Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Citrus sinensis (L)'
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Banda, Mathew. "Validating sap flux density measurement methods in Citrus sinensis (L.)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65914.
Full textDissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Plant Production and Soil Science
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted
Costa, Fabiano de Mello. "Ocorrência de espécies de afídeos em citros (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck), seus predadores e parasitórides." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1912.
Full textFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos
The populational floatation of the aphids Aphis spiraecola (Patch, 1914), Aphis gossypii (Glover, 1887), Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Foscolombe, 1841) and Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkald, 1907) was studied and related to climate variations from May of 2004 to April of 2005, through the use of Pearsons s Correlation Analysis. The sampling was carried out every two weeks, through Möericke trap. The highest populational densities of A. gossypii occurred in August and September of 2004, and in the latter the populational peak was verified. From July to September of 2004, it was verified the most intense incidences of T. aurantii, and the highest peak occurred in August of 2004. T citricidus did not present significative correlation with any of the studied climate factors, although higher populational densities in the months of May, June and August of 2004, and the second week of January, 2005, were observed. A. spiraecola predominated over the other species, with populational peaks from May to August of 2004, and in the third week of December of 2004. The populational peak of this specie occurred in August of 2004. It was obtained a positive statistical correlation among the populations of these aphids with thermic extent and the number of dry weather days. Negative correlation, in relation to relative humidity was observed only for A. gossypii. In the space between lines of the citrus culture, 22 infestating plants were identified, among which Annona coriacea M. (Anonaceae), host for T aurantii, Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), host for A. spiraecola, and the infesting Emilia sonchifolia (L) DC (Asteraceae), Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae), Cassia sp (Leguminosae), Sida glaziovii K. Sch., Sida rhombfolia L., Sida urens L. (Malvaceae), Solanum americanum Mill and Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) infested by A. gossypii, must be controlled because they are focuses of aphids that are detrimental to the culture. As for natural enemies, the parasitoid species found more often were the hymenopters of the Aphidiidae Family, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) and Aphidius colemani (Viereck, 1912). In the predatory group, the Coccinellidae Family presented the largest number of species, being Hippodamia convergens (Guérrin-Meneville) the most frequent, followed by Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) and then by Scymnus sp, while Olla v-nigrun (Germ., 1824), Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva (Mulsant, 1850) and Hyperaspis sp. were found in smaller quantity during the sampling period. In the predatory group, the Chrysopidae were more abundante, being identified two species: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861), Ceraeochrysa cincta (Adams, 1982) and eight examples only identified as Leucochrysa (Nodita) sp. Among the Hemerobiidae, only the specie Nusalala tesselata (Gerstaecker, 1888) was observed in small quantities on the citrus leaves.
A flutuação populacional dos afídeos Aphis spiraecola (Patch, 1914), Aphis gossypii (Glover, 1887), Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Foscolombe, 1841) e Toxoptera citricidus (Kirkald, 1907) foi estudada, correlacionando-as com as variações climáticas no período de maio de 2004 a abril de 2005, através do uso da Análise de correlação de Pearson. As amostragens foram realizadas, quinzenalmente, através de armadilha Möericke. As maiores densidades populacionais de A. gossypii ocorreram em agosto e setembro de 2004, neste último, constatou-se o pico populacional. No período de julho a setembro de 2004 constatou-se as maiores incidências de T. aurantii, sendo o mês de agosto de 2004 o de maior pico populacional. T. citricidus não apresentou correlação significativa com nenhum dos fatores climáticos estudados, embora tenham sido observados maiores densidades populacionais nos meses de maio, junho e agosto de 2004, e segunda semana de janeiro de 2005. A. spiraecola predominou sobre as demais espécies com picos populacionais nos períodos de maio a agosto de 2004 e na terceira semana de dezembro de 2004. O período de pico populacional desta espécie foi agosto de 2004. Foi obtida correlação estatística positiva entre as populações desses afídeos com a amplitude térmica e o número de dias de estiagem. Correlação negativa, em relação à umidade relativa, foi observada somente para A. gossypii. Foram identificadas nas entrelinhas da cultura de citros, 22 plantas infestantes, das quais Annona coriacea M. (Anonaceae), hospedeira de T. aurantii, Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), hospedeira de A. spiraecola, e as infestantes Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC (Asteraceae), Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae), Cassia sp (Leguminosae), Sida glaziovii K. Sch., Sida rhombifolia L., Sida urens L. (Malvaceae), Solanum iv 5 americanum Mill e Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) infestadas por A. gossypii, devem ser controladas, pois são focos de afídeos prejudiciais a cultura. Com relação aos inimigos naturais, as espécies de parasitóides mais encontradas, foram os hymenópteros da Família Aphidiidae, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson, 1880) e Aphidius colemani Viereck, 1912. Do grupo dos predadores a Família Coccinellidae apresentou o maior número de espécies, sendo que Hippodamia convergens (Guérrin-Meneville) foi à espécie mais freqüente, seguida por Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763) e, posteriormente, Scymnus sp, enquanto que Olla v- nigrum (Germ.; 1824), Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) festiva Mulsant, 1850 e Hyperaspis sp., foram encontradas em menor quantidade durante o período de amostragens. Entre o grupo dos predadores, os crisopídeos foram os mais abundantes, sendo identificadas duas espécies: Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861), Ceraeochrysa cincta Adams, 1982 e oito exemplares identificados apenas como Leucochrysa (Nodita) sp. Entre os Hemerobiideos, apenas a espécie Nusalala tesselata (Gerstaecker, 1888) foi observada em pequenas quantidades nas folhas de citros.
Mekbib, SB Regnier Thierry J. C. Sivakumar Dharini Korsten Lise, TJC Regnier, D. Sivakumar, and L. Korsten. "Evaluation of Ethiopian plant extracts, Acacia seyal and Withania somnifera, to control green mould and ensure quality maintenance of citrus (Citrus sinensis L.)." Cirad/EDP Sciences, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001695.
Full textCabrera, Ronaldo Alberto Duenhas. "Uso de boro e palhada no manejo sustentável e produção de citrus [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-13112007-112428/.
Full textThe citrus production in the state of São Paulo has been established in its majority, on soils with low organic matter and due to this fact, several aspects related to the lack of nutrients have been attributed to the low availability of organic matter. To introduce a sustainable management for the citrus production system, the producers have been adopted the use of mulch to cover the plants. This practice has proved to increase the soil organic matter content and has been recommended for mid- and long-term improvement of the physical and chemical and biological parameters of the soil, resulting in higher productivity, a better stability in crop production and higher water availability to the citrus plants. This work studied for 4 citrus growing seasons at field conditions the effects of the addition of mulch at rates of 0, 15 and 30 t.ha-1 added every year, using Tifton as source of mulch and boric acidic added to the soil at rates of 0, 6 and 12 kg.ha-1. Measures included yield (t.ha-1 and fruit number.ha-1), the soil nutrient composition, nutritional parameters associated to the physical and chemical variations in the soil due to the treatments, the isotopic δ13c carbon and δ15N nitrogen variation in the soil due to straw addition, the soil microbial biomass, the fruit (juice) quality and the economic aspects involving the use of these two practices mulch and boron, in the citrus production system. The experiment was set up in Araras, São Paulo State, in a 8-year old commercial orchard of sweet orange var. Pêra, with 9 treatments 3 rates of mulch and 3 rates of boron, 4 replicates with 4 plants for plot, in a total of 144 plants. The application of 15 t.ha-1 and 30 t.ha-1 of mulch increased 3,38 t.ha-1 (15,6%) and 8,89 t.ha-1 (41.1%) respectively, in both cases the use of mulch showed not to be economically viable, due to its high cost in the market. The fruit productivity from the mulch treatments increased 9.3% and 24.4%, in treatments with mulch added at the rates 15 t.ha-1 and 30 t.ha-1, respectively. At 0-20 cm soil depth, the microbial biomass increased when 30 t.ha-1 mulch was added, with 64.7% and 46.9%, corresponding to 0 t/ha and 15 t.ha-1 mulch, respectively. The use of Tifton grass as mulch was positively related to increases of carbon from C4-plants in the soil organic matter content, with increases after 4 years of growth as high as 44.4%, 54.8% and 60.9%, corresponding to the rates of 0, 15 and 30 t.ha-1 of mulch. Nevertheless, the addition of mulch has not affected the water content of the soil at 20 and 40 cm depth. The effect of boron was observed only at the high productivity season (more 40 t.ha-1), with the treatment of 12 kg t.ha-1 yielding 5.8 t.ha-1 (16.7%), when compared to the control (0 kg/ha B) treatment. The K/Ca ratio and the S-leaf concentration were negatively correlated with yield, when increases of one unit in K/Ca ratio corresponded to a decrease of 30 t.ha-1 and one unit of S-leaf concentration to minus 4 t.ha-1. It is recommended that K/Ca ratio should be around 0.4 and the S-leaf concentration around 3 g/kg. The leaf ratio P/S affected positively the yield, when increases of one unit in this ratio, corresponded to increases of 17 t.ha-1 in yield increases. The season (year) was an important factor, showing an alternate variation of high/low yield in every two years.
Silva, Jose Aliçandro Bezerra da. "Florescimento e frutificação em laranjeiras pera (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com clorose variegada dos citros (CVC)." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314824.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Doutorado
Ribeiro, Ana Paula Dantas. "Influência do suco da laranja Pera (Citrus sinensis) e da laranja Moro (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) na cardiotoxicidade aguda induzida pela doxorrubicina em ratos." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183458.
Full textResumo: Introdução: A doxorrubicina é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado e muito eficaz no tratamento de neoplasias, porém pode levar à cardiotoxicidade, o que pode limitar seu uso. Os mecanismos envolvidos no surgimento da cardiotoxicidade são múltiplos, mas o aumento do estresse oxidativo tem papel fundamental. O suco de laranja contém muitos compostos com potencial antioxidante, como os flavonóides. A composição do suco de laranja pode diferir entre as variedades de laranja e isso pode levar a efeitos biológicos diferentes, como maior atividade antioxidante. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do suco de laranja Pera (Citrus sinensis) e da Moro (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) na cardiotoxicidade induzida pela doxorrubicina em ratos. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados 120 ratos Wistar machos adultos, que foram alocados em 6 grupos: C, LP, LM, D, DLP, DLM. Os grupos C e D receberam água com maltodextrina para igualar a quantidade de carboidratos dos sucos de laranja. Os grupos LP e DLP receberam suco de laranja Pera e os grupos LM e DLM receberam suco de laranja Moro por 4 semanas. Após, os animais dos grupos D, DLP e DLM receberam injeção de doxorrubicina (20mg/kg, IP) e os animais dos grupos C, LP e LM receberam injeção de salina. Quarenta e oito horas após a injeção de doxorrubicina, os animais foram submetidos ao ecocardiograma, medida da pressão intraventricular esquerda e eutanásia para coleta de material biológico. Resultados: Os ratos tratados com doxorrubicina ganharam menos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Introduction: Doxorubicin is a widely used chemotherapy and very effective in the treatment of cancer, but it can lead to cardiotoxicity, which may limit it’s use. The mechanisms involved in the emergence of cardiotoxicity are multiple, but the increase of oxidative stress plays a fundamental role. Orange juice contains many compounds with antioxidant potential, such as flavonoids. The composition of orange juice may differ between orange varieties and this may lead to different biological effects such as increased antioxidant activity. Objective: To evaluate the influence of Pera (Citrus sinensis) and Moro (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) orange juice on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Material and Methods: We used 120 adult male Wistar rats, which were allocated into 6 groups: C, LP, LM, D, DLP, DLM. Groups C and D were given water with maltodextrin to equalize the amount of carbohydrate in the orange juices. The LP and DLP groups received Pera orange juice and the LM and DLM groups received Moro orange juice for 4 weeks. Afterwards, animals from groups D, DLP and DLM received doxorubicin injection (20mg / kg, PI) and animals from groups C, LP and LM received saline injection. Forty-eight hours after doxorubicin injection, the animals underwent echocardiography, left intraventricular pressure measurement and euthanasia for collection of biological material. Results: Doxorubicin-treated rats gained less weight than untreated rats, probably due to the decreased intak... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Knight, Toby George. "Investigation of the physiological basis of the rind disorder oleocellosis in Washington navel orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AHP/09ahpk71.pdf.
Full textTavano, Eveline Carla da Rocha. "Transformação genética de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck para resistência a Candidatus Liberibacter ssp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-22042013-161909/.
Full textHuanglongbing (HLB) associated to Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which colonizes the phloem, is considered one of the most serious diseases of citrus. One important strategy to control this disease consists of producing transgenic plants expressing, in the bacteria colonization tissue, genes encoding antibacterial peptides. The objective of this work was to produce transgenic sweet orange plants expressing genes encoding the antibacterial peptide attacin A (attA) driven by phoem-specific promoters. The work started with the development of the gene constructs, containing the attacin A gene (with or without signal peptide) controlled by either sucrose transporter gene (AtSuc2) or phloem protein 2 gene promoters (AtPP2) from Arabidopsis thaliana, or phloem protein 2 gene promotor (CsPP2) from Citrus sinensis. The genetic transformation of C. sinensis \'Hamlin\', \'Valencia\', \'Pera\' and \'Natal\' cultivars was done via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Epicotyls segments collected from in vitro germinated seedlings were used as explants. Transgenic plants were identified by PCR analyses. PCR positive plants were acclimatized and transferred to specific greenhouse. Integration and transcription of the attA gene was confirmed in acclimatized transgenic plants by Southern and Northern blot analysis, respectively. The attA gene expression was validated by RT-qPCR analysis. \'Hamlin\' transgenic cultivars containing the AtSuc2 or AtPP2 promoters controlling the expression of attA (with or without signal peptide) were propagated by grafting, for future evaluation of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus resistance
Lopes, Aline Cristina [UNESP]. "Expressão gênica de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri colonizando laranja doce ‘pêra rio’ (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e lima ácida ‘galego’ (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138221.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A citricultura é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro. Entretanto, inúmeras pragas e doenças atacam os citros, causando grandes prejuízos econômicos. O cancro cítrico, causado pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), é um grave problema para o setor, não havendo ainda um método eficaz para o seu controle. Neste estudo, utilizando RNASeq, foram analisados os perfis transcricionais de Xac inoculada em duas espécies de citros contrastantes à doença: laranja doce ‘Pêra Rio’ (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), menos suscetível e lima ácida ‘Galego’ (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), altamente suscetível, às 48 e 72 horas após a infecção (hai), com o objetivo de identificar genes de Xac envolvidos no processo de infecção. Foram identificados 80 genes de Xac diferencialmente expressos (GDEs) no hospedeiro laranja doce ‘Pêra Rio’, sendo 41 e 39 nos tempos de 48 e 72 hai, respectivamente. Em lima ácida ‘Galego’ foram identificados 82 GDEs, sendo 40 no tempo de 48 hai e 42 em 72 hai. Alguns destes genes diferencialmente expressos foram avaliados pela técnica de PCR quantitativa em tempo real, sendo estes hpa1, hrpE, hrpW, virK, ahpC, katE, katG, cydA e cydB, os quais estão envolvidos na patogenicidade e virulência, na defesa ao estresse oxidativo e na fosforilação oxidativa. Os genes de patogenicidade e virulência foram induzidos em Xac em ambos os hospedeiros, enquanto que os genes relacionados à cadeia respiratória foram inibidos em ambos os hospedeiros, com maior inibição em lima ácida ‘Galego’. No entanto, os genes relacionados ao estresse oxidativo apresentaram um perfil de expressão maior em Xac na interação com laranja doce ‘Pêra Rio’ do que em lima ácida ‘Galego’, principalmente ahpC e katG. A determinação da concentração de H2O2 nas folhas revelou que laranja doce ‘Pêra Rio’, espécie menos suscetível ao cancro cítrico, possui maior quantidade de H2O2 do que lima ácida ‘Galego’, espécie altamente suscetível. Isso sugere que a menor susceptibilidade ao cancro cítrico da laranja ‘Pêra Rio’ pode estar relacionada com a maior quantidade de H2O2 presente nesta espécie, o que leva a bactéria a ativar seu arsenal de enzimas para combater o estresse oxidativo do meio, retardando a infecção.
