highly methoxylated (HM) pectins in heterogeneous reaction with ammonia in methanol. Aminodealkoxylation (aminolysis) of HM pectin with primary amines leads to the formation of N-alkylpectinamides. The reaction yield of aminolysis depends on reaction time, temperature and the pectin/alkylamine ratio. The reaction of HM citrus pectin (type XSS, Danisco) with five chosen n-alkylamines (n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine and n-octadecylamine) was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 20°C (n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine) and at 50°C (all the amines) for 1–9 days. Obtained results can be applied to prepare N-alkylpectinamides of predicted DA varying the reaction time at the same reaction conditions (temperature, pectin/alkylamine ratio).

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Lin, Ying, Hai Bo Yang, and Fen Wang. "Preparation and Morphological Controlling of Nanophase NaNbO₃ by Sol-Gel Method." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.140.

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With citric acid as chelating agent, ethylene alcohol as etherification agent and water as solvent, NaNbO3 nanopowder was synthesized by citrate sol-gel method. The effects of amount of CA and EG, pH value on the stability of the precursor sol were investigated. The evolution of NaNbO3 crystal phase was also investigated by XRD and TG-DTA. The results showed that a homogeneous precursor sol was formed at in the case of n(CA) : n(metal ion)=3:1, n(CA) : n(EG)=1: 2 and 1:3 and pH=7.5. Sintering process largely influences the morphology of the prepared products. Grain-like nanoparticles could be obtained with a rapid temperature rising rate, while nanorods were obtained with a slow rate. The forming mechanism of different morphologies of the prepared nanoparticles was also discussed.

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8

Ercan, Meral T., Tülin Aras, Erkan Ünlenen, Mustafa Ünlü, Işil S. Ünsal, and Zafer Hasçelik. "99mTc-citrate versus 67Ga-citrate for the scintigraphic visualization of inflammatory lesions." Nuclear Medicine and Biology 20, no. 7 (October 1993): 881–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(93)90155-n.

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9

KNITTEL, MARIE LAURENCE. "Détermination et modification dans les expressions N à N en français." Journal of French Language Studies 22, no. 2 (February 18, 2011): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269510000633.

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RESUMEDans cet article, nous nous intéressons aux compléments du nom indéterminés introduits par à (plante à fleurs, tasse à café), pour lesquels nous proposons une classification fondée sur les propriétés sémantiques du second nom (N2) et le type de relation qu'il entretient avec le premier (N1). Nous montrons que ces propriétés rendent compte du comportement syntaxique de N2 vis-à-vis de la détermination, des numéraux et de la modification. Nous comparons également les N2 indéterminés à ceux qui renvoient à des ingrédients (tarte au citron), et qui apparaissent nécessairement déterminés.

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10

Li, Gong, Fei Ke Wu, and Hui Juan Tong. "Synthesis, Characterization of Novel Hexamethyleneiminium-Based Ionic Liquids and their Application in Esterification." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.155.

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Three novel Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs), 1-(3-sulfopropyl) hexamethyleneiminium hydrogen sulfate ([HMIPS]HSO4), 1-(3-sulfopropyl) hexamethyleneiminium tosilate ([HMIPS]OTs) and 1-hexamethyleneiminium hydrogen sulfate([HMI]HSO4), were synthesized and characterized by1H NMR, FT-IR and DSC-TG. Their catalytic activities for the esterification of citric acid with n-butanol were examined and compared with the imidazolium-based ILs. The results showed that the hexamethyleneiminium-based ILs exhibits excellent catalytic activity. By using [HMIPS]HSO4as the catalyst, the yield of tributyl citrate reached 97.5%. Furthermore, the catalysts were reused at least 10 times without significant decrease in activity

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11

Ortega, Alfredo, Arturo Vázquez, Rubén Gaviño, and Emma Maldonado. "An elemandiolide from Zinnia citrea." Phytochemistry 39, no. 6 (August 1995): 1479–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00122-n.

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12

Xu, Qiao, Xiaojuan Wang, and Caixian Tang. "Rhizosphere priming of two near-isogenic wheat lines varying in citrate efflux under different levels of phosphorus supply." Annals of Botany 124, no. 6 (June 18, 2019): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz082.

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Abstract Backgrounds and Aims The rhizosphere priming effect (RPE) has been explained from the perspective of microbial responses to root exudates and nutrient availability. This study introduced a chemical process that could also contribute to RPE: root exudates (organic acid ligands) could liberate mineral-protected carbon (C) in soil for microbial degradation. Methods Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) near-isogenic lines varying in citrate efflux were grown for 6 weeks in a C4 soil supplied with either low (10 μg g–1) or high P (40 μg g–1). Total below-ground CO2 was trapped and partitioned for determination of soil organic C decomposition and RPE using a stable isotopic tracing technique. Mineral dissolution was examined by incubating soil with citric ligand at a series of concentrations. Key Results High P increased RPE (81 %), shoot (32 %) and root biomass (57 %), root-derived CO2-C (20 %), microbial biomass C (28 %) and N (100%), soil respiration (20 %) and concentrations of water-extractable P (30 %), Fe (43 %) and Al (190 %), but decreased inorganic N in the rhizosphere. Compared with Egret-Burke, wheat line Egret-Burke TaMATE1B with citrate efflux had lower inorganic N, microbial biomass C (16 %) and N (30 %) in the rhizosphere but greater RPE (18 %), shoot biomass (12 %) and root-derived CO2-C (low P 36 %, high P 13 %). Egret-Burke TaMATE1B also had higher concentrations of water-extractable P, Fe and Al in the rhizosphere, indicating the release of mineral-protected C. In addition, citrate ligand facilitated Fe and Al release from soil, with their concentrations rising with increasing ligand concentration and incubation time. Conclusions While high P supply increased microbial growth and RPE possibly due to higher total root exudation, citrate efflux from the root might have facilitated the liberation of mineral-bound C, leading to the higher RPE under Egret-Burke TaMATE1B. Mineral dissolution may be an important process that regulates RPE and should be considered in future RPE research.

