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Middleton, Alan. "Informal traders and planners in the regeneration of historic city centres: the case of Quito, Ecuador." Progress in Planning 59, no. 2 (2003): 71–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-9006(02)00061-2.
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Vecchio, Giovanni, Riccardo Porreca, and Daniela Jácome Rivera. "Socio-Spatial Concerns in Urban Mobility Planning: Insights from Competing Policies in Quito." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072923.
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Socio-spatial concerns are gaining increasing attention in the design of interventions for urban mobility. This is especially true in contexts traditionally characterized by structural inequality and high levels of poverty, in which transport can be a decisive contributor to development thanks to its contribution to a higher social inclusion. Amongst them, Latin America has emerged as a significant laboratory for urban and transport policy due not only to its socioeconomic conditions but also to the implementation of different mobility strategies based on the construction of traditional and innovative infrastructures such as subways and bus rapid transit (BRT) systems. These two transport systems can be complementary or alternative to each other: this depends not only on their transport capacity, their economic sustainability, and to their levels of public acceptability but also on social, political, and spatial features of the setting they serve. This paper intends to discuss the socio-spatial consequences that interventions based on different transport systems can generate, examining them in the city of Quito, Ecuador. The discussion is based on the implementation of the existing BRT network and of a subway line under construction. Reconstructing two contrasting transport policies developed in the city in the last 25 years, this paper proposes an overview of the socio-spatial concerns that influenced and were influenced by urban mobility planning in Quito. To do so, this paper reviews and compares the socio-spatial concerns related to BRT and subway corridors, considering their accessibility, the wider urban transformations they promote, their economic sustainability, and the overall public acceptability, estimating to what extent these have influenced the decision to implement a certain transport policy.
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Bravo-Moncayo, Luis, Miguel Chávez, Virginia Puyana, José Lucio-Naranjo, Christiam Garzón, and Ignacio Pavón-García. "A cost-effective approach to the evaluation of traffic noise exposure in the city of Quito, Ecuador." Case Studies on Transport Policy 7, no. 1 (March 2019): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2018.12.006.
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BECKER, MARC. "‘Gonzalo Oleas, Defensor’: Cultural Intermediation in Mid-Twentieth-Century Ecuador." Journal of Latin American Studies 43, no. 2 (May 2011): 237–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x11000022.
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AbstractGonzalo Oleas Zambrano was a socialist lawyer from Quito who, from the 1930s to the 1970s, became deeply involved in assisting rural communities in Ecuador with their legal petitions. Intermediaries have a long and varied history in negotiating relationships between the city and the countryside, and one that is often not well understood. At various points in his career Oleas acted like a tinterillo, a socialist and an indigenista. An examination of Oleas’ petitions quickly breaks down a simplistic characterisation of his actions and interpretation of his motivation. Rather, his ability to transcend existing categories helps explain why rural litigants so often turned to Oleas for assistance.
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Ulloa-Espíndola, René, and Susana Martín-Fernández. "Simulation and Analysis of Land Use Changes Applying Cellular Automata in the South of Quito and the Machachi Valley, Province of Pichincha, Ecuador." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2021): 9525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179525.
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Rapid urban growth has historically led to changes in land use patterns and the degradation of natural resources and the urban environment. Uncontrolled growth of urban areas in the city of Quito has continued to the present day since 1960s, aggravated by illegal or irregular new settlements. The main objective of this paper is to generate spatial predictions of these types of urban settlements and land use changes in 2023, 2028 and 2038, applying the Dinamica EGO cellular automata and multivariable software. The study area was the Machachi Valley between the south of the city of Quito and the rural localities of Alóag and Machachi. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the model and its applicability, thanks to the use of 15 social, physical and climate predictors and the validation process. The analysis of the land use changes throughout the study area shows that urban land use will undergo the greatest net increase. Growth in the south of Quito is predicted to increase by as much as 35% between 2018 and 2038 where new highly vulnerable urban settlements can appear. Native forests in the Andes and forest plantations are expected to decline in the study area due to their substitution by shrub vegetation or agriculture and livestock land use. The implementation of policies to control the land market and protect natural areas could help to mitigate the continuous deterioration of urban and forest areas.
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Diehl, Jessica, Kate Oviatt, Amanda Chandra, and Harpreet Kaur. "Household Food Consumption Patterns and Food Security among Low-Income Migrant Urban Farmers in Delhi, Jakarta, and Quito." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051378.
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As growing populations in urban areas demand greater food supplies, the poor—particularly poor migrants—may be at higher risk for food insecurity. Evidence suggests that the urban poor who pursue agriculture in the city as a livelihood are more food secure. Thus, it could be assumed that migrants involved in urban agriculture are also in a better position to meet nutritional needs. The aim of this research was to explore household food security among migrant urban farmers using data from studies conducted in three rapidly urbanizing cities: Delhi, India; Jakarta, Indonesia; and, Quito, Ecuador. Surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted with market-oriented small-to-medium scale farmers in each city to understand livelihood and migrant status, household food consumption patterns, and food security. In general, we found that participation in urban agriculture had a positive impact on household food security among participants through direct (self-consumption) and indirect (improved income, improved access) means. Although each case city expressed a different form of low-income migrant practice of urban agriculture, findings suggest that growing food in the city offers some protection against food insecurity through improved quantity, quality, and diversity of food options. This study is particularly relevant in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. These factors guide development goals and priorities. Given that rural-urban migrant trends are predicted to continue, this exploratory study offers empirical evidence related to rural-urban migrants, food security, and urban agriculture.
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Bravo, Luisa, Mirko Guaralda, Hendrik Tieben, Luis Alfonso Saltos Espinoza, and Manfredo Manfredini. "Stand up for Public Space! A networking event at the Habitat III conference and a global online campaign." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i1.61.
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<p>At Habitat III, the United Nations conference on Housing and Sustainable Development, held in Quito, Ecuador (17-20<sup>th</sup> October, 2016), we launched the global online campaign 'Stand up for Public Space!' - <a href="http://www.standupforpublicspace.org">www.standupforpublicspace.org</a> - which is a research project promoted by City Space Architecture in collaboration with the Queensland University of Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, LASE+CityUrb Ecuador and the University of Auckland (QUT Ethics Approval Number 1600000966). The purpose of this project is to foster a discussion on public space as a common good, through the collection of experiences, stories, habits and activities, documenting public space and its users from different geographical contexts. Participation will involve people taking a picture of their favourite public space and sharing it through their own Twitter or Instagram profiles. The project asks people to include also a short description of the picture, in order to know where the selected public space is located, what it means to them and why they would like to share it with a broader public. All entries are to be submitted using the following hashtags:</p><p align="center">#standupforpublicspace and/or #myfavouritepublicspace</p><p>This project intends to provide a good insight of what a public space is for people in different countries and different continents. Data from the research will inform the development of a new taxonomy of public spaces and their uses, which might be useful to inform future planning documents and policies.</p>
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Martínez, Magda Francisca Cejas, Derling Jose Mendoza Velazco, Mercedes Navarro Cejas, José Lenin Rogel Villacis, and Yanet Marisol Ortega Freire. "A Performance-Centred Competency-Based Approach to Quality University Teaching." Integration of Education 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 350–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.096.023.201903.350-365.