The citrus industry is one of the main activities of Brazilian agribusiness. However, many pests and diseases attack citrus, causing great economic losses. The citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), is a major problem for the sector, there is not yet an effective method for its control. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of Xac inoculated in two species of contrasting citrus disease were analyzed using RNA-Seq : sweet orange 'Pêra Rio' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), moderately tolerant and Mexican Lime 'Galego' (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) highly susceptible at 48 and 72 hours after infection (hai) aiming to identify Xac genes involved in the infection process. We identified 80 Xac differentially expressed genes (DGE) in sweet orange 'Pera Rio', 41 and 39 at 48 and 72 hai, respectively. In Mexican Lime 'Galego' 82 DGE were identified, 40 at 48 and 42 at 72 hai. Some of these differentially expressed genes were evaluated by real time quantitative PCR : hpa1, hrpE, hrpW, Virk, ahpC, KatE, katG, cyda and cydB, which are involved in pathogenicity and virulence, oxidative stress defense and oxidative phosphorylation. The pathogenicity and virulence genes were induced in Xac in both hosts, whereas the respiratory chain-related genes were inhibited in both hosts with greater inhibition in Mexican lime 'Galego'. However, genes related to oxidative stress showed a higher expression profile in Xac interaction with sweet orange 'Pera Rio' than with Mexican lime 'Galego', mainly ahpC and katG. The determination of H2O2 concentration in leaves revealed a higher amount of H2O2 in sweet orange 'Pêra Rio' moderately tolerant to citrus canker, than in Mexican Lime 'Galego' highly susceptible to citrus canker. The results suggests that the lower susceptibility to citrus canker orange 'Pera Rio' may be related to the greater amount of H2O2 present in this specie, which leads the bacteria to activate their arsenal of enzymes to fight oxidative stress environment, slowing the infection.
Lopes, Aline Cristina. "Expressão gênica de Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri colonizando laranja doce 'pêra rio' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e lima ácida 'galego' (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138221.
Full textCoorientador: Roberto Hirochi Herai
Coorientador: Juliana da Silva Vantini
Banca: José Belasque Júnior
Banca: Priscila Lupino gatão
Resumo: A citricultura é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro. Entretanto, inúmeras pragas e doenças atacam os citros, causando grandes prejuízos econômicos. O cancro cítrico, causado pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), é um grave problema para o setor, não havendo ainda um método eficaz para o seu controle. Neste estudo, utilizando RNASeq, foram analisados os perfis transcricionais de Xac inoculada em duas espécies de citros contrastantes à doença: laranja doce 'Pêra Rio' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), menos suscetível e lima ácida 'Galego' (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle), altamente suscetível, às 48 e 72 horas após a infecção (hai), com o objetivo de identificar genes de Xac envolvidos no processo de infecção. Foram identificados 80 genes de Xac diferencialmente expressos (GDEs) no hospedeiro laranja doce 'Pêra Rio', sendo 41 e 39 nos tempos de 48 e 72 hai, respectivamente. Em lima ácida 'Galego' foram identificados 82 GDEs, sendo 40 no tempo de 48 hai e 42 em 72 hai. Alguns destes genes diferencialmente expressos foram avaliados pela técnica de PCR quantitativa em tempo real, sendo estes hpa1, hrpE, hrpW, virK, ahpC, katE, katG, cydA e cydB, os quais estão envolvidos na patogenicidade e virulência, na defesa ao estresse oxidativo e na fosforilação oxidativa. Os genes de patogenicidade e virulência foram induzidos em Xac em ambos os hospedeiros, enquanto que os genes relacionados à cadeia respiratória foram inibidos em ambos os hospedeiros, com maior ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The citrus industry is one of the main activities of Brazilian agribusiness. However, many pests and diseases attack citrus, causing great economic losses. The citrus canker, caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), is a major problem for the sector, there is not yet an effective method for its control. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of Xac inoculated in two species of contrasting citrus disease were analyzed using RNA-Seq : sweet orange 'Pêra Rio' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), moderately tolerant and Mexican Lime 'Galego' (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) highly susceptible at 48 and 72 hours after infection (hai) aiming to identify Xac genes involved in the infection process. We identified 80 Xac differentially expressed genes (DGE) in sweet orange 'Pera Rio', 41 and 39 at 48 and 72 hai, respectively. In Mexican Lime 'Galego' 82 DGE were identified, 40 at 48 and 42 at 72 hai. Some of these differentially expressed genes were evaluated by real time quantitative PCR : hpa1, hrpE, hrpW, Virk, ahpC, KatE, katG, cyda and cydB, which are involved in pathogenicity and virulence, oxidative stress defense and oxidative phosphorylation. The pathogenicity and virulence genes were induced in Xac in both hosts, whereas the respiratory chain-related genes were inhibited in both hosts with greater inhibition in Mexican lime 'Galego'. However, genes related to oxidative stress showed a higher expression profile in Xac interaction with sweet orange 'Pera Rio' than with Mexica... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Teixeira, Filho Aristoteles de Jesus. "Fluxos de agua em especie de citro (citrus sinensis L. Osbeck - laranja pera) - Campinas - São Paulo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257231.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: As variáveis ecofisiológicas exercem grande influência, não somente no comportamento vegetativo das plantas cultivadas, mas, sobretudo no seu desempenho em relação às características produtivas. Os estudos sobre trocas gasosas têm-se ampliado desde a década de oitenta, dada a sua importância em cultivos tropicais, tal qual, em variedades de citros. Tem-se investigado que os estômatos são o principal ponto de controle do fluxo de água, sendo o déficit de pressão hídrica do ar apontada como a força motora para a transpiração, e a quantidade de água no solo é o fator decisivo para o abastecimento hídrico da planta. Dessa forma, a eficiência do uso da água pela cultura pode ser considerada como uma relação custo-benefício para o aumento da produção dos citros, com o mínimo impacto na reserva hídrica do ecossistema, haja vista que no Brasil, apesar da incidência de períodos de déficits hídricos temporários em várias regiões citrícolas, predomina o cultivo sem irrigação. O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores mundiais de frutas cítricas, destacando-se os Estados: Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Sergipe. Com plantios acima de 1.100.000 hectares, os citros têm grande importância comercial no Brasil, sendo São Paulo o maior produtor com aproximadamente 70% da produção nacional. O retorno econômico proveniente deste produto é de grande importância para o crescimento do setor agrícola do país. A partir da safra de 1979-1981, a citricultura brasileira vem ocupando o primeiro lugar em produção dentro da América do Sul. Para tal, o estudo foi conduzido no campo experimental da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola (FEAGRI) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, localizado no município de Campinas, entre as coordenadas geográficas de 22o53¿20¿ de Latitude sul e o meridiano 47o04¿40¿ de Longitude oeste de Greenwich. O experimento foi conduzido em cinco plantas de citros de mesma variedade (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), realizando medidas de transpiração, condutância estomática, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, radiação incidente total e déficit de pressão de vapor saturado. No período considerado observou-se que a maior média diária da transpiração 4,63 mmol.m-2.s-1 na PL4T2 e a menor foi de 1,53 mmol.m-2.s-1 na PL1EVP1. O melhor modelo foi aquele que considerou que resposta da transpiração foliar estar diretamente associado ao déficit de pressão de vapor saturado
Abstract: The variables ecofisiológicas exercise great influence, not only in the vegetative behavior of the cultivated plants, but, above all in your acting in relation to the productive characteristics. The studies on gas exchange have been enlarging since the decade of eighty, given your importance in tropical cultivations, just as, in citrus varieties. Has been investigating that the stomatal is the principal point of control of the flow of water, being the deficit of pressure water of the air appeared as the motive force for the perspiration, and the amount of water in the soil it is the decisive factor for the provisioning water of the plant. In that way, the efficiency of the use of the water for the culture can be considered as a relationship cost-benefit for the increase of the production of the citrus, with the minimum impact in the reservation water of the ecosystem, have seen that in Brazil, in spite of the incidence of periods of deficits temporary waters in several areas citrícolas, the cultivation prevails without irrigation. Brazil is one of the largest world producers of citric fruits, standing out States: Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Sergipe. With plantings above 1.100.000 hectares, the citrus have great commercial importance in Brazil, being São Paulo the largest producing with approximately 70% of the national production. The originating from economical return this product is of great importance for the growth of the agricultural section of the country. Starting from the crop of 1979-1981, the Brazilian citricultura is occupying the first place inside in production of South America. For such, the study was lead in the experimental field of the College of Engenharia Agrícola (FEAGRI) of the State University of Campinas, located in the city of Campinas, enters the geographic coordinates of 22o53¿20¿ of south Latitude and the meridian 47o04¿40¿ of Longitude west of Greenwich. The experiment was led in five plants of citrus of same variety (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), accomplishing perspiration measures, conductance stomatal, radiation fotossinteticamente activates, total incident radiation and deficit of pressure of saturated vapor. In the considered period it was observed that the largest average daily rate of the perspiration 4.63 mmol.m-2.s-1 in PL4T2 and the smallest was of 1.53 mmol.m-2.s-1 in PL1EVP1. The best model was that that considered that answer of the perspiration to foliate to be directly associated to the deficit of pressure of saturated vapor
Doutorado
Agua e Solo
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Bernardes, Fernanda de Sousa. "Diversidade bacteriana endofítica associada à Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck com sintomas de Greening." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-22062011-110739/.
Full textThe aiming of this study was the evaluation of the diversity of endophytic culturable bacterial community associated with Huanglongbing (HLB) symptomatic and no-symptomatic Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck plants, highlighting the Methylobacterium spp. Simultaneously, it was evaluated the endophytic Methylobacterium community in sweetie orange with and without Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) symptoms. Thus, it was sampled ten healthy and no-health plants with HLB and CVC symptoms in raining (November 2008 and February are 2009) and dryed (may 2009) seasons in two provinces at São Paulo State. The presence or absence of the plant-pathogens Candidatus Liberibacter americanus, Ca. L. asiaticus e Ca. L africanus, HLB agents and Xylella fastidiosa, CVC agent, was confirmed using specific primer by PCR for all plant samples. The bacterial communities was accessed by isolation and posteriori quantification of colony forming unit (CFU) to total and Methylobacterium group that was identified according its pink coloration. To the identification and phylogenetic clusterization of the isolates was partially sequenced the 16S DNAr gene. The results showed a higher amount of isolated Methylobacterium spp. from symptomatic plants to HLB and CVC than healthy plant. M. fujisawaense and M. radiotolerans were present in these samples. The plants sampled in dryed season showed a high amount of methilotrific isolates. It was not observed a significant difference of the amount of total bacteria isolated from HLB symptomatic and no-symptomatic plants The identified classes was: Actinobacteria, Alfaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gamaproteobacteria and Firmicutes. Brevundimonas, Alcaligenes and Pantoea were the most frequent genera. It was verified the acid aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCd) production and the lead and cadmium tolerance as the adaptative characteristic of Methylobacterium to stress conditions. 63% of the 62 evaluated isolates were able to use the aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) as nitrogen source. Just 3 isolates were able to grow in supplemented CHOI media at 2.5 e 5.0 mM of sulphate of cadmium. Two isolates showed lead tolerance in the same media supplemented with nitrate of lead at 2.5 mM and just one at 5.0mM.The results showed the importance of Methylobacterium spp. to citrus culturable endophytic community in two pathossystem. In both the amount of methylotrofic isolates was higher in symptomatic plants, suggesting its association with the plant-pathogens. The Methylobacterium ACCd production has a relationship with the breaking of ethylen route. This compound is associated with vegetal stress. For this reason the high amount of Methylobacterium from symptomatic plants and the ACCd production probably is correlated with the disease development under the reduction of plant response capacity
Wolffenbuttel, Adriana Nunes. "Perfil químico dos óleos essenciais de citrus aurantium lineu e citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck e avaliação psicofarmacológica da ação ansiolítica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129059.
Full textThis study investigated the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) of the pericarp of the fruit and leaves of Citrus aurantium Linneu (bitter orange) and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (sweet orange) in order to correlate their constituents with psychopharmacological evaluation the anxiolytic action through inhalation for 30 minutes these EO for mice. EO were obtained by steam distillation, hydrodistillation and cold pressing of Citrus collected in southern and south-central regions of Brazil, both in laboratory extractions as trademarks, which found the chemical similarity among their constituents, with important commercial and pharmacology. OE from pericarp have limonene as a major component (67.7 to 82.5%) and EO from the leaves have linalyl acetate (28.0 to 51.8%) and linalool (14.2 to 24.8%) as major components. The (R)-(+)-Limonene is ee in all OE analyzed. The (R)-(-)-linalool is ee in the OE C. aurantium, and (S)-(+)-linalool is ee in the OE C. sinensis. After inhalation, the mice were subjected to behavioral testing. The EO of C. sinensis showed cause behavior indicative of anxiety reduction through the light-dark test and decreased their locomotor activity in the locomotor activity test, indicating a CNS depressant effect. We have demonstrated that inhaled EO were absorbed by the body of the mice over the detections components of EO, including limonene and linalool, in the plasma of mice. We quantify the hormones related to emotional states of anxiety and stress, melatonin (MEL) and corticosterone (CORT), which found that inhaled OE do not work in the system involving the synthesis of MEL, as well as in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of CORT. We prove that the protocol applied to mice and the tail suspension test are not stressful events because the hormone CORT remained at basal values.
Prado, Simone de Souza. "Eficiência de infecção e multiplicação de estirpes de Xylella fastidiosa de citros [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] e de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em inoculações cruzadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-09022004-155715/.
Full textThe goal of this research was to evaluate infection efficiency and multiplication of citrus [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and coffee (Coffea arabica L.) strains of Xylella fastidiosa after cross inoculations, in order to assess the potential for spread of this pathogen from infected citrus groves to coffee plantations and vice versa. Mechanical inoculations were carried out with a X. fastidiosa isolate (CCT6570) from a citrus tree showing citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) and an isolate (CCT6756) from a coffee tree with coffee stem atrophy (CSA). Four cell concentrations of each isolate, ranging between 10 3 a 10 9 colony forming units (CFU) per mL, were needle-inoculated in citrus and coffee plants, in order to determine titration curves and effective doses for infection in each strain/host combination. The rate of infected plants and the viable bacterial population were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primary isolation in culture at 0.5, 2, 4 and 8 months after inoculation. The coffee (CSA) strain of X. fastidiosa did not colonize citrus in any of the inoculum concentrations tested. Cross inoculation of the citrus (CVC) strain in coffee resulted in low rates of infection and required an inoculum concentration 10 times higher than that necessary to obtain a similar (25%) rate of infection in citrus. The effective dose for 25% infection (ED25) was 0,29 x 10 6 and 0,35 x 10 7 CFU/mL for the homologous strain/host combinations, CSA/coffee and CVC/citrus, respectively. For the heterologous CVC/coffee combination, ED25 was higher (0,85 x 10 8 CFU/mL), showing the difficulty of colonizatin of coffee plants by the citrus strain. Bacterial population of the citrus strain was higher in citrus than in coffee plants at all evaluation dates, although statistical differences were found only at 2 months after inoculation. A preliminary test showed that the primary isolation method used, which includes maceration of infected coffee leaf petioles, does not inhibit bacterial grow in culture, thus allowing reliable estimates of X. fastidiosa populations in coffee. Another study was carried out to compare colony morphology of six isolates of X. fastidiosa from citrus with CVC and six isolates from coffee with CSA, obtained from different localities in the States of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. There was no relationship between incubation period or average colony diameter and the original host of the isolates. However, colonies of the coffee isolates showed opalescent colour and flat margins, whereas the colonies of all citrus isolates were darker and more convex, with rugous center and ondulated margins presenting numerous filaments.
Lindhout, Katina, and Lynette Brown@latrobe edu au. "Physiology of Chilling-Related Postharvest Rind Breakdown of Navel Oranges (Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck)." La Trobe University. School of Life Sciences, 2007. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080526.093527.
