Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'City maker'

Parking, a seemingly mundane topic, have a huge impact on peoples right to the city. This thesis aims to explore the effects of the regulatory space created by parking norms and policies within the urban landscape. Parking is in this thesis identified as an active form, drawing from the work of Keller Easterling. Being controlled and regulated at the municipal level, parking is a question of local politics. This opens up possibilities for reorganizing parking as a tool for planning and place-making. By rewiring the organization of parking, from an individual property into a cooperative infrastructure, parking becomes a platform for generating local communities in the mid-sized Swedish city.

Since the industrial revolution, technological developments and increased population have caused environmental damages such as lavish use of sources, pollution increased waste areas, poisoned wastes, harmless gasses, decreased green areas, global warming and climate change, harming of the ozone layer, decreased forests areas and natural sources. Appearance of the term of Global Warming makes the humanity to revise their facilities in all fields. To protect the nature and architectural environment, firstly, green architecture, ecological architecture and then sustainability occurred. This term has been proposed not to be a new term but a response to environmental disturbances caused by human activities and it is re-conceptualization of architecture. Sustainable architecture or sustainability is lot more extensive than ecological and green architecture. It contains the imbalance between environmental problems which is natural environment and consumption that occurred all around the world. An important part of sustainability debate focused on urban planning and design for more sustainable forms and patterns. In particular it is discussed that planning and design of urban areas have a major effect on transport and therefore can help reduce car usage, emissions, global warming and climate change. There are many planning and design approaches and movement that introduce certain criteria and strategies to prevent car dependency and encourage people to use public transportation and walking. To achieve sustainable transport, there should be design for walkable and easy accessible areas. Planning movements, such as New Urbanism and Transit Oriented Development, particularly came to the forefront of planning and influenced planning approaches. However, when review the literature, it is seen that planning movements, such as New Urbanism and Transit Oriented Development originated and were implemented mostly in West Europeean and North American Cities. The purpose of this study is to find out whether all those criteria, principles and strategies are also relevant planning approaches for more non-western cities like Baku which has a very different planning background and therefore possibly different urban form and tranmsport issues. In order to answer the abovementioned question, planning and design approaches in the literatureand and in these recent planning movements were studied and a check list was formed which indicate planning and design approaches that can help attain a more sustainable transport outcome. The checklist was then applied to the case of Baku.

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-137).
With the current trend in planning and urban design aspiring towards incrementally executed, phased-in projects, it becomes necessary to ask if this strategy is based upon anything more than anxiety, fear and apprehension leveled in the face of reelection-minded city leaderships, institutionalized planning bureaucracies and developer-driven market forces. The notion that cities evolve in well-proportioned, single-serving digestible bites is as untenable as the notion that a singular logical diagram of physical organization can alone dictate a city's character and evolution. Constrained by these two notions the current practice of urban design appears both hemmed in and characterized by the contradiction of Burnham's charge and OMA's 'taboo.' While this 'taboo' may, somewhat correctly, be associated with previous notions of grandeur and oversimplified static models of urban evolution, it should be recognized as a severe constraint on the space of possible solutions to urban issues. As such it represents an obstacle to the formation of new ideas and models, particularly in cities undergoing the most dramatic transformations. Proposing a line of inquiry focused about the notion of radically-large scale urban design proposals this thesis inquires as to the appropriateness of such designs for post-industrial North American cities. It seeks to occupy and explore the 'taboo' which lies at the heart of the paradox of the urban proposition today.
b y Daniel J. Malinow.
M.Arch.

Sri Lanka is a developing country shaped by its tropical climate. Greening the cities for beautification, recreation and environmental reasons has occurred here since ancient times. Colombo, the commercial capital of Sri Lanka, is a complex fast-growing city. A history of colonisation, first Portuguese, then Dutch followed by British, influenced and created a mixed culture of ethnic and religious identities. As a diverse population with a difficult recent history of unrest, Colombo citizens are seeking stability, quality of life and new ways to engage with passive and active recreation in urban green areas. Colombo has Urban Green Spaces (UGSs), but these are of variable quality and there is no coherent strategy for maintaining or planning, or a sustainable vision for the city. Planning failures are a big problem to the city’s green spaces. Therefore, it has become urgent and necessary to make an innovative study of the theory and practice of Colombo’s UGSs. The hypothesis of this research is that there are ‘a unique set of cultural, geographical, ecological and political circumstances in the city of Colombo that could enable it to become a leading “Haritha City” (Green City) in South Asia, but there are gaps in the current planning system that are preventing that aim from being realised’. This study was conducted using a three-spheres conceptual framework, consisting of sociological and cultural, ecological and geographical, and political aspects of UGSs. Using relevant researches from global context, together with in-country sociological studies, the gaps were identified and a practical and deliverable strategy of suitable practices was developed. This thesis establishes core principles for future development and proposes a new direction and model for urban green planning in Colombo.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-134).
Aleppo's rehabilitation project has received plaudits for its comprehensive pro-resident approach and an active stance to limit gentrification and touristification. As this objective goes against many of the structural and economic interests in the city, the 'illogical' aspects of plans and regulations would be expected to be immediately transgressed. Surprisingly, however, municipal regulation of investments for significant new uses of property is strong, as is the provision of services to neighborhoods with little to no expected returns. Interviews and analysis of project documents demonstrated that these actions are not a passive enforcement of the plan and regulations. Instead, local decision-makers are active, collaborative agents who dynamically reshape and reinvent the guidelines for implementation. All decisions regarding the regulation of new uses, and especially those not directly traceable to immediate economic interests, were strongly paired in the discourse of the actors with a discussion of a normative vision of the city and specific re-constructions of an ideal past. Aleppo, like other historic cities, arguably represents some of the most powerful lieux de memoire of twenty-first century urbanity. But, while memory and culture have been well-researched as instrumental facades for profit-driven urban projects (as well as in the marketing of spaces for consumption) the methods through which constructed narratives impact decision-making processes is less well-known. This thesis argues that normative narratives of the city are reproduced, amalgamated, and re-imagined by decision-makers and that these narratives play a central role in the decision-making processes to control new investment in the historic center.
by Bernadette Baird-Zars.
M.C.P.

Mexico City faces severe and long term challenges regarding the sustainability of its water supplies. These supplies are insufficient to meet current demand, while that demand is itself growing significantly. Furthermore, as this thesis shows, the current water deficit is characterised by uneven distribution across society with the poor being disproportionately affected by supply discontinuities and related problems. The research sets out to investigate a number of dimensions regarding domestic water supply in Mexico City. Central themes include consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) values for various changes in water supply provision, distributional aspects of these values and decision-makers reactions to our findings from these investigations. The research adopted a mixed methodological approach. First, focus groups were used to develop a broad understanding of consumers' perceptions and preferences. Second, findings from the focus groups were employed to design a contingent valuation (CV) survey questionnaire to investigate households' WT? for various changes in water service provision as well as eliciting information regarding the supply conditions affecting differing households. This questionnaire was implemented through a large sample survey of households in Mexico City chosen so as to permit inspection of distributional aspects of water supply and WTP. Results were obtained through a series of statistical analyses and a cost-benefit analysis (CSA) undertaken, the latter paying specific attention to distributional issues. Finally, elite interviewing techniques were used to investigate decision-makers' views regarding the incidence and severity of water supply problems and to assess their reactions to the WTP and CSA results. Our findings show that current service levels are highly heterogeneous across the city. This variation is significantly associated with household income. In accordance with prior expectations we found that poorer households are WTP most for service improvements while wealthier households, which already enjoy better services, are WTP higher amounts to avoid service deterioration. We recommended explicit recognition of the extent to which WTP varies with respect to the income and service level conditions which hold across the city. Aggregate WTP amounts are sufficient to pay for service modernisation while still permitting the reduction of existing water supply subsidies by about 70%. Consumers' WTP were linked to and conditional upon the efficiency, transparency and fairness of the institutional structures through which water is provided and charged. Finally, the information provided regarding the survey and focus group findings was seen to influence decision-makers perspectives regarding the fairness ofthe current tariff structure and the extent to which the water tariff policies of the city might be revised. The thesis concludes that there is an opportunity to implement a longterm programme of water supply reform grounded upon on households' WTP and that such a policy could be implemented with the consensus of both the population and decision-makers.