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13

Panchal, Ashish R., Blandine Comte, Hazel Huang, Basil Dudar, Bridgette Roth, Margaret Chandler, Christine Des Rosiers, Henri Brunengraber, and William C. Stanley. "Acute hibernation decreases myocardial pyruvate carboxylation and citrate release." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 281, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): H1613—H1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.4.h1613.

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In the well-perfused heart, pyruvate carboxylation accounts for 3–6% of the citric acid cycle (CAC) flux, and CAC carbon is lost via citrate release. We investigated the effects of an acute reduction in coronary flow on these processes and on the tissue content of CAC intermediates. Measurements were made in an open-chest anesthetized swine model. Left anterior descending coronary artery blood flow was controlled by a extracorporeal perfusion circuit, and flow was decreased by 40% for 80 min to induce myocardial hibernation ( n = 8). An intracoronary infusion of [U-13C3]lactate and [U-13C3]pyruvate was given to measure the entry of pyruvate into the CAC through pyruvate carboxylation from the13C-labeled isotopomers of CAC intermediates. Compared with normal coronary flow, myocardial hibernation resulted in parallel decreases of 65% and 79% in pyruvate carboxylation and net citrate release by the myocardium, respectively, and maintenance of the CAC intermediate content. Elevation of the arterial pyruvate concentration by 1 mM had no effect. Thus a 40% decrease in coronary blood flow resulted in a concomitant decrease in pyruvate carboxylation and citrate release as well as maintenance of the CAC intermediates.

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14

Stokwe, Nomakholwa F., Antoinette P. Malan, Khuong B. Nguyen, Rinus Knoetze, and Louwrens Tiedt. "Steinernema citrae n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa." Nematology 13, no. 5 (2011): 569–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138855410x535714.

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Abstract During a survey for entomopathogenic nematodes in citrus orchards throughout South Africa, a new species of Steinernema was isolated from a citrus orchard on Rietkloof farm, near the town of Piketberg in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The nematode was isolated from soil using the Galleria-baiting technique. Steinernema citrae n. sp. is characterised by the following morphological characters: third-stage infective juvenile with a body length of 754 (623-849) μm, distance from head to excretory pore of 56 (49-64) μm, tail length of 71 (63-81) μm, and ratio E value of 110 (85-132). The lateral pattern for the new species is 2, 7, 8, 6, 4, 2 and is not typical for the genus. Steinernema citrae n. sp. is closely related the feltiae-group. The body length of the IJ is close to that of S. texanum and S. weiseri, though it differs in body diam., the length of the pharynx and E%. The male of S. citrae n. sp. differs from S. feltiae in the length and shape of the spicule and body diam. Steinernema citrae n. sp. differs from all species in the feltiae-group in the morphology of the vulva, as it has a single flapped, low, epiptygma. It also differs from the most closely related species, S. feltiae, as there is no interbreeding between the two species. In addition, the new nematode differs from other species of the feltiae-group by characteristics of the ITS and D2D3 regions of its rDNA.

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15

Prakash, Shet M., S. Naveen, N. K. Lokanath, P. A. Suchetan, and Ismail Warad. "Crystal structures of 2-aminopyridine citric acid salts: C5H7N2 +·C6H7O7 − and 3C5H7N2 +·C6H5O7 3−." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 8 (July 17, 2018): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018009787.

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2-Aminopyridine and citric acid mixed in 1:1 and 3:1 ratios in ethanol yielded crystals of two 2-aminopyridinium citrate salts, viz. C5H7N2 +·C6H7O7 − (I) (systematic name: 2-aminopyridin-1-ium 3-carboxy-2-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxypropanoate), and 3C5H7N2 +·C6H5O7 3− (II) [systematic name: tris(2-aminopyridin-1-ium) 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate]. The supramolecular synthons present are analysed and their effect upon the crystal packing is presented in the context of crystal engineering. Salt I is formed by the protonation of the pyridine N atom and deprotonation of the central carboxylic group of citric acid, while in II all three carboxylic groups of the acid are deprotonated and the charges are compensated for by three 2-aminopyridinium cations. In both structures, a complex supramolecular three-dimensional architecture is formed. In I, the supramolecular aggregation results from Namino—H...Oacid, Oacid...H—Oacid, Oalcohol—H...Oacid, Namino—H...Oalcohol, Npy—H...Oalcohol and Car—H...Oacid interactions. The molecular conformation of the citrate ion (CA3−) in II is stabilized by an intramolecular Oalcohol—H...Oacid hydrogen bond that encloses an S(6) ring motif. The complex three-dimensional structure of II features Namino—H...Oacid, Npy—H...Oacid and several Car—H...Oacid hydrogen bonds. In the crystal of I, the common charge-assisted 2-aminopyridinium–carboxylate heterosynthon exhibited in many 2-aminopyridinium carboxylates is not observed, instead chains of N—H...O hydrogen bonds and hetero O—H...O dimers are formed. In the crystal of II, the 2-aminopyridinium–carboxylate heterosynthon is sustained, while hetero O—H...O dimers are not observed. The crystal structures of both salts display a variety of hydrogen bonds as almost all of the hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors present are involved in hydrogen bonding.