Full textBosco, Adriano Dal. "Fluxo de seiva em laranjeira (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) infectada com Xylella fastidiosa Wells." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-20181127-161856/.
Full textnot available
Marques, João Paulo Rodrigues. "Análise histopatológica e perfil protéico de lesões causadas pelo Citrus leprosis virus tipo nuclear e citoplasmático em Citrus sinensis (l.) Osbeck." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-25072008-104142/.
Full textThe citrus leprosis of citrus has been considered a disease of great economic importance to citrus producers due to the damage that it causes. The disease is responsible for lesions found in the twigs, leaves and fruits, and it may cause great losses to the untreated orchards. The citrus leprosis has viral etiology being the virus called Citrus leprosis virus (CiLV). Currently, there are two types of virus attributed to leprosis that cause different morphological and cythopatological symptoms: the nuclear (CiLV-N) and cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C). This study aimed to investigate the anatomical changes and to compare the proteic profile between the injuries caused by two types of virus in sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. For anatomical analyses healthy tissue and different lesions were photographed and then fixed in Karnovsky solution, dehydrated in a graded ethylic series, embedded in hidroxy-ethyl methacrylate resin (Leica Historesin), sectioned (5 ?m thick), stained and mounted in synthetic resin. The digital images were capture in a microscope with video camera. For the analysis of protein profiles the samples were collected and immediately cryofixed in liquid nitrogen and stored in the refrigerated - 80 ° C. The proteins were extracted, quantified and then separated by gel electrophoresis of polyacrylamide gel. Foliar lesions began as necrotic spots surrounded by a yellow halo that inhibited the lesion expansion. The twigs presented two different lesions: depressed ones and pustules with ruptures. The collected-field lesions of leaves and twigs showed that symptoms of CiLV-C had a certain similarity with the inoculated samples. In the case of foliar lesions caused by CiLV-N there was the presence of three different regions: the necrotic center, the intermediate halo and chlorotic halo. The fruit lesions caused by both types of leprosis virus were different. Ductos traumáticos gomosos foram observados nos ramos infectados pelo CiLV-C e nos feixes vasculares de folhas e frutos infectados pelo CiLV-N. Gummous traumatic ducts in twigs infected by CiLV-C and in the vascular bundles of fruit and leaves infected with CiLV-N were observed. In the proteic profile, there was an increase in protein concentration in the infected tissues especially for injuries caused by CiLV-N. It was possible to observe that there was an anatomical and histochemical pattern in the lesions caused by leprosis in sweet orange independently of the type of virus, therefore in all the injuries was verified hyperplasia, hypertrophy, cell plasmolisis, the reduction of starch grains, the accumulation of lipids compounds in the cells of the necrotic areas and the presence of a halo, surrounding that area, constituted by cells that accumulate proteins.
Lourenço, Junior Benedito Aparecido [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento de larenjeira 'Pera' Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck enxertada em limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus Limonia) e cultivada em pó de balsalto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92095.
Full textA nutrição mineral constitui um dos aspectos mais críticos na produção de mudas. Os nutrientes quando fornecidos aos vegetais em dosagens adequadas e equilibradas entre si, possibilitam incrementos de produtividade. Apesar da utilização atual de pó de basalto como fonte alternativa de nutrição, ainda são poucos os estudos com base científica, que avaliem e comparem seus efeitos no desenvolvimento vegetal. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a translocação orgânica, produtividade e a anatomia foliar da laranjeira Pêra‟ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck enxertadas em limoeiro „Cravo‟ Citrus limonia e cultivadas com variação da fertilização e pó de basalto. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições, em esquema fatorial 6 x 5, ou seja, 6 tratamentos constituídos por diferentes níveis de basalto em adição à fertilização, e cinco épocas de colheitas, realizadas aos 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 após a enxertia, onde foi mensurado nº de folhas, diâmetro do caule, altura, massa de matéria seca de folha, caule, raiz e total, além do cálculo dos índices fisiológicos razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL) e razão de massa foliar (RMF). Aos 180 dias após a enxertia e 170 dias de plantio em campo, foram realizadas análises de teores foliares de minerais. Foram mensuradas as trocas gasosas com o auxílio de um sistema aberto portátil de fotossíntese (LI-6400, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) nas plantas aos 170 dias após o plantio e avaliação anatômica do limbo e nervura foliar principal. De maneira geral, as plantas cultivadas com 36 kg de pó de basalto m-³ de substrato e 2∕3 da fertilização apresentaram desenvolvimento semelhante...
The mineral nutrition is one of the most critical in the production of seedlings. Nutrients to plants when supplied in adequate dosages and balance one another, allow increased productivity. Despite the current use of basalt powder as an alternative source of nutrition, there are few scientific studies that evaluate and compare their effects on plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the translocation organic productivity and leaf anatomy of the Sweet Orange „Pêra‟ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck grafted on Rangpur Lime Citrus limonia cultivated with basalt powder. The experimental design was completely randomized design with six replications in a factorial 5 x 6, or 6 treatments consisting of different levels of basalt in addition to fertilization, and five harvests, performed at 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 after grafting, when leaf number, stem diameter, height, and leaf, stem, root and total dry matter for growth analysis were measured. At 180 days after grafting and 170 days of planting, were analyzed mineral content in leaves. Gas exchange was evaluated through a closed portable photosynthesis system (LI-6400, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) on plants 170 days after planting and anatomical assessment of the limbus and the main leaf vein. In general, the plants cultivated with36 kg of basalt powder m-³ and 2∕3 of the fertilization showed development similar or higher in those grown without basalt powder. Anatomical changes can result in greater resistance in the field
Lourenço, Junior Benedito Aparecido. "Desenvolvimento de larenjeira 'Pera' Citrus Sinensis (L.) Osbeck enxertada em limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus Limonia) e cultivada em pó de balsalto /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92095.
Full textBanca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Susette Aparecida de Barros Cardoso
Resumo: A nutrição mineral constitui um dos aspectos mais críticos na produção de mudas. Os nutrientes quando fornecidos aos vegetais em dosagens adequadas e equilibradas entre si, possibilitam incrementos de produtividade. Apesar da utilização atual de pó de basalto como fonte alternativa de nutrição, ainda são poucos os estudos com base científica, que avaliem e comparem seus efeitos no desenvolvimento vegetal. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a translocação orgânica, produtividade e a anatomia foliar da laranjeira Pêra‟ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck enxertadas em limoeiro „Cravo‟ Citrus limonia e cultivadas com variação da fertilização e pó de basalto. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições, em esquema fatorial 6 x 5, ou seja, 6 tratamentos constituídos por diferentes níveis de basalto em adição à fertilização, e cinco épocas de colheitas, realizadas aos 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 após a enxertia, onde foi mensurado nº de folhas, diâmetro do caule, altura, massa de matéria seca de folha, caule, raiz e total, além do cálculo dos índices fisiológicos razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação líquida (TAL) e razão de massa foliar (RMF). Aos 180 dias após a enxertia e 170 dias de plantio em campo, foram realizadas análises de teores foliares de minerais. Foram mensuradas as trocas gasosas com o auxílio de um sistema aberto portátil de fotossíntese (LI-6400, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) nas plantas aos 170 dias após o plantio e avaliação anatômica do limbo e nervura foliar principal. De maneira geral, as plantas cultivadas com 36 kg de pó de basalto m-³ de substrato e 2∕3 da fertilização apresentaram desenvolvimento semelhante... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The mineral nutrition is one of the most critical in the production of seedlings. Nutrients to plants when supplied in adequate dosages and balance one another, allow increased productivity. Despite the current use of basalt powder as an alternative source of nutrition, there are few scientific studies that evaluate and compare their effects on plant development. This study aimed to evaluate the translocation organic productivity and leaf anatomy of the Sweet Orange „Pêra‟ Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck grafted on Rangpur Lime Citrus limonia cultivated with basalt powder. The experimental design was completely randomized design with six replications in a factorial 5 x 6, or 6 treatments consisting of different levels of basalt in addition to fertilization, and five harvests, performed at 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 after grafting, when leaf number, stem diameter, height, and leaf, stem, root and total dry matter for growth analysis were measured. At 180 days after grafting and 170 days of planting, were analyzed mineral content in leaves. Gas exchange was evaluated through a closed portable photosynthesis system (LI-6400, LI-COR, Lincoln, NE, USA) on plants 170 days after planting and anatomical assessment of the limbus and the main leaf vein. In general, the plants cultivated with36 kg of basalt powder m-³ and 2∕3 of the fertilization showed development similar or higher in those grown without basalt powder. Anatomical changes can result in greater resistance in the field
Mestre
Bonani, Jean Patrick. "Caracterização do aparelho bucal e comportamento alimentar de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) em Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-18052009-164644/.
Full textThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is the vector of the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and Ca. L. americanus, which are associated to the serious disease known as Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). Despite the importance of this disease worldwide, little is known about the feeding activities of the vector, which is essential to understand transmission mechanisms and establish disease management strategies. Thus, the goals of this research were to examine the morphology of D. citri mouth apparatus, to characterize its probing behavior on sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) seedlings by using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG)-DC technique, and to assess the effect of citrus leaf age on the stylet penetration and efficiency of acquisition of Ca. L. asiaticus. D. citri shows a coneshaped rostrum that extends itself to behind the prothoracic pair of thighs. By electron microscopy, we found four pairs of sensilla symmetrically distributed on the distal end of the rostrum. The rostrum houses a stylet bundle comprised of two mandibulae and two maxillae with mean length of 512 µm. The two maxillary stylets are hold together and have internal grooves that form the food and salivary duct, with mean diameters of 0.9 and 0.47 µm, respectively. These two canals merge at a distance of 4.1 µm from the distal tip of the stylets, forming a common duct. In the EPG study, waveforms were described according to characteristics of amplitude, frequency, voltage level and electrical origin, and correlated with stylet activities based on histological analysis of salivary sheath termini in the plant tissue and similarities with EPG waveforms previously described for aphids. Five distinct waveform types were described: (C) intercellular stylet pathway through parenchyma, (D) phloem contact, (E1) salivation in the phloem sieve tubes, (E2) phloem sap ingestion, and (G) in xylem sap ingestion. Phloem sap ingestion (E2) is the main activity observed for D. citri, with an average time of 206.1 min in 8 h of recordings. Mean time to reach sieve tubes from the first probe is 154 min, after 20.3 probes. This insect shows a clear preference for young leaves of the upper portion of the plant (71.3% of the individuals), and main vein on the abaxial leaf surface (87.1%). Mature leaves show lignification in cell walls of the fiber layer adjacent to the phloem. In contrast, young leaves do not show cell wall thickening in this fiber layer, favoring stylet pathway towards the phloem. Adults of D. citri acquired L. Ca asiaticus with greater efficiency on young (asymptomatic) leaves than in mature (symptomatic) leaves from infected plants. Applying the EPG technique, it was found that young asymptomatic leaves favor phloem feeding by D. citri, since most individuals reached phloem sieve tubes and remained longer in this tissue; this was not the case for individuals confined on mature symptomatic leaves. This study shows that feeding behavior of D. citri is influenced by citrus leaf age, with implication on efficiency of bacterial acquisition from infected plants.
Silva, Rosely Pereira da. "Organogênese in vitro em laranja azeda (Citrus aurantium L.) e transformação genética de limão \'Cravo\' (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) e laranja \'Valência\' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com o gene da replicase do Marafivirus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-05082008-161738/.
Full textIn spite of great economic importance, the citrus industry is affected by many phytopathological problems some, limiting its cultivation such as virus-caused diseases. The citrus sudden death disease is related to scion/rootstock combinations and manifests symptoms in the grafting area of intolerant rootstocks. Although its etiology has not been determined, there are indications that the cause of MSC might be related to a strain of the Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), to a virus of the Marafivirus group, or to an association of both viruses. Since the genetic transformation has been considered as an auxiliary tool to programs of citrus improvement, the objectives of this work were to obtain transgenic plants of the Rangpur lime and Valencia sweet orange containing the Marafivirus replicase gene and study the in vitro regeneration of sour orange plants through organogenesis, aiming for future work in genetic transformation. Experiments for induction of in vitro organogenesis were carried out evaluating citocinins (BAP, TDZ and KIN), in different concentrations, separately or in combination with NAA, lighting conditions (photoperiod of 16 hours and darkness for 30 days), cultivation media and explants (coming from in vitro germinated plants and from green house cultivated plants). Besides this, rooting of the regenerated shoots was evaluated. For the genetic transformation, Rangpur lime and Valencia sweet orange explants were inoculated and co-cultivated with the EHA-105 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain containing the Marafivirus replicase gene (in sense and antisense sequence linked by an intron). The genetic construct used derived from the pCAMBIA 2201 plasmid, driven by the 35S promoter and NOS terminator, containing the selection nptII gene. The genetic transformation was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. The gene transcription was evaluated by RT-PCR and northern blot. The addition of BAP to the culture medium, combined or not with NAA, and in combinations with KIN, assured a greater formation of adventitious buds in sour orange epicotyl segments. However, TDZ was not favorable to this response, that is also affected by the absence of light. Explants coming from in vitro cultivation were more favorable to the organogenic response. Rooting of sour orange regenerated shoots was obtained in MT medium with half the salt concentration, with or without auxin. It was possible to obtain transgenic Rangpur lime and Valencia sweet orange plants containing the Marafivirus replicase gene using internodal segments as explants. The Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of one to four copies of the transgene in the plant genome. The transcription of the Marafivirus replicase gene and the nptII gene was observed by RT-PCR.
Vega, Rojas Sebastián Javier. "Eficiencia fotoquímica en hojas de distintas edades en naranjo (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) y vid (Vitis vinifera L.)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/148617.
Full textEn el presente estudio, se determinó: la eficiencia energética de los fotosistemas II (PSII) en naranjo y vid, por medio del quenching fotoquímico (qP) quenching no-fotoquímico (qN), la proporción de energía absorbida por las antenas de clorofila y dirigida a los centros de reacción abierto del PSII (Fv’/Fm’), y el rendimiento cuántico efectivo del fotosistema II (ΦPSII), en una especie caducifolia: vid var Chardonnay otra perenne: naranjo var Navel. Las determinaciones se realizaron en diferentes condiciones microclimáticas en los doseles de ambas especies durante la temporada (2008-2009), ambos conducidos en orientación norte-sur, en la localidad de Cerrillos de Tamaya, Provincia del Limarí, Chile. Escogiéndose cinco vides y cinco árboles de naranjo. Las determinaciones de transducción energética mediante fluorescencia de clorofilas consideraron el factor exposición de las hojas: este y oeste. Asimismo, el factor edad de la hoja, en el caso de la vid se logró seleccionando las hojas ubicadas en el nudo cuarto y décimo segundo hacia el extremo distal del brote, mientras que en el naranjo se seleccionaron hojas que se formaron en el verano (2007-2008) y formadas en la primavera (2008). La intensidad luminosa incidente en cada hoja, se determinó respetando la posición natural de la hoja, por medio de un sensor de luz PAR. Con estos valores se realizaron las determinaciones de fluorescencia de clorofilas. Este experimento se realizó en la mañana, medio día y tarde, en tres fechas diferentes. Simultáneamente se realizaron muestreos del peso específico de hoja (P.E.H.) de las hojas en ambas especies para ambos factores, edad y exposición. Este estudio denota que el naranjo tiene una capacidad para modificar sus respuestas de fluorescencia, de acuerdo al micro-ambiente del dosel donde se desarrollan sus hojas, situación no registrada en vid.