Thesis (doctoral)--Delft University of Technology, 2007.
"Delft Centre for Sustainable Urban Areas"--Cover. "Erratum" inserted. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-248).

Essa pesquisa se insere na investigação Contextos Institucionais e a Construção da Qualidade do Ensino na Educação Básica do SOCED – Grupo Pesquisas em Sociologia da Educação da PUC-Rio. Desenvolveu um estudo comparativo entre duas escolas públicas da rede municipal de educação do Município do Rio de Janeiro, uma que apresentou resultados acima da média municipal na nota padronizada da Prova Brasil de 2005 e 2007 de alunos de 9º ano e outra com resultados abaixo dessa média. A análise do material empírico (survey SOCED constituído por questionários aplicados para pais, alunos e professores das duas escolas; registro de campo e entrevistas com membros das direções) nos permitiu identificar características organizacionais e sociopedagógicas das escolas que poderiam indicar elementos importantes para a compreensão da diferença de desempenho dos alunos das duas escolas nas avaliações oficiais. Para entender as possíveis razões dessa diferença, a investigação procurou traçar perfil de cada unidade de ensino, considerando a estrutura organizacional da escola em termos de pessoal e de gestão; delinear os perfis socioeconômicos e sociodemográficos dos agentes educacionais; além de situar as unidades de ensino dentro da estrutura organizacional da Rede Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro. As práticas pedagógicas de cada escola, a relação família-escola e a relação estabelecida com o poder público também foram elementos que surgiram na análise, considerando a localização geográfica das duas escolas, ambas situadas em uma mesma área da Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, porém uma dentro de uma área favelizada, o complexo de favelas da Maré, e outra em Bonsucesso, importante área comercial dessa região da cidade.
The research is part of the investigation Institutional Contexts and the Construction of Quality Teaching in Basic Education organized by SOCED – Group Research in Sociology Sociology of Education of PUC - Rio that aims at making a comparative study between two public schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, one of them showed results above the Municipal average of the standard grade on the Prova Brasil of 2005 and 2007, done by 9th-grade students and the other showed results below that average. The analysis of the empirical material (SOCED Survey) made up of questionaires answered by students’ parents, students and teachers from both schools; field records and interviews with members of the school administrations enabled us to observe some organizational and sociopedagogical features of the two schools which could point out pertinent elements for the understanding of the difference in the students’ performances on their official evaluations in both schools. In order to understand the possible causes of that difference, the investigation could draw up each school’s profile, considering the organizational structure of the school regarding the teachers and the school’s administration; draw up the socialdemographic profiles of the educational agents; besides locating the schools in the organizational structure of public schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The pedagogical practice of each school, the family-school relationship and the relationship established with the political power were also elements that arose from the analysis, considering the geographical location of the two schools, both located in northern zone of Rio de Janeiro; however, one located in a slum area, Complexo da Maré, and the other located in Bonsucesso, an important commercial borough of the city.

Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional & Community Planning
Brent Chamberlain
Narratives of urban experiences influence understanding of space and urban form. Narratives give meaning to space, creating memories of places and helping to define an individual’s cognitive map. The representation of narratives within cognitive maps impacts day to day activities, as well as, emotional, cultural, and social characteristics of one’s self. Planners and designers play an important role in crafting narratives through the implementation of designs and policies that together shape urban form. This research investigates the relationship between spatial cognitive schemas and narratives within cognitive maps. Specifically, how college students develop and use narratives within their cognitive map to help with living in a new and initially unfamiliar place of residence. Through mixed method analysis of drawn individual cognitive maps, an online survey, and a group discussion, results show that different types of experiences within narratives influence the likelihood of it appearing within the spatial cognitive schema. The findings suggest that narratives created by peak emotional experiences contain a longer and clearer representation within cognitive maps because of their personal value. By better understanding the role of these emotional responses and their connection with urban form, design professionals can aim to frame projects toward influencing individual’s lives. Understanding how individuals develop narratives of their new city may influence planning and design with the goal of creating urban projects that provide social and cultural significance through meaning of place.

Chris Marker, (1921-2012) qui photographie et filme des lieux divers dans le monde entier, avait pour thème de prédilection la ville. En effet, ce lieu de circulation et de mobilité, dépassant toutes les clôtures, se prête particulièrement aux œuvres markériennes, caractérisées par l’entrecroisement de différents espace-temps, et par l’expérience de l’altérité. En étant à la fois cinéaste et voyageur, les images de la ville capturées par Marker se caractérisent par le déplacement, en particulier par l’expérience de la flânerie, qui constitue un élément essentiel de la réflexion philosophique sur la ville moderne de Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). Pour cette raison, cette thèse est consacrée à l’analyse des œuvres de Marker autour du thème de la flânerie. Ainsi, au cours de trois parties, nous travaillerons des concepts reliées à la flânerie : le seuil, l’allégorie, et le chiffonnier. Ces travaux thématiques nous aideront à comprendre la stratification complexe de l’espace-temps, le caractère transitoire, et l’art de l’assemblage dans les images markériennes. Ces recherches sont finalement élargies à la notion de la navigation comme version renouvelée de flânerie, pour analyser l’espace de L’Ouvroir, le monde virtuel crée sur Second Life par Marker dans sa dernière période. Par conséquence, à la lumière des problématiques abordées par la flânerie, on comprend que la création artistique de Marker est fondée sur la quête continuelle de nouvelles expérience visuelles qui remettent en question la modernité et la représentation cinématographique
Chris Marker (1921-2012) is a filmmaker, who took photos and filmed various places by travelling all over the world. The city had been one of the important subjects for Marker’s works. Suppose every metropolis is essentially a limitless place, filled with flow and mobility, Marker’s works, described as intersection of different time and space and “otherness,” can be said that they inherit the nature of metropolis. Being filmmaker and traveler, Marker’s images of city are often characterized by “moving”, particularly by the experience of flânerie (stroll), which constitutes element of philosophical reflection of modern city by Walter Benjamin (1892-1940). In order to make this point clear, this dissertation deals with the films of Marker using Benjamin’s concept flânerie, as a major analyzing concept. Using four key concepts, threshold, allegory, and rag-and-bone man related to the experience of flânerie, this dissertation dissects the complex stratification of “space-time”, the “ephemeral character”, and the “art of collecting” in the images of Marker. Also, bringing the new concept “navigation”, as a renewed version of flânerie, the space of L’Ouvroir, the territorialities of Second Life, created in Marker’s last years of his life is analyzed. As a result, in the light of the issues raised by flânerie, we understand that Chris Marker problematizes the modernity and the system of cinematic representation based on the continual search for new visual experience