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Stephenson, David, and Nadia Singh. "14 N NQR spectrum of sildenafil citrate." Hyperfine Interactions 231, no. 1-3 (October 30, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10751-014-1077-9.

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17

Šeruga, M., and M. Metikoš-Huković. "Passivation of tin in citrate buffer solutions." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 334, no. 1-2 (September 1992): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(92)80574-n.

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18

Guedes, Jerson Vanderlei Carús, José Roberto Postali Parra, and Rubens Alex Fiorin. "Aspectos biológicos da fase adulta dos curculionídeos-das-raízes dos citros." Ciência Rural 37, no. 2 (April 2007): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782007000200002.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar alguns parâmetros biológicos da fase adulta de duas espécies de curculionídeos-das-raízes dos citros. Os insetos foram coletados em citros em Itapetininga, SP, levados ao Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos da ESALQ/USP, em Piracicaba, SP, onde foram mantidas as espécies Naupactus cervinus Boheman e Naupactus versatilis Hustache. Foi avaliada a longevidade, o tempo de alimentação, o período de pré-oviposição, a oviposição, o número de posturas e de ovos, além do consumo de folhas de citros. As espécies de curculionídeos-das-raízes dos citros apresentaram diferenças nas características biológicas e no potencial de danificar os citros. N. versatilis é potencialmente mais prejudicial aos citros, pois coloca um número maior de ovos (214,6 x 120,9 ovos), apresenta maior longevidade (30,9 x 25,2 dias) e consome maior área foliar (31,0 x 15,0cm²).

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19

Meshram, Pratima, Uday Prakash, Lalit Bhagat, Abhilash, Hongbo Zhao, and Eric D. van Hullebusch. "Processing of Waste Copper Converter Slag Using Organic Acids for Extraction of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt." Minerals 10, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10030290.

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An innovative, economical, and environmentally sound hydrometallurgical process has been proposed for recovering Cu, Ni, and Co from copper-rich converter slag by organic acids. In the leaching experiments, the effects of organic acid concentrations, pulp density, temperature, and time were investigated. Optimum recovery of 99.1% Cu, 89.2% Ni, 94% Co, and 99.2% Fe was achieved in 9–10 h at 308 K (35 °C) temperature and 15% pulp density with 2 N citric acid using <45 µm particles. Pourbaix diagrams of metal-water-citrate systems were supplemented to examine solubility of ligands at the desired conditions. Furthermore, the leaching mechanism was based on the SEM-EDS (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) and XRD characterization as well as the leaching results obtained.

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Pilipenko, A., I. Fesych, S. Nedilko, and A. Dzyazko. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOL-GEL PROCESS IN THE SYSTEM YxBax+nCu2x+nOδ (x = 1, n=1, x=2, n=3, x=3, n=2)." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Chemistry, no. 2(54) (2017): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2209.2017.2(54).3.

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With the help of sol-gel technology was obtained superconducting compound number YxBax+nCu2x+nOδ (x=1, n=1; x=2, n=3; x=3, n=2) with submicron size particles. As a gel maker in these systems was used citric acid monohydrate. An extensive scheme fusion technology was shown. The process described synthesis using thermal, infrared spectroscopic analysis and scanning electron microscopy. There are some aggregations of microparticles mostly for the phases that are synthesized at higher temperatures. Due to Thermal Analysis of modes were optimized heat treatment samples. According to IR spectroscopy were controlled processes of decomposition of the charge and the formation of the superconducting phase. It was grounded the choice of analysis methods for the starting compounds and the present calculation algorithm for this synthesis. Studies have shown that even at the beginning of the synthesis batch contained no impurity compound allowing argued that the sol-gel synthesis is a promising method that provides high homogeneity of the material the early stages of the synthesis and enables lower temperature and a subsequent heat treatment. The results of electron microscopy showed that due to the relatively low temperature of synthesis occurs the formation of submicron sized particles, while solid-phase techniques facilitate rapid crystal growth due to the formation of liquid phases at high temperature. The principles and ideas described in this paper can be adapted to more complex oxide systems. Thus, in this paper describes how you can achieve chemical homogeneity at the molecular level in multicomponent systems YxBax+nCu2x+nOδ (x=1, n=1; x=2, n=3; x=3, n=2) using sol-gel technology.

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Sukhoveeva, O. V., T. N. Popova, A. V. Makeeva, and I. Yu Iskusnykh. "The influence of n-[imino(1-piperidinyl)methyl]guanidine and n-[imino(4-morpholinyl)methyl]guanidine on citrate content,aconitase and citrate synthase activities at ischemia-reperfusionof rats brain." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 5 (2011): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115705519.