Having as a goal the characterization of the fluorometrics answers between leaves of different microclimates conditions at canopy of a deciduous species, the vineyard, versus an evergreen species, the orange tree. The investigation was done under the 2008-2009 seasons, in five Navel oranges trees of an orange orchard and five vine of the Chardonnay vineyard. Both were conducted in a North/South orientation, located in Cerrillos de Tamaya, Province of Limari, Chile. The investigation compared the fluorometrics answers: photochemical quenching (qP), non photochemical quenching (qN), the proportion of energy absorbed by the chlorophyl antennae, and then sent to the open centers reaction of the photosystem II (Fv’/Fm’) and effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII). Considering the factor of the sunlight exposition of the leaves, East and West, within the canopy of the plants. Likewise, the age factor of the leaves; in the vineyard the age separation is among the leaves located in the 4th and 12th bunch toward the distal extreme of the bud. In the orange tree, the age separation is between the leaves formed during the summer 2007-2008 in relationship to the leaves formed in the springtime in 2008. In photosynthetic photons flux density (PPFD) incident in each leaf was measured with a PAR sensor. The aim was to generate the same PPFD and in so doing, it was possible to register the fluorometrical answers. This experiment was performed in the morning, noon and afternoon hours, in three different dates. Simultaneously a sampling of the specific weight of leaves (PEH) was done in both species, for both factors, i.e., exposition and age. This study demonstrates that the orange tree has an ability to modify its answers in fluorescence, according to the microclimate of the canopy, where its leaves are developed, which is not the situation observed in the grape plant.
Richardson, Gaynor Rose-Marie. "Cell-free biosynthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) in extracts of flavedo from Citrus sinensis (L.) osbeck." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003790.
Full textCastro, Lívia Mendes de. "Isolamento, cultura de protoplastos e regeneração de plantas de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-16032010-164451/.
Full textPlant regeneration, by organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis from cell cultures and in vitro plant tissue culture is the basis for the use of biotechnology in plant breeding. Studies were conducted with five cultivars of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), Pêra, Natal, Lima Verde, Hamlin and Westin. This work aimed to evaluate the isolation efficiency of protoplasts, to evaluate platting efficiency of protoplasts based on five densities of cells and different culture media and to evaluate somatic embryogenesis based on culture medium composition and concentration. The enzymatic solutions tested were: 1. Grosser and Chandler (1987): 1% de cellulase Onozuka RS (Yakult), 1% macerase R-10 (Yakult Honsha) and 0,2% de pectoliase Y-23 (Seishin); 2. Grosser and Chandler (1987) modified: 1% de cellulase Onozuka RS (Yakult) and 1% macerase R-10 (Yakult Honsha); 3. Enzimatic solution containing 4% cellulase Onozuka R-10 (Yakult) and 1% macerase R-10. Protoplasts were cultured at densities of 2 x 104; 5 x 104; 105; 2 x 105 e 3 x 105 protoplasts.mL-1 in EME 0,7M, BH3 0,7M and BH3 + EME 0,7M, in the dark, at 25 ± 1 ºC. The enzymatic solution 2 provided higher yield for the cultivars Hamlin, Natal and Pêra, and enzymatic solution 1 resulted in better protoplast isolation for cultivar Westin. Final platting efficiency, evaluated 90 days after culture, was higher at the densities of 3 x 105 e 2 x 105 protoplasts.mL-1 for Hamlin, Natal and Lima Verde, and at the density of 2 x 105 e 105 protoplasts.mL-1 for Westin. Somatic embryogenesis stimulation occurred in cultured medium MT (MURASHIGE AND TUCKER, 1969) modified with 500 mg. L-1 of malt extract, supplemented with sucrose, galactose, glucose, maltose, lactose and sorbitol at concentrations of 18, 37, 75, 110 and 150 mM, at 27 ± 1 ºC. Somatic embryos produced varied with the genotype, the smaller number of somatic embryos was observed in cultivars Lima Verde and Westin. The best source of carbohydrate were maltose, followed by lactose at concentrations of 37 and 75 mM for cultivar Pêra, 37 mM for cultivar Natal, and 37, 75 and 110 mM for cultivar Hamlin.
Ragozo, Carlos Renato Alves [UNESP]. "Eficiência da utilização de adubos verdes em pomar de laranjeira 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103245.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da utilização de adubos verdes em pomar de laranjeira 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e foi instalado na fazenda Três Irmãos, no município de Botucatu/SP. O solo da propriedade é denominado Neossolo Quartzarênico. As plantas estão enxertadas em limoeiro 'Cravo' e foram plantadas num espaçamento de sete por quatro metros, no ano de 1996, estando com sete e oito anos de idade respectivamente nos anos de 2003 e 2004, ocasião em que foi realizado o experimento. Foram empregados quatro tratamentos correspondentes aos adubos verdes avaliados, sendo eles: feijão de porco (FP) (Canavalia ensiformis DC), labe-labe (LL) (Dolichus lablab L.), feijão guandu anão (GA) (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) e braquiária (BQ) (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich. Stapf). Os adubos verdes foram semeados no mês de dezembro dos anos de 2003 e 2004, sendo ceifados e direcionados para a linha da cultura na ocasião do pleno florescimento, o que corresponde a cento e vinte dias após a semeadura dos mesmos. Adotou-se os mesmos tratos culturais indicados para a cultura, nos dois anos de experimentação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições, duas plantas úteis para as avaliações, completamente rodeadas por plantas bordadura. As características avaliadas foram: análise química de solo nas linhas e entrelinhas da cultura, diagnose foliar, diagnóstico nutricional através do DRIS (Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação), circunferência do tronco (cm), volume de copa (m3), índice relativo de clorofila (índice Spad), peso médio dos frutos (g) número de frutos por caixa, rendimento de suco (%), acidez total (g de ácido cítrico / 100g de polpa), sólidos solúveis totais (SS), ratio, produtividade, porcentagem de matéria seca dos adubos verdes...
The purpose of the experimental was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of the green manures on an orchard planted with orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. 'Pera' and was carried out in a farm named 'Três Irmãos', situated in Botucatu/SP/Brazil. The soil is Oxic Quartzipsamments. Plants are grafted on 'Cravo' lemon tree and were planted spaced 7 x 4 m apart, in 1996, and were seven and eight years old in 2003 and 2004, respectively when the experiment was conducted. Four different treatments were applied corresponding to the three green manures: jack bean (FP) (Canavalia ensiformis DC), lab-lab (LL) (Dolichus lablab L.), dwarf guandu (GA) (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) and brachiaria (BQ) (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich. Stapf) as a control. They were sown on December, 2003 and 2004, being mowed and directed to the line plants by the occasion of the full flowering, wich happened one hundred and twenty days after sowing. The same treatments were utilized in both experimental years. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four treatments, six replications, and two useful plants per plot. Characteristics evaluated were: chemical analysis of the soil over the planting lines and in the middle of the citrus orchard rows, chemical analysis of the leaves, nutritional diagnosis through the DRIS, trunk circumference (cm), volume of the canopy (m3), relative index of chlorophyll (SPAD index), average fruits weight (g), number of fruits per boxes, juice content (%), total acidity (g of citric acid / 100 g of pulp), total soluble solids, ratio, productivity, percentage of dry matter and the contents of macro and micronutrients in the green manures and control (BQ). The results obtained allowed the following conclusions: the nutritional diagnosis elaborated through DRIS showed...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Ragozo, Carlos Renato Alves 1970. "Eficiência da utilização de adubos verdes em pomar de laranjeira 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103245.
Full textBanca: Sérgio Lázaro de Lima
Banca: João Domingos Rodrigues
Banca: José Eduardo Creste
Banca: José Orlando de Figueiredo
Resumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência da utilização de adubos verdes em pomar de laranjeira 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e foi instalado na fazenda Três Irmãos, no município de Botucatu/SP. O solo da propriedade é denominado Neossolo Quartzarênico. As plantas estão enxertadas em limoeiro 'Cravo' e foram plantadas num espaçamento de sete por quatro metros, no ano de 1996, estando com sete e oito anos de idade respectivamente nos anos de 2003 e 2004, ocasião em que foi realizado o experimento. Foram empregados quatro tratamentos correspondentes aos adubos verdes avaliados, sendo eles: feijão de porco (FP) (Canavalia ensiformis DC), labe-labe (LL) (Dolichus lablab L.), feijão guandu anão (GA) (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) e braquiária (BQ) (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich. Stapf). Os adubos verdes foram semeados no mês de dezembro dos anos de 2003 e 2004, sendo ceifados e direcionados para a linha da cultura na ocasião do pleno florescimento, o que corresponde a cento e vinte dias após a semeadura dos mesmos. Adotou-se os mesmos tratos culturais indicados para a cultura, nos dois anos de experimentação. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições, duas plantas úteis para as avaliações, completamente rodeadas por plantas bordadura. As características avaliadas foram: análise química de solo nas linhas e entrelinhas da cultura, diagnose foliar, diagnóstico nutricional através do DRIS (Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação), circunferência do tronco (cm), volume de copa (m3), índice relativo de clorofila (índice Spad), peso médio dos frutos (g) número de frutos por caixa, rendimento de suco (%), acidez total (g de ácido cítrico / 100g de polpa), sólidos solúveis totais (SS), ratio, produtividade, porcentagem de matéria seca dos adubos verdes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of the experimental was to evaluate the efficiency of the use of the green manures on an orchard planted with orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. 'Pera' and was carried out in a farm named 'Três Irmãos', situated in Botucatu/SP/Brazil. The soil is Oxic Quartzipsamments. Plants are grafted on 'Cravo' lemon tree and were planted spaced 7 x 4 m apart, in 1996, and were seven and eight years old in 2003 and 2004, respectively when the experiment was conducted. Four different treatments were applied corresponding to the three green manures: jack bean (FP) (Canavalia ensiformis DC), lab-lab (LL) (Dolichus lablab L.), dwarf guandu (GA) (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) and brachiaria (BQ) (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich. Stapf) as a control. They were sown on December, 2003 and 2004, being mowed and directed to the line plants by the occasion of the full flowering, wich happened one hundred and twenty days after sowing. The same treatments were utilized in both experimental years. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four treatments, six replications, and two useful plants per plot. Characteristics evaluated were: chemical analysis of the soil over the planting lines and in the middle of the citrus orchard rows, chemical analysis of the leaves, nutritional diagnosis through the DRIS, trunk circumference (cm), volume of the canopy (m3), relative index of chlorophyll (SPAD index), average fruits weight (g), number of fruits per boxes, juice content (%), total acidity (g of citric acid / 100 g of pulp), total soluble solids, ratio, productivity, percentage of dry matter and the contents of macro and micronutrients in the green manures and control (BQ). The results obtained allowed the following conclusions: the nutritional diagnosis elaborated through DRIS showed...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Cavallini, Juliana da Silva [UNESP]. "Expressão gênica diferencial de laranja Pêra Rio (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e Lima Ácida 'Galego' (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) em resposta à infecção por Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108432.
Full textA citricultura é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro, porém o aumento de doenças na última década tem causado grandes prejuízos a toda a cadeia produtiva. A doença cancro cítrico, causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) é um grave problema para o setor, não havendo até o momento método eficaz para o seu controle. Nesse estudo, utilizando RNASeq, foram analisados os perfis transcricionais de dois genótipos hospedeiros contrastantes à doença: laranja doce Pêra-Rio (PR) moderadamente resistente, e Lima Ácida Galego (LG), altamente suscetível, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a infecção com Xac, no intuito de identificar genes das plantas envolvidos na interação patógeno-hospedeiro. Foram encontrados 6.330, 3.478 e 6.795 genes diferencialmente expressos (GDEs) na espécie moderadamente resistente PR, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a inoculação com Xac, respectivamente, quando comparados com seus controles. Na espécie altamente suscetível Limão Galego foram identificados 1.491, 5.621 e 2.145 GDEs após 24, 48 e 72 horas da inoculação com Xac, respectivamente. Através do programa Blast2GO, genes e vias metabólicas de fotossíntese, sinalização celular, síntese hormonais, fatores de transcrição, entre outros, foram encontrados. Esse estudo revelou diferenças associadas à resistência e desenvolvimento a nível molecular em PR e LG em resposta ao cancro cítrico, demonstrando que na espécie moderadamente resistente há uma maior ativação dos mecanismos de defesa. Tais estudos podem ser utilizados para o desenvolvimento de plantas de citros com adequado nível de resistência ao cancro cítrico
The citrus agribusiness is very important to the Brazilian economy, but the increase of diseases in the last decade has caused great economic losses to the sector. The citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), is a serious disease that attacks all citrus species economically important worldwide and there is not an effective method for its control. In this study, RNASeq was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of two contrasting citrus genotypes regarding citrus canker susceptibility: sweet orange Pêra Rio (PR), moderately resistant, and Mexican lime ‘Galego´ (ML), highly susceptible. Gene expression were performed in a HiScanSQ System (Illumina) using total RNA isolated from leaves collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, with leaves inoculated with water been used as control. It were found 6,330, 3,478 and 6,795 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) in moderately resistant PR specie at 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, respectively, when compared with their controls. In the specie highly susceptible ML, it was identified 1,491, 5,621 and 2,145 DGEs after 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, respectively. Through the program Blast2GO, genes and metabolic pathways related to photosynthesis, cell signaling, hormone synthesis, transcription factors, among others, were found as involved in plant defense. This study revealed differences at the molecular level between PR and ML in response to citrus canker, showing that in the specie moderately resistant there is a greater activation of host defense mechanisms. Such informations can be used for the development of citrus plants with an adequate level of resistance to citrus canker
Cavallini, Juliana da Silva. "Expressão gênica diferencial de laranja Pêra Rio (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) e Lima Ácida 'Galego' (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) em resposta à infecção por Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/108432.
Full textCoorientador: José Belasque Júnior
Banca: Rui Leite Pereira
Banca: Poliana Fernanda Gachetto
Resumo: A citricultura é uma das principais atividades do agronegócio brasileiro, porém o aumento de doenças na última década tem causado grandes prejuízos a toda a cadeia produtiva. A doença cancro cítrico, causada pela bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac) é um grave problema para o setor, não havendo até o momento método eficaz para o seu controle. Nesse estudo, utilizando RNASeq, foram analisados os perfis transcricionais de dois genótipos hospedeiros contrastantes à doença: laranja doce Pêra-Rio (PR) moderadamente resistente, e Lima Ácida Galego (LG), altamente suscetível, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a infecção com Xac, no intuito de identificar genes das plantas envolvidos na interação patógeno-hospedeiro. Foram encontrados 6.330, 3.478 e 6.795 genes diferencialmente expressos (GDEs) na espécie moderadamente resistente PR, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a inoculação com Xac, respectivamente, quando comparados com seus controles. Na espécie altamente suscetível Limão Galego foram identificados 1.491, 5.621 e 2.145 GDEs após 24, 48 e 72 horas da inoculação com Xac, respectivamente. Através do programa Blast2GO, genes e vias metabólicas de fotossíntese, sinalização celular, síntese hormonais, fatores de transcrição, entre outros, foram encontrados. Esse estudo revelou diferenças associadas à resistência e desenvolvimento a nível molecular em PR e LG em resposta ao cancro cítrico, demonstrando que na espécie moderadamente resistente há uma maior ativação dos mecanismos de defesa. Tais estudos podem ser utilizados para o desenvolvimento de plantas de citros com adequado nível de resistência ao cancro cítrico
Abstract: The citrus agribusiness is very important to the Brazilian economy, but the increase of diseases in the last decade has caused great economic losses to the sector. The citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), is a serious disease that attacks all citrus species economically important worldwide and there is not an effective method for its control. In this study, RNASeq was used to analyze the transcriptional profiles of two contrasting citrus genotypes regarding citrus canker susceptibility: sweet orange Pêra Rio (PR), moderately resistant, and Mexican lime 'Galego' (ML), highly susceptible. Gene expression were performed in a HiScanSQ System (Illumina) using total RNA isolated from leaves collected 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, with leaves inoculated with water been used as control. It were found 6,330, 3,478 and 6,795 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) in moderately resistant PR specie at 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, respectively, when compared with their controls. In the specie highly susceptible ML, it was identified 1,491, 5,621 and 2,145 DGEs after 24, 48 and 72 hours after Xac inoculation, respectively. Through the program Blast2GO, genes and metabolic pathways related to photosynthesis, cell signaling, hormone synthesis, transcription factors, among others, were found as involved in plant defense. This study revealed differences at the molecular level between PR and ML in response to citrus canker, showing that in the specie moderately resistant there is a greater activation of host defense mechanisms. Such informations can be used for the development of citrus plants with an adequate level of resistance to citrus canker
Mestre
Cofre, Teresa Del Carmen Gabriel [UNESP]. "Transcriptoma (RNA-seq) de laranja doce Valência (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) e Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) infectadas por Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92721.