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Strong scientific evidence suggests that global warming is altering the world's climate and that this phenomenon is being accelerated as a result of human activities. Climate change is affecting weather patterns and, in addition to demonstrated sea-level rise, these in turn have and are likely to continue having significant, mostly negative, impacts - both economic and loss of life - on governments, industries and people. Ocean levels rose between 15 and 20 centimeters in the 20th century, mostly as a result of melting glaciers and thermal expansion of the oceans. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001a: 16) in its 2001 estimate suggests a potential rise in average sea level from nine to 88 centimeters from 1990 to 2100. Areas of risk in the City of Cape Town are residential property, infrastructure and beaches in low-lying areas. These areas are likely to be impacted as a result of increasing sea-level rise and increasing severity and frequency of storms. This study seeks to • demonstrate that sufficient evidence exists to compel decision-makers in the City of Cape Town that climate change and the impacts of sea-level rise and increasing frequency and severity of storms need to be considered in development planning; and • test cost-benefit analysis (through climate change impact analysis) as a tool for decision-makers to consider adaptation measures, using Langebaan as a case study. The research comprises a comprehensive literature study of the impacts of climate change, particularly with respect to coastal areas. A case study based on the eroding beaches at Langebaan is used to test cost-benefit analysis as a tool for decision-makers in dealing with the impacts. Despite the uncertainties associated with the impacts of climate change (time, place and extent) the issues of sea-level rise and severe storms seem to warrant further investigation, especially at a local level. This study provides local context to a global problem and makes recommendations for decision-makers in the City of Cape Town. Climate impact analysis (incorporating cost-benefit analysis) is suggested as a tool to quantify avoided damages at vulnerable coastal sites in the City of Cape Town. In conclusion, the impacts of climate change are a complex and multivariate problem. However, there are a number of identified vulnerable areas along the coastline of the City of Cape Town and using tools like climate impact analysis and cost-benefit analysis may assist in identifying, costing and managing these economic risks before the problem becomes unmanageable - a case for quantifying avoided damage.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sterk wetenskaplike bewyse bestaan dat globale verwarming besig is om die wêreld se klimaat te verander en hierdie verskynsel word versnel deur die mens se handelinge. Klimaatsverandering affekteer weerpatrone en bykomend tot gedemonstreerde stygende seevlakke, sal dit waarskynlik 'n langdurige en meestal negatiewe impak - beide ekonomies en lewensverlies - op regerings, industrieë en mense hê. Seevlakke het in die twintigste eeu met tussen 15 en 20 sentimeter gestyg, meestal as gevolg van smeltende ysberge en hitte uitsetting van die oseane. Die 'International Panel on Climate Change' (IPCC, 2001a: 16) het in hul skatting 'n waarskynlike seevlak styging van tussen 9 en 88 sentimeters voorspel vir die tydperk 1990 - 2100. Risikogebiede in die Stad Kaapstad is residensiële gebiede, infrastruktuur en strande in laagliggende gebiede. Hierdie gebiede sal ge-affekteer word deur stygende seevlakke en groter en meer gereelde storms. Hierdie studie poog om • te demonstreer dat voldoende bewyse bestaan om besluitnemers van die Stad Kaapstad te oortuig dat weerveranderinge en die impak van seevlakstygings en toenemende storms in aanmerking geneem moet word in ontwikkelings beplanning; en • koste-voordeel analises (deur klimaatsverandering impak analises) te beproef as 'n hulpmiddel vir besluitnemers om aanpasbare maatreëls te oorweeg, deur Langebaan as 'n voorbeeld te gebruik. Ten spyte van onsekerhede wat saamgaan met die impak van klimaatverandering (tyd, plek en omvang) regverdig die problem van stygende seevlakke en erge storms verdere ondersoek, meer spesifiek op plaaslike vlak. Hierdie studie gee plaaslike konteks aan 'n globale probleem en maak aanbevelings aan beplanners van die Stad Kaapstad. Klimaat impak analises word as hulpmiddel voorgestel om vermybare skades by kwesbare kusgebiede in die Stad Kaapstad te kwantifiseer. Ten slotte: die impak van klimaatsverandering is 'n komplekse probleem met baie fasette. Nietemin is daar verskere sensitiewe areas langs die kus van Stad Kaapstad, en klimaat impak analises en koste-voordeel analises kan help met die identifisering, kosteberekening en bestuur van hierdie ekonomiese risiko areas, voordat dit onhanteerbaar raak.