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Introduction. In order to encourage more flexible working environments and establish generators of sustainable development for participating countries through an educated society, various international organisations that intervene in the quality dimension within the framework of a systemic approach to Higher Education, including the World Bank, have made multiple efforts to establish various recognitions, certifications and credits pertaining to competency-based education. Materials and Methods. The research, featuring a study of theoretical-interpretative design, was based around the qualitative paradigm. Information was obtained by means of semi-structured interviews with 14 lecturers from different universities in the city of Quito in Ecuador. The data obtained were triangulated with a review of the literature carried out by the researchers. Results. The informants considered cognitive competencies to be the most relevant within the context of teacher formation. Research, planning and organisation skills were not established in importance due to university professionalisation. Additionally, the need to establish curricular changes in the Ecuadorian university pedagogy was confirmed. Discussion and Conclusion. After contrasting the opinions of university professors and formation theories, a theoretical reflection is presented in which the importance of unifying professional formation and investigative competencies is emphasised. This unification allows the quality of higher education centred around the teacher as the main actor to be increased.
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Eades, Alwyn. "Microscopy in Ecuador." Microscopy Today 14, no. 2 (March 2006): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500055334.
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The present situation in Ecuador is not a happy one. You would think that this ought not to be the case. There are seven electron microscopes in the country and all of them are in working order (although with problems - see below), so why then are things not good. The problem begins with geography. Unlike most smaller countries, Ecuador is not dominated by a single large city. There are two major cities, locked in a continuous rivalry: Quito, the capital, is in the mountains, and Guayaquil, the larger city, is on the coast. They are about seven hours apart by road. Both cities have electron microscopes. Worse, however, is the fact that, in each city, the microscopes are in two different locations - making a total of four microscopy centers. This is too many and Ecuador can not support them all effectively.
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Curay, Jenny, Víctor Romero, and Jorge Brito. "Small non-volant mammals of the Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua, Ecuador." Mammalia 83, no. 6 (November 26, 2019): 574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0131.
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Abstract We provide insights into the diversity of small non-volant mammals (SNVMs) in the Reserva Geobotánica Pululahua, a peri-urban natural area of Quito, Pichincha province, Ecuador. Based on Sherman-like traps and pitfall traps, we recorded 21 species of SNVMs. They represent 40% of the total species reported for the entire province, and include six species that are endemic to the northwestern slope of the Ecuadorian Andes. Despite its proximity to the city of Quito (less than 5 km), Pululahua seems to have an average richness compared with other similar localities in the Ecuadorian Andes. Our results are a baseline for future conservation plans for SNVMs.
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Toapanta, Jesus. "Sociolinguistic Perceptions of Tú, Usted and Vos in the Highlands of Ecuador." International Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i4.11701.
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The Spanish pronouns ‘Tú’, ‘Usted’ and ‘Vos’ all translate into the English second person singular ‘You’. However, this does not mean that they convey the same meaning. In Ecuador, for example, the pronoun Usted is normally used to signal formality, distance, and not familiarity; and, Tú and Vos are often used to signal friendship, closeness, and informality. In addition, these pronouns adopt different meanings depending on where in Ecuador the interaction takes place. For example, in a reciprocal relationship between classmates, Vos implies friendship and closeness in the city of Cuenca, but in the city of Quito Vos implies lack of respect. In this sense, this study examines how college students perceive the usage of these pronouns at home, at the university, and at the workplace. This paper analyses samples taken from three cities in the highlands—Quito, Cuenca, and Loja—and describes how these pronouns are being used at these locations in Ecuador. The results reveal this very peculiar variation and show the different meanings and tendencies of these pronouns.
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Salazar, Esthela, Cristián Henríquez, Richard Sliuzas, and Jorge Qüense. "Evaluating Spatial Scenarios for Sustainable Development in Quito, Ecuador." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030141.
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Peripheral urban sprawl configures new, extensive conurbations that transcend current administrative boundaries. Land use planning, supported by the analysis of future scenarios, is a guide to achieve sustainability in large metropolitan areas. To understand how urban sprawl is consuming natural and agricultural land, this paper analyzes land use changes in the metropolis of Quito, considering a combination of urban planning, natural conservation and risk areas. Using the Dyna-CLUE model we simulate spatial demands for future land uses by 2050, based on two growth scenarios: the trend scenario (unrestricted growth) and the regulated scenario, which considers two parameters—a government proposal for urban expansion areas and laws that protect natural areas. Both scenarios show how urban expansion consumes agricultural and natural areas. This expansion is backed by urban policies which do not sufficiently account for conservation areas nor for risk areas. Therefore, these simulations suggest that planning should follow a more holistic approach that explicitly considers urban growth beyond current administrative limits, in what we refer to as the New Metropolitan Area of Quito.
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Cevallos, Victoria M., Valeria Díaz, and Cherilyn M. Sirois. "Particulate matter air pollution from the city of Quito, Ecuador, activates inflammatory signaling pathways in vitro." Innate Immunity 23, no. 4 (March 21, 2017): 392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425917699864.
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Automobile traffic, industrial processes and natural phenomena cause notable air pollution, including gaseous and particulate contaminants, in urban centers. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution affects human health, and has been linked to respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The mechanisms underlying inflammation in these diverse diseases, and to what extent health effects are different for PM obtained from different sources or locations, are still unclear. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient course (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter collected at seven sites in the urban and periurban zones of Quito, Ecuador. Material from all sites was capable of activating TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways, with differences in the activation related to particle size. Additionally, airborne particulate matter from Quito is an effective activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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C. Acuña, Jenny E., Karina M. S. Freitas, Rafael P. Henriques, Emerson F. Cruz, Maria C. R. Binz Ordóñez, Ghenna E. C. Arias, and Guillermo M. A. Balseca. "Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Children Aged 1 to 5 Years in the City of Quito, Ecuador." Open Dentistry Journal 13, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601913010242.
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Background: Early childhood caries is an aggressive pathology that can destroy the teeth in a short time, reaching the proximal surfaces, causing discomfort, pain and affecting the dental pulp, causing premature loss of deciduous teeth. Objective: The purpose of this research is to determine the prevalence of early childhood caries in children aged 1 to 5 years of the Metropolitan District of Quito. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including a sample of 557 children attending child care centers in Quito, Ecuador, between May and July 2018. The sample was evaluated clinically registering the data in a simplified dental file containing the odontogram and the result of decayed, lost and sealed teeth, according to the dmft index, as well as data such as age and gender. Data were tabulated and analyzed statistically by independent t-test. Results: The prevalence of early childhood caries was found to be 59.61%. Children affected by early childhood caries presented a mean age of 2.83 years, the ones suffered the most from this pathology were those of 2 years (35.54%), followed by those of 3 years (34.94%) and 4 years (22.5%). Boys presented more early childhood caries (53.92%) in relation to the girls (46.08%). Conclusion: The early childhood caries presented a prevalence of 59.61% and a general dmft index of medium level of severity according to the classification of the World Health Organization, in children from 1 to 5 years of age in Quito, Ecuador.
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Ortega-Paredes, David, César Larrea-Álvarez, Michelle Herrera, Esteban Fernandez-Moreira, and Marco Larrea-Álvarez. "Assessing knowledge of genetics in undergraduate students in Quito, Ecuador." F1000Research 8 (March 14, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18394.1.