Full textDentre as diversas doenças que ocorrem na citricultura, o cancro cítrico é uma das principais, considerada economicamente importante e com impactos diretos e indiretos no setor citrícola mundial. O agente causal do cancro cítrico é a bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), a qual afeta uma ampla gama de espécies e variedades de citros. A variedade de laranja doce Valência (Citrus sinensis) é considerada moderadamente suscetível ao cancro cítrico e a Rutaceae Kumquat (Fortunella spp.), por outro lado, é considerada altamente resistente. Objetivando gerar informações acerca dos mecanismos moleculares que resultam em diferenças quanto à suscetibilidade de plantas a patógenos, no presente estudo fez-se uso de uma nova plataforma de sequenciamento de transcriptoma (RNA-seq) para análise da expressão gênica de Valência e Kumquat após infecção por Xac nos tempos de 24, 48 e 72 horas. Foram identificados 2.953 e 4.111 transcritos induzidos em Valência e Kumquat, respectivamente. Dos transcritos reprimidos Kumquat apresentou 11.041 e Valência 1.930. Na comparação da expressão gênica temporal, Kumquat apresentou muitos transcritos induzidos em comum em todos os tempos de infecção, alguns deles relacionados à percepção de sinais (receptores do tipo quinase) e também envolvidos na defesa de plantas [(como proteínas relacionadas à patogênese (PRs)]. Foram identificados exclusivamente em Kumquat transcritos que codificam para a proteína germin, possivelmente envolvida na resposta de defesa à Xac. Nas comparações entre espécies, em Kumquat observou-se alta expressão de proteínas relacionadas à síntese de metabólitos secundários, como alcaloides e monoterpenos. Em Valência, nos tempos iniciais de 24 e 48 horas após a inoculação de Xac, observou-se alta expressão de cisteína proteinases, as quais comumente...
Among the various diseases that occur in Citrus spp., citrus canker is a serious disease, considered economically important with direct impact on the citrus sector. The causal agent of citrus canker is the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), and it affects a wide range of Citrus spp.. Sweet orange Valencia Citrus sinensis is considered moderately susceptible to Citrus canker and the Rutaceae Kumquat Fortunella spp. is considered highly resistant. To understand the molecular mechanisms that distinguish plant resistance in plant pathogen interaction, the present study used a new transcriptome sequencing platform (RNA-seq) to analyze gene expression of Valencia and Kumquat after infection by Xac post 24, 48 and 72 hours. We identified 2,953 and 4,111 transcripts induced in Valencia and Kumquat, respectively. Among repressed transcripts Kumquat showed 11,041 and Valencia 1,930. In the comparison of temporal expression between the evaluated times, Kumquat presented many transcripts induced in common at all times of infection that are related to signal perception, as receptors kinase and plant defense proteins as pathogenesis related proteins (PRs). Were found exclusively in Kumquat transcripts that encode for protein Germin possibly involved in defense response to Xac. In the analysis between species, for Kumquat were found a high expression of proteins related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids and monoterpenes. These products may be mediated by biotic factors such as pathogen attack, so the high expression of genes related to metabolic production of these can be related to plant defense. Valencia presented at 24 and 48 hours high expression of cysteine proteinases. These are involved in reconstruction and degradation of proteins in response to different stimuli and also... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Cofre, Teresa Del Carmen Gabriel. "Transcriptoma (RNA-seq) de laranja doce Valência (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) e Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) infectadas por Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri /." Araraquara, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92721.
Full textCoorientador: José Belasque Junior
Banca: Jesus Aparecido Ferro
Banca: Nelson Arno Wulff
Resumo: Dentre as diversas doenças que ocorrem na citricultura, o cancro cítrico é uma das principais, considerada economicamente importante e com impactos diretos e indiretos no setor citrícola mundial. O agente causal do cancro cítrico é a bactéria Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), a qual afeta uma ampla gama de espécies e variedades de citros. A variedade de laranja doce Valência (Citrus sinensis) é considerada moderadamente suscetível ao cancro cítrico e a Rutaceae Kumquat (Fortunella spp.), por outro lado, é considerada altamente resistente. Objetivando gerar informações acerca dos mecanismos moleculares que resultam em diferenças quanto à suscetibilidade de plantas a patógenos, no presente estudo fez-se uso de uma nova plataforma de sequenciamento de transcriptoma (RNA-seq) para análise da expressão gênica de Valência e Kumquat após infecção por Xac nos tempos de 24, 48 e 72 horas. Foram identificados 2.953 e 4.111 transcritos induzidos em Valência e Kumquat, respectivamente. Dos transcritos reprimidos Kumquat apresentou 11.041 e Valência 1.930. Na comparação da expressão gênica temporal, Kumquat apresentou muitos transcritos induzidos em comum em todos os tempos de infecção, alguns deles relacionados à percepção de sinais (receptores do tipo quinase) e também envolvidos na defesa de plantas [(como proteínas relacionadas à patogênese (PRs)]. Foram identificados exclusivamente em Kumquat transcritos que codificam para a proteína germin, possivelmente envolvida na resposta de defesa à Xac. Nas comparações entre espécies, em Kumquat observou-se alta expressão de proteínas relacionadas à síntese de metabólitos secundários, como alcaloides e monoterpenos. Em Valência, nos tempos iniciais de 24 e 48 horas após a inoculação de Xac, observou-se alta expressão de cisteína proteinases, as quais comumente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Among the various diseases that occur in Citrus spp., citrus canker is a serious disease, considered economically important with direct impact on the citrus sector. The causal agent of citrus canker is the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xac), and it affects a wide range of Citrus spp.. Sweet orange Valencia Citrus sinensis is considered moderately susceptible to Citrus canker and the Rutaceae Kumquat Fortunella spp. is considered highly resistant. To understand the molecular mechanisms that distinguish plant resistance in plant pathogen interaction, the present study used a new transcriptome sequencing platform (RNA-seq) to analyze gene expression of Valencia and Kumquat after infection by Xac post 24, 48 and 72 hours. We identified 2,953 and 4,111 transcripts induced in Valencia and Kumquat, respectively. Among repressed transcripts Kumquat showed 11,041 and Valencia 1,930. In the comparison of temporal expression between the evaluated times, Kumquat presented many transcripts induced in common at all times of infection that are related to signal perception, as receptors kinase and plant defense proteins as pathogenesis related proteins (PRs). Were found exclusively in Kumquat transcripts that encode for protein Germin possibly involved in defense response to Xac. In the analysis between species, for Kumquat were found a high expression of proteins related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids and monoterpenes. These products may be mediated by biotic factors such as pathogen attack, so the high expression of genes related to metabolic production of these can be related to plant defense. Valencia presented at 24 and 48 hours high expression of cysteine proteinases. These are involved in reconstruction and degradation of proteins in response to different stimuli and also... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Silva, Andreia Aparecida Ferreira. "Irrigação com esgoto doméstico tratado em área cultivada com laranja." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154362.
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Dentre as alternativas propostas para conter a crise hídrica, está à utilização de esgoto doméstico tratado (EDT) na agricultura, sendo esta uma proposta eficiente na preservação dos recursos naturais disponíveis tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativamente. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os parâmetros químicos do solo cultivado com laranjeiras e irrigado com esgoto doméstico tratado via gotejamento superficial e subsuperficial. As avaliações foram conduzidas na Fazenda Lagoa Bonita/UNASP em Engenheiro Coelho, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em faixas de cultivo no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, o experimento constituído por 5 tratamentos com 5 repetições, totalizando 25 unidades experimentais. Nas parcelas foram avaliadas as duas qualidades de água (esgoto doméstico tratado – EDT, e água de reservatório – AR) e nas subparcelas o sistema de gotejamento superficial, o sistema de gotejamento subsuperficial; e a testemunha sem irrigação. Foram realizadas análises de solo, água de reservatório e EDT e também dos frutos para verificação das características químicas e de produtividade. O tratamento irrigação subsuperficial com aplicação de água foi o que apresentou as maiores médias para o pH, Ca na profundidade de 0,20 m, Mg nas profundidades de 0,20 e 0,40m também MO. O tratamento irrigação subsuperficial com aplicação de efluente apresentou as menores médias para o pH, Ca e Mg nas profundiades de 0,20 e 0,60m. O tratamento sem irrigação apresentou as maiores médias para o NO₃⁻, S, Zn e B e o tratamento subsuperficial apresentou as maiores médias para NH₄⁺e Mn. Há que se considerar que durante o ciclo da cultura houve um grande volume de precipitação que pode ter interferido diretamente na movimentação dos nutrientes no solo e consequentemente afetado a produtividade da planta. A aplicação do efluente quando comparado a água apresentou as maiores médias para as variáveis: NH₄⁺, Cu, Zn, Fe e Mn. O presente trabalho apresentou resultados promissores em relação à irrigação da cultura da laranja com EDT via irrigação superficial e subsuperficial, porém sugere-se, trabalhos futuros, estudos em longo prazo que detalhem de forma mais minuciosa o balanço de nutrientes realmente aplicados no solo.
Scotton, Juliana Cristina [UNESP]. "Manejo de transição para agricultura orgânica, sob cultivo de citros (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), favorece a diversidade de fungos no solo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139473.
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A transformação da produção agrícola atual de forma sustentável e produtiva se caracteriza como um dos maiores desafios da atualidade. A transição de manejos convencionais para aqueles mais sustentáveis é uma alternativa de transformação, na qual as plantas se tornam mais dependentes das interações microbianas, constituindo-se um fator chave no controle da produtividade e da qualidade nos ecossistemas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do manejo de transição, da agricultura convencional para a agricultura orgânica, sobre a diversidade de fungos do solo, em cultivo de citros. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental de citros na Fazendo Santo Antonio do Lageado em Mogi Guaçu-SP. O delineamento utilizado foi em faixas contemplando dois tratamentos, manejo convencional (MC) e manejo de transição (MT) com quatro anos de implantação, avaliados no período seco e úmido, sob os parâmetros de número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC), riqueza e diversidade dos principais grupos de fungos, parâmetros micorrízicos e físico-químicos do solo. Os dados individuais foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste t. A associação das variáveis microbiológicas e físico-químicas do solo foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, sendo ambos os testes a 5% de probabilidade. Além disso, foi utilizada a análise de componentes principais para interpretação geral dos dados. As contagens de UFC não apresentaram diferenças entre tratamentos nos períodos avaliados, no entanto o MT demonstrou maior riqueza e diversidade de grupos fúngicos no solo em ambos os períodos. Foram identificados 11 táxons distintos, dentre eles Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Metarhizium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp., Neurospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Dematiáceos, Leveduras e Mucoromycotina. A frequência fúngica demonstrou predominância de Paecilomyces spp. para o MC, com 45% de isolados deste gênero, enquanto a distribuição do MT se mostrou mais equilibrada em termos de gêneros. Nos parâmetros micorrízicos, houve maior esporulação no MT para o período seco. As correlações de Pearson indicaram que enxofre (S), alumínio (Al), capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC), temperatura e textura foram os parâmetros que mais apresentaram associações com os fungos avaliados. A análise de componentes principais, revelou distinção entre os tratamentos e períodos. Perante os resultados obtidos sugere-se que a maior diversidade no MT expressa maior estabilidade e eficiência na utilização de recursos disponíveis, além de ser mais eficiente na propagação de fungos micorrízicos, por meio de esporos.
The productive and sustainable changing of the current agricultural production is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The transition from conventional agriculture to sustainable models is an alternative, which plants become more dependent for microbial interactions. That is a key factor for agricultural yield and quality in the ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of transition management, from conventional agriculture to organic farming, on the soil fungal diversity in citrus cultivation. This experiment was performed in a citrus orchard settled at the Santo Antonio do Lageado farm, in Mogi Guaçu-SP. The design was in strip with two treatments, conventional management (CM) and transition management (TM). This assay has been conducted for four years and the present data refers to one year, assessed at the dry and wet season. The amount of colony forming units (CFU), richness and diversity of the major groups of fungi, mycorrhizal and physico-chemical parameters of the soil were applied. The individual data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by t test. The correlation of the soil microbiological and the physico-chemical attributes were tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient, all of them under probability of 5%. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to get a general overview of the data. The count UFC data showed no difference between treatments in the evaluated periods. However, the TM showed greater richness and diversity of the soil fungi groups at the both periods. We identified 11 distinct fungal taxa, including Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Metarhizium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp., Neurospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Dematiaceous, Yeasts and Mucoromycotina. The fungal frequency showed predominance of the Paecilomyces spp. in the MC, with 45% among the all isolated genera. In the TM the Paecilomyces spp. showed more balanced amount in terms of genera. There was a higher mycorrhizal sporulation in the TM at the dry season. The Pearson's correlations indicated that the sulfur (S), aluminum (Al), capacity of cation exchange (CEC), temperature and texture, were those that most correlated with the fungi of this study. The principal component analysis revealed distinction between treatments and season. By these results we suggest that higher diversity of fungal groups in the TM point out higher stability and efficient use of the available resources. In addition, the TM showed more efficient propagation of mycorrhizal fungi, considering it higher amount of spores.
Scotton, Juliana Cristina. "Manejo de transição para agricultura orgânica, sob cultivo de citros (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), favorece a diversidade de fungos no solo /." Rio Claro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/139473.
Full textBanca: Katia Cristina Kupper
Banca: Andre Rodrigues
Resumo: A transformação da produção agrícola atual de forma sustentável e produtiva se caracteriza como um dos maiores desafios da atualidade. A transição de manejos convencionais para aqueles mais sustentáveis é uma alternativa de transformação, na qual as plantas se tornam mais dependentes das interações microbianas, constituindo-se um fator chave no controle da produtividade e da qualidade nos ecossistemas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do manejo de transição, da agricultura convencional para a agricultura orgânica, sobre a diversidade de fungos do solo, em cultivo de citros. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental de citros na Fazendo Santo Antonio do Lageado em Mogi Guaçu-SP. O delineamento utilizado foi em faixas contemplando dois tratamentos, manejo convencional (MC) e manejo de transição (MT) com quatro anos de implantação, avaliados no período seco e úmido, sob os parâmetros de número de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC), riqueza e diversidade dos principais grupos de fungos, parâmetros micorrízicos e físico-químicos do solo. Os dados individuais foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste t. A associação das variáveis microbiológicas e físico-químicas do solo foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, sendo ambos os testes a 5% de probabilidade. Além disso, foi utilizada a análise de componentes principais para interpretação geral dos dados. As contagens de UFC não apresentaram diferenças entre tratamentos nos períodos avaliados, no entanto o MT demonstrou maior riqueza e diversidade de grupos fúngicos no solo em ambos os períodos. Foram identificados 11 táxons distintos, dentre eles Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Metarhizium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp., ... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The productive and sustainable changing of the current agricultural production is one of the greatest challenges of our time. The transition from conventional agriculture to sustainable models is an alternative, which plants become more dependent for microbial interactions. That is a key factor for agricultural yield and quality in the ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of transition management, from conventional agriculture to organic farming, on the soil fungal diversity in citrus cultivation. This experiment was performed in a citrus orchard settled at the Santo Antonio do Lageado farm, in Mogi Guaçu-SP. The design was in strip with two treatments, conventional management (CM) and transition management (TM). This assay has been conducted for four years and the present data refers to one year, assessed at the dry and wet season. The amount of colony forming units (CFU), richness and diversity of the major groups of fungi, mycorrhizal and physico-chemical parameters of the soil were applied. The individual data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by t test. The correlation of the soil microbiological and the physico-chemical attributes were tested by the Pearson correlation coefficient, all of them under probability of 5%. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to get a general overview of the data. The count UFC data showed no difference between treatments in the evaluated periods. However, the TM showed greater richness and diversity of the soil fungi groups at the both periods. We identified 11 distinct fungal taxa, including Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Metarhizium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Penicillium spp., Phialophora spp., Neurospora spp., Trichoderma spp., Dematiaceous, Yeasts and Mucoromycotina. The fungal frequency showed ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Silva, Aldilane Mendonça da. "Diagnostico nutricional de pomares de laranja pêra [citrus sinensis (l.) Osbeck] na região de Manaus - AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3027.