Recent advancements in mobile phone technology have al- lowed mobile augmented reality (MAR) to become feasible. Today’s mobile phones have enough computing power to dis- play augmented reality content and new frameworks make MAR development more accessible. It is no surprise that one of the most popular areas of applications are city tours as this has been a target field since the early days of aug- mented reality (AR) [8]. Without altering the appearance of the city, virtual content can be placed to bring hidden information, such as the city’s history, closer to tourists. The most common choice of the tracking method for this type of application is location-based tracking. Relying only on the GPS signal and sensors like the accelerometer and the gyroscope, the position of the phone is tracked. The location of the digital content in the real world is given by geospatial coordinates. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the sensors is insu⇥cient for accurate placement. Furthermore, the technology’s main advantage over other techniques, such as marker-based tracking, is that the application does not require any change in the city environment. In contrast to that, the other leading technique, marker-based tracking, is a computer vision technology that requires visual clues to work. Marker images would have to be placed in the city for the marker-based tracking technology to function. How- ever, location-based tracking can cause erratic behaviour of the virtual objects, which decreases the quality of the ex- perience. This paper compares location-based and marker- based tracking to show the user experience strengths and weaknesses of both methods to provide design guidelines for choosing the most suitable tracking technology when de- veloping an outdoor walking application. In order to un- cover the strengths and weaknesses, one experimental proto- types for each tracking technology has been developed. The analysis of the results of a controlled user study highlights the comparative strengths and weaknesses of each technol- ogy, location-based and marker-based tracking. The mea- sured user experience di⇤erences demonstrate that for scenes where AR application designers and city o⇥cials are lead- ing to incorporate visual markers, visual-based tracking will outperform location-based tracking.
En jämförande studie av spårningsmetoder för en utomhusapplikation för guidade stadsresor genom AR på mobiltelefoner. Nya tekniska framsteg för mobiltelefoner har gjort Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) genomförbart. Dagens mobiltelefoner har tillräcklig beräknings-förmåga för att visa Augmented Reality (AR) innehåll och nya frameworks gör MAR- utveckling mer tillgänglig. Det är ingen överraskning att ett av de mest populära användningsområdena är stadsresor eftersom det har varit ett fokus sedan de första dagarna av AR. Utan att ändra utseendet av staden kan virtuellt innehåll placeras för att föra gömd information, till exempel stadens historia, närmare turisterna. Det vanligaste valet av spårningsmetod för dessa AR- applikationer är platsbaserad spårning. Genom endast förlitande på GPS-signaloch sensorer som accelerometern och gyroskop spåras positionen och rotationenav telefonen, och platsen av det digitala innehållet i den verkliga världen ges av geospatiala koordinater. Tyvärr är noggrannheten hos sensorerna ej tillräcklig för korrekt placering. Teknikens största fördel jämfört med andra tekniker, till exempel markörbaserad spårning, är att applikationen inte kräver förändringar i stadsmiljön. I kontrast till det är den andra ledande tekniken,markörbaserad spårning, en datasynteknik som kräver visuella indikationer för att fungera. Markörbilder skulle behöva placeras i staden för att den markörbaserade spårtekniken ska fungera. Emellertid kan platsbaserad spårning orsaka oregelbundet beteende hos de virtuella objekten, vilket minskar kvaliteten på upplevelsen. I denna rapport jämförs platsbaserad och markörbaserad spårning för att visa styrkor och svageter med användarupplevelsen i båda metoderna. Detta görs i syfte av att ge designriktlinjer för att välja den mest lämpliga spårningstekniken för utveckling av en utomhusapplikation. För att finna dessa styrkor och svagheter implementerades en experimentell prototyp för varje spårningsteknik. Analysen av användarstudieren framhäver de motsvarande styrkorna och svagheterna hos platsbaserad och markörbaserad spårning. De mättaskillnaderna inom användarupplevelsen visar att för scener där AR-applikationsdesigners och stadens tjänstemän är villiga att införa visuella markörer så är markörbaserad spårning bättre än platsbaserad spårning.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2014
The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) is escalating in South Africa (SA). Studies suggest that poor nutrition plays a major role in the aetiology of these diseases. Phytochemicals present in plant foods, namely fruit, vegetables, whole grains and tea, may prevent the onset of CDL. Most South African diets appear to be deficient of these plant foods. Achieving enhanced phytochemical intake amongst South Africans may therefore have to be supported in other ways. The objectives of this research were to determine whether consumers in the professional sector in the City of Cape Town would be (i) likely to consume proficient home-cooked category prepared dishes and (ii) purchase and consume commercially manufactured category prepared dishes for enhanced phytochemical intake and, if so, (iii) which dietary source adjustment category/categories and (iv) food vehicle category/categories they would be likely to consume, and (v) who would be likely to consume them. After obtaining ethical approval, a survey was conducted amongst 184 white collar workers (87% response rate) representing the professional sector (professional, technician and associate professional) occupational groups. The respondents were approached for voluntary participation based on their occupation and age, representing adulthood to the elderly life stage as a risk factor for the development of lifestyle diseases. A pilot-tested questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding the respondents awareness of phytochemicals, whether or not they were involved in the preparation of food at home, their degree of ‘likelihood’ to consume proficient home-cooked and commercially manufactured category prepared dishes for enhanced phytochemical intake, their current daily intake of fruit, vegetables, whole grains and tea, and demographic, health and lifestyle information. The frequencies of the respondents’ consumption of phytochemical-rich dietary sources pertaining to the stages of change model were assessed using Pearson’s chi-squared analysis to determine significant associations/differences (p < 0.05) between the data sets. The repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) on Bonferroni correction was used to assess the ‘likeliness’ scale (from ‘extremely unlikely’ as ‘1’ to ‘extremely likely’ as ‘5’) for the household and commercial dietary source adjustment and food vehicle categories. The respondents were mostly female (58.7%), 31 to 44 years of age (67.9%) and of White ethnicity (72.3%). The majority (61.5%) had obtained grade 12 and a diploma (29.4%) or a degree (32.1%). Almost half were married or living together with children (48.9%) and were English (48.9%) or Afrikaans (47.3%) speaking. The majority of respondents were non-smokers (69%), and approximately half (54.4%) consumed alcohol less than three times per week (54.4%). About fifty percent used dietary supplements (50.5%) and exercised (59.2%) regularly. A small percentage of the respondents were obese (7.6%), had diabetes mellitus (4.4%) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer (2.2% or four respondents each). Cancer was most prevalent (36.4%) within the respondents’ family, followed by diabetes mellitus (29.9%), CVD (26.6%) and obesity (7.6%). The majority (77.7%) were not aware of phytochemicals and about half (55.4%) could not indicate the role these compounds play in the human diet. Half of the respondents consumed the recommended two to four servings of fruit daily, very few (10.9%) consumed the recommended three to five servings of vegetables daily, only about 10% (9.2% or 17 respondents) consumed the recommended three servings of whole grains daily, and about a third (36.4%) consumed two to three cups of tea daily. The respondents who considered phytochemicals to be very necessary to support health were more likely to consume rooibos herbal tea added to category prepared dishes than those who considered phytochemicals to be necessary to support health (p < 0.05) and those who did not know the role phytochemicals played in the diet (p < 0.05). The likelihood to consume category prepared dishes with added vegetables and added fruit respectively was lower (p < 0.05) amongst those respondents who consumed none to one serving of vegetables daily than amongst those who consumed two to four servings of vegetables daily. The respondents who did not consume tea were less likely to consume category prepared dishes with added rooibos herbal tea than those who consumed one cup (p < 0.05) or two to three cups (p < 0.001) daily. Furthermore, the respondents who did not consume tea were also less likely to consume category prepared dishes with added herbs than those who consumed one cup (p < 0.05), two to three cups (p < 0.001) or four to six cups (p < 0.05) daily. The likelihood to consume category prepared dishes with fruit additions was lower amongst those respondents who did not consume tea than amongst those who consumed two to three cups (p < 0.05) or four to six cups (p < 0.05) daily. The respondents were more likely (p < 0.05) to consume herb, vegetable and fruit additions respectively than rooibos herbal tea addition, and more likely to consume vegetable additions than herb (p < 0.05) or fruit (p < 0.001) additions as dietary source adjustment options. Furthermore, vegetable additions to category prepared dishes were more likely to be consumed by the respondents than fruit additions (p < 0.001), and starch-based dishes more likely to be consumed than vegetable-based dishes (p < 0.001) or fruit-based dishes (p < 0.05) for the addition of rooibos herbal tea. The respondents were likely to consume the food vehicle categories egg and chicken for added herbs in comparison to other starch (p < 0.05) and vegetables (p < 0.001) respectively. Chicken was a likely option over pasta for added broccoli (p < 0.05). Crêpe was a likely option over compote for added mixed berries (p < 0.001). Potato was a likely option over vegetables (p < 0.05) as well as other starch over vegetables (p < 0.05) for added herbs. Carrot salad with raisins was a likely option above carrot salad with raisins and parsley (p < 0.05). Poached pear in red grape juice was a likely option over poached pear in rooibos herbal tea (p < 0.001). Tomato (p < 0.001) and broccoli (p < 0.05) were more likely to be consumed than spinach, while spinach (p < 0.05) and roasted butternut (p < 0.05) respectively were likely options over onion as vegetables added to a quiche. Onion was a less likely option over broccoli (p < 0.001), tomato (p < 0.001) and roasted butternut (p < 0.001) as respective vegetables in a soup. Tomato soup was a likely option over tomato soup with rooibos herbal tea (p < 0.001). Roasted butternut soup was a likely option over butternut and orange soup (p < 0.001) and butternut and rosemary soup (p < 0.001). Berries as fruit addition were a likely option over pome fruit as pear (p < 0.05) and citrus fruit (p < 0.001), and furthermore citrus fruit over pome fruit as pear (p < 0.05). Raw apple with its skin on was a more likely option over chicken breast salad with apple pieces (p < 0.001), and chicken breast salad with apple a likely option over chicken and apple casserole (p < 0.001). Parsley was a likely option over basil (p < 0.001), and mixed herbs (p < 0.001) and rosemary (p < 0.001) respectively were likely options over basil as herb addition. Commercially manufactured category prepared dishes likely to be purchased and consumed by the respondents included category prepared dishes with added fibre more than added herbs (p < 0.05), fruit (p < 0.001), vegetables (p < 0.001) or tea (p < 0.001), and added herbs than added vegetables (p < 0.05) or tea (p < 0.05). Pizza/pasta was a likely option over beverages (p < 0.05), grains/bake (p < 0.001) and dairy (p < 0.001) respectively, and baked goods than grains/bake (p < 0.001), dairy (p < 0.001) and beverages (p < 0.05) respectively as food vehicles. A baked dish with added fibre was more likely to be consumed than with added fruit (p < 0.001), tea (p < 0.001) or vegetables (p < 0.001), and added fruit more likely to be consumed than added vegetables (p < 0.05). Pasta incorporating vegetables was a more likely option than pasta incorporating fruit (p < 0.001). Shortbread with added fruit was a likely option over added herbs (p < 0.05), and a muffin with bran (p < 0.001) or blueberries (p < 0.001) a likely option over a muffin with spinach. Fruit juice incorporating rooibos herbal tea (p < 0.001) or herbs (p < 0.001) were likely options over fibre incorporation. The female respondents were more likely to consume category prepared dishes with added fruit than the male respondents (p < 0.05), while the older respondents (55 to 64 years) were more likely to consume category prepared dishes with added herbs than the younger respondents (31 to 44 years) (p < 0.05). The older respondents were also more likely to consume category prepared dishes with fruit additions than the younger respondents aged 31 to 44 (p < 0.05) and 45 to 54 (p < 0.05) respectively. The respondents involved in the preparation of food at home were more likely to consume category prepared dishes with the addition of rooibos herbal tea (p < 0.05), herbs (p < 0.05) and fruit (p < 0.05) respectively than those who were not involved in preparing food at home.

The construction of each building appears with respect to the space between others. These volumes give way to future edifications. Each proposal participates in the inexhaustible character of the urban complex that surrounds it. The square can mean both free space for the project itself from which it derives, as an extension or part of the surrounding buildings. Hence the interest in this study is based on the scope of "dilating the space between buildings", at the same time, as they are incorporated into its vicinity according to the existence of buildings that accompany it. The research focuses on ten buildings located on the island of Manhattan, amid its network of streets and avenues, where each square meter of constructed solar and roof area achieves astronomical values. We try to deepen the decisions of the architect Gordon Bunshaft from his work in Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in the office SOM New York, around the occupation of the plot of land and its sensitivity with respect to the singularities of its proximities. The advantages of the generous concessions of free collective space of each project for the city are studied being considerable conscious of the cost and how they revert the options, in benefits of the interest of their neighborhoods. New York City and its grid have been taken as a laboratory to recognize, analyze, and compare ways of formalizing the bonds of the architectural object around it. The meaning of the differences that appear in the solutions that are possibly equivalent for "lot or combinatorial lots in a block, whole blocks or series of blocks"; the interlocking of the margins of each element, with its own structural order and constructive modules, and that of adjacent pieces, as an articulated sequence that spins around the urban fabric that characterizes the Big Apple. The operational resources, assumed in the daily practice of architectural design, which will multiply according to the ability to recognize the circumstances of the origin without end, and in conjunction with the skill of applying techniques and materials with those that are counted on. It is the interest to satisfy the curiosity to glimpse what resolves to be the appearance of each curtain of glasses in the surroundings of the city. It is a matter of inquiring into the cunning of doing much with little. The key is to be found in the subtlety of knowing what is available at each project opportunity and in the combining precision of a renewed formed value systems that will be tested and developed at different levels of intervention, from the smallest to those of greater scope. The professional work of the architect, in devising the structure of the building to be incorporated in the congested warp of the island of Manhattan, sets in function in certain ways of responding to the place, which make it the catalyzing effect that marks the difference between the before and after of the area. The architecture recognizes and studies the initial conditions of the lot, and then, offers them back in favor of the nearby context from the building that is in creation.
Cada edificio aparece en presencia de otros edificios, en relación y constatación con otras edificaciones; estos volúmenes resultan inclusiones que a su vez han de facilitar los vínculos a futuras intervenciones próximas. Cada propuesta participa del carácter inagotable del conjunto urbano que le rodea; una plaza puede significar tanto un espacio libre para el propio proyecto del que deriva, como extensión o parte de los edificios cercanos. De aquí el interés por el estudio sobre el alcance de "dilatar el espacio entre edificios", al tiempo que se incorporan a su inmediación en acuerdo a las permanencias que le acompañan. La investigación se centra en diez edificios situados en la isla de Manhattan, entre su entramado de calles y avenidas, donde cada metro cuadrado de área de solar y de techo construido alcanza valores astronómicos. Se intenta profundizar en las decisiones del arquitecto Gordon Bunshaft desde su labor en Skidmore, Owings & Merrill en la oficina SOM New York, en torno a la ocupación de la parcela y a la sensibilidad respecto a las singularidades de sus proximidades. Se estudian las ventajas de las generosas cesiones de espacio colectivo libre de cada proyecto para la ciudad, considerables a conciencia del coste que significan y del cómo revierten la apuesta, en beneficios que fecundan a sus vecindades. Se ha tomado New York City y su retícula como laboratorio para reconocer, analizar y comparar los modos de formalizar el ligamen del objeto arquitectónico a su alrededor; para descubrir el sentido que tienen las diferencias que aparecen en las soluciones posiblemente equivalentes para "lotes o combinatoria de lotes de manzana, manzanas enteras o serie de manzanas"; y para discurrir sobre la trabazón de los márgenes de cada elemento, con su propio orden estructural y módulo constructivo, y el de las piezas contiguas, a modo de secuencia articulada que hila el tejido urbano que caracteriza a la Gran Manzana. Es pensar en recursos operativos, asumidos en la práctica cotidiana del proyectar arquitectónico, que se multiplicarán sin fin, de acuerdo a la habilidad de reconocimiento de las circunstancias de origen, y en conjunción a la destreza de aplicación de las técnicas y de los materiales con los que se cuente. Es el interés por satisfacer la curiosidad al vislumbrar qué resuelve la aparición de cada cortina de cristal en su entorno de ciudad. Se trata de indagar en la astucia del hacer mucho con poco. La clave se hallará en la sutileza del saber ver de lo que se dispone de inicio en cada oportunidad de proyecto y, en la precisión combinatoria de renovados sistemas de valores formales que se probarán y desarrollarán de manera progresiva en los distintos niveles de intervención, desde las más pequeñas a las de mayor envergadura. El quehacer profesional del arquitecto, al idear el volumen a incorporar en la congestionada trama de Manhattan, pone en marcha ciertos modos de respuesta al lugar, que lo convierten en el medio catalizador, impulsor y motor que marca la diferencia entre el antes y el después de su enclave. La arquitectura reconoce, estudia, convoca, talla, amolda, las condiciones iniciales del solar y luego, nos las ofrece de vuelta en un favorecido contexto próximo desde el edificio que crea.

Berlin, de 1961 à 1989, est une ville divisée, partagée par un mur de béton séparant l'Est, capitale de la République démocratique allemande, de l'Ouest, îlot isolé de la République fédérale d'Allemagne. Front de la Guerre froide, les caméras s'en sont emparées. Filmer Berlin, ce n’était pas seulement montrer un territoire urbain précis et délimité, c'était porter à l’écran un espace régi par un contexte historique, social et politique extrêmement prégnant traduisant de fortes spécificités. Deux systèmes de représentation de l’espace urbain ont coexisté dès 1945 nourris d’éléments propres à chaque partie de la ville et de formes esthétiques spécifiques. À partir du 13 août 1961, date de la construction du Mur, la réalité de la division de la ville s'acte dans le béton. Le cinéma s'en est fait le témoin. Ces images, celles de Soi, celles de l’Autre peuvent être envisagées comme des produits de deux sociétés avec leurs symbolismes propres, leurs codes socioculturels et leurs histoires parallèles. Elles sont à ce titre révélatrices de la manière dont a été montré Berlin. Ces deux imageries participent à la construction d’une identité urbaine plurielle, tendant parfois à revêtir un caractère protéiforme dont il importe de questionner les aspects. C’est aux expressions filmées de cette altérité, de cet espace urbain singulier, que cette thèse d'études cinématographiques s'attache. Au carrefour de plusieurs observatoires disciplinaires et avec une démarche géo-centrée, elle propose un essai de topographie cinématographique
From 1961 to 1989, Berlin is a divided city, split by a concrete wall separating the eastern part, capital city of the German Democratic Republic, from the western one, isolated island of the German Federal Republic. Frontline of the Cold War, the cameras captured it.Filming Berlin was not only depicting a precise and bound urban territory, it was bringing to the screen a space ruled by a very significant historical, social and political context conveying strong specificities. Two systems of representation of the urban space coexisted as soon as 1945, fueled by each side of town’s own elements and specific aesthetic forms. From August 13th 1961, the day the Wall was built, the reality of the division of the city is made concrete-solid. Cinema was made the witness of this reality. These pictures, of the Self, of the Other, can be considered as products of both societies, with their own symbolisms, their sociocultural codes and parallel histories. As such, they are indicative of the way Berlin has been shown.Both imageries take part in the construction of a plural urban identity, that sometimes tends towards a shape-shifting hallmark, whose aspects it seems important to question. This PhD in cinematic studies endeavours to describe, analyse and interpret the filmed expressions of this alterity, this singular urban space. At the crossroad of several disciplinary fields and in a geo-centered approach, it offers an essay on cinematic topography

碩士
台南應用科技大學
美術系碩士班
105
In contemporary society, the existence of imagery advertising in the streets of the city is a common phenomenon, and most people have long been accustomed to this phenomenon. However, as Jheng, Zih-Long (2015) puts it, "Advertising reflects the current state of the society and becomes a" mirror "of society. What kind of society does advertising have. " In this thesis, the researcher take the imagery advertising as studying text, street photography as practicing way, and artworks of his own as analyzing object. By reading and collecting the literature, the researcher attempt not noly to explore the social implications for a more in-depth behind the advertising, but also to clarify the characteristics and practice of street photography through the analysis of relevant literature and photography. Based on the above, the researcher try to use various types of street images around him as the medium of creation and photography, and also try to leave photography records of contemporary life by observing and photographing through his own viewpoints. In addition, the researcher, through elaborating his own creative ideas and analyzing his own artworks, will allow the viewer to gain a deeper understanding of the author''s artworks and achieve the idea that the researcher wishes to convey through his artworks. The researchers also hope to use this research as a starting point. By constantly photographing, researching, thinking and revising the process, acquire in-depth exploration of the subject''s method, and to be in the future creation can have a broader direction.

Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Architecture to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017
The world is standing on the cusp of a third industrial revolution that will see an explosion of creativity, knowledge creation and innovation. South Africa is at the forefront of a different revolution, one that is concerned with the access to knowledge and education. While these revolutions are somewhat different, they fight for the same ideal; that is a world where information and education are available to all, such that people are inspired to innovate, create and empower themselves through the development and use of new knowledge. These revolutions will be facilitated by a number of factors, but what is architecture’s role? This research report discusses a makerspace as an architectural response to the coming knowledge revolution and what this typology means in the context of Johannesburg, South Africa. The author makes reference to the theoretical understanding of maker culture as the celebration of creativity and innovation and that a makerspace facilitates access to the tools and space required so that anyone can make. The intent of this research report is to create an architectural intervention based on extensive research of related theories, careful analysis of the context and various precedent studies. The key issue is determining how the typology affects and is affected by the context. The author utilises the context of Newtown, Johannesburg for the intervention due to its history as a primarily industrial area that grew into a cultural hub of the city. In a World where knowledge has become a privatised commodity, this research report explores how architecture, specifically in the form of a makerspace, can democratise access to information, empower the individual and the community, and boost a stagnant local economy through the encouragement of entrepreneurship.
MT2017

碩士
大葉大學
環境工程學系研究所
107
In this study Maker education was incorporated into environmental education curriculum to explore the learning effectiveness in terms of cognition and attitude. An experimental research was applied with two group of second grade students in Kao-Mei elementary school, in which 19 students in class A for experiment group and 19 students in class B for control group. The experimental group implements the teaching method of the Maker education and supplements it with the green map. The control group implements the teaching method of lecture and supplements it with learning sheet. A quantified analysis is carried out on the cognition and attitude of students’ learning effectiveness through pre-test and post-test questionnaires. Also, a sensibility interview is applied on some students at experimental group for supplement of qualitative analysis. According to the research results, the research conclusions are listed as follows: 1. Students have significant differences in cognition and attitude for environmental education courses through incorporation of Maker education into curriculum. 2. The incorporation of Maker education into the environmental education curriculum has a better learning effect in terms of cognition and attitude than the implementation of normal teaching method of lecture. 3. The schoolchildren have high acceptance of the incorporation of Maker education into the environmental education curriculum, which can appropriately induce learning motivation and the learning process can maintain a happy mood, too. 4. Maker education can really improve the students' thinking expression, problem solving and creative performance. 5. It is recommended that teachers can set up a professional development community for teachers to practice the theory of Maker education, performance research, and promote cross-disciplinary preparation, and train teachers to cultivate interdisciplinary teaching ability to enhance ability of Maker education.

博士
國立臺北教育大學
教育經營與管理學系
107
The purpose is to investigate the relationship between the principals' wisdom leadership, teachers’ maker education and school effectiveness in the elementary schools in Taipei city, to study the elements and principals' practice of principals' wisdom leadership, to explore the teaching process and present status of teachers' maker education, to analyze the core indicators and the conformity of School effectiveness. Finally, it assesses the proper fit of the structural equation model among principals' wisdom leadership, teachers' maker education and school effectiveness in the elementary schools in Taipei. To achieve the purposes, this study adopts a questionnaire survey. " The investigative questionnaire of relationships among principals' wisdom leadership, teachers' maker education and school effectiveness in the Elementary Schools in Taipei" is the main tool in use. The samples were 861 teachers selected from 58 elementary schools in Taipei city, and 790 of the distributed copies were returned as valid. The return rate was 91.75%. A series of statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, product-moment correlation and structural equation model are conducted to analyze the data collected. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. Elementary schools in Taipei city principals' practice have high-performance on their wisdom leadership in various aspects in " Knowledge " ," Technology "," Ability "and " Value ".It should improve " Technology " to achieve wisdom leadership. 2. Elementary schools in Taipei city teachers have above medium-performance on their teachers' maker education in various aspects in " Learning instructional design " ," Operational learning "," Knowledge module "and " Learning Product". It should improve " Knowledge module " to achieve teachers maker education. 3. Elementary schools in Taipei city have above medium-performance on their school effectiveness in various aspects in " Administrative management ", " Teacher competencies ", " Student learning outcomes" and " Educational resources". It should improve " Student learning outcomes" to achieve school effectiveness. 4. Educators' perception of pincipals' wisdom leadership does cause significant differences by different background variables（gender, service period , position and school sizes）. Male senior executive teachers have a general concern for the principals' wisdom leadership. 5. Educators' perception of teachers' maker education does cause significant differences by different background variables（age , service period and school sizes）. In the younger generation of teachers , small and medium-sized schools, Maker education has a rich appearance. 6. Educators' perception of schools effectiveness does cause significant differences by different background variables（service period , position and school sizes）. In the Administrative management, the teacher's perception is more obvious. 7. There is a significant positive correlation among principal wisdom leadership, teacher maker education and schools effectiveness. Developing the maker education knowledge module and enhancing teacher competencies are the highlights of school effectiveness. 8. The proper fit of structural equation model among principals’ wisdom leadership, teachers' maker education and schools effectiveness is assessed as positive and can explain the relationships among main variables. 9. Teachers' maker education has patial mediating effect on th relationship between principals' wisdom leadership and school effectiveness. According to the conclusions, some suggestions are provided as references for department of education, principals in elementary schools, school teachers and future follow-up study. Key words：principals' wisdom leadership, teachers' maker education, school effectiveness

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
社會與區域發展學系碩士班
105
In recent years, the Maker Education is considered to be the most important part of the new generation education. At the education venue, people can often find that the participation of teachers is insufficient; and from the number of schools and teachers shows that they concentrate in the urban areas. The study aims to probe into the key factors which affect the willingness of elementary school teachers to participate in the maker education. Through the relevant literature and interviews, this study summarizes the six perspectives and thirty factors, and uses the Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) to analyze and evaluate the causal relationship and the importance ranking between the primary school teachers and the key factors of the maker education participation. In order to study the interrelationship, influence and weighting between the factors, the study utilized the hybrid MCDM, obtaining the impact factors by Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM), Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Analytic Network Process (ANP), and combining with semi-structured interviews and MCDM; then establish the weighting system of the elementary school maker’s educational policy. The results of the empirical study show the causal relationship between factors based on DEMATEL. According to the NRM of factors interaction and the weighting of ANP, the study concludes the first six key factors are "Developing Teacher Community", "Teachers’ Learning and Enhancement", "Introducing the teachers from industry", "Build the exclusive space", "Acquiring the equipment" and "School development characteristics". In addition, the semi-structured interviews about the characteristics of teachers' interest show that the factors which affect the participation of elementary school teachers are "the teachers' own interests" and "parents support the participation". Finally, basing on the literature and the study’s results, the study makes suggestions to be provided as a reference to the teachers, the schools, the educational administration, and the future research.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
教育經營與管理學系
105
The purpose of this study is to explore teaching effectiveness of the practical total, i.e. KTAV Learning Recipes, of the intelligent education applied, and analysis its value.Based on adopting case study method, we study the efficiency of marine education of senior students in Pitoues Elementary School, Ruifang area, New Taipei City by collecting feedback information from student, peer class teacher observation records, and data processing. The study is to evaluate the value of the KTAV learning recipe applying in marine education. The research seperates into four stages. Each stage has two classes, and eight classes in total. Third to sixth grade as an example by Pitoues Elementary School. Finally, conclusions and suggestions summarize the future implementation of the ocean-related the KTAV learning recipe as reference. This study suggests that: 1.KTAV unit learning recipes help students to acquire useful knowledge. 2.KTAV unit learning recipes can effectively decode from the subject knowledge to the operative technology for students. 3.KTAV teaching can lead students have abilities to accomplish actual works. 4.Using KTAV teaching can lead students to gradually build a new knowledge module. 5.KTAV teaching can help students to carry out a valuable learning. 6.KTAV teaching model helps students studying the four-in-one, "knowledge, technology, ability, value", wisdom education, the four-in-one, "creative, able to create, and then innovation, do a pioneer" maker education. 7.KTAV teaching model of the wisdom and the innovation validates the existence and application of "knowledge transfer theory". 8.KTAV unit learning recipes can effectively guide the teaching and the learning of marine education. Additionally, based on the results, we propose advices to people, who is educationist of the KTAV learning recipe and applies wisdom education to schools, as a reference for future related researches.

碩士
銘傳大學
公共事務學系兩岸關係與安全管理碩士在職專班
102
Taipei City was officially announced to host 2017 Universiades by International University Sports Federation (FISU). Ever since the Olypmic Gmaes, the Universiades have continued to attract more and more countries and participants. The expansion of university sport around the world created a new need for meets and competitions to complete the Universiade programme. As a consequence, it is also an opportunity for Taipei City to involve international affair and introduce itself to the world since Deaflympic 2009 and Flora Expo 2010. To host International sports games, prepared within all majority fields in administration, including Massive public works projects or municipal construction. Since Munich massacre 1975, Olympics budget problem crash down Athens 2004 and Boston Marathon bombings 2013, etc. Those cases study shows that the “Risk Arrangements” are truly necessary to be well-established, not only the damage of public property or loss of assets but also the cost of life. Thesis of study case focuses on related references research and methods of “Risk Managements”. And there are 7 topics involved, “Organization and Strategic Development ”, ”Field organize and prepare”, ”Media Relation and Operate Planning”, ”Personnel participate and Completion organize”, ”Security management of execution” and “Others”. Then we sort out questions by most likely dangerous fields and execute questionnaire survey to persons who were security categorizations, such as military, police and professional instructors, etc. Input data running by ORMIT soft program, turned the result to Risk Management occur rate and Affection rate. And the results proved that works well and practical. Results of study: Extremely High risk level 2, one case in total. High risk level 4, 36 cases in total. Risk Ration is declining by evaluation results. And Average Risk Index (ARI) is going down to 6.34 from 15.58 (original ARI). ARI 6.34 is lower comparing with simulating ARI data 8.99. More, the Average Risk Rate (ARR) is going down to Low Risk level 15 (L-15) from High Risk level 5(H-5). ARR L-15 is lower comparing with simulating ARR data Middle Risk level 12. Those data proved mostly likely improvement suggestion of thesis are effective and working.

碩士
國立中山大學
政治學研究所
96
Increased cooperation among in people leads to social growth and security and encourage public interaction and cooperation. The government has established the mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team to provide more care and services to the public, encouraging cooperation among the local people and the government, in order to improve the every day life of the public. The basis of the idea of empowering the public comes from the fact that the government has limited resources and abilities. Therefore, when it comes to building a better society, it is both practical and beneficial to involve the community. However, what resources has the government offered to the community in order to allow them to better contribute to the public goal? On the other hand, what does the community and the mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team feel about the government’ s support? The work environment, requirements, and moral are critical to their performance. This paper analyses and studies the relationships among these elements in order to review the mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team’s activities and strategic plans. The study looks at things such as how is a team’s performance is affected by whether or not the individual members are satisfied. Using a variety of survey and analysis technicques, this study seeks to understand how to improve the efficiency of mutual attention makes an inspection tour the team. The study focuses on studying the aforementioned issues of the Sanmin Distric Office Kaohsiung City and hopes to discover more empirical data to further support future development and strategic planning for increasing public cooperation through mutual attention makes an inspection tour the teams.

碩士
大葉大學
休閒事業管理學系碩士班
98
This research aimed at exploring relationships of serious leisure traits, leisure experience and life satisfaction among handicraft makers. Using a convenience sampling and snowball sampling , Taichung residents who were customers and learners of handicraft stores were recruited as the study subjects. Of the 560 questionnaires distributed, 500 were completed returned. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, reliability test, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression. A majority of the samples were female, 30-39 years old, university educated, had no full-time job, married, had children living at home, with a monthly discretionary income of under $10,000. Participation in handicraft was 2-4 years, and practiced was 3 -6 hours weekly, with an annual expense of $5,000-$10,000. Weaving was the most common choice of craft. The particepants rated their skills at 6 out of 10 and challenge of the craft at 8 out of 10. The results indicated that: 1. There were significant differences in serious leisure traits with different background. 2. There were significant differences in leisure experience with different age, level of education and marital status. 3. There were significant differences in life satisfaction with different age, level of education and marital status. 4. There was a significant positive relationship between handicraft makers’ participation behavior and serious leisure traits. 5. There was a significant positive relationship between handicraft makers’ participation behavior and leisure experience. 6. There was a significant positive relationship between handicraft makers’ serious leisure traits and leisure experience. 7. There was a significant positive relationship between handicraft makers’ serious leisure traits and life satisfaction. 8. There was a significant positive relationship between handicraft makers’ leisure experience and life satisfaction. 9. Handicraft makers’ serious leisure traits, leisure experience show significant predictive power in life satisfaction. At last, based on the findings and a comprehensive discussion and recommendation were offered to related organizations, leisure practitioners and future researchers.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
社會與區域發展學系碩士班
98
Abstract: The study explores the viewpoints of the parents of primary school students about what makes a teacher efficient, and also compares the differences in the viewpoints among parents of different social-economic status. The result of the study is intended to help teachers to enhance their teaching performance and to facilitate their professional growth. The research method was interviewing. Firstly all kinds of related research was collected and studied. The parents were appropriately grouped. Seven dimensions about a teacher were explored in the loosely structured interview: gender, age, educational background, expertise, personality, control of the class and teaching evaluation. The research shows that the different conditions and backgrounds of the parents do not have a big influence on how they judge a teacher’s efficiency. Generally speaking, a good personality of a teacher is valued most by the parents as the factor that makes a teacher efficient. They also believe that an efficient teacher has the expertise to 1) timely praise or encourage students, 2) judge the students learning situation in different ways and 3) manage and control the class smoothly. Gender, age and educational background are not considered as important determinants for an efficient teacher. Accordingly, it is suggested that a teacher should take the important factors into account; should strengthen his or her ability in self-reflection and in staying calm; and should strive for continuous self improvement. Schools should provide many different resources to help teachers and parents to communicate and should pay more attention to parents’ needs when arranging suitable teachers for different school years. Teachers should be encouraged to continue studying, and to attend teaching skills and emotion management seminars. Finally, it is suggested that a parent should check to see if there is any difference between his or her viewpoint and the important factors presented by this study. A parent should communicate with the school timely, so the school will have a better understanding of the parent’s needs.

碩士
淡江大學
國際貿易學系國際企業學碩士在職專班
96
Due to the progress of the whole society and the advance of the living standard, Cosmetics have turned to be part of the living commodities. The consumers’ age in the cosmetic market is trending downward. According to the 2001 survey of the Ministry of the Interior, the teenagers aged 12 to 14 in the north of Taiwan have pocket money 4,162 dollars per month. With such a huge commercial possibility, gaining the teenagers’ brand loyalty has become the essential marketing strategy for each business. In the past, teenagers’ brand loyalty of coloring make-up is seldom researched. Therefore, the thesis aims to analyze the relationship between the brand loyalty and the four independent variables, namely, consumers’ quality, marketing activities, brand image and price cognition. Consumers’ brand loyalty depends on consumers. The thesis applies the method of quota sampling to do the research on the vocational high school 3rd grade female students of the Beauty Cosmetics Department in Taipei County and Taipei City. By the method of quota sampling, the thesis, therefore, does the factor analysis. In addition, the thesis applies the multiple comparative method to analyze the relations between population statistics and consumers’ quality, marketing activities and price cognizance. Furthermore, regression analysis and variable analysis are also applied to help realize the relations between the population statistics and brand royalty. The results of the study are as follows: 1.Shiseido (TMC) takes the first prize as the coloring make-up brand bought the most. 2.Consumers’ quality and price cognizance have no obvious influences on the brand royalty. 3.Information sources and consumers’ interests have influences on the rate of expenditure and the frequency of purchase. 4.Marketing activities have obvious influences on the brand royalty. 5.Product design has more obvious influences on the product awareness and quality does. 6.Product design, product awareness and quality, shopping convenience have influences on the frequency of purchase. 7.Product design and marketing activities have influences on the rate of cosmetic expenditure.

碩士
國立臺南大學
國民教育研究所教育行政碩士班
92
The distribution of educational budget will effect development of education deeply. At the present day, the most basic problem of national education finance is the city and county government have insufficient financial income with the result that they are unable to afford national education finance. As well as the limited educational resource, how to distribute and make use of budget seem especially important. The purpose of this research is to confer that how educational staffs of elementary schools distribute and make use of budget, and how is actual effect. Researching methods will adopt documents analysis and investigation study. Proceeding documents analysis to develop theory frame of this research; and proceeding to the next step on questionnaire investigation by main answer objects of school principals, directors, organizers, and teachers in Tainan County (City). After collecting information, we carry statistics analysis out to catch the main conclusions as follow: 1. Questions of School: Focus on “ The notion of how to distribute and make use of budget. ” We can know that there are different levels, which goes from the easy to the difficult, of notion. In “ Individual background” item, there are sex (male), serving year (many), function of office (high), and level of education (above research institute) in order. In “ Environment background” items, there are school scope (below 24 classes and above 25 classes) and area of school (Tainan City) in order. We have to think over more when get over latter. The most important subject of thinking over how school carry out distribution and development of budget is “School Demand”. And the key factor to influence make policy is “ School principal’s thought of running a school”. 2. Questions of City and County: Focus on “ The notion of how to distribute and make use of budget. ” We can know that there are different levels, which goes from the easy to the difficult, of notion. In “ Individual background” item, there are sex (male), serving year (many), function of office (high), and level of education (above research institute) in order. In “ Environment background” items, there are school scope (below 24 classes and above 25 classes) and area of school (Tainan City) in order. We have to think over more when get over latter. School examine committee of City (County) government of educational unit in City (County) government should use as “Not arrange position is name list, but grade” to show the effect of school examine. And when they distribute budget, they should strengthen dealing with students with special background and should give first place to “poor but clean and honest students” Public Subject: Handling of system includes decision-making power, administration inefficiency, personnel matters by pedaling one’s influence includes, being short of professionals, serious problems of teachers hold two or more posts concurrently, deficiency of budget, and distribution not fit in with demand. The most suggestions from testee are about problems of system, and then there are problems of budget, personnel matters, and others in order. 3. Public Subject: Handling of system includes decision-making power, administration inefficiency, personnel matters by pedaling one’s influence includes, being short of professionals, serious problems of teachers hold two or more posts concurrently, deficiency of budget, and distribution not fit in with demand. The most suggestions from testee are about problems of system, and then there are problems of budget, personnel matters, and others in order. We can discover conclusion, which is there is truly degree difference of distribution and development of educational budget with different personal items (including sex, serving year, function of office, and level of education.) and environment items (including scope of school and area of school), very obviously by researching. I hope conclusion of this research could provide help on distribution and development of educational budget of schools and City (County) government. Also let them make well-arranged use of limited budget and bring it into maximum education effectiveness to make more students derive benefit.

碩士
國立高雄大學
都市發展與建築研究所
96
Ever since 2002 till now, it had been great changed of the post industrial city scenery of Kaohsiung; especially the integration of the KMRT and the cityscape above, which is the paradise of the globalization city scenery transformation. There are wandered that the Mayor and staffs claimed they won the Mayor Champaign was attributed to the urban scenery reform. That is why I was interested in the association between the city mayoral campaign ballots and city scenery policy. This is the purpose of the study set up here. Via integrating the relative theories to specify the geographical contextual effect model to examine the city Mayoral Campaign ballots in 1998, 2002and 2006, the three times elections. The study established the databank as the basic district ballots of the candidates，and observed scenery policy being input to the places, such as the urban environmental policies－expropriation for the civil engineers works, the decayed area and the policy with negative externalities �o NYMBY policies. Then put the data into maps as a layers for inspect the transformation of the political territory. By means of the Crossable Analysis and Chi-square test by examined the associations of the variables. The findings were there are not any associations between ballots and the city scenery, but ideology and city contextual factors had the associations with ballots.

碩士
國立彰化師範大學
工業教育與技術學系
105
ABSTRACT This study intends to explore the differences between students’ learning cognition and learning attitudes feedback at Marker with 3D printing for the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Vocational High Schools in Taichung City. For research purposes, in exploring related literature, used survey questionnaire as the tool to collect data, targeted for the third grade students of Department of Mechanical Engineering in Vocational High Schools in Taichung City, student samples for 273 people. Statistical methods used in research included descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Scheffé posteriori comparisons. Based on research, syntheses of research results are as follows: 1. The third grade students of Department of Mechanical Engineering in Vocational High Schools in Taichung City have technician license adout computer drawing are less, account 34.4% for effective samples the students didn’t participate in creative or thematic competitions are more, account 72.9% for effective samples; the students participated 3D printing related study course more than 2 times are less, account 30.8% for effective samples. 2. The third grade students of Department of Mechanical Engineering in Vocational High Schools in Taichung City had technician license adout computer drawing and had participated in creative or thematic competitions and had participated 3D printing related study course more than 2 times, the totally learning cognition on Maker with 3D printing are better. 3. The third grade students of Department of Mechanical Engineering in Vocational High Schools in Taichung City had participated in creative or thematic competitions and had participated 3D printing related study course more than 2 times, the totally learning attitudes on Maker with 3D printing are better. But the level in “environmental attitude” is worst. 4. The totally learning cognition on Marker with 3D printing of students of shools in the original Taichung City and Tuen District is better than shools in the Sea area; but there is no difference in the overall learning cognition on Marker with 3D printing of public and private students. 5. The totally learning attitudes on Marker with 3D printing of students of shools in Tuen District is better than shools in the Sea area; the totally learning attitudes on Marker with 3D printing of students of private shools are better than shools in the Sea area. Based on the study conclusions, it can beused for further commendation for educational adminstration, schools, and teachers,and the reference to the further study to improve the defects and carry out Marker with 3D printing in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Vocational High Schools.

This study focuses on the use of the Athrixia phylicoides plant in Tshwane, Gauteng, South Africa. The plant is used within the domestic domain as a beverage, for medicinal purposes, as well as for the manufacturing of domestic brooms. The aim of the study was to investigate the use and market of Athrixia phylicoides in two of the Tshwane markets, namely; Denneboom and Marabastad. Case study design, participant observation and interviews were employed to collect data. A literature review was conducted to construct a theoretical framework. The study reveals that traditional healers, broom makers and customers have a remarkable knowledge about Athrixia phylicoides, which has been untapped thus far. In addition, the study indicates that possible extinction of the Athrixia phylicoides plant, due to over-harvesting and lack of conservation, will pose a challenge to the market.
Anthropology
M.A. (Anthropology)

碩士
國立屏東教育大學
視覺藝術學系
99
The theme of this research is traditional art troupe culture, the “facial make-ups of Sung Chiang Tactics”, analyzing 108 classic characters and features in this culture to reinterpret and redesign these 108 facial make-ups. Besides, the culture of Sung Chiang Tactics in Taiwan thrives in Neiman area in Kaohsiung so this research is carried out on the origin of the facial make-ups of characters in this area. The research is composed of three parts. Firstly, an in-depth research is conducted to understand the cultural origin, characters, and arrays of Sung Chiang Tactics. The second parts focuses on the study on the image of make-ups, analysis of the meaning, semantic and colors of make-ups, and in-depth exploration of facial make-ups of Sung Chiang Tactics in Neiman as well as to rethink, design, and reinterpret these 108 facial make-ups on the basis of the above research. The third part is the researcher’s attempt, based on the study on characteristics, features, personalities, and tools of the characters of Sung Chiang Tactics, to redesign these “108 facial make-ups” and to reinterpret the meaning of facial make-ups in hope of representing the completeness, modernness and contemporary sense of these “108 facial make-ups”. 。