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Knowledge of genetics is crucial for understanding genetic and genomic tests and for interpreting personal genomic information. Despite this relevance, no data are available about the level of knowledge of genetics in an Ecuadorian population. This investigation sought to survey such knowledge in undergraduate students affiliated with private and public institutions in Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. A total of 350 individuals responded to a validated questionnaire measuring knowledge of genetics. Scores ranged from 45% to 87% (mean: 66.8%), and students achieved slightly better results when asked about genetics and diseases (mean score: 68.3%) than when asked about genetic facts (mean score: 64.9%). Additionally, no significant differences in performance were found among students from private and public institutions. Surprisingly, the lower score obtained (45%) was from a question about how chromosomes are passed to the next generation. The highly educated status of the surveyed population could explain the overall adequate results; nonetheless, the possibility that the correct responses were given by chance cannot be ignored. Therefore, the actual knowledge of genetics among the participants might be less than that revealed by the percentages of correct answers. Consequently, to achieve the goal of ensuring informed decision-making concerning genetic and genomic tests, it seems evident that the national education programs of Ecuador require improvement in teaching of genetic concepts.
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Ortega-Paredes, David, César Larrea-Álvarez, Michelle Herrera, Esteban Fernandez-Moreira, and Marco Larrea-Álvarez. "Assessing knowledge of genetics in undergraduate students in Quito, Ecuador." F1000Research 8 (August 20, 2019): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.18394.2.
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Knowledge of genetics is crucial for understanding genetic and genomic tests and for interpreting personal genomic information. Despite this relevance, no data are available about the level of knowledge of genetics in an Ecuadorian population. This investigation sought to survey such knowledge in undergraduate students affiliated with private and public institutions in Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. A total of 350 individuals responded to a validated questionnaire measuring knowledge of genetics. Scores ranged from 45% to 87% (mean: 66.8%), and students achieved slightly better results when asked about genetics and diseases (mean score: 68.3%) than when asked about genetic facts (mean score: 64.9%). Additionally, no significant differences in performance were found among students from private and public institutions. Surprisingly, the lower score obtained (45%) was from a question about how chromosomes are passed to the next generation. The highly educated status of the surveyed population could explain the overall results; nonetheless, the possibility that the correct responses were given by chance cannot be ignored. Therefore, the actual knowledge of genetics among the participants might be different than that revealed by the percentages of correct answers. Consequently, to achieve the goal of ensuring informed decision-making concerning genetic and genomic tests, it seems evident that the national education programs of Ecuador require improvement in the teaching of genetic concepts.
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Bogumil, Veniamin Nikolayevich, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kudryavcev, and María José Duque-Sarango. "Analysis of the implementation of telematic tools for data management of passenger traffic dynamics in the Bus Rapid Transit system." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería 28, no. 49 (August 7, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/01211129.v28.n49.2018.8547.
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This article briefly describes the transport system of the Republic of Ecuador and, in particular, the organization of the route network of urban passenger transport in Quito, the capital city of Ecuador. The features of the organization and management of transportation of passengers on the main routes of urban passenger transport of Quito are determined by the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. We revise possible ways of improving the management and control of urban passenger transport in Quito by using telematics tools and systems. We propose that the main direction of improvement is to introduce tools for assessing the dynamics of passenger traffic in real time through the use of telematics. In comparison with traditional systems, the peculiarity of the approach proposed is the use of telematics equipment and special sensors for calculating the number of incoming/outgoing passengers from the vehicle, which are installed directly in the doors of the pavilions of the bus stops of the BRT system routes. The goal of this approach is to reduce the cost of telematics equipment and normalize the occupancy inside transport vehicles, which is one of the service level indicators.
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Jackiewicz, Edward L. "Neoliberalism and Shifts in Occupational Structure: Quito, Ecuador, 1982–90." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 92, no. 4 (November 2001): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00170.
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Salazar, Esthela, Cristián Henríquez, Gustavo Durán, Jorge Qüense, and Fernando Puente-Sotomayor. "How to Define a New Metropolitan Area? The Case of Quito, Ecuador, and Contributions for Urban Planning." Land 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040413.
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The Metropolitan Area of Quito has experienced exponential growth in recent decades, especially in peri-urban sectors. The literature has described this process as “urban sprawl”, a phenomenon that is changing the landscape by increasing land consumption and forming conurbations with the nearest populated centers. This article proposes a new, broader and more complex metropolitan structure for the metropolis of Quito, the linking of neighboring and conurbed areas to the form a new metropolitan area based on the case study of the Metropolitan District of Quito (DMQ). This new metropolitan area identification considers the interpretation of satellite images and the classification of land uses, highlighting the main urban growth areas located outside, but contiguous to the administrative limit of the DMQ, over a period of 19 years (1998 to 2017), the demographics analysis, particularly the densification of new urban peripheral areas close to the DMQ border and the mobility links of population, goods and services between human settlements that allows the configuration of urban corridors and the integration of the territory. The main findings evaluated are the need to evaluate urban planning strategies aimed at sustainable development.
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Mariniere, J., J.-M. Nocquet, C. Beauval, J. Champenois, L. Audin, A. Alvarado, S. Baize, and A. Socquet. "Geodetic evidence for shallow creep along the Quito fault, Ecuador." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 2039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz564.
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SUMMARY Quito, the capital city of Ecuador hosting ∼2 million inhabitants, lies on the hanging wall of a ∼60-km-long reverse fault offsetting the Inter-Andean Valley in the northern Andes. Such an active fault poses a significant risk, enhanced by the high density of population and overall poor building construction quality. Here, we constrain the present-day strain accumulation associated with the Quito fault with new Global Positioning System (GPS) data and Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) analysis. Far field GPS data indicate 3–5 mm yr–1 of horizontal shortening accommodated across the fault system. In the central segment of the fault, both GPS and PS-InSAR results highlight a sharp velocity gradient, which attests for creep taking place along the shallowest portion of the fault. Smoother velocity gradients observed along the other segments indicate that the amount of shallow creep decreases north and south of the central segment. 2-D elastic models using GPS horizontal velocity indicate very shallow (<1 km) locking depth for the central segment, increasing to a few kilometres south and north of it. Including InSAR results in the inversion requires locking to vary both along dip and along strike. 3-D spatially variable locking models show that shallow creep occurs along the central 20-km-long segment. North and south of the central segment, the interseismic coupling is less resolved, and data still allows significant slip deficit to accumulate. Using the interseismic moment deficit buildup resulting from our inversions and the seismicity rate, we estimate recurrence time for magnitude 6.5 + earthquake to be between 200 and 1200 yr. Finally, PS-InSAR time-series identify a 2 cm transient deformation that occurred on a secondary thrust, east of the main Quito fault between 1995 and 1997.
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JURADO, JORGE, and DOUGLAS SOUTHGATE. "Dealing with air pollution in Latin America: the case of Quito, Ecuador." Environment and Development Economics 4, no. 3 (July 1999): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x99000248.
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Located in a high Andean valley, Ecuador's capital city suffers from severe air pollution, emitted by manufacturing plants as well as motor vehicles. Improving air quality would result in diminished respiratory illness, which currently costs Quito's residents several millions of dollars annually in lost earnings and medical expenditures. Technology transfer has succeeded in reducing industrial emissions at a modest cost. But diesel-fueled trucks and buses, which are a major source of various pollutants, have been the primary focus of the local government's strategy for air quality improvement. To date, that strategy has met with some success, although future initiatives will involve higher abatement expenses and therefore will test the commitment of municipal authorities and the citizens they represent to pollution control.
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Teltscher, Susanne. "Small Trade and the World Economy: Informal Vendors in Quito, Ecuador." Economic Geography 70, no. 2 (April 1994): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/143653.
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Smith, Betty E. "Quito at the Crossroads: Saving the Historic Capital of Ecuador (review)." Journal of Latin American Geography 5, no. 1 (2006): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2006.0011.
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Toulkeridis, T., D. Simón Baile, F. Rodríguez, R. Salazar Martínez, N. Arias Jiménez, and D. Carreon Freyre. "Subsidence at the "Trébol" of Quito, Ecuador: an indicator for future disasters?" Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 372 (November 12, 2015): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-372-151-2015.
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Abstract. A sinkhole of great proportions was produced in one of the most trafficked zones of Quito. Constructed in the late sixties, this area is of high importance in solving the traffic jams of the capital city. The sinkhole called "El Trebol" started to be generated in the form of a crater, reached finally dimensions of approximately 120 m in diameter and some 40 m of depth, where at its base the river Machangara appeared. The generation of this sinkhole paralyzed the traffic of the south-central part of the city for the following weeks and therefore the state of emergency was declared. Soon the cause of the sinkhole was encountered being the result of the lack of monitoring of the older subterranean sewer system where for a length of some 20 m the concrete tunnel that canalized the flow of the river collapsed generating the disaster. The collapse of this tunnel resulted from the presence of a high amount of trash floating through the tunnel and scratching its top part until the concrete was worn away leaving behind the sinkhole and the fear of recurrence in populated areas. The financial aspects of direct and indirect damage are emphasized.
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Gómez, María Atilia, María Serena Peñaherrera, Víctor Aguirre-Tello, Margarita Vela-Cavinato, and Guillermo Giovambattista. "Allele Frequencies of 15 STR Loci in the Population of the City of Quito, Ecuador." Journal of Forensic Sciences 53, no. 2 (March 2008): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2008.00691.x.
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Klak, T. "Why do Shelter Conditions Differ in Ecuadoran Cities and How Do We Know That They Do?: A Comparative Locality Study." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 8 (August 1993): 1115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251115.
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This paper is an examination of forces operating at geographical scales from global to local which help to explain the shelter conditions of the working class in Quito and Guayaquil, Ecuador. To achieve such an empirical understanding, it is necessary to employ concepts and interpretations which themselves are social products and require close scrutiny. Considerable attention is therefore devoted to influences such as regional tension and perspective bias on interpretations of the cities by urban and housing experts. The principal sources of evidence are a household-level survey of shelter in Quito and Guayaquil, and a survey of housing professionals with regard to the interpretation of the shelter conditions and differences. Geographically based biases are prominent in the survey of housing experts, suggesting that research should examine these more carefully than in the past. The study concludes with a richer understanding of both the empirical reality of urban Ecuador and the frameworks and concepts used to interpret it.
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Galarza Torres, Sandra Patricia, Lorenzo Armijo Robles, Juanita Garcia Aguilar, and Ximena Acosta. "Análisis de la aplicación de los incentivos tributarios para las pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos del cantón Quito / Analysis of application of tax incentives for small businesses of the food industry in Quito City, Ecuador." Ciencia Unemi 9, no. 19 (October 13, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol9iss19.2016pp11-20p.
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El presente estudio tiene por objeto analizar los resultados que han generado los incentivos tributarios establecidos en el Código de la Producción, Comercio e Inversión (COPCI) publicado en el registro oficial No. 351 del 29 de diciembre de 2010, en las pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos del Cantón Quito, Ecuador. Para su desarrollo se utilizó la información financiera del período 2010-2012, investigación documental basada en fuentes bibliográficas, aplicación de encuestas a gerentes y propietarios de pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos y entrevistas a funcionarios públicos. Los resultados mostraron que los incentivos establecidos en el COPCI pueden resultar atractivos desde el punto de vista económico y tributario para el gobierno, sin embargo, para las pequeñas empresas del sector de alimentos del cantón Quito, estos no han generado mayor beneficio en temas de empleo, producción, inversión y recaudación tributaria. Abstract The present study aims to analyze the results that have generated tax incentives established in the Code of Production, Trade and Investment (COPCI) published in the Official Register No. 351 of December 29, 2010, in the small business sector of food of Quito Canton, Ecuador. For the development of this research, the 2010-2012 period of financial information, documental research based on literature sources, application surveys to managers and small business owners, and interviews with industry officials were used. The results showed that the incentives established in the COPCI may be attractive from the point of view of the government about economics and taxes; however, for small businesses of the food industry Quito city, they have not generated the greatest benefits on employment issues, production, investment and tax collection.
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Toulkeridis, Theofilos, Fabián Rodríguez, Nelson Arias Jiménez, Débora Simón Baile, Rodolfo Salazar Martínez, Aaron Addison, Dora Carreón Freyre, Fernando Mato, and Carmen Díaz Perez. "Causes and consequences of the sinkhole at El Trébol of Quito, Ecuador – implications for economic damage and risk assessment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2016): 2031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-2031-2016.
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Abstract. The so-called El Trébol is a critical road interchange in Quito connecting the north and south regions of the city. In addition, it connects Quito with the highly populated Los Chillos Valley, one of the most traveled zones in the Ecuadorian capital. El Trébol was constructed in the late 1960s in order to resolve the traffic jams of the capital city and for that purpose the Machángara River was rerouted through an underground concrete box tunnel. In March 2008, the tunnel contained a high amount of discarded furniture that had been impacting the top portion of the tunnel, compromising the structural integrity. On 31 March 2008 after a heavy rainfall a sinkhole of great proportions formed in the Trébol traffic hub. In the first few minutes, the sinkhole reached an initial diameter of 30 m. The collapse continued to grow in the following days until the final dimensions of 120 m in diameter and some 40 m of depth, revealing the Machángara River at the base of the sinkhole.A state of emergency was declared. The cause of the sinkhole was a result of the lack of monitoring of the older subterranean infrastructure where trash had accumulated and damaged the concrete tunnel that channelized the Machángara River until it was worn away for a length of some 20 m, leaving behind the sinkhole and the fear of recurrence in populated areas.With the intent to understand the causes and consequences of this sinkhole event, rainfall data are shown together with hydrogeological characteristics and a view back to the recent history of sinkhole lineation or arrangement of the city of Quito. The economic impact is also emphasized, where the direct costs of the damage and the reconstruction are presented and compared to indirect costs associated with this socio-natural disaster. These analyses suggest that the costs of indirect financial damage, like time loss or delay, and subsequent higher expenses for different types of vehicles, are equivalent to many times the costs of the reconstruction of El Trébol.
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Cabrera Pérez, Stefany Liceth. "Análisis del turismo urbano como sistema funcional. Caso de estudio: Turismo urbano en Quito, Ecuador." Territorios en formación, no. 13 (November 18, 2018): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2018.13.3807.
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El turismo urbano se ha posicionado como una actividad clave en la economía mundial, su capacidad para generar empleo y su innegable influencia sobre otros sectores productivos, son factores que conciben un planteamiento de análisis respecto a una realidad turística, la presente investigación busca estudiar al turismo urbano desde una perspectiva sistémica, aplicada a un caso de estudio en específico. Teniendo en cuenta que la ciudad de Quito posee un valioso patrimonio cultural y un gran potencial turístico que necesita ser desarrollado, se convierte en un escenario idóneo para la aplicación del sistema funcional de turismo urbano, del diagnóstico de este análisis se identifica el desarrollo de su actividad, el entorno en el que opera, las nuevas exigencias de la demanda, se determina el potencial turístico de la ciudad y la conveniencia de su implementación. Finalmente, la evaluación de cada uno de los componentes que interactúan en su sistema, permite detectar los segmentos críticos y posibles limitaciones existentes en la ciudad, que ayudan a la formulación de reflexiones estratégicas.AbstractUrban tourism has been positioned as a key activity in the world economy, its ability to generate employment and its undeniable influence on other productive sectors, are factors that conceive an approach of analysis regarding a tourist reality, the present research seeks to study tourism Urban from a systemic perspective, applied to a specific case study. Taking into account that the city of Quito possesses a valuable cultural heritage and a great tourist potential that needs to be developed, it becomes an ideal scenario for the application of a functional system applied to urban tourism, the diagnosis of this analysis identifies the development of its Activity, the environment in which it operates, the new demand requirements, determines the tourist potential of the city and the convenience of its implementation. Finally, the evaluation of each of the components that interact in its system, allows to detect the critical segments and possible limitations existing in the city, that help the formulation of strategic reflections.