Full textCAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O diagnóstico nutricional é fundamental na condução de um pomar cítrico, pois o manejo nutricional é um importante fator de produção, principalmente na região norte onde os solos apresentam elevada acidez e baixa reserva de nutrientes. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o estado nutricional de pomares de laranjeira pêra na região de Manaus, mediante análise de solo e foliar. Foram selecionados 5 pomares comerciais, nos municípios de Manaus, Rio Preto da Eva, Iranduba, Manacapuru e Presidente Figueiredo. Cada pomar foi dividido em glebas, sendo que cada gleba foi formada por quatro plantas de laranja Pêra , enxertadas sobre o limão Cravo . No total foram avaliadas 80 glebas no ano de 2010. Em cada gleba foram coletadas amostras de solo (0-20 e 20-40 cm) e amostras de folhas em ramos frutíferos. Os resultados indicaram que as condições de manejo da cultura realizada pelos citricultores da região de Manaus são diferentes para cada município. Que a dose de calcário aplicada pelos citricultores da região de Manaus está acima da dose recomendada. Quanto à análise de solo de (0-20 e 20-40 cm) as mesmas apontaram deficiência de P e K e excesso de S. Enquanto que a análise foliar indicou deficiência em Mn, Zn, Ca, B, K e S e excesso de N e P. Dessa forma, os resultados permitem concluir que houve um diagnóstico diferente entre a análise foliar e de solo quanto aos nutrientes P e S.
Souza, Layanne Batista. "Mapeamento genético de híbridos intraespecíficos de laranja doce [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck], obtidos por cruzamentos controlados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-22112010-163513/.
Full textDespite the prominence of the citrus sector in São Paulo and Brazil, there is a serious vulnerability for the cultivation of orange, which is guided by the use of a few commercial varieties. Orange breeding programs that make use of controlled breeding are hampered mainly by the problems of polyembryony and the presence of long juvenile cycle, which impair the obtainment of hybrid plants through controlled crossings as well as taking a long time for the conclusion of a cycle of recombination and selection. The goal of this study was the construction of a linkage map using a population of 144 hybrids from crosses between Tobias sweet orange (CN 1392 and CN 1393), which present short juvenile cycle, and Pêra-de-Abril sweet orange, variety with monoembryonic seeds. The linkage map was constructed based on molecular markers SSR and TRAP using two softwares (JoinMap and Onemap). The genetic map obtained by JoinMap showed 85 (61%) markers arranged in 13 linkage groups totalizing 634cM, with the distance between adjacent markers ranging from 0 to 29 cM. The sizes of individual linkage groups ranged from 8-85 cM and a total of 55 (39%) markers could not be linked to the map. With the software OneMap 87 (62%) markers were linked in 16 linkage groups, totalizing 1.100 cM, with the distances between adjacent markers ranging from 0 to 36 cM. The sizes of individual linkage groups ranged from 8-205 cM. A total of 53 (38%) markers could not be linked on the map. The mark related to flowering, which is the phenotypic character of interest, was found using the software OneMap. There was similarity between the linkage maps of intraspecific hybrids of sweet orange built with JoinMap and OneMap softwares. The distinction found was mainly due to the markers with segregation distortion
Oliveira, Maria Luiza Peixoto de. "Morfogênese in vitro e transformação genética de laranja ‘Pêra’ [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.], mediada por Agrobacterium." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2004. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10500.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A transformação genética está se tornando, cada vez mais, uma ferramenta importante em programas de melhoramento genético de diversas espécies, sendo uma alternativa para a incorporação de gene(s) exógeno(s) no genoma da planta, modificando características de interesse. Para citros, essa ferramenta permite romper barreiras naturais dessa espécie, visto que o desenvolvimento de novas variedades pelo melhoramento convencional possui uma série de limitações impostas pela sua biologia reprodutiva. Entretanto, os protocolos de transformação genética requerem, primariamente, o estabelecimento de um eficiente sistema de morfogênese in vitro para que o sucesso do método de transformação seja alcançado. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o estabelecimento das melhores condições de cultivo in vitro para a organogênese e a posterior adequação de uma metodologia eficiente de transformação genética para a variedade de laranja-doce [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] ‘Pêra’. Na avaliação das melhores condições da organogênese in vitro, segmentos de epicótilos foram introduzidos em meio de cultura MT contendo diferentes concentrações de BAP. A concentração de 1,0 mg L -1 de BAP utilizada na fase de indução de brotações assegurou as melhores freqüências de organogênese. Foram também estudados fatores que possam influenciar o processo de transformação genética de citros via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, utilizando epicótilos de laranja ‘Pêra’ como fonte de explante. Os fatores testados foram: tempo de inoculação com Agrobacterium, o período de co-cultivo e a presença de auxina no meio de pré-cultivo. O protocolo otimizado para a transformação genética de laranja ‘Pêra’ foi a imersão do explante em uma solução contendo Agrobacterium, por um tempo de 5 minutos, seguido de um período de co-cultivo de 2 dias em meio de cultura contendo 100 μM de acetoseringona e transferidos para o meio de seleção, constituído do meio MT e ainda de 75 mg L -1 de canamicina, 500 mg L -1 de Timetin ® e 1 mg L -1 de BAP.
Genetic transformation is a technique whose importance is increasing as an important tool for breeding programs of several species, being a reliable alternative for introducing characteristics of interest. For citrus, this tool helps to overcome natural reproductive barriers, the obtention of new cultivars by conventional breeding methods has several constraints, mainly linked to its reproductive biology. However, genetic transformation protocols demand, primarily, the establishment of efficient regeneration systems, in order to guarantee the success of transformation method. The objective of the present work was to establish promotive conditions for a reliable in vitro regeneration system from epicotyl explants, and further adequate an efficient and reproducinle transformation methodology for a sweet orange variety [Citrus sinensis L. (Osb.) ‘Pêra’]. For organogenesis, epicotyl explants were cultured onto a MT medium containing different BAP concentrations. For induction phase, 1.0 mg L -1 BAP enabled higher regeneration frequencies of adventitious shoots. Also, factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated transformation efficiency were tested, as follows: incubation period with bacteria, co-culture period, and the presence of auxin in the pre-culture step. The following conditions generated and optimized protocol for ‘Pêra’ transformation: immersion for 5 minutes of the explants in a diluted Agrobacterium suspension; a 2-days co-culture period in a 100 μM acetoseryngone-supplemented medium; transfer for a selective regeneration MT-based medium, supplemented with 1.0 mg L -1 BAP, 75 mg L -1 kanamycin, and 500 mg L -1 Timentin ® .
Rebolledo, Roa Alexander. "Factores hormonales y nutricionales en el desarrollo del fruto de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. variedad Salustiana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1884.
Full textRebolledo Roa, A. (2006). Factores hormonales y nutricionales en el desarrollo del fruto de Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck. variedad Salustiana [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1884
Palancia
Jamett, Honorato Paula. "Efecto de la estiba en la efectividad del desverdizado de limones (Citrus limón L. Burm) var. fino 49 y naranjas (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) var. Lane late." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/112370.
Full textLimones de la variedad Fino 49 y naranjas variedad Lane Late, cosechados en la zona de Quillota y Región Metropolitana respectivamente, fueron sometidos a desverdizado con etileno en flujo continuo entre 3,5 y 5 ppm, 22 y 24º C, 0,2% de CO2, por 48 horas bajo 3 disposiciones de estiba: (1) estiba tradicional, (2) estiba tapando espacios libres entre bins y entre patines de cada bin y (3) estibando con un tubo central ranurado en cada bin. Al finalizar la desverdización los frutos se almacenaron a 7º C (limones) y 5º C (naranjas) y humedad relativa cercana al 90% por 21 días. Se realizaron evaluaciones en el color verde, amarillo y anaranjado utilizando el índice de color (IC), tonalidad Hab, incremento de color (DC) y color de fondo. También se analizó deshidratación, jugosidad, acidez (AT), sólidos solubles (% SS), relación SS/AT y abscisión de cáliz. Los períodos de evaluación fueron: a la salida de la cámara de desverdizado, 7, 14 y 21 días de almacenaje refrigerado. Los parámetros de calidad como acidez, sólidos solubles, jugosidad e índice de madurez no sufrieron cambios significativos en ninguna de las especies. No se produjeron pérdidas significativas por ataques fúngicos, ni por desórdenes fisiológicos. Las pérdidas por deshidratación no superaron el 0,6 % finalizada la desverdización. No se produjeron pérdidas significativas por deshidratación durante el almacenaje. En limones se produjeron diferencias significativas en el color verde y amarillo a los 7 días de almacenaje. Los índices tonalidad Hab e incremento de color reflejaron dicha diferencia. La estiba tradicional no genera en limones una mejor degradación en el color verde, pero sí un mejor desarrollo del color amarillo. En naranjas, el tipo de estiba no genera mejores resultados en la uniformidad del color.
Lemons variety Fino 49 and oranges variety Lane Late collected in Quillota zone and region Metropolitana respectively, were subjected to degreening, with continuous flow of ethylene, in the following conditions: 3,5 and 5 ppm ethylene with 0,2% CO2, at temperatures of 22 and 24 ºC respectively, for 48 hours. Three stowage dispositions were used: traditional one, tight packing covering spaces between bins and between skids of each bin, and finally stowage using a central tube with a groove for every bin. At the end of the degreening, the fruits were stored at 4,5 and 7º C temperature, with a relative humidity of about 90%, for 21 days. Evaluations of green, yellow and orange colours were realized, using colour index, Hue, increase of colour intensity and background of colour. Also dehydration level, juiciness, acidity, soluble solids, SS/AT relation and chalice abscission were evaluated. Evaluation times were: at the moment of getting out from the degreening, at 7, 14 and 21 days of cold storage. Quality parameters as acidity, soluble solids, juiciness and maturity index were not significantly different in none of the species. Also there was no significant fruit lose due to fungal attack or physiological problems that appear during storage. Loses by dehydration were than 0,6 % at the moment finishing the degreening, there were no significant losses due to dehydration during storage. Considering lemons, significant in green and yellow colour difference appeared after 7 days of storage. Hab index and colour increase were closely reflecting this difference. For lemons, the traditional stowage does not generate a better degradation in green colour, but a better development of yellow colour. In oranges, the type of stowage no better results in the uniformity of colour.
Blumer, Silvia. "Citrandarins e outros híbridos de trifoliata como porta-enxertos nanicantes para a laranjeira 'Valência' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-02062005-170523/.
Full textValência sweet orange trees budded onto citrandarins and others trifoliate hybrids rootstocks were planted in 1988 on a sandy textured Oxisol in São Paulo state, Brazil, and managed without irrigation. Tristeza and blight diseases are endemic in the area. Trees on Sunki x English (1628), Cleopatra x Rubidoux (1660) and Cleopatra x English (710), produced the highest cumulative yields in the first five and in the thirteen crops. Carrizo and Troyer citranges gave the lowest productions in the first five yields but were similar to Sunki x English (1628) in 13-years cumulative yields. Clementine x Trifoliate (1615), Cleopatra x Swingle (715) and (1614) selections, Cleopatra x Rubidoux (1600) and Cleopatra x Christian (712) induced dwarfed trees. Sunki x English (1628) and Troyer and Carrizo citranges induced the largest trees and fruit and soluble solids production by tree in the 2001-2003 period. None tree showed symptoms of tristeza or declinio. Trees on Cravo x Carrizo (717) showed bud-union-ring symptom of incompatibility. Seedlings of Cleopatra x Swingle (1587), Cleopatra x Trifoliate (1574) and Cleopatra x Rubidoux (1600) were more resistent to Phytophthora parasitica infections than the others rootstocks.
Junior, Newton Cavalcanti de Noronha. "Efeito dos coespecíficos e voláteis das plantas Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Psidium guajava L. e Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck sobre o comportamento de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Psyllidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-20042010-102148/.
Full textThe agro-ecosystems consist of complex trophic relationships between plants, herbivores and their natural enemies. It is known that the majority of plants can produce volatiles compounds used as chemical signals by different groups of insects. These compounds can be produced constitutively in healthy plants, i.e., without induction. In other hand, the production of induced volatiles occurs from the contact of secretions released by phytophagous with injuries caused by feeding or oviposition in plant tissue. For phytophagous, these volatile compounds may signal the presence of the host plant, as well as the presence of conspecifics and the sexual partner. Although, natural enemies, predators and parasitoids, the induced volatiles can signal the presence of phytophagous insects (prey / host) in the plant. In this context, the behavioral responses of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) to plant volatiles of jasmine, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack (Rutaceae) infested or not by conspecifics, were studied. It was also investigated the responses of psyllids to volatiles of Citrus sinensis infected by bacteria that cause the huanglongbing or HLB, one of the most serious diseases of citrus. Given the studies that aim to identify repellent compounds to D. citri, it was tested plant volatiles of guava, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and their impact on plant location of Citrus limonia (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae) by psyllids. Behavioral responses were measured by Y-tube and four-way olfactometers. Before establishing the olfactometry assays, studies of D. citri sexual behavior were performed. The obtained results showed that the beginning of D. citri sexual activities occurred between the second and third days after emergence, and the psyllids were more active during the photophase. In regard to the effects of plant volatiles, males and females of D. citri differently responded to the same olfactory stimuli. Thus, males were attracted only to odors associated with females. Females were attracted to plant odors, although they avoided odors associated with males, including plants previously infested by them. It was also verified that D. citri adults distinguished volatiles citrus with HLB from volatiles released by healthy plants. Given that, it was clear that volatiles from infected plants were attractive to both males and females psyllids. In search of repellent compounds, also was possible demonstrated that P. guajava volatiles not only hindered the location of plants of C. limonia by D. citri, but also provided repellent effect to psyllids. The findings presented here may help the development of new tactics for the behavioral management of D. citri.
Rodrigues, Carolina Munari. "Expressão diferencial de genes em laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) em tangerina (Citrus reticulata blanco) em resposta à infecção por Xylella fastidiosa /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102702.