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The influence of some guanidine derivatives on the level of brain citrate, brain activities of aconitase and citrate synthase has been investigated in rats subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Administration of N-[imino(1-piperidinyl)methyl]guanidine and N-[imino(4-morpholinyl)methyl]guanidine resulted in changes of specific activities of aconitase and citrate synthase towards control values. Under these conditions the citrate level considerably decreased versus rats with untreated ishemia-reperfusion. Treatment with these compounds also decreased the degree of DNA fragmentation markedly increased in rats with ischemia-reperfusion.

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Elnour, Montasir. "Selected Sudanese Medicinal Plants Induce Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects in Cervical Cancer Cell Line." Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics 2, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2640-1053/031.

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Modern pharmacology, however, relies on refined chemicals - either obtained from plants, or synthesized. This work investigated the anticancer, antioxidant and Cytotoxicity activities of N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves commonly used as anti-inflammatory and Ant diabetic. All the plant parts were extracted using 80% methanol, the anticancer activity was examined by using MTT assay against Hela (Cervical Cancer) Cell Line. And determine their antioxidant activities by testing DPPH cytotoxicity using - (4, 5-Dimethyl thiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), filter and kept in dark, prepared freshly. The examined plants methanolic extracts of P. juliflora leaves is high activity against Hela (Cervical Cancer) Cell Line IC50 is 56.02 µg/ml. The extract C N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate has shown none active anti- Hela (Cervical Cancer) IC50 values 100, and > 100 μg/ml respectively. All the extracts revealed cytotoxicity activity not toxic in N. lotus leaves citrate, N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves the inhibition percentage with (90.81, 89.33074 , 86.47866 ) (73.17427 , 71.93975 , 60.17069 ) (74.93001, 73.78714 , 71.13981 ) respectively. The following plant parts showed highly potent scavenging activity against DPPH (above 80%); N. lotus leaves citrate, 88.78, While the following revealed a good activity against DPPH (between 60-79); N. lotus leaves not citrate, P. juliflora leaves with inhibition % are 77and 62.96 respectively.

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Munakata, Koki, Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita, Masahiro Rikukawa, and Toyonobu Usuki. "Improved Extraction Yield of Citral from Lemon Myrtle Using a Cellulose-Dissolving Ionic Liquid." Australian Journal of Chemistry 70, no. 6 (2017): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16460.

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Lemon myrtle is the richest natural source of citral, which has potential medicinal applications. In this study, citral was extracted from lemon myrtle using cellulose-dissolving ionic liquids (ILs), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylphosphonate ([C2mim][(MeO)(H)PO2]), N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium chloride ([DEME]Cl), and N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium 2-methoxyacetate ([DEME][MOAc]). The extraction yield of citral obtained using ILs was up to 2.1 times higher than that obtained using ethanol. The ILs could be recycled and reused nine times for the extraction of citral. The present method provides a greener process when compared with conventional approaches and may be applicable for the extraction of other natural products.

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YANG, Chun-Xue, Wei-Guo ZHU, Song JIANG, Xin-Jian LI, and Da-Peng ZOU. "Interaction of Cucurbit[n]uril(n＝7,8) with Sildenafil Citrate Using1H NMR." CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (CHINESE VERSION) 40, no. 3 (2012): 478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1096.2012.10834.

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Tanner, G. A. "Potassium citrate/citric acid intake improves renal function in rats with polycystic kidney disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 9, no. 7 (July 1998): 1242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v971242.

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Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) has been shown to be exacerbated by acidosis or a low potassium intake, and there is evidence that administration of alkali might have a beneficial effect. This study determined whether ingestion of potassium citrate and citric acid would ameliorate PKD. Healthy normal and heterozygous littermate Han:SPRD rats with autosomal dominant PKD were provided with either tap water or 55 mM K3citrate/67 mM citric acid solution (KCitr) to drink starting at the age of 1 mo. Renal clearance measurements and histologic assessments were performed when the rats were 3 mo old. KCitr intake did not affect body weight or urine flow, but completely prevented the decline in GFR found in untreated rats with PKD. In rats that drank tap water, left kidney GFR averaged (in microliter/min per 100 g body wt) 503 +/- 78 (n = 9) in normal animals and 242 +/- 56 (n = 6) in rats with PKD. In rats that drank KCitr, GFR averaged 562 +/- 123 (n = 7) in normal animals and 534 +/- 103 (n = 7) in rats with PKD. Kidneys of rats with PKD were approximately double normal size. KCitr treatment did not affect kidney size, but led to fewer interstitial abnormalities and smaller cysts in cystic kidneys. KCitr ingestion led to a significantly lower (P < 0.001) plasma [K+] in rats with PKD (3.3 +/- 0.2 versus 4.1 +/- 0.2 mEq/L in rats on tap water). Chronic KCitr intake in the young heterozygous Han:SPRD rat with PKD yields a modest improvement of kidney histology and a dramatic improvement in GFR. The mechanism of action of KCitr and the long-term effects of this treatment on renal structure and function in PKD deserve further study.

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Sankaranarayanan, V. K., Q. A. Pankhurst, D. P. E. Dickson, and C. E. Johnson. "Ultrafine particles of barium ferrite from a citrate precursor." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 120, no. 1-3 (March 1993): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(93)91290-n.

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Costell, E., M. Peyrolón, and L. Durán. "Note. Influence of texture and type of hydrocolloid on perception of basic tastes in carrageenan and gellan gels Nota. Influencia de la textura y del tipo de hidrocoloide en la percepción de los gustos fundamentales en geles de carragenato y de gelana." Food Science and Technology International 6, no. 6 (December 2000): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201320000600608.

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Preliminary work was carried out on the effect of texture, as represented by gel strength, between around 5 and 20 N of compression maximum force, of both carrageenan and gellan gels on the per ception of the four basic tastes. These were produced by addition of 15% (w/w) sucrose, 0.06%(w/w) caffeine, 0.5% (w/w) sodium chloride, or a mixture of 0.15% (w/w) citric acid and 0.2% (w/w) so dium citrate. Low strength (5-8 N) carrageenan gels were sweeter, more salty and more sour than both medium (11-15 N) and high (18-24 N) strength ones. Differences in bitterness were shown only between low and high texture carrageenan gels. The same differences in sweetness caused by texture were found between low and both medium and high strength gellan samples. Differences in saltiness and sourness were only detected between gellan gels of extreme gel strengths, in favor of the weakest gels. No difference in bitterness was found for any of the pairs of gellan samples. On comparing taste intensity between the two hydrocolloid gels at different strength levels, it was found that both me dium and high strength gellan gels were sweeter and more salty than the corresponding carrageenan gels, confirming the reported flavor-releasing properties of gellan.

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Syamani, Firda Aulya, and Sasa Sofyan Munawar. "Eco-friendly Board from Oil Palm Frond and Citric Acid." Wood Research Journal 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2013.4.2.72-75.

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The utilization of oil palm fronds as composite board raw material has developed due to the declining wood supply. Currently, citric acid is used as natural adhesive on the wood-based moldings to reduce the use formaldehyde-based resin. Citric acid has carboxylic acid functional group that can react with hydroxyl functional group from cellulose by esterification reaction. This paper explain the production of board from oil palm frond and citric acid, then elaborate their physical and mechanical properties. Oil palm fronds were processed with ring flaker to produce particles with 1 ~ 5 cm length. The particles were dried until the moisture content reached 6%. Citric acid solution was obtained by stirring 700 g citric acid in 1000 ml water. Citric acid solution were sprayed onto particles. The weight of citric acid were 10%, 15% and 20% based on oil palm fronds’ dry weight. Boards were produced with density target of 0.6 g/cm3 and pressure at 1N/mm2 for 10 min. The hot pressing temperatures were varied at 140ºC, 160ºC, 180ºC, and 200ºC. Physical and mechanical test were performed according to JIS A 5908-2003. The MOR, MOE, IB and SW values of boards with 15 wt% citric acid content and pressed at 200oC were 5.85 N/mm2, 1067.03 N/mm2, 0.26 N/mm2 and 88.80 N respectively. The optimum condition for board production obtained upon citric acid content and pressing temperature in a range of 15% ~ 20% and 180ºC ~ 200ºC, respectively.

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Ondrušíková, Sylvie, Šárka Nedomová, Alžbeta Jarošová, and Vojtěch Kumbár. "Qualitative parameters of protein gels from albumen base." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1049.

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The aim of this research was to monitor strength of egg albumen gels depending on addition additives - salt, sugar, corn syrup, citric acid, citric acid in combination with sugar, whey protein and apple fiber. The egg albumen gel was prepared under two temperature limits at 70 and 90 °C. The highest strengths of egg albumen gel were achieved at 90 °C in the albumen gel with the addition of 1% citric acid and 3.5% sugar with a strength of 7.38 N, with the lowest strength of 1.61 N being achieved with the albumen gel with 0.1% salt. For an egg albumen gel prepared at 70 °C, the strength ranged from 1.34 N (0.1% salt) to 6.63 N (1% citric acid + 3.5% sugar). On average, the pH of egg albumen gels ranged from 4.67 (1% citric acid + 3.5% sugar) to 9.05 (0.1% salt). For the strength of egg albumen gel and pH with additives of various additives at a given concentration, a statistically significant difference was found.

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Liu, Lijuan, Qifeng Wei, Yong Zhou, and Xiulian Ren. "Using dialkyl amide via forming hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents to separate citric acid from fermentation broth." Green Chemistry 22, no. 8 (2020): 2526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc04401a.

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The separation of citric acids was realized by utilizing hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which were formed by using N,N-dibutylacetamide as a hydrogen acceptor and citric acid as the hydrogen bond.

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Li, James J., Haixia Wang, Joseph A. Tino, Jeffrey A. Robl, Timothy F. Herpin, R. Michael Lawrence, Scott Biller, et al. "2-Hydroxy-N-arylbenzenesulfonamides as ATP-citrate lyase inhibitors." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 17, no. 11 (June 2007): 3208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.03.017.

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Bell, J. D., R. W. Evans, W. Kiang, G. Kubal, S. Radulovic, P. J. Sadler, and G. Williams. "Aluminium speciation: NMR studies of blood plasma, transferrin and citrate complexes." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 43, no. 2-3 (August 1991): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-0134(91)84467-n.

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Schantz, P. G., and M. Kallman. "NADH shuttle enzymes and cytochrome b5 reductase in human skeletal muscle: effect of strength training." Journal of Applied Physiology 67, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.67.1.123.