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Hinojosa Barahona, Myriam Johanna. "Between the right to the city, segregation and stigma: two case studies south of Quito, Ecuador." Anuario de Espacios Urbanos, Historia, Cultura y Diseño 25 (December 1, 2018): 77–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/azc/dcyad/aeu/n25/hinojosa.
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Perrin, JL, and C. Bouvier. "Rainfall – runoff modelling in the urban catchment of El Batan, Quito, Ecuador." Urban Water Journal 1, no. 4 (December 2004): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15730620412331299066.
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Hernandez, Wilmar, and Alfredo Mendez. "Twelve-Year Analysis of NO2 Concentration Measurements at Belisario Station (Quito, Ecuador) Using Statistical Inference Techniques." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 15, 2020): 5831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205831.
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In this paper, a robust analysis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration measurements taken at Belisario station (Quito, Ecuador) was performed. The data used for the analysis constitute a set of measurements taken from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2019. Furthermore, the analysis was carried out in a robust way, defining variables that represent years, months, days and hours, and classifying these variables based on estimates of the central tendency and dispersion of the data. The estimators used here were classic, nonparametric, based on a bootstrap method, and robust. Additionally, confidence intervals based on these estimators were built, and these intervals were used to categorize the variables under study. The results of this research showed that the NO2 concentration at Belisario station is not harmful to humans. Moreover, it was shown that this concentration tends to be stable across the years, changes slightly during the days of the week, and varies greatly when analyzed by months and hours of the day. Here, the precision provided by both nonparametric and robust statistical methods served to comprehensively proof the aforementioned. Finally, it can be concluded that the city of Quito is progressing on the right path in terms of improving air quality, because it has been shown that there is a decreasing tendency in the NO2 concentration across the years. In addition, according to the Quito Air Quality Index, most of the observations are in either the desirable level or acceptable level of air pollution, and the number of observations that are in the desirable level of air pollution increases across the years.
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Carrión, Andrea. "Megaprojects and the Restructuring of Urban Governance." Latin American Perspectives 43, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x15579900.
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Urban megaprojects are contentious sites in the politics and restructuring of local governance. In Ecuador, the state supported entrepreneurial urban governance under neoliberal administrations, and the “post-neoliberal” governments continue to employ an entrepreneurial approach to urban infrastructures. Building urban megaprojects does not mean building inclusive territories, as large investments divert attention from everyday practices to politically motivated disputes and reinforce uneven spatial development. The case of the Quito international airport illustrates the tensions in the production of space, the socio-spatial externalities, and the rescaling of the power relations between actors under different political regimes. Los megaproyectos urbanos son espacios de conflicto en la política y la reestructuración de la gobernanza local. En el Ecuador el Estado apoyó una gobernanza urbana empresarial bajo las administraciones neoliberales y los gobiernos “post-neoliberales” siguen empleando un enfoque empresarial hacia las infraestructuras urbanas. La construcción de megaproyectos urbanos no implica la construcción de espacios inclusivos en tanto que las grandes inversiones desvían la atención de las prácticas cotidianas hacia conflictos claramente políticos y refuerzan un desarrollo espacial desigual. El caso del aeropuerto internacional de Quito ilustra las tensiones en la producción del espacio, las externalidades socio-espaciales y el reajuste de las relaciones de poder entre actores bajo regímenes políticos diferentes.
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Oyarzun, P. J., M. E. Ordoñes, G. A. Forbes, and W. E. Fry. "First Report of Phytophthora infestans A2 Mating Type in Ecuador." Plant Disease 81, no. 3 (March 1997): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.3.311c.
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The tropical highlands of Ecuador are a genetic center for several Solanaceous species, including potato. In 1995 and 1996, severe late blight epidemics occurred in wild Solanum species, e.g., Solanum brevifolium, growing in the transitional area between the highlands and the coastal tropical lowlands near the city of Quito. Sixteen isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected in 1995 and 36 isolates in 1996. Of these, three from 1995 and four from 1996 were A2 mating type. Extensive and systematic sampling of commercial potato and tomato in Ecuador have failed to reveal the presence of the A2 mating type (G. A. Forbes, X. M. Escobar, C. C. Ayala, J. Revelo, M. E. Ordoñez, B. A. Fry, K. Doucet, and W. E. Fry, Phytopathology, in press.). Apparently the A2 mating type reported for the first time in Ecuador is only associated with wild Solanaceous spp. Further research is required to determine the consequences of this event for management of late blight in both potato and tomato, two important field crops in the Andean highlands.
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Briceño-León, Marco, Dennys Pazmiño-Quishpe, Jean-Michel Clairand, and Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá. "Energy Efficiency Measures in Bakeries toward Competitiveness and Sustainability—Case Studies in Quito, Ecuador." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 5209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095209.
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This paper evaluates the energy efficiency in the bakery industry toward competitiveness and sustainability through energy audits that were carried out on six bakeries located in Quito, Ecuador. Firstly, an initial meeting was held. After this, an energy survey was carried out in all areas of the bakeries. The information of the energy consumption of the facilities was collected. This was based on electricity bills, power data, equipment usage time, habits, and monthly consumption. With the energy balances, the critical points were identified, resulting in the baking process and the production activity, as those with the highest energy consumption within each establishment. Subsequently, with the indicator of electrical energy consumed per unit produced, the energy consumption by production processes and the bakery’s total energy consumption were determined. Several improvement proposals were generated for the bakery industry based on the results. Finally, it is concluded that the consumption of electrical energy in the bakery industry in Quito is efficient when compared to other bakeries, since they use less energy per unit of mass processed to produce products.
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Schreurs, Eric, Stef Koop, and Kees van Leeuwen. "Application of the City Blueprint Approach to assess the challenges of water management and governance in Quito (Ecuador)." Environment, Development and Sustainability 20, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 509–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9916-x.
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Cabrera, Angelita, Cesar Picado, Alejandro Rodriguez, and Luis Garcia-Marcos. "Asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in Quito, Ecuador: a comparative cross-sectional study 16 years after ISAAC." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 8, no. 1 (September 2021): e001004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2021-001004.
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BackgroundIn 2003, the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) estimated the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in Quito, Ecuador. Since then, no update of this study has been done in the last years. This study examined changes in the prevalence of asthma–rhinitis–eczema symptoms over a 16 years period in Quito and explored possible risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a comparative cross-sectional study in an adolescent population following the Global Asthma Network (GAN) methodology. A written questionnaire was used to explore symptoms of asthma–rhinitis–eczema. We calculated the prevalence and 95% CIs for each of the symptoms and compared them with the ISAAC results. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis using logistic regression to identify possible risk factors for recent wheeze, rhinitis and eczema.ResultsA total of 2380 adolescents aged between 13 and 14 years were evaluated. The prevalence of doctor diagnosis for asthma, rhinitis and eczema was 3.4%, 8.5% and 2.2%, respectively. Compared with ISAAC results, we found a lower prevalence of wheeze and eczema symptoms: wheeze ever (37.6% vs 12.7%), recent wheeze (17.8% vs 6.5%), asthma ever (6.9% vs 4.6%), recent rush (22.4% vs 13.9%) and eczema ever (11.7% vs 3.6%). The prevalence of rhinitis symptoms in the GAN study was higher than the ISAAC results: nose symptoms in the past 12 months (36.6% vs 45.8%) and nose and eye symptoms in the past 12 months (23.1% vs 27.9). Significant associations were observed between symptoms of asthma–rhinitis–eczema and sex, race/ethnicity, smoking habit, physical exercise and sedentary activities.ConclusionsIn the last two decades, the prevalence of asthma and eczema symptoms in adolescent population in the city of Quito has significantly declined; however, the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms has increased. The reduction in asthma symptoms could be related to better managing the disease and changes in local environmental risk factors in the last years. Further studies must be conducted in the country to evaluate the change in trends in asthma and other related allergic diseases.
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Chicaiza Ortiz, Cristhian David, Vanessa Pamela Navarrete Villa, Christian Orlando Camacho López, and Ángel Fabián Chicaiza Ortiz. "Evaluation of municipal solid waste management system of Quito - Ecuador through life cycle assessment approach." LALCA: Revista Latino-Americana em Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida 4 (July 24, 2020): e45206. http://dx.doi.org/10.18225/lalca.v4i0.5206.
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In Latin America and the Caribbean, the suitable processing of waste through the use of landfills is around 55%, while the local governments with municipal solid waste (MSW) management plans are around 20%. In Quito, for instance, approximately 2000 ton/day of solid waste are collected, and disposed in El Inga Landfill. The objective of this study is evaluating the MSW management of Quito through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. For achieving this goal, the ISO 14040 methodology was followed and SimaPro 8.4 was used as analysis software. The functional unit used is 1 ton of MSW, while, the material of study was the waste generated in households, commercial sector, schools and markets; whose values were obtained by the public companies EMASEO-EP, EMGIRS-EP, as well as from the open-access data of the city. The results show that using of biogas from the landfill allows the maximum saving of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Therefore, the biogas plant is the process with less environmental impact. The compaction and transportation of MSW displayed a slightly higher impact comparing with the previous process, presenting the second-best environmental performance. On the other hand, the leachate treatment shows the greatest environmental impact according to the model, despite of the effluents does not exceed the permissible limits of the environmental Ecuadorian legislation. The researchers consider suitable the analysis of composting and anaerobic digestion techniques as complementary options to reduce this environmental impact, due to the high organic fraction in the analyzed waste
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Rivas-Moyano, Fernando Ismael, and Diego Javier Proaño-Escandón. "GILBERTO GATTO SOBRAL, CONCEPTOS Y CRITERIOS URBANO – ARQUITECTÓNICOS APLICADOS EN EL CAMPUS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR." DISEÑO ARTE Y ARQUITECTURA, no. 9 (December 21, 2020): 265–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/daya.v1i9.346.
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El proyecto de investigación indaga sobre los distintos mecanismos y operaciones formales realizados por uno de los pioneros de la arquitectura moderna en el Ecuador, el arquitecto uruguayo Gilberto Gatto Sobral, para el diseño del Campus de la Universidad Central del Ecuador y sus dos primeras edificaciones que se diseñaron y realizaron entre los años 1945– 1955 en Quito – Ecuador. La investigación describe, en primera instancia, la trayectoria del arquitecto Gilberto Gatto Sobral a través de una revisión pormenorizada de sus obras, su instrucción académica y profesional y sus influencias. A la par y con el propósito de entender los componentes utilizados en sus obras y obtener criterios generales de diseño a nivel urbano y arquitectónico, se revisa a referentes franceses y profesores uruguayos de la época que marcaron significativamente su pensamiento, además del concepto de Ciudad Jardín y la contribución en la arquitectura moderna internacional de la Bauhaus. Entendidos estos criterios, a continuación, para la profundización y respectivo entendimiento de los mecanismos utilizados en el campus y las edificaciones universitarias desarrolladas por el autor, se toma como base teórica tres conceptos claves utilizados en una solución arquitectónica: el sitio, el programa y la técnica. Estos sirven como base para la reconstrucción y análisis del plan general de la Ciudad Universitaria y las edificaciones a ser estudiadas: el Pabellón Central Administrativo y la Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales. Como resultados del estudio, se logra identificar los criterios de diseño que el arquitecto aplicará en sus futuros proyectos a nivel urbano y arquitectónico, y se logra además poner en valor los proyectos de arquitectura moderna en el país.
Palabras clave: Arquitectura moderna, valores arquitectónicos, Gilberto Gatto Sobral, Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Pabellón Central Administrativo, Facultad de Jurisprudencia.AbstractThe research project investigates the different mechanisms and formal operations carried out by one of the pioneers of modern architecture in Ecuador, the Uruguayan architect Gilberto Gatto Sobral, for the design of the Campus of the Central University of Ecuador and its first two buildings that were designed and built between the years 19451955 in Quito - Ecuador. The research describes, in the first instance, the trajectory of the architect Gilberto Gatto Sobral through a detailed review of his works, his academic and professional instruction, and his influences. At the same time, and with the purpose of understanding the components used in his works and obtaining general design criteria at an urban and architectural level, French references and Uruguayan professors of the time are reviewed who significantly marked his thinking, in addition to the concept of Garden City and the contribution in the international modern architecture of the Bauhaus. Having understood these criteria, and to have a deeper understanding of the mechanisms used on the campus and the university buildings developed by the author, three key concepts used in an architectural solution are taken as a theoretical basis: the site, the program, and the technique. These serve as the basis for the reconstruction and analysis of the general plan of the University City and the buildings to be studied: The Central Administrative Pavilion and the Faculty of Jurisprudence and Social Sciences. As a result of the study, it is possible to identify the design criteria that the architect will apply in his future projects at an urban and architectural level, and it is also possible to give value to the modern architecture projects in the country.
Keywords: Modern architecture, architectural values, Gilberto Gatto Sobral, University City, Central University of Ecuador, Central Administrative Pavilion, Faculty of Jurisprudence.
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Rivera Carrillo, Solange Poleth. "Infectadas. Una lectura sobre los cuerpos de las mujeres que viven con el Virus del Papiloma Humano en Quito = Female Patients. A close look of the female patients infected with the Human Papillomavirus in the city of Quito." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 14 (June 27, 2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i14.5824.
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<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>El Virus del Papiloma Humano (HPV) tipificado como una Infección de Transmisión Sexual, es considerado como un problema de salud pública en Ecuador. El virus ha incidido en las mujeres tanto en su salud, como en sus comportamientos y en las percepciones de su cuerpo. Este artículo analiza cómo se construyen sus cuerpos, sexualidad y relaciones sentimentales después de contraer el HPV. Se realizaron entrevistas semi estructuradas y observación participante a 20 mujeres que acuden a un hospital de Quito. Los resultados muestran que sus cuerpos son construidos a través del estigma y la regulación de los comportamientos y su sexualidad.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is codified as a sexual transmitted disease (STD) in Ecuador: therefore, it has been considered and handled as a public health issue within the country. The virus has affected the heath of patients as in their behaviors and in the perceptions of their body. The aim of this article is to analyze how a group of patients deals with their bodies, sexuality and personal relations after being infected. For this analysis, twenty Hospital patients in Quito were observed. They actively participated in the process that included clinical diagnoses and structured interviews. The results showed that their bodies and sexuality have been approached with stigma and regulation.</p>
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López-Guzmán, Tomás, Mónica Torres Naranjo, Jesús Claudio Pérez Gálvez, and Wilmer Carvache Franco. "Segmentation and motivation of foreign tourists in world heritage sites. A case study, Quito (Ecuador)." Current Issues in Tourism 22, no. 10 (June 28, 2017): 1170–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1344625.
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Trueba Macías, Blanca Alicia, Mayda Karola Avalos Zambrano, Sandy Lisbeth Hormaza Villafuerte, and Arturo Damián Rodríguez Zambrano. "ANÁLISIS DE LA OFERTA Y DEMANDA DEL ATRACTIVO TURÍSTICO: PLAYA DE SAN LORENZO." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 24, no. 104 (September 12, 2020): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v24i104.370.
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El turismo en Ecuador es su tercer mayor rubro ingresos. En la provincia de Manabí se considera que la actividad aporta con el 15% del PIB. El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada antes de la pandemia por COVID-19, sobre el panorama de la oferta y demanda de la Parroquia San Lorenzo, cantón Manta. Este espacio rural, a pesar de estar caracterizado por tener recursos turísticos como sus playas naturales protegidas, la celebración de fiestas populares, los vestigios arqueológicos y la riqueza gastronómica, no ha sido potencializado. El diseño de investigación escogido fue el no experimental. Para la recolección de información, se llevaron a cabo la revisión de trabajos técnicos, observaciones de campo y la aplicación de una encuesta a 385 visitantes. Como resultado se obtuvieron aportes al reconocimiento del perfil, satisfacción y percepción del turista sobre la gestión del destino y de los servicios. Se exploraron aspectos como la infraestructura, seguridad, costos, conservación ambiental entre otros. Se concluye que el visitante de San Lorenzo es una persona joven, con formación superior y una capacidad de gasto media, quien acude frecuentemente al destino para descansar y disfrutar del sol y la playa. Desde la percepción del visitante, existen muchos aspectos positivos a mantener. Sin embargo, la gestión de eventos culturales, información turística, señalización, baterías sanitarias, reciclaje, accesibilidad para personas con discapacidad y los servicios de ocio y recreación, son aspectos que necesitan ser mejorados para lograr una mayor oferta y demanda que impulse el turismo en la Parroquia San Lorenzo y promueva el flujo de turistas en la provincia.
Palabras Clave: turismo sostenible, oferta y demanda, turismo en Ecuador, turismo de sol y playa, desarrollo de atractivos turísticos.
Referencias
[1]PROMPERÚ, Informe para la planificación de productos turísticos, Lima, Perú: Comisión de Promoción del Perú para la Exportación y el Turismo, 2014.
[2]Ministerio de Turismo del Ecuador, «Respetar la naturaleza es amar la vida,» OMT, 21 01 2018. [En línea]. Disponible en: https://www.turismo.gob.ec/respetar-la-naturaleza- es-amar-la-vida/. [Último acceso: 02 de agosto de 2020].
[3]Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador, Refugio de vida silvestre Marino Costero de la parroquia San Lorenzo, Manta, Ecuador: Ministerio del Ambiente, 2014.
[4]A. Martínez, Territorios en mutación: repensando el desarrollo desde lo local, Quito, Ecuador: Editorial FLACSO, 2010.
[5]A. Larrea, Modo de desarrollo, organización territorial y cambio constituyente en el Ecuador, Quito: SENPLADES, 2011.
[6]Ministerio de Turismo del Ecuador, Plandetur 2020- Objetivo, estrategias y politicas de actuación de sostrenibilidad.,Quito, Ecuador: MINTUR, 2013.
[7]J. Sanchez Ruiz, L. Coronel–Curimilma, A. Suárez–Jaramillo y M. Maza–Ortega, «RUTA TURÍSTICA MAÍZ Y CASCADAS: ESTUDIO DE CASO CONUN ENFOQUE DEL TURISMO CULTURAL Y NATURAL., » Universidad Ciencia Y Tecnología, vol. 24, nº 99, pp. 53-60, (2020).
[8]K. Godfrey y J. Clarke, The Tourism development handbook. A practical approach to planning and marketing, London, England: Editorial Cassell, 2000.
[9]B. Benavidez, Planificaciòn y gestiòn turìstica de la Comisiòn de Turismo del Gad PR frente al desarrollo local de la cabecera parroquial de Colonche, Santa Elena, Ecuador: Universidad Estatal Penìnsula de Santa Elena, 2013.
[10]J. Arellanon, Plan de desarrollo y ordenamiento territorial del Cantón Manta, Manta, Ecuador: Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de Manta, 2015.
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Garzon-Chavez, Daniel, Daniel Romero-Alvarez, Marco Bonifaz, Juan Gaviria, Daniel Mero, Narcisa Gunsha, Asiris Perez, et al. "Adapting for the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador, a characterization of hospital strategies and patients." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): e0251295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251295.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on 11 March 2020. In Ecuador, the first case of COVID-19 was recorded on 29 February 2020. Despite efforts to control its spread, SARS-CoV-2 overran the Ecuadorian public health system, which became one of the most affected in Latin America on 24 April 2020. The Hospital General del Sur de Quito (HGSQ) had to transition from a general to a specific COVID-19 health center in a short period of time to fulfill the health demand from patients with respiratory afflictions. Here, we summarized the implementations applied in the HGSQ to become a COVID-19 exclusive hospital, including the rearrangement of hospital rooms and a triage strategy based on a severity score calculated through an artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted chest computed tomography (CT). Moreover, we present clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory data from 75 laboratory tested COVID-19 patients, which represent the first outbreak of Quito city. The majority of patients were male with a median age of 50 years. We found differences in laboratory parameters between intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU cases considering C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and lymphocytes. Sensitivity and specificity of the AI-assisted chest CT were 21.4% and 66.7%, respectively, when considering a score >70%; regardless, this system became a cornerstone of hospital triage due to the lack of RT-PCR testing and timely results. If health workers act as vectors of SARS-CoV-2 at their domiciles, they can seed outbreaks that might put 1,879,047 people at risk of infection within 15 km around the hospital. Despite our limited sample size, the information presented can be used as a local example that might aid future responses in low and middle-income countries facing respiratory transmitted epidemics.
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Carrera, Raúl. "Bruce Bagley, Adrian Bonilla, and Alexei Paez (eds.) La Economia Politica del Narcotrafico: El Caso Ecuatoriano. Quito, Ecuador: FLACSO-Sede Ecuador, 1991. 246 pp., bibliography, documents." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 4 (1991): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165884.
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Larrea-Araujo, César, José Ayala-Granja, Andrea Vinueza-Cabezas, and Patricia Acosta-Vargas. "Ergonomic Risk Factors of Teleworking in Ecuador during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 5063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105063.
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Due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, guidelines for people’s confinement have been implemented to prevent the disease’s spread. As a result of this, companies have implemented teleworking as an emerging way to work from home using information technology. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Ecuador, with a sample of 204 teleworkers in the city of Quito. The results show that the teleworkers rearranged their bedrooms to carry out their activities. The respondents in each age group stated they did not perceive more significant ailments than those experienced before beginning teleworking. The relationships between the variables were analyzed utilizing the Chi-Square test and Fisher’s exact test, finding a relationship between neck ailments and age of p = 0.031 * and between arm/forearm ailments of p = 0.032 *. This study contributes to a greater understanding of the ergonomic situation of the teleworkers and provides us with information to mitigate the ergonomic risks to which they are exposed.