Full textCoorientador: Alessandra Alves de Souza
Banca: Celso Benedetti
Banca: Anete Pereira de Souza
Banca: Ivan de Godoy Maia
Banca: Henrique Ferreira
Resumo: A citricultura brasileira responde por 85% das exportações de suco concentrado do mundo, mesmo enfrentando graves problemas de ordem fitossanitária. Dentre as doenças que mais afetam sua produtividade encontra-se a clorose variegada do citros (CVC), causada pela Xylella fastidiosa. Cultivares dentro das espécies de Citrus apresentam respostas diferentes em relação à susceptibilidade à CVC. Enquanto cultivares de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) são bastante suscetíveis, as tangerinas (Citrus reticulata Blanco) por sua vez são consideradas tolerantes. Resultados prévios do nosso grupo sugerem que a resistência deve estar efetivamente envolvida com a ativação de vias de sinalização, não sendo somente consequência de menor bloqueio dos vasos do xilema. Portanto, a hipótese desse trabalho é que a resistência da tangerina Poncan e a suscetibilidade de laranja doce à CVC pode ser comparada através da avaliação da expressão diferencial de genes durante o processo de infecção. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a expressão de genes dessas duas espécies submetidas à infecção pela bactéria. Para tanto plantas de laranja Pera e tangerina Poncan foram desafiadas com X. fastidiosa e as coletas das folhas infectadas e seus respectivos controles feitas em diferentes tempos (1, 7, 14 e 21 dias). Esse material foi utilizado para extração de DNA total que foi usado na confirmação, por RT-qPCR, da presença da bactéria. Após essa verificação, o RNA foi extraído em pools para a construção das bibliotecas subtrativas supressivas (SSHs). Foram feitas seis bibliotecas, porém, não foram obtidas sequencias de qualidade. Em função do baixo rendimento das SSHs, optou-se por proceder as análises com RNA-seq utilizando tecidos xilemáticos de tangerina Poncan, com um dia após... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The Brazilian citrus industry accounts for 85% of exports of concentrated juice in the world despite facing serious plant health problems. Among the main diseases that affect its productivity is the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by Xylella fastidiosa. Citrus species present different responses in relation to susceptibility to CVC. While sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) is very susceptible, mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is considered tolerant. Previous results from our group suggest that this tolerance observed in mandarin effectively involves activation of signaling pathways and is not only consequence of limited blockage of the xylem vessels. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that the tolerance of Ponkan mandarin and susceptibility of sweet orange to CVC can be compared evaluating the differential expression of genes during the infection process, being that the objective of this study. For that, Ponkan mandarin and sweet orange plants were challenged with X. fastidiosa. Infected/non-infected leaves were collected at different times (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). This material was used for extraction of total DNA, which was used for confirming the presence of bacteria by RT-qPCR. After this verification, the RNA was extracted in pools for the construction of suppressive subtractive libraries (SSHs). Six libraries were prepared, but good quality sequences were not obtained. Due to the low efficiency of SSHs, it was decided to proceed with RNA-seq analysis using xylem tissues of mandarin Ponkan, one day after infection with X. fastidiosa. In this analysis it was obtained 35,344,265 transcripts for the non-infected library and 37,326,339 for the infected one. These transcripts were mapped in the whole reference genome of Citrus clementine by using TopHat software. The contigs generated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Rodrigues, Carolina Munari [UNESP]. "Expressão diferencial de genes em laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) em tangerina (Citrus reticulata blanco) em resposta à infecção por Xylella fastidiosa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102702.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A citricultura brasileira responde por 85% das exportações de suco concentrado do mundo, mesmo enfrentando graves problemas de ordem fitossanitária. Dentre as doenças que mais afetam sua produtividade encontra-se a clorose variegada do citros (CVC), causada pela Xylella fastidiosa. Cultivares dentro das espécies de Citrus apresentam respostas diferentes em relação à susceptibilidade à CVC. Enquanto cultivares de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) são bastante suscetíveis, as tangerinas (Citrus reticulata Blanco) por sua vez são consideradas tolerantes. Resultados prévios do nosso grupo sugerem que a resistência deve estar efetivamente envolvida com a ativação de vias de sinalização, não sendo somente consequência de menor bloqueio dos vasos do xilema. Portanto, a hipótese desse trabalho é que a resistência da tangerina Poncan e a suscetibilidade de laranja doce à CVC pode ser comparada através da avaliação da expressão diferencial de genes durante o processo de infecção. Desse modo, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a expressão de genes dessas duas espécies submetidas à infecção pela bactéria. Para tanto plantas de laranja Pera e tangerina Poncan foram desafiadas com X. fastidiosa e as coletas das folhas infectadas e seus respectivos controles feitas em diferentes tempos (1, 7, 14 e 21 dias). Esse material foi utilizado para extração de DNA total que foi usado na confirmação, por RT-qPCR, da presença da bactéria. Após essa verificação, o RNA foi extraído em pools para a construção das bibliotecas subtrativas supressivas (SSHs). Foram feitas seis bibliotecas, porém, não foram obtidas sequencias de qualidade. Em função do baixo rendimento das SSHs, optou-se por proceder as análises com RNA-seq utilizando tecidos xilemáticos de tangerina Poncan, com um dia após...
The Brazilian citrus industry accounts for 85% of exports of concentrated juice in the world despite facing serious plant health problems. Among the main diseases that affect its productivity is the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), caused by Xylella fastidiosa. Citrus species present different responses in relation to susceptibility to CVC. While sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osb) is very susceptible, mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is considered tolerant. Previous results from our group suggest that this tolerance observed in mandarin effectively involves activation of signaling pathways and is not only consequence of limited blockage of the xylem vessels. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that the tolerance of Ponkan mandarin and susceptibility of sweet orange to CVC can be compared evaluating the differential expression of genes during the infection process, being that the objective of this study. For that, Ponkan mandarin and sweet orange plants were challenged with X. fastidiosa. Infected/non-infected leaves were collected at different times (1, 7, 14, and 21 days). This material was used for extraction of total DNA, which was used for confirming the presence of bacteria by RT-qPCR. After this verification, the RNA was extracted in pools for the construction of suppressive subtractive libraries (SSHs). Six libraries were prepared, but good quality sequences were not obtained. Due to the low efficiency of SSHs, it was decided to proceed with RNA-seq analysis using xylem tissues of mandarin Ponkan, one day after infection with X. fastidiosa. In this analysis it was obtained 35,344,265 transcripts for the non-infected library and 37,326,339 for the infected one. These transcripts were mapped in the whole reference genome of Citrus clementine by using TopHat software. The contigs generated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Serciloto, Chryz Melinski. "Fixação e desenvolvimento dos frutos do tangor 'Murcote' (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) e da lima ácida 'Tahiti' (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) com a utilização de biorreguladores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11144/tde-19032002-171942/.
Full textAlternate bearing, small fruits and fruit set are problems of some citrus cultivars. This research was performed at 2000/2001, in comercial orchards of 'Murcott' mandarin hybrid (Citrus reticulata Blanco x Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) and 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), with 10 and 8 years old, located in Mogi-Mirim and Taquaritinga-SP, respectively. In the first trial, it was evaluated the effects of bioregulators ethylclozate 200 mg.L-1, Phenothiol 10 mg.L-1, Fengib 1 ml.L-1, GA3 20 mg.L-1, 2,4-D 8 mg.L-1 and GA3 20 mg.L-1 + 2,4-D 8 mg.L-1 on the fruit thinning and the fruit size of 'Murcott' mandarin hybrid. The treatments were sprayed on whole trees after total petal fall (fruits with approximately 6 mm of diameter), at a rate of 6 litres per tree. The number of fruits per tree and yield (kg/tree) were not affected by the treatments. GA3 20 mg.L-1 + 2,4-D 8 mg.L-1, GA3 20 mg.L-1 and Fenotiol 10 mg.L-1 increased the final fruit size (3.4%; 3.0% and 3.0%), the final fruit weight (7.8%; 8.8% and 9.5%) and the number of fruits of larger comercial size class. The treatments didn´t affected juice content, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, juice colour and peel colour. The CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were not affected by the treatments. In the second trial, it was evaluated the effects of bioregulators 3,5,6-TPA 15 mg.L-1, 2,4-DP 50 mg.L-1, Phenothiol 20 mg.L-1, ethephon 200 mg.L-1 and ethylclozate 200 mg.L-1 on the fruit thinning and the fruit size of 'Murcott' mandarin hybrid. The treatments were sprayed on whole trees after physiological fruit drop (fruits with approximately 22 mm of diameter), at a rate of 6 litres per tree. 3,5,6-TPA 15 mg.L-1, ethephon 200 mg.L-1 and Phenothiol 20 mg.L-1 increased the final fruit size (7.0%; 6.8% and 4.4%), the final fruit weight (19.1%; 17.3% and 8.7%) and the number of fruits of larger comercial size class. However, 3,5,6-TPA 15 mg.L-1 ethephon 200 mg.L-1 decreased the number of fruits per tree (57.1% e 47.9%) and yield (47.8% e 37.5%), in kg/tree. Phenotiol decreased by 0,4 the total soluble solids. The treatments didn´t affected juice content, acidity, pH, juice colour and peel colour. The CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content were not affected by the treatments. In the third trial, it was evaluated the effects of bioregulators Phenothiol 10 mg.L-1; Fengib 1 ml.L-1; Brassinolide 0.015 mg.L-1; GA3 20 mg.L-1; 2,4-D 8 mg.L-1 and GA3 20 mg.L-1 + 2,4-D 8 mg.L-1 on the fruit set of 'Tahiti' lime. The bioregulators didn´t change the vegetative growth. The treatments with GA3 (GA3 20 mg.L-1, Fengib 1 ml.L-1 e GA3 20 mg.L-1 + 2,4-D 8 mg.L-1) increased the fruit set. The best treatment was GA3 20 mg.L-1 + 2,4-D 8 mg.L-1 that promoted 21.3% of fruit set against 5.9% by control. The fruit set was coupled to increases in chlorophyll content and CO2 assimilation by leaves of 'Tahiti' lime.
Gasparin, Eloi. "Variabilidade espacial tridimensional dos atributos químicos e físicos de frutos em pomar de laranjas." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/183.
Full textThe increase in production and yield as well as the correct use of agricultural inputs are essential factors to be taken into consideration when thinking about modern agriculture. Several techniques, previously used, mainly in the mining sector, have been incorporated to the agricultural sector with the precision agriculture management. The orcharding has also been improved by several studies under development in order to make such sector more competitive both nationally and internationally. The physical and chemical characteristics of orange fruits may change depending on the conditions to which they are exposed to, up from their blossoming period until harvest. Such conditions can be both climatic and related to the fruit position on the treetop. Although good fruit appearance is important, physical and chemical characteristics are as well, both for fresh consumption and industrial processing. Thus, this trial aimed at studying the three-dimensional spatial variability of physical and chemical characteristics of orange fruits in orchards, based on the generation of threedimensional maps and the SGeMS software. The trial was carried out in an orchard with Monte Parnaso orange variety, in Nova Laranjeiras city, Paraná, whose average altitude is 760 m and UTM central coordinates are around 7191655 m S and 341660 m E, 22J. So, 715 orange fruits from nine trees were analyzed during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Physical and chemical parameters showed weak correlation according to their position on the tree, but there was a trend of increasing values concerning the following attributes: diameter, fruit weight and juice mass as the vertical position of the fruits increases. For TSS content, the highest values were observed in the peripheral area of the tree and in its apical third part; but, for TTA content, it tended to decrease with the increasing vertical position of fruit. At last, the applied methodology was appropriate for the three-dimensional study concerning physical and chemical characteristics of orange fruits
O aumento da produção e da produtividade bem como a correta utilização dos insumos agrícolas são fatores indispensáveis quando se pensa em agricultura moderna. Com o surgimento da agricultura de precisão, várias técnicas anteriormente utilizadas, principalmente no setor de minérios, estão sendo incorporadas no setor agrícola. A fruticultura também tem se beneficiado devido a vários estudos em desenvolvimento com o intuito de tornar o setor competitivo tanto nacional como internacionalmente. As características físicas e químicas dos frutos de laranja podem sofrer alterações conforme as condições a que são expostas, desde o período de floração à colheita. Tais condições podem ser climáticas e relacionadas à posição que o fruto ocupa na copa da árvore. Embora a boa aparência dos frutos seja desejável, as características físicas e químicas são importantes tanto para o consumo in natura como para o processamento industrial. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade espacial tridimensional das características físicas e químicas de frutos em pomar de laranjas, a partir da geração de mapas tridimensionais com o auxílio do software SGeMS. O experimento foi conduzido em pomar de laranjas da variedade Monte Parnaso, localizado no município de Nova Laranjeiras - PR, com altitude média de 760 m e coordenadas UTM centrais aproximadas de 7.191.655 m S e 341.660 m E,22J. Foram analisados 715 frutos de laranja provenientes de nove árvores, nos anos de 2011, 2012 e 2013. Os atributos físicos e químicos apresentaram correlação fraca quanto à posição que os mesmos ocupam na árvore, mas houve tendência de aumento de valores de atributos como o diâmetro, massa do fruto e a massa do suco à medida que aumentava a cota vertical dos frutos. Para o teor de SST, os maiores valores foram encontrados na área periférica da árvore e no terço apical; e para o teor de ATT, a mesma tende a diminuir com o aumento da cota vertical do fruto. A metodologia utilizada mostrou-se adequada para o estudo tridimensional de características físicas e químicas de frutos
Voigt, Vanessa. "Caracterização fenotípica e avaliação da expressão de genes envolvidos na indução e no florescimento da laranjeira \'x11\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-16012014-162939/.
Full textThe ,,x11\" plant is a spontaneous mutant of sweet orange, with seedlings flowering from the first or second year of the growing and adult plants can flower several times a year. These features make this mutant into an excellent material for functional genomics studies related to flowering and fruiting. The present work aimed to characterize the flowering of ,,x11\" sweet orange in four seasons and to follow the development of the apical meristem in axillary buds of adult plants, compared to ,,Valencia\" sweet orange. In addition, the expression profile of genes involved in the induction and flowering was evaluated in adult and juvenile plants of the both sweet oranges. Adult plants of ,,x11\" grafted on \'Rangpur\' and \'Swingle\' were pruned in fall, winter, spring and summer, and then, the characterization of the flowering in new branches and the viability and in vitro germination of pollen grains were evaluated. The following morpho-anatomical apical meristem was carried out in four stages of the axillary sprouts in both sweet oranges after fall pruning. Gene expression of floral pathway integrators (FT, SOC1, and LFY), repressor genes (FLC, TFL1 and SVP) and the genes of floral meristem identity (AP1, BAM and WUS) were analyzed by RT-PCR in three stages development of sprouting from juvenile and adult plants. Phenotypic characterization of flowering in ,,x11\" showed that the spring and fall pruning induced the formation of terminal branches with flowers, and the fall pruning also presented vegetative branches. The winter pruning resulted in multifloral branches and the summer pruning produced aborted flowers. The number of days up to the arising of flower buds ranged between 5 and 20 days after pruning, with branches measuring between 18 and 24 cm and number of leaves between 9 and 12. The viability and in vitro germination of pollen grains were higher after winter pruning. It was observed the differentiation of floral bud in ,,x11\" sweet orange by the morpho-anatomical analysis when the sprouting was 13 mm in length. The analysis of transcripts of the ,,x11\" adult plants in stage 1 showed higher levels of expression in FT and TFL1 genes while the BAM and LFY genes were repressed in relation to ,,Valencia\" plants. In stage 2, FT, LFY and BAM genes had a larger number of transcripts, but the TFL1 gene had a low number of transcripts compared with ,,Valencia\" plants. In stage 3, high expression was observed in LFY gene in ,,x11\" adult plants relation to the ,,Valencia\". Juvenile plants of ,,x11\"in the three stages showed no significant changes of expression of nine genes in relation to juvenile plants of ,,Valencia\". The exception was the BAM gene, which showed higher expression in stages 1 and 3, but in stage 2, had a repression when compared to ,,Valencia\"
Muniz, Fabiana Rezende. "Caracterização molecular e avaliação da resistência ao vírus da tristeza dos citros (CTV) em plantas transgênicas de laranja \'Valência\' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10022009-094528/.
Full textIn Brazil, citrus is one of the most important cultures. The productivity of this culture in the country is still considered low and this fact is due to several pests and diseases that affect the crop. Among the diseases there is the tristeza, caused by Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). This pathogen can also be related with another important disease, the citrus sudden death. Therefore, CTV acquired much more significance. This work aimed to characterize with molecular analysis and to evaluate the resistance to CTV of transgenic Valência plants (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), containing genomic fragments of CTV, in three different transgenic constructs. The plants were confirmed as transgenic by Southern blot. The transcription of the transgene was evaluated by RT-PCR. The transgenic plants were challenged with a weak strain of CTV, CTV-IAC, by bud inoculation with two infected bubbles, and by the infected vector Toxoptera citricida. After four weeks of inoculation, the evaluation of viral replication in the transgenic seious was done by ELISA indirect sandwich with monoclonal antibody against the CTV coat protein. The results indicated variation of the resistance to the translocation of the virus between the different transgenic constructs used and between clones of the same plant. All the inoculated plants indicated the presence of the virus in, at least, one of the three evaluated clones, when inoculated by grafting. When inoculated by the vector some plants had all their clones with low values of virus, indicating a possible resistance to the pathogen.