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The main aim of this study was to investigate whether enzyme levels of the malate-aspartate and alpha-glycerophosphate shuttles and of cytochrome b5 reductase in human skeletal muscle are affected by strength training. Muscle biopsy samples from the deltoid muscle of the nondominant arm in untrained (n = 12) and strength-trained (n = 12) subjects were compared. The strength-trained muscles were characterized by a tendency to a higher percentage of type I fibers (67 vs. 59%), a lower percentage of type IIb fibers (12 vs. 18%), 34% larger mean fiber areas, and 19% more capillaries per fiber (P less than 0.1). No difference was noted in levels of enzymes representing the citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and glycolysis, nor in the number of capillaries per square millimeter. Neither did the levels of malate-aspartate and alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle enzymes nor cytochrome b5 reductase differ. Levels of cytochrome b5 reductase correlated (r = 0.59, P less than 0.01) with levels of the mitochondrial marker enzyme citrate synthase. It is concluded that strength training does not appear to result in increased levels of NADH shuttle enzymes and cytochrome b5 reductase.

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Chun, Ji-Yeon, Yeon-Ji Jo, Kyeong-Hun Jung, Mi-Jung Choi, Sang-Gi Min, and Geun-Pyo Hong. "Physicochemical Properties of Chilled Abalone as Influenced by Washing Pretreatment in Citric Acid Combined with High Pressure Processing." International Journal of Food Engineering 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijfe-2014-0120.

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Abstract Citric acid pretreatment (2% and 4% citric acid) and high pressure processing (200–400 MPa for 3 min) were conducted to elucidate quality characteristics and shelf life of abalone during chilled storage. Physicochemical properties, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and total viable count (TVC) were used as indicators of quality and the shelf life of abalone. Citric acid pretreatment caused a decrease in pH and lightness, and 4% citric acid pretreatment exhibited a positive effect on TVB-N and TVC. Pressurization suppressed the formation of TVB-N and the growth of TVC in abalone. However, excessive modification in physicochemical properties of abalone resulted from processing at a pressure higher than 300 MPa. To achieve microbial inactivation without severe modification in abalone quality, citric acid pretreatment with high pressure processing offered a potential advantage in maintaining characteristics of chilled abalone during prolonged storage period.

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Kaur, Manpreet, Jerry P. Jasinski, Amanda C. Keeley, H. S. Yathirajan, and B. P. Siddaraju. "Orphenadrinium dihydrogen citrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 69, no. 2 (January 19, 2013): o248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536813001207.

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In the title salt, C18H24NO+·C6H7O7−, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the cation is 74.2 (5)°. In the crystal, anion–anion O—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak O—H...O interactions form infinite chains along [100]. Between these chains, cation–anion N—H—O hydrogen bonds are observed, forming an alternate pattern of cation and anion layers and leading to a two-dimensional network parallel to (100).

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DECARLOS NETO, ANTÔNIO, DALMO LOPES DE SIQUEIRA, PAULO ROBERTO GOMES PEREIRA, and VICTOR HUGO ALVAREZ V. "Crescimento de porta-enxertos de citros em tubetes influenciados por doses de N." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 24, no. 1 (April 2002): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452002000100043.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de doses de N (0; 400; 800; 1.600; 3.200 e 4.800 mg/dm³ de N no substrato) sobre o crescimento de porta-enxertos de citros cultivados em tubetes. Os porta-enxertos limoeiros-'Cravo' e 'Volkameriano' mostraram maior crescimento, sendo que as tangerineiras-'Cleópatra' e 'Sunki' apresentaram crescimento intermediário, e o híbrido 'Tangelo-Orlando' exibiu crescimento inferior. A adição de doses crescentes de N, utilizando-se do fertilizante uréia em cobertura, promoveu acréscimos nos teores de N-total na matéria seca da parte aérea destes porta-enxertos e aumento no crescimento dos porta-enxertos. Aos 120 dias após a semeadura, o limoeiro-'Cravo' apresentou altura máxima de 13,3 cm quando adubado com 1.240 mg/dm³ de N no substrato, sendo que o limoeiro-'Volkameriano' apresentou altura máxima de 12,3 cm adubado com 1.417 mg/dm³ de N no substrato. A tangerineira-'Cleópatra' apresentou altura máxima estimada de 12,0 cm quando adubada com 1.170 mg/dm³ de N no substrato, sendo que a tangerineira-'Sunki' apresentou altura de 10,1 cm adubada com 1.145 mg/dm³ de N no substrato, aos 120 dias após a semeadura. O híbrido 'Tangelo-Orlando' exibiu altura máxima de 9,1cm quando foi aplicada a dose de 1.117 mg/dm³ de N no substrato, aos 120 dias após a semeadura.

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Schierbaum, Burkhard, and Herbert Vogel. "Isolierung von Carbonsäuren aus wäßrigen Lösungen mit dem Extraktionsmittelsystem N,N-Dialkylcarbonsäureamid/Tri-n-alkylamin." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 70, no. 11 (November 1998): 1420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330701113.

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Morris, G. S., P. V. Fiore, R. L. Hamlin, and W. M. Sherman. "Effects of long-term cocaine administration and exercise on cardiac metabolism and isomyosin expression." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-001.

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Although chronic cocaine use is cardiotoxic, its use remains problematic in athletics. Hence adaptive changes induced in the heart by superimposing chronic cocaine use on an exercise training are of interest but remain poorly understood. Therefore this study investigated the effects of cocaine treatment combined with exercise training on the metabolic and contractile properties of the heart. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were assigned to one of four groups: normal sedentary (NS, n = 6), cocaine sedentary (CS, n = 6), normal trained (NT, n = 6), and cocaine trained (CT, n = 6). Trained animals were sprint trained 4 times/week. CS and CT animals received cocaine (25 mg/kg, ip) 6 times/week, 15 min before each exercise bout and 2 additional times per week. After 12 weeks, all animals were sacrificed, and the hearts were removed and analyzed for citrate synthase activity, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity, Ca2+-activated myofibrillar ATPase activity, and myosin isoform distribution. None of the groups demonstrated altered cardiac metabolic properties, but cocaine alone and in conjunction with exercise reduced myofibrillar ATPase activity (p < 0.05) and increased expression of the low ATPase myosin isoform, V3. These data suggest that the potential of the citric acid cycle and β-oxidation is not sensitive to chronic cocaine treatment, but the distribution of cardiac myosin among its three isoforms is affected. Furthermore, high-intensity treadmill training does not interact with cocaine to further alter these properties.Key words: cocaine, exercise, cardiac metabolism, myosin.

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Hönicke, Dieter, Karl Griesbaum, Rolf Augenstein, and Yuanyi Yang. "Heterogen katalysierte Selektivoxidation von n-Pentenen und n-Pentan." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 59, no. 3 (March 1987): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330590311.

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Ibrayev, N. Kh. "SPECTRAL AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF CARBON QUANTUM DOTS FUNCTIONALIZED WITH N- AND S-CONTAINING GROUPS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 18, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021no2/12-17.

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In the presented work, carbon quantum dots were obtained by microwave synthesis based on citric acid and Lcysteine. The resulting particles were characterized by electron and probe microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectral and luminescent properties were investigated for the initial solution of carbon quantum dots, as well as solutions obtained as a result of dialysis of the synthesized product. It is shown that all samples exhibit the same optical properties. At the same time, the measurement of quantum yields showed that carbon dots that have passed through the dialysis membrane have the best fluorescent ability.

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41

Cheng, Guo Yuan, Xing Hua Fu, Xin Jin, Wen Hong Tao, and Yu Qin Qiang. "Preparation Process of KNN-0.008BF Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.7.

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In this paper, the sol-gel method was used to systematic study of the preparation conditions and sintering conditions about KNN-0.008BF powders. At the same time, microstructure and electrical properties of ceramics were studied and analyzed. In this experiment, citric acid(CA) as metal chelator, ethylene glycol(EG) as esterification and chelating agents. Through a large number of experiments, n(citric acid):n(ethylene glycol)=2:1, n(citric acid):n(Nb5+)=1.5:1 is the best equipped ratio. This ratio can obtained pale yellow transparent solution. Under the experiments condition, PH of the precursor solution and the sintering temperature of powders have great influence on experimental. Experiments confirmed that PH=5-6 and temperature=1100°C is the best preparation condition, in which condition piezoelectric ceramics can obtained excellent structures and piezoelectric properties.

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Leite, Fabio Renato Manzolli, José Eduardo Cezar Sampaio, Lucas Amaral Fontanari, Eduardo de Paula Ishi, Daniela Leal Zandim, Andrea Abi Rached Dantas, and Ricardo Samih Georges Abi Rached. "Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 3 (2012): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1147.

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ABSTRACT Aim Root conditioning is aimed at smear layer removal and at dental matrix collagen exposure, which may promote periodontal regeneration. This in vitro study assessed smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and the influence of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) application on adhesion of blood cells to the root surface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods Scaled root samples (n = 160) were set in five groups and conditioned with: group I – control group (saline solution); group II (EDTA 24%); group III (citric acid 25%); group IV (tetracycline hydrochloride 50 mg/ml); group V (sodium citrate 30%). Eighty samples were assessed using the root surface modification index (RSMI). The other eighty samples were set in two groups. The first group (n = 40) received PRP gel application with a soft brush and the second group (n = 40) received PRP application and then a blood drop. The fibrin clot formation was assessed in the first group and the blood cells adhesion was assessed in the second group using the BEAI (blood elements adhesion index). A previously trained, calibrated, and blind examiner evaluated photomicrographs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis's and Dunn's tests. Results Group III attained the best results for RSMI and BEAI. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation. Conclusion Citric acid was the most efficient conditioner for smear layer removal, collagen fiber exposure and blood cell adhesion. Moreover, it was the only group showing fibrin clot formation after PRP application. Clinical significance This study demonstrated that root conditioning followed by PRP application may favor blood cell adhesion on root surface which may optimize periodontal healing. How to cite this article Dantas AAR, Fontanari LA, Ishi EP, Leite FRM, Zandim DL, Abi Rached RSG, Sampaio JEC. Blood Cells Attachment after Root Conditioning and PRP Application: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):332-338.

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Bernardi, Alberto Carlos de Campos, Quirino Augusto de Camargo Carmello, and Sérgio Alves de Carvalho. "Macronutrientes em mudas de citros cultivadas em vasos em resposta à adubação NPK." Scientia Agricola 57, no. 4 (December 2000): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162000000400026.

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Mudas de laranjeira 'Valência' (Citrus sinensis) sobre o porta-enxerto de limoeiro 'Cravo' (C. limonia) foram cultivadas em vasos com substrato de casca de Pinus, vermiculita e perlita com o objetivo de avaliar-se os efeitos do fornecimento de N, P e K sobre os teores de macronutrientes do porta-enxerto e das mudas. Utilizou-se um esquema de fatorial fracionário (1/5)5³ com um delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos consistiram em 5 doses (em g por planta) de N: 1,25; 6,25; 11,25; 16,25; 21,25; 5 doses de K: 0,42; 3,75; 6,22; 9,34; 12,45; e 5 doses de P: 0,19; 0,89; 1,59; 2,29; 2,99. O N e K foram fornecidos semanalmente, sendo 37,5% da dose para o porta-enxerto. O P foi fornecido totalmente no plantio. Determinaram-se os teores totais de N, P e K, Ca, Mg e S nas folhas novas e velhas, raízes e caule e a extração de N, P e K. Os teores de N relacionaram-se diretamente e os de P e K inversamente com a adubação nitrogenada. Os teores de Ca, Mg e S relacionaram-se positivamente até as doses intermediárias de N utilizadas. Houve efeito inibitório do fertilizante potássico sobre a absorção de Ca e Mg. A acumulação de NPK pelos porta-enxertos foi em torno de 30% pelas raízes e 70% pela parte aérea.

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Cigler, Andrew J., and James A. Kaduk. "Sodium dirubidium citrate, NaRb2C6H5O7, and sodium dirubidium citrate dihydrate, NaRb2C6H5O7(H2O)2." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 4 (March 11, 2019): 432–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019003190.

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The crystal structures of sodium dirubidium citrate {poly[μ-citrato-dirubidium(I)sodium(I)], [NaRb2(C6H5O7)] n } and sodium dirubidium citrate dihydrate {poly[diaqua(μ-citrato)dirubidium(I)sodium(I)], [NaRb2(C6H5O7)(H2O)2] n } have been solved and refined using laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data, and optimized using density functional techniques. Both structures contain Na chains and Rb layers, which link to form different three-dimensional frameworks. In each structure, the citrate triply chelates to the Na+ cation. Each citrate also chelates to Rb+ cations. In the dihydrate structure, the water molecules are bonded to the Rb+ cations; the Na+ cation is coordinated only to citrate O atoms. Both structures contain an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond between the hydroxy group and one of the terminal carboxylate groups. In the structure of the dihydrate, each hydrogen atom of the water molecules participates in a hydrogen bond to an ionized carboxylate group.

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45

Silva, Marcos Zatti da, and Carlos Amadeu Leite de Oliveira. "Seletividade de alguns agrotóxicos em uso na citricultura ao ácaro predador Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 28, no. 2 (August 2006): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452006000200011.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos principais agrotóxicos utilizados em citros sobre Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), em condições de laboratório, por tratar-se de um fitoseídeo com grande potencialidade para ser utilizado no controle dos ácaros fitófagos na cultura. O método de bioensaio adotado foi o de contato direto e residual. Folhas de citros da variedade Pêra, contendo 25 fêmeas adultas de N. californicus procedentes de uma criação-estoque, foram pulverizadas em torre de Potter. Avaliaram-se a mortalidade do ácaro 72 horas após a aplicação e o efeito dos produtos na viabilidade dos ovos. Quanto à seletividade, conforme proposta da "Organização Internacional para o Controle Biológico e Integrado de Plantas e Animais Nocivos" (IOBC), os produtos foram classificados como: classe 1 inócuo (E<30%), acrinathrin, deltamethrin, dinocap, enxofre, óxido de fenbutatin e propargite; 2 levemente nocivo (30%<E<79%), azocyclotin, cyhexatin e fenpropathrin; 3 moderadamente nocivo (80%<E<99%), abamectin ; 4 nocivo (E>99%), clorfenapyr, dicofol e pyridaben. N. californicus mostrou-se tolerante a diversos agrotóxicos, o que viabiliza sua utilização, juntamente com produtos químicos pertencentes a grupamentos distintos e de diferentes mecanismos de ação, o que atende a um manejo adequado de controle dos principais ácaros fitófagos da cultura dos citros.

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Dennison, K. J., and B. P. Kooyman. "The potential of citrate estimation in determining the sex of moa and kiwi." Journal of Archaeological Science 18, no. 4 (July 1991): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(91)90035-n.

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KUHN, G. "Application of microencapsulation technology to improve the stability of citral in rodent diets." Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 17, no. 3 (October 1991): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(91)90213-n.

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Choy, Jin-Ho, Jong-Seok Yoo, Seong-Gu Kang, Seung-Tae Hong, and Dong-Guk Kim. "Ultra-fine (PMN) powder synthesized from metal-citrate gel by thermal shock method." Materials Research Bulletin 25, no. 3 (March 1990): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(90)90099-n.

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Brandstädter, W. M., and B. Kraushaar-Czarnetzki. "Maleinsäureanhydrid (MSA) aus Gemischen von n-Butan und n-Butenen." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 75, no. 8 (August 25, 2003): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200390195.

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Müller, K. "Powering Planet Earth. Von N. Armaroli, V. Balzani, N. Serpone." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 85, no. 9 (August 23, 2013): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201390085.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Citroe n'

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