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Camacho Aguirre, Erick Santiago, and Marco Antonio Medina Ortega. "Bases de la modernidad de la arquitectura de Quito del siglo XX: un análisis explicativo de su origen enla ciudad." Vivienda y Comunidades Sustentables, no. 9 (January 30, 2021): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32870/rvcs.v0i9.158.
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Los textos de arquitectura que estudian la modernidad en la ciudad de Quito son en su mayoría una recopilación de edificios o de autores y descripciones de sus obras, por lo que no aportan al entendimiento de cómo se representó la modernidad en la ciudad. En consecuencia, se carece de un trabajo que analice los hechos que influyeron en cómo las manifestaciones y expresiones de la modernidad se concretaron tanto enla sociedad como en la arquitectura de la ciudad. Este artículo hace una revisión cronológica, entrelazando los hechos históricos del Ecuador desde lo político, lo económico y lo social, para explicar las razones de cómo se cimentaron las bases de la modernidad en la ciudad de Quito. La explicación se hace dentro de un marco de entendimiento desde las visiones de autores como Bolívar Echeverría y David Harvey, y se proponeun análisis de las particularidades históricas del país y de la ciudad. Para ello se analiza el crecimiento de la ciudad, se identifican expresiones arquitectónicas representativas y se evidencian los momentos en que las bases de la modernidad se presentaron y gestaron particularidades que se manifestaron en la ciudad de Quito en respuesta a su propio modelo social, económico y político local. Del trabajo se concluye que en el caso de la arquitectura moderna de Quito el desarrollo teórico, tecnológico y morfológico comienza aestablecerse a fines de la década de los treinta, y sienta las bases de una modernidad que se analiza a través de un cambio en el comportamiento, como lo describe Echeverría y, sobre todo, porque se hacen presentes elementos materiales claramente identificables de la modernidad, como lo propone Harvey.
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Cando-Jácome, Marcelo, Antonio Martínez-Graña, and Virginia Valdés. "Prevention of Disasters Related to Extreme Natural Ground Deformation Events by Applying Spatial Modeling in Urban Areas (Quito, Ecuador)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030753.
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Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is a spatial technique based on obtaining the phase differences of two radar images, acquired by a satellite from separate orbits and at different times, to obtain a ground displacement image of a study area, This image is called interferogram. On the other hand, space syntax is a technique within architecture that is applied to quantify and describe the level of ease of population movement through any urban space in a city. It analyzes the flow, transit, displacement, accessibility and concentration of the population in areas of basic services, health, security, commerce and entertainment. What would happen if an earthquake greater than 6 or 7 Moment Magnitude-Mw occurs in these areas of intense concentration of the population that are in buildings constructed on intense deformations of the land? With respect to the seismic risk in the city of Quito, many studies related to seismic risks have been published, but there are no studies that relate the deformation of the land (INSAR) with the space syntax, so this article presents a new vision in the joint application of these tools, a useful vision for urban planners and designers, considering the occurrence of a major earthquake in areas of buildings that are located on intense land deformations and have high population concentrations. This study has been prepared in two phases: in the first phase, the built-up areas concentrated in the greatest terrain deformations by accumulated displacement obtained using the APS estimation & multitemporal analysis by PSI-InSAR time series analysis methodology and Sentinel 1A and 1B satellite images were categorized. In the second phase, through the space syntax’s theory and the use of DepthmapX, the movement patterns and traffic flows of the population were determined by means of graphs of spaces interconnected by streets (axial maps), to predict the spatial behavior of humans and its concentration in the mentioned sites. Finally, the results were integrated, determining the degree of exposure of the population found in built areas with high to very high displacement and an intense population concentration.
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Bravo, Luisa, and Mirko Guaralda. "Urban Visions. Beyond the Ideal City | Report from the Habitat III Village, Pop-up Public Space." Journal of Public Space 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i1.60.
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<p>‘Urban Visions. Beyond the Ideal City’ was an event held at Habitat III, the United Nations conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development, in Ecuador, included in a series of meetings and events at the Pop-up Public Space, Habitat III Village, in Parque El Ejido in Quito. On 26<sup>th</sup> October 2016, we presented two research projects aiming at community engagement on issues related to the future of the urban environment:<br />- the "InstaBooth", a telephone booth-inspired portable structure developed at the Urban Informatics Lab of the Queensland University of Technology - <a href="http://www.urbaninformatics.net/projects/instabooth/">http://www.urbaninformatics.net/projects/instabooth/</a> - which uses tangible and hybrid interaction such as multi-touch screens and media façades to facilitate face-to-face and digitally mediated discussions;<br />- the cinematography competition "Urban Visions. Beyond the Ideal City", promoted by City Space Architecture - <a href="http://www.cityspacearchitecture.org/?p=urban-visions-beyond-the-ideal-city">http://www.cityspacearchitecture.org/?p=urban-visions-beyond-the-ideal-city</a> - which is the first film competition in the Italian context involving film-makers at a professional level on topics related to cities and urbanity.</p>
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EGGLESTON, ELIZABETH. "USE OF FAMILY PLANNING AT FIRST SEXUAL INTERCOURSE AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN ECUADOR." Journal of Biosocial Science 30, no. 4 (October 1998): 501–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002193209800501x.
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The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with the use of family planning at first sexual intercourse among young adults aged 15 to 24 in urban Ecuador. The study population consisted of 1443 young adults (494 females and 949 males) in the cities of Quito and Guayaquil, interviewed by the 1988 Ecuador Young Adult Reproductive Health Survey, who reported having experienced consensual sexual intercourse. Approximately 11% of females and 15% of males reported using contraception at first intercourse. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess jointly the effect of multiple factors on contraceptive use at first intercourse. The regression model was first run on the entire study population and then separately for males and females. In the overall population, the following variables were significantly related to using family planning at first sex: being male; being from Guayaquil; older age; father's completion of secondary school. Having lost one's virginity to a prostitute was significantly associated with non-use of family planning. Males were 3·6 times more likely than females to use family planning during their first sexual intercourse. For each year older a young adult was at first sex, his or her odds of using family planning was multiplied by a factor of 1·3. Twenty-eight per cent of males in this study experienced their first sexual intercourse with a prostitute, and these young men were highly unlikely to use family planning. A male who experienced first intercourse with his girlfriend was more than five times as likely to use contraception than a male who lost his virginity to a prostitute.
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Agryzkov, Taras, José Luis Oliver, Leandro Tortosa, and José F. Vicent. "Extracting Information from an Urban Network by Combining a Visibility Index and a City Data Set." Symmetry 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11050704.
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Cities can be represented by spatial networks, and the mathematical structure that defines a spatial network is a graph. Taking into account this premise, this paper is focused on analysing information on an urban scale by combining a new ray-casting visibility index with a data set of the urban street network. The visibility index provides information about the most visible buildings or areas. We relate this index with other data extracted from the city, with the aim of generating and analysing information about urban elements. To corroborate this idea, real data are analysed. The dataset is related to the heritage conservation of the buildings of the Villaflora suburb, located in the city of Quito (Ecuador). This information is processed, together with the visibility index, with the aim of determining the conservation degree of the urban areas most visually exposed to pedestrians or visitors. The combination of both values—heritage conservation and visibility index—is carried out by means of two new indices, I P and I N , which are defined using two-variable exponential functions.