Benassi, Junior Mario. "Determinação das curvas de maturação das variedades citricas (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) Pera-rio, Natal, Valencia e Hamlin." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/255515.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: Foram determinadas as curvas de maturação das quatro principais variedades de Laranja no Estado de São Paulo; Pêra, Natal, Valência, e Hamlin, na safra de 1999, entre março e dezembro, com coletas a cada 14 dias na Hamlin e 28 dias nas demais. Foram estudadas 15 variáveis durante o período de maturação, para as 4 variedades. As seguintes variáveis apresentaram declínio de valores do início para o final da safra; Acidez total titulável variando de 2,16 a 0,76 %, Teor de ácido ascórbico de 65 a 40 mg/100 ml. Apresentaram incremento de valores do início para o final da safra; °Brixde 7 a 13, "Ratio" de 5 a 15, Cor de 35 e 38 (à exceção da Hamlin com 35), Peso do fruto de 0,05 a 0,15 kglfruto, pH de 3 a 3,6, pH com acidez a 0,1 % de 3,2 a 3,8, Teor de polpa no suco de 15 a 25 %, Teor de Prolina de 100 a 1700 mgllitro, Tamanho do fruto de 636 a 310 Frutos/caixa (40,8 kg), Teor de cinzas de 0,3 a 0,6 %, Teor de sólidos solúveis/caixa de 40,8 kg de 1,6 a 3,5 kg e Atividade de Pectinesterase de 20 a 60 PEU x 104.As variáveis Rendimento de suco (50 a 62 %) e Teor de óleo recuperável (0,05 a 0,14 %) não apresentaram tendências específicas ao longo do período de maturação. E entre essas variáveis; Acidez, "Ratio", Prolina, pH e Cinzas responderam a um modelo linear de regressão. °Brix,Teor de sólidos/caixa de 40,8 kg e Ácido ascórbico responderam a um modelo de regressão quadrático. A Hamlin é uma variedade precoce com menores valores; Cor,°Brix, Rendimento,Teorde óleo recuperável,Teor de Prolina, Cinzas, Teor de sólidos/caixa de 40,8 Kg, Atividade de pectinesterase e maior Teor de ácido ascórbico. A Pêra-rio é de meia-estação e tem teores intermediários, tendo maiores valores; pH, Teor de polpa e Teor de Prolina. A Natal é tardia com o maior Peso de fruto e menor Teor de polpa. A Valência é tardia tendo o menor Peso de fruto, e os maiores valores; °Brix, Rendimento de suco, Teor de óleo, Cinzas, Teor de sólidos/caixa e Atividade de pectinesterase. As variáveis de maturação "Ratio" e Acidez foram as mais importantes variáveis para identificar o comportamento de maturação correlacionando-se com 6 (seis) outras variáveis. Em seguida apresentaram alta correlação as variáveis Prolina e Cor com 5 (cinco) variáveis cada uma. As variáveis pH e °Brix apresentaram correlação com outras quatro variáveis. O suco de Laranja tem um alto poder tamponante o que impede que altas variações de pH possam ocorrer, apesar das grandes variações de acidez ocorridas. O suco foi diluído a 0,1 % de acidez e medido o pH, houve um aumento de apenas 0,2 pontos, confirmando seu poder tamponante.
Abstract: The maturation curves of the 4 main Brasilian citrus varieties Pêra-rio, Natal, Valência and Hamlin, growing in the State of São Paulo, were determined. The experiment was realized in the 1999 crop, between march and december. The juice was extracted and 15 parameters were determined for the 4 varieties. The following parameters showed decline of values from the beginning to the end of the season: Total acidity from 2,76 to 0,76%, Ascorbic acid from 65 to 40 mg/100 ml. The others parameters showed an increase of values form the beginning to the end of the season: °Brix from 7 to 13, TSS/Acidity from 5 to 15, Color from 35 to 3S (except Hamlin, with 35), Fruit wheight from 0,05 to 0,15 kg, pH from 3 to 3,6, pH with 0,1 % of acidity trom 3,2 to 3,S, Pulp trom 15 to 25 %, Proline content from 100 to 1700 mglliter, Fruit size from 636 to 310 Fruits/box (40,S kg), Ash content from 0,3 to 0,6 %, TSS lbox(40,S kg) from 1,6 to 3,5, PEU from 20 to 40 PEU x104. Juice perfruit (50 to 62 %) and Recoverable oil (0,05 to 0,14 %) had no especific trends during the season. The parameters Total acidity, TSS/Acidity, Proline, pH and Ash frtted in a linear regression model. °Brix,TSS/box and Ascorbic acid fitted in a quadratic regression model. Hamlin an early variety, showed the lowest Color, °Brix, Juice per box, Recoverable oil, Proline, Ash, TSS/box and PEU and the highest Ascorbic acid content. Pêra-rio a midseason variety, showed a medium content comparing with the other varieties, but had the higest pH, Pulp and Proline. Natal a Iate variety, showed the highest fruit weight and the lowest pulp content with a similar behaviour as Valencia. Valencia a Iate variety, showed the lowest Weight of fruit the highest content of °Brix, Juice per fruit, Recoverable oil, Ash, TSS/box and PEU. TSS/Acidity and Total acidity were the most important parameters to identify maturation behaviour because they presented correlation with 6 other parameters, followed by Proline content, Color, pH and °Brix with lower levels of correlation in number of paramaters. The orange juice of this 4 varieties showed a high buffer level, because the juice was diluted to 0,1 % of total acidity and the pH determination only increased 0,2 points, confirming the buffer property of the juice.
Mestrado
Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
Zanella, Karine 1987. "Extração da pectina da casca da laranja-pera (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com solução diluída de ácido cítrico." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266586.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: A laranja é utilizada no Brasil principalmente no processamento de suco, o qual gera entre 40-60% (em peso) de resíduos líquidos e sólidos, que posteriormente são utilizados na produção de subprodutos. A casca da laranja é composta por flavedo (porção colorida) e albedo (porção branca e esponjosa) que, quando desidratados são utilizados no processo de extração da pectina, utilizada principalmente em indústrias alimentícias e farmacêuticas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência das variáveis operacionais da secagem convectiva, temperatura (40, 55 e 70 °C) e velocidade do ar (0,1, 0,2 e 0,3 m.s-1), no rendimento, na qualidade e nas características da pectina extraída da casca da laranja-pera (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Os experimentos foram realizados em secador de leito fixo e os dados cinéticos foram avaliados através da modelagem matemática por aplicação dos modelos de Page, Henderson e Pabis e de Midilli. Este último foi o que melhor ajustou os dados experimentais, tanto para a secagem do albedo quanto do flavedo. As condições operacionais utilizadas na extração da pectina, do albedo e do flavedo foram: temperatura (80°C), velocidade de agitação (650 rpm) e pH (2,5). O agente extrator utilizado para o processo de extração foi a mistura entre água e ácido cítrico. Os maiores valores de rendimento obtido foram de 38,21% de pectina seca por albedo seco (g/g) (Pectina-A) e de 29,35% de pectina seca por flavedo seco (g/g) (Pectina-F), os quais foram desidratados nas seguintes condições de secagem: 70°C e 0,10 m.s-1 para o albedo e 40 ºC e 0,1 m.s-1 para o flavedo. Foi verificado pela análise de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), que tanto a Pectina-A quanto a Pectina-F, apresentaram grau de esterificação acima de 50%, sendo caracterizadas como pectinas de alto teor de metoxilação (ATM). Além disto, as pectinas foram analisadas quanto ao seu peso molecular pela técnica de cromatografia de permeação em gel (GPC) e variaram entre 337,41 e 606,85 para a Pectina-A e entre 487,92 e 1702,00 para a Pectina-F. A análise da qualidade das pectinas foi realizada pela determinação do teor de ácido galacturônico (AGA) por espectrofotometria. Os maiores valores de AGA foram de 93,64% para a Pectina-A e de 93,29% para a Pectina-F. Pela análise dos dados foi constatado que não houve influência das variáveis operacionais de secagem nas pectinas obtidas. Contudo, verificou-se que independente da configuração escolhida durante o processo de secagem, todas as pectinas apresentaram alta qualidade e podem ser utilizadas como pectinas comerciais. Portanto, concluiu-se que o processo de obtenção da pectina utilizado neste estudo é viável
Abstract: The orange production in Brazil is mainly directed to juice processing which generates ca. 40-60% (weight) of solid and liquid wastes, which are subsequently used in the production of by-products. The orange peel is composed of flavedo (colored portion) and albedo (the white and spongy portion) which when dried are used for the extraction process of pectin with great interest in pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of this work were to study the influence of the operating variables of convective drying, temperature (40, 55 and 70 °C) and air velocity (0,1, 0,2 and 0,3 m.s-1), on the yield, quality and characteristics of pectin extracted from "Pera? sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). The experiments were carried out in a fixed bed dryer and the drying kinetics data were evaluated through the application of mathematical modeling, by using the following models: Page, Henderson and Pabis and Midilli. The latter one was the best model that fitted the experimental data, for drying both albedo and flavedo. The operating conditions used for extraction of pectin, from albedo e flavedo, were: temperature (80 °C), stirring rate (650 rpm) and pH (2,5). The extracting agent used for the extraction process was a mixture of water and citric acid. The highest yield values obtained were 38,21% of dried pectin for dried albedo (g/g) (Pectin-A) and 29,35% of dried pectin by dried flavedo (g/g) (Pectin-F), which were dehydrated in the following conditions: 70 °C and 0,10 m.s-1 for the albedo and 40 °C and 0,1 m.s-1 for the flavedo. It was found by analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) that both Pectin-A and Pectin-F showed a degree of esterification above 50%, being characterized as high methoxyl pectin (ATM). In addition, the pectin were analyzed for its molecular weight by the technique of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and varied between 337,41 and 606,85 for Pectin-A and between 487,92 and 1702,00 for Pectin-F. The quality of pectin was obtained by determination of galacturonic acid (AGA) by spectroscopic analyzes. The highest values from AGA were 93,64% for Pectin-A and 93,29% for Pectin-F. From the data obtained, it was found that there was no influence of the operating variables of drying on the pectin. However, it was found that regardless of the chosen configuration during the drying process, all pectin had a high quality and can be used as commercial. Therefore, is possible to conclude that the process of obtaining pectin, used in this study, is viable
Mestrado
Engenharia de Processos
Mestra em Engenharia Química
Brugos, Ana Fabrícia de Oliveira. "Inativação da pectinametilesterase na pasteurização assistida por micro-ondas de suco de laranja pêra Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-18092018-150842/.
Full textThe enzyme pectin methylesterase (PME) inactivation in orange juice was studied by both conventional and microwave heat treatment in batch conditions. Conventional heat treatment was carried out in a thermostatic bath, maintaining the temperature constant during the process. Different temperatures were tested at the interval between (40 and 95) °C and time between (0 and 60) s. The microwaveassisted heating process took place through two equipments: the first one have used a multi-mode microwave digestor, and the second a chemical and enzymatic synthesis mono-mode microwave reactor. Temperatures have been tested in the range of (40 to 90) °C and retention time between (0 and 60) s. The temperature\'s history has been acquired in real time for all processes. Physical-chemical characterization of the non-processed juice, pectin methylesterase enzyme activity, acidity and soluble solids content were conducted for both, fresh and treated juice. The results demonstrated that the microwave-assisted pasteurization was more effective than conventional, reaching 90 % inactivation at 60 °C after 10 s and reaching 99 % inactivation when exposed to 80 °C by at least 20 s.
Simões, Thiago Sena. "Resposta de plantas transgenicas de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osb.) a infecção por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri e Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317080.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Huanglongbing (HLB), também conhecido como greening é uma das mais importantes doenças dos citros no mundo e é causada pela bactéria Candidatus Liberibacter spp. Esta doença é originária da China e da África, onde estão presentes as variantes Ca. L. asiaticus e Ca. L. africanus, respectivamente. Em 2004, a doença foi encontrada no Brasil onde foi identificada a forma asiática e também uma nova variante denominada Ca. L. americanus. A bactéria Ca.Liberibacter vive e se desenvolve no floema da planta hospedeira, causando amarelecimento do ramo infectado, deformação e queda do fruto. Até o momento não foi possível o cultivo em meio de cultura de Ca. Liberibacter e muito pouco é conhecido sobre sua biologia. Outra doença importante para a cultura, o cancro cítrico, também é originária do continente asiático, e causa grandes perdas de produção devido à desfolha da planta e a queda precoce de frutos. Seu agente causal, a bactériaXanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri provoca lesões necróticas em folhas, ramos e frutos. Não existem variedades resistentes ao HLB ou ao cancro cítrico, o que torna necessários estudos buscando fontes alternativas de resistência às doenças. Uma das possibilidades para se obter resistência é o uso de plantas geneticamente modificadas com genes que expressam peptídeos antimicrobianos ou que atuem no mecanismo de ativação da resposta das plantas às doenças. Os genes atacinaA e Xa21 já foram empregados em construções genéticas para variedades de laranjas doces, sendo que ambos apresentaram resistência a patógenos bacterianos em outras culturas, e diminuição no número de lesões causadas pelo patógeno X axonopodis em: I plantas transgênicas de laranja doce. Outro gene interessante, o Nprl, é um regulador que atua 0(1, indução de respostas de defesa da planta contra patógenos. Em outras culturas, a superexpressão de Npr 1 culturas promoveu aumento da resistência a fungos e bactérias. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta de plantas de laranjas geneticamente modificadas com estes três genes, quando infectadas com Ca. Liberibacter, e a resposta das plantas contendo o gene AtNpr 1 quando inoculadas com X axonopodis. O monitoramento da resposta à inoculação com Ca. Liberibacter foi realizado através da avaliação da presença de sintomas de HLB, e pela quantificação da bactéria nos tecidos do floema por meio de qPCR, utilizando-se a região ribossomal 16S bacteriana, previamente caracterizada. Já as plantas inoculadas com a bactéria causadora do cancro cítrico foram analisadas através da expressão de PR-proteínas, da quantificação do desenvolvimento da população bacteriana por meio de curva de crescimento, e pela análise visual de sintomas. A bactéria Ca. Liberibacter foi capaz de se multiplicar em todos os eventos de transformação analisados, porém quatro deles (transformados com o gene AtNprl) não manifestaram sintoma da doença. Duas plantas desta construção também apresentaram redução no número e tamanho das lesões causadas por X axonopodis, indicando uma possível tolerância desta planta à bactéria.
Abstract: Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as greening, is the world most important citrus disease and it is caused by the bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter spp. This disease was originated from China and Africa, where were discovered the variants Ca. L. asiaticus and Ca. L. africanus, respectively. In 2004, the disease was detected in Brazil, where the variants asiaticus and a new one called americanus were identified. The Ca. Liberibacter bacteria inhabit phloem vessels of host plants, causing yellowing of infected branches, and fruits abscission. At the moment, it was not possible to cultivate Ca. Liberibacter, and very little is known about its biology. Another important disease of citrus, the citrus canker, is also originated from Asian continent and causes huge damages to citrus production because of leaf drop and prematurely falI of fruits. Its causal agent, the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, causes necrotic lesions in leaves, branches and fruits. There is no varietal resistance to HLB ar citrus canker, and it is necessary to develop studies in order to achieve altemative resistance sources to these diseases. One possibility to obtain resistance is the use of genetically modified plants expressing antimicrobial peptides genes, or expressing genes that act in theplant defense response machinery. The genes attacinA and Xa21 were used in genetic constructions for sweet orange varieties, and both showed resistarice to bacterial pathogens in other crops, with small number of lesions caused by X axonopodis in transgenic sweet orange plants. Another interesting gene, the Nprl, is a regulator that acts in the induction of plant defense response against pathogens. 1n other crops, the Npr 1 super-expression caused high leveI of resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens. The goal ofthe present study was to evaluate the response of genetically modified sweet orange plants with these three genes, after infection of Ca. Liberibacter, and the response of plants containing the AtNprl gene, after X axonopodis inoculation. The response to Ca. Liberibacter infection was analyzed by the evaluation of HLB symptoms and by the quantification of phloem-associated bacteria by qPCR based on a previously characterized Ca. Liberibacter 168 ribosomal region. PIants inoculated with the causal agent of citrus canker were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect the expression of PR-proteins. The quantification of bacterial population was deveIoped using a growth curve and by visual analysis of symptoms. The bacterium Ca. Liberibacter grown in alI the transformation events analyzed, however four of them (transformed with the AtNprl gene) did not develop disease symptoms. Also, two. plants of this construction showed reduction in the number and size of lesions caused by X axonopodis, indicating a possible induction of plant tolerance to citrus canker.
Mestrado
Genetica Vegetal e Melhoramento
Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular