To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: City planning Human ecology.
Journal articles on the topic 'City planning Human ecology'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'City planning Human ecology.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Yin, Zhang, and Ding Feng. "Landscape Planning and Design of Zhanggongdi City Park Based on Human Ecology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 760, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/760/1/012057.
Full text
2
Osmond, Paul, and Sara Wilkinson. "City Planning and Green Infrastructure: Embedding Ecology into Urban Decision-Making." Urban Planning 6, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i1.3957.
Full textAbstract:
Green infrastructure (GI) includes an array of products, technologies, and practices that use natural systems—or designed systems that mimic natural processes—to enhance environmental sustainability and human quality of life. GI is the ultimate source of the ecosystem services which the biotic environment provides to humanity. The maintenance and enhancement of GI to optimise the supply of ecosystem services thus requires conscious planning. The objective of this thematic issue is to publish a cross-section of quality research which addresses how urban planning can contribute to the conservation, management, enhancement, and creation of GI in the city. The terms of reference include the technical, economic, social, and political dimensions of the planning/GI nexus. Here we offer a brief overview of the articles published in this collection, and consider where policy, planning, and design relating to urban GI may be heading in the future.
3
Zhu, Kai, and Hui Tang. "Ecological Strategies of Landscape Planning and Design in University City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 2096–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.2096.
Full textAbstract:
With the Chinese higher education towards popularity, enrollment increasing number, expanding the size of the school, in order to improve the efficiency of Higher Education, to share resources, a group of mainly university city is relying to resource sharing, functional complementation andintegration of industry as the main target of the emerging community community have been born [. The emergence of University City, not only to promote the rapid development of China's higher education industry, but also greatly enhance the overall strength of their region, and break the idea of human learning, working, living and entertainment has been considered difficult to coexist. However, with the further construction of University City, while its achievements were also exposed some problems can not be ignored it gradually became aware of the region over the blind development of artificial landscape environmental issues. However, the emergence of the ideology of sustainable development as well as landscape design theory and landscape ecology and other disciplines fusion method can ease and improve the environmental problems of the university city landscape, looking for people to provide a new perspective. [
4
Chen, Xiao Jie. "Sports Venues and Outdoor Landscape Design." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3600–3603. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3600.
Full textAbstract:
Sports venues and outdoor landscape is an important part of city green space system, is the embodiment of city landscape ecology, the subject is the city's ecological function. Starting from the venues, sports venues and building purpose and audience of visitors to the needs and behavior characteristics of people-oriented, fully consider the human needs and ornamental demand, planning and design of high grade, the deep connotation of the sports venues and outdoor space environment. Detailed summarized the main content of sports venues and outdoor landscape planning and design and construction management, the in-depth study of the sports venues and outdoor landscape planning design and construction management method. From the angle of landscape image analysis and planning and design of sports venues and outdoor landscape, the landscape elements simplified and summarized, and the outdoor landscape projects in the planning design and construction management process problems are discussed.
5
Amri, Syahrial Nur, Luky Adrianto, and Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen. "SPATIAL PROJECTION OF LAND USE AND ITS CONNECTION WITH URBAN ECOLOGY SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE COASTAL CITY, CASE STUDY IN MAKASSAR CITY, INDONESIA." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2017.v14.a2715.
Full textAbstract:
The arrangement of coastal ecological space in the coastal city area aims to ensure the sustainability of the system, the availability of local natural resources, environmental health and the presence of the coastal ecosystems. The lack of discipline in the supervision and implementation of spatial regulations resulted in inconsistencies between urban spatial planning and land use facts. This study aims to see the inconsistency between spatial planning of the city with the real conditions in the field so it can be used as an evaluation material to optimize the planning of the urban space in the future. This study used satellite image interpretation, spatial analysis, and projection analysis using markov cellular automata, as well as consistency evaluation for spatial planning policy. The results show that there has been a significant increase of open spaces during 2001-2015 and physical development was relatively spreading irregularly and indicated the urban sprawl phenomenon. There has been an open area deficits for the green open space in 2015-2031, such as integrated maritime, ports, and warehousing zones. Several islands in Makassar City are predicted to have their built-up areas decreased, especially in Lanjukang Island, Langkai Island, Kodingareng Lompo Island, Bone Tambung Island, Kodingareng Keke Island and Samalona Island. Meanwhile, the increase of the built up area is predicted to occur in Lumu Island, Barrang Caddi Island, Barrang Lompo Island, Lae-lae Island, and Kayangan Island. The land cover is caused by the human activities. Many land conversions do not comply with the provision of percentage of green open space allocation in the integrated strategic areas, established in the spatial plan. Thus, have the potential of conflict in the spatial plan of marine and small islands in Makassar City.
6
Steiner, Frederick R. "Nature and the City: changes for the first urban century in the United States." Ciudades, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/ciudades.12.2009.13-31.
Full textAbstract:
This panoramic view shows how are focused today the relationships between Nature and the City by research scholars and practitioners in North America. In the American context of an “endless city”, it develops four key ideas for a better approach to urban ecosystems: urban ecology, sustainability, new regionalism and landscape urbanism. Urban ecology has emerged as an interdisciplinary approach for understanding the “drivers, patterns, processes, and outcomes” associated with urban and urbanizing landscapes. With the leadership of several American cities, as New York City, Chicago, Seattle and Portland, urban greening efforts based on principles of sustainability are developed. The new perspectives on regionalism are evident in different efforts associated with the megaregion/megapolitan concept: a new geographic unit of analysis and a new scale for planning. This new regionalism represents a movement led by architects and planners involving geographers, demographers, and policy makers. Finally, landscape urbanism is a more design-based approach. Instead of viewing nature in the city, we have begun to understand the ecology of cities: the urban systems are ecosystems. As a result, “nature cannot be used as exterior decoration, but rather as integral to the health and resiliency of human settlement”.
7
Younés, Samir. "NATURE AND THE CITY: A CO-EVOLUTIONARY PROJECT." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 38, no. 3 (October 8, 2014): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2014.966985.
Full textAbstract:
Architects who understand the need to build enduringly are faced with the almost complete absence of international agreements with respect to a planetary ecological project. The coming environmental changes will probably occur long before the small measures that can be implemented by some building industries on a regional level have even the slightest effect. Meanwhile, the health of the planet in positive feedback. Any project that aims for a wise ecological dwelling on this planet needs to consider short-term sustainable measures in comparison with long-term enduring practices. Might schools of thoughts such as traditional architecture, Gaia theory, Earth System Science, deep ecology, eco-feminism, converge on a co-evolutionary partnership between the natural and the human?
8
Zaykova, Elena. "Formation methods of hybrid urban spaces in the historic city center." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701031.
Full textAbstract:
Russian urban planning practice is experiencing an era of global changes. The appearance of architectural and landscape objects with different types of organization of public spaces in Moscow makes it possible to talk about the transition from standard city planning to objects that have no boundaries between nature, architecture and human environment. Functionally renewed Gorky Park with Crimean Quay and Zaryadye Park represent a new type of public space where nature and technology, education and entertainment, history and modernity are combined and complement each other. New objects have a positive effect on environmental changes using the latest construction technologies, offer citizens a variety of activities and have a powerful scientific resource in working on city aesthetics and ecology. Scientists describe such town-planning objects, as “hybrid spaces”. Hybridization of urban areas encompasses different urban planning levels: from integration of architectural landscape object with border elimination by nature in the historic city center (Zaryadye Park) to formation of the newest linear park with different types of public in the contour of the water area (Gorky Park and Crimean Quay). Due to the high interest of professionals in the new city objects, hybrid spaces deserve to be thoroughly studied, as they influence not only quality of urban environment in the use of landscape architecture tools and technologies, but also issues of managing urbanization and climate change in the near future.
9
Bernetti, Iacopo, Veronica Alampi Sottini, Lorenzo Bambi, Elena Barbierato, Tommaso Borghini, Irene Capecchi, and Claudio Saragosa. "Urban Niche Assessment: An Approach Integrating Social Media Analysis, Spatial Urban Indicators and Geo-Statistical Techniques." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 13, 2020): 3982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12103982.
Full textAbstract:
Cities are human ecosystems. Understanding human ecology is important for designing and planning the built environment. The ability to respond to changes and adapt actions in a positive way helps determine the health of cities. Recently, many studies have highlighted the great potential of photographic data shared on the Flickr platform for the analysis of environmental perceptions in landscape and urban planning. Other research works used panoramic images from the Google Street View (GSV) web service to extract urban quality data. Although other researches have used social media to characterize human habitat from an emotional point of view, there is still a lack of knowledge of the correlation between environmental and physical variables of the city and visual perception, especially at a scale suitable for urban planning and design. In ecology, the environmental suitability of a territory for a given biological community is studied through species distribution models (SDM). In this work we have adopted the state of the art of SDM (the ensemble approach) to develop a methodology transferable to cities with different sizes and characteristics that uses data deriving from many sources available on a global scale: social media platform, Google internet services, shared geographical information, remote sensing and geomorphological data. The result of our application in the city of Livorno offers important information on the most significant variables for the conservation, planning and design of urban public spaces at the project scale. However, further research developments will be needed to test the model in cities of different sizes and geographic locations, integrate the model with other social media, other databases and with traditional surveys and improve the quality of indicators that can be derived from information shared on the Internet.
10
Delgado-Ramos, Gian Carlo. "Water and the political ecology of urban metabolism: the case of Mexico City." Journal of Political Ecology 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21080.
Full textAbstract:
Today, 52% of the world's population live in urban areas and this number is expected to rise to 64-69% by 2050. Cities consume most of the world's energy and materials, and are responsible of about three quarters of direct and indirect GHG emissions. Consumption patterns, however, are asymmetrical among cities and citizens. Urban metabolism, or the analysis of energy and material flows and stocks (infrastructure) that shape settlements, allows the identification not only of the dimensions of these flows and stocks, but also their main technical and socio-ecological features. These can also be evaluated from an urban political ecology perspective, that is, in terms of power relationships that define who gets access to, or control over, natural resources and other components of urban space. This article opens with a general introduction to urbanization trends, followed by a presentation of urban metabolism and urban political ecology approaches as useful analytical tools for assessing the access, management and usufruct of water in Mexico City's Metropolitan Area. A general description of the hydropolitan region of study is then offered in order to analyze urban water flows and their socioecological implications for the water-energy nexus and climate. The article concludes with a call for a paradigm change in order to transform urban settlements towards more livable, sustainable and equitable ones; a process that demands not only paying attention to the form but also to the function of urban territories within capitalist productive relationships. In this context the design and execution of public policies needed for transforming the current trend of constructing, operating, managing, and living in cities must be proactive, imaginative, and based on an integral metabolic planning that allows the adjustment of planning and policy tools to overarching contextual changes and to historical trends and socially desirable futures. Specific recommendations include the bottom-up management of water infrastructure and the guarantee of human rights to water, sanitation and a healthy environment; these are components of the 'right to the city.'Key words: urban metabolism, water, water-energy nexus, climate change, urban political ecology, Mexico City
11
Masciarelli, Francesco. "Sustainable systemic urban planning: principles and trends." WEENTECH Proceedings in Energy 4, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.32438/wpe.4118.
Full textAbstract:
The crisis of the urban environment is a systemic one, and it is due to a joint action of socio-cultural, politic, economic, physic and ecologic factors. It is also related to the progressive decay of communitarian sense and policy representativeness as generative factors of the city; to his economic bases transformation; to decentralization processes and loss of public spaces; to his increasing dimension and speculative land annuity phenomena; to his unsustainable energy needs and environmental impacts. Therefore, this crisis is summarizable as a systemical and sustainability one. But the crisis of the city is also due to the inadequacy of urban planning: the poor comprehension of city systemic nature and poor presence of sustainability measures, the formal rigidity of the top-down processes unable to manage the bottom-up self-organized transformations, lead to a lack of operability of its instruments. As a consequence, the perspectives of the study of the city have to be shifted from the urban structures to the related processes; from the urban components to the whole environment; from the juxtaposition of objects to social and cultural interactions. The most interesting trends in this direction seem to move toward urban regeneration processes through Digital Social Economy that, together with the use of Social Web Platforms, could make more publicly visible, shared and effectively participative the planning processes allowing a real involvement of citizens and communities. Aims of this study is to summarily describe these trends toward systemic urban planning processes, through the analysis of literature and examples, in light of a possible sustainable future of the human environmental system definable as city.
12
Wolch, Jennifer R., Kathleen West, and Thomas E. Gaines. "Transspecies Urban Theory." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 13, no. 6 (December 1995): 735–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d130735.
Full textAbstract:
Contemporary urban theory is anthropocentric. In an effort to foreground a transspecies urban theory, we critically assess research on the impacts of urbanization on the natural environment, the range of human–animal interactions in the city, dimensions of urban wildlife ecology, and urban wildlife management and conservation practices. An heuristic device designed to guide the future development of transspecies urban theory is proposed, building upon recent social theoretic debates.
13
Jon, Ihnji. "Deciphering posthumanism: Why and how it matters to urban planning in the Anthropocene." Planning Theory 19, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 392–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095220912770.
Full textAbstract:
This article responds to the call for planning theorists to develop a posthumanist approach to planning, especially in the context of the Anthropocene or planetary environmental degradation. In the wake of often unexpected and brutal feedback from nature – frequent flooding, heat waves, tornadoes or cyclones – the positioning or conceptualisation of ‘the environment’ in planning has changed; rather than being discounted as an inanimate background that merely hosts human affairs, it is now considered an active agent that influences how we design and plan for a city. The posthumanist framing of the planning agenda is closely related to the previous ‘material turn’ in planning, which initially introduced ‘distributive agency’, where human agency or our willingness to act is activated only via our relation with non-human surroundings. ‘More-than-human’ approaches to planning, inspired by the new ecology movement that debunks the idea of human exceptionalism, attempt to extend that logic even further by proclaiming how we can critically reframe planning to develop more inclusive and ethical relationships with non-human species. As a continuation of this dialogue, I provide the philosophical background behind the recent rise of posthumanist or ‘new materialist’ ecopolitics and argue why and how they can offer important insights for planning theory and practice. I lay out specifically how planners would execute this ‘posthumanist normativity’ in their everyday planning practices, focusing on three lessons that could be directly applicable: (1) understanding environment politics as a mundane politics of representation – which eventually allows us to consider non-human species as social minorities, (2) learning to ‘stay with the trouble’ – recognising the webs of our material dependency on non-human critters that encourage us to cultivate ‘response-ability’ and (3) activating political mobilisation based on empirical experiences – thinking of immediate physical experiences and sensory values as major sources of environmental activism.
14
Perona Alonso, María. "Integración de los servicios ecosistémicos en la planificación urbana: los ríos urbanos." Territorios en formación, no. 12 (December 19, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2017.12.3649.
Full textAbstract:
ResumenEsta investigación parte de la necesidad de poner el foco en los servicios que los ecosistemas pueden llegar a ofrecer en las áreas urbanas tomando en este caso, a los ríos como elemento clave en la planificación urbana. Desde este enfoque, se propone un análisis general de la relación entre el río, la ciudad y los ciudadanos, a través de las estrategias y técnicas de gestión de los entornos fluviales urbanos, los servicios ecosistémicos y el bienestar humano. Asimilando de este modo conceptos propios de la ecología y el urbanismo, y traduciéndolos a un lenguaje común y simplificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la integración es la hoja de ruta a seguir en el camino hacia la ciudad habitable. Palabras clave Servicios ecosistémicos, ecosistema urbano, río urbano, estrategia hidráulica, estrategia ambiental, bienestar humanoAbstractThis part of the investigation of the need to focus on the services that ecosystems can reach urban areas, taking in this case urban rivers as an important element in urban planning. From this approach, a general analysis of the relationship between the river, the city and the citizens is proposed, through the strategies and techniques of management of urban river environments, ecosystem services and human welfare. Assimilating, in this way, concepts proper to Ecology and Urbanism, and translating them into a common and simplified language. The results obtained from the integration of the road map to follow on the way to the habitable city. KeywordsEcosystem services, urban ecosystem, urban river, hydraulic strategy, environmental strategy, human welfare
15
Jylkka, Katja. ""Mutations of nature, parodies of mankind"." Humanimalia 5, no. 2 (February 2, 2014): 48–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9954.
Full textAbstract:
The increasing presence of wild animals (especially carnivores) in cities has become a concern in contemporary news stories, scientific writing, urban planning, and works of fiction. This concern seems to demonstrate that the movement, and more specifically the success, of wild animals in urban space threatens our idea of the city as an inherently unnatural, man-made environment, thereby destabilizing what distinguishes human from animal. Johanna Sinisalo’s novel Troll: A Love Story explores and exploits this instability by making the “animal” in question one from folklore, surrounding it with conflicting discourses of zoology, mythology, and sociology. Although trolls were, in the world of Sinisalo’s novel, discovered as true mammals in 1907, the text never unambiguously disproves the humanity of the troll species. In examining news articles, recent work in urban ecology, and non-fiction by journalists such as Mike Davis and Jenny Price, I will discuss how humans attempt to assert their humanity in opposition to wild animals by figuring animals in the city as monstrous or by making them into tourist attractions – both ways of remaking the animals’ existence in the city unnatural again.
16
Bulkeley, Harriet. "Navigating climate’s human geographies: Exploring the whereabouts of climate politics." Dialogues in Human Geography 9, no. 1 (March 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820619829920.
Full textAbstract:
Just as global institutions and environmental assessment processes embark on the latest effort to integrate more social science into global environmental change research, it appears that the social sciences of climate change are unable or unwilling to address this challenge. In this article, I explore the nature of these dynamics within human geography and argue that climate change occupies a curiously ambiguous position within our discipline of both an explicit presence and an underlying absence. Framed predominantly in terms of a biophysical challenge requiring some form of social response, work on climate change retains an assumed socio-nature divide – a position which has yet to be substantively challenged by the different strands of political ecology, new materialism and environmental humanities that now pervade the discipline. To advance new geographies of climate change, the article argues that our understanding of climate change needs to shift from that of a problem that needs specific responses to a condition that is constituted through specific forms of socio-spatial relation and in turn constitutes the politics, ethics and meaning of particular socio-spatial orderings, from the citizen to the city, the community to the corporation.
17
Fang, Gang, Yong Zhang, and Juan Yang. "Evolution of Urban Landscape Pattern in Suzhou City during 1987-2009." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.332.
Full textAbstract:
The urban landscape pattern evolution and driving forces in SuZhou City in the past two decades were explored based on the landscape ecology theory and the ENVI 4.7 & Fragstats 3.3 technology, using the multi-source interpreted data of Landsat TM images in 1987,2005 and 2009, and Landsat ETM+ image in 2000. The indices chosen are the urban landscape overall constitution, average patch area, patch number, patch density, fractal dimension, contagion index, isolation index, fragment index, landscape diversity and evenness index. Taking the remote sensing as a platform to integrate and analyze the data, the driving forces are summarized together with the development of SuZhou City. This will supply the theory foundation and scientific basis for the land resources of reasonable planning and using, management, sustainable utilization, and the landscape pattern optimization configuration in SuZhou City. The results show that, the landscape pattern in Suzhou City changed greatly from 1987 to 2009. The construction land area increased, while the cultivated land, wood land and water body area decreased. The urban landscape contagion index and landscape fractal dimension were all increased, while the urban landscape diversity and evenness index were all decreased. The isolation index and fragment index of the construction land and cultivated land were small, this shows that the landscape pattern changed mainly by human factors. The population and economy growth together with industrialization and urbanization were main forces for the urban landscape pattern evolution in SuZhou City. The results can provide scientific evidence for ecological landscape design and urban development planning in other regions.
18
Radonic, Lucero, and Sarah Kelly-Richards. "Pipes and praxis: a methodological contribution to the urban political ecology of water." Journal of Political Ecology 22, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v22i1.21115.
Full textAbstract:
This article contributes to the urban political ecology of water through applied anthropological research methods and praxis. Drawing on two case studies in urban Sonora, Mexico, we contribute to critical studies of infrastructure by focusing on large infrastructural systems and decentralized alternatives to water and sanitation provisioning. We reflect on engaging with residents living on the marginal hillsides of two rapidly urbanizing desert cities using ethnographic methods. In the capital city of Hermosillo, Radonic emphasizes how collaborative reflection with barrio residents led her to reframe her analytical approach to water governance by recognizing informal water infrastructure as a statement of human resilience in the face of social inequality, resource scarcity, and material disrepair. In the border city of Nogales, Kelly-Richards reflects on the outcomes of conducting community-based participatory research with technical students and residents of an informally settled colonia around the construction of a composting toilet, while also investigating municipal government service provision efforts. Our article invites readers to view these infrastructure alternatives as ways to explore how applied anthropology can advance the emancipatory potential of urban political ecology through a collaborative investigation of uneven urbanization and basic service provisioning. We emphasize everyday situated relationships with infrastructure in informally organized neighborhoods. Using praxis to collectively investigate the complex and entangled relations between large piped water and sanitation projects and locally developed alternatives in under serviced areas, the two case studies reveal lessons learned and illuminate grounded research openings for social justice and environmental sustainability.Key words: Applied anthropology, infrastructure, political ecology, praxis, water governance, social justice
19
Beaujean, Simon, Amal Najihah Muhamad Nor, Tim Brewer, Juan Gallego Zamorano, Alex Cristina Dumitriu, Jim Harris, and Ron Corstanje. "A multistep approach to improving connectivity and co-use of spatial ecological networks in cities." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 7 (January 12, 2021): 2077–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-020-01159-6.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Context Ecological networks are systems of interconnected components that support biodiversity, ecological processes and ecosystem services. Such structures play a crucial role for nature conservation and people well-being in anthropogenic landscapes. Assessing connectivity by using efficient models and metrics is a sine qua non condition to preserve and improve appropriately these ecological networks. Objectives This study aims to present a novel methodological approach to assess and model connectivity for species conservation (Bufo calamita; the natterjack toad) and human recreation in the city. Methods The study used a combination least cost and circuit models to identify priority corridors in the City of Liège, Belgium. Green areas, habitats and relevant movement parameters were derived based on existing studies around (i) the occurrence, ecology and biology of the natterjack toad and (ii) human behavioural studies on urban pedestrians. Combining the two models allowed the assessment of connectivity for both species via two different metrics visualised using priority corridors on maps. Results The connectivity assessments identified lack of connectivity as the potential route to extinction of natterjack toads at one of the source sites. Conclusions This study provides examples of how combining least cost and circuit models can contribute to the improvement of urban ecological networks and demonstrates the usefulness of such models for nature conservation and urban planning.
20
Mačiukėnaitė, Justina, and Giedrė Gudzinevičiūtė. "EMERGENCE OF ECOLOGICAL PLANNING ABROAD AND IN LITHUANIA / EKOLOGIŠKO PLANAVIMO GALIMYBĖS UŽSIENYJE IR LIETUVOJE." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 5, no. 3 (October 21, 2013): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2013.36.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the 21st century it is sought to go from overuse and wasting to temperate and abstemious use. Not without reason such terms as ‘sustainable’ and ‘eco-’ are more and more visible and emphasized in all spheres of human activity, including architecture and urban planning. Loud words ‘eco quarter’, ‘eco neighborhood’, ‘eco city’ and similar recently have expanded from theory to practice – in building and territory planning. Ecology principles, such as sustainable transport, water, materials, zero waste, land use culture, satisfaction about the living environment and else, may be understood, valuated and used very widely – from ecological living, farming and manufacturing to ecological planning. Of course, all these aspects are quite easily understood in theory and it is possible to image them in new and currently built towns, but quite hard in historical objects. Santrauka XXI amžiuje bandoma nuo perdėto vartojimo ir švaistymo pereiti prie nuosaikaus ir saikingo vartojimo. Neveltui „sustainable“ ir „eco“ terminai vis labiau girdimi ir akcentuojami visose žmogų liečiančiose srityse, taip pat ir architektūroje bei urbanistinio planavimo srityje. Skambūs žodžiai „eco quarter“, „eco neighbourhood“, „eco city“ ir kiti pastaruoju metu išsiveržė iš teorinės plotmės į praktinę – teritorijų, pastatų planavimo sritį ir po truputį įgauna realų pavidalą. Ekologiniai principai, tokie kaip darnus transportas, vanduo, medžiagos, nulinė tarša, žemės naudojimo kultūra, pasitenkinimas gyvenamąja aplinka ir t. t., gali būti suprantami, vertinami ir naudojami labai plačiai – nuo ekologiškos gyvensenos, gamybos, ūkininkavimo iki ekologiško planavimo. Žinoma, visus šiuos aspektus lengva suvokti teorinėje plotmėje, įmanoma įsivaizduoti naujai kuriamuose miestuose ar jų dalyse, naujai statomuose pastatuose, tačiau gan sudėtinga sukurti jau pastatytuose ir seniai naudojamuose objektuose. Straipsnis anglų kalba.
21
Azarova, I. B. "COMPLEX ODESSA SEA PORT ESTIMATION ON THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT BASIS." Transport development, no. 2(3) (October 31, 2018): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33082/td.2018.2-3.08.
Full textAbstract:
The publication is devoted to the problem of choosing a strategic direction for further development of the Odessa seaport territories. According to some urban planning experts, the main problem of these territories is that the development of a cargo port, handling of bulk cargoes and increasing the traffic load in the city center of Odessa inevitably leads to the degradation of the city-port system. Therefore, they raise the issue of the cargo port remove outside the city to develop these territories as a recreational facilities. But their opponents believe that the port is not only noise and dust, it is also thousands of jobs for inhabitants and the source of state revenue refill and taxes to the local budget. Sea ports are also plays an important role in state interests as a gate for export of Ukrainian products. So the aim of the study is a comprehensive assessment of the port activity based on the sustainable deve-lopment concept, which considers the sustainable development of complex systems of human settlements, states or civilization as a whole by ensuring balanced development of the social, economic and environmental spheres of these systems. The article provides an integrated analysis of the Odessa seaport activities in the economic, social, environmental and urban planning fields. The role of this enterprise and the strategic directions of its further development in the context of transportation, the ecology of the urban environment and urban planning activity are defined. The analysis showed the complexity and ambiguity of the Odessa seaport location and its further deve-lopment in residential area in the historic center of the Odessa city. In order to reduce the environmental and traffic negative impact of the port to residential buildings, it is necessary to modernize the port and ensure the development of appropriate infrastructure, as well as eliminate impossible activities from an urban planning point of view at the port's location. As the main private investment attractor for the seaport development can be used some areas freed up after the optimization of the port activity, which will be provided under certain investment conditions for building recreational facilities. The development of a model for the comprehensive assessment of similar development projects is a promising direction for further research in this field.
22
Wu, Zhenhua, Shaogang Lei, Bao-Jie He, Zhengfu Bian, Yinghong Wang, Qingqing Lu, Shangui Peng, and Linghua Duo. "Assessment of Landscape Ecological Health: A Case Study of a Mining City in a Semi-Arid Steppe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050752.
Full textAbstract:
The ecological status of the semi-arid steppes in China is fragile. Under the long-term and high-intensity development of mining, the ecological integrity and biodiversity of steppe landscapes have been destroyed, causing soil pollution, grassland degradation, landscape function defect, and so on. Previous studies have mainly focused on ecosystem health assessment in mining areas. Landscape ecological health (LEH) pays more attention to the interactions between different ecosystems. Therefore, the ecological assessment of mining cities is more suitable on a landscape scale. Meanwhile, the existing LEH assessment index systems are not applicable in ecologically fragile areas with sparse population, underdeveloped economy, and in relatively small research areas. The purpose of this study was to construct a LEH assessment index system and evaluate the LEH of a mining city located in a semi-arid steppe. Xilinhot is a typical semi-arid steppe mining city in China. The contradictions between the human, land and ecological environment are serious. A new model Condition, Vigor, Organization, Resilience, and Ecosystem (CVORE) model was constructed that integrated five subsystems (services) from the perspectives of ecology, landscape ecology, mining science, and geography. This study used the CVORE model to systematically evaluate the LEH in Xilinhot city in terms of five LEH levels, including very healthy, healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy and morbid landscape. Research results show that the areas of the very healthy, healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy and morbid landscapes are 13.23, 736.35, 184.5, 66.76 and 20.63 km2, respectively. The healthy landscapes area accounts for 72.08% and most grasslands are healthy. The sub-healthy landscapes are mainly located around areas with higher disturbances due to human activities. The morbid or unhealthy landscapes are concentrated in the mining areas. The proposed CVORE model can enrich the foundations for the quantitative assessment of Landscape Ecological Health of Mining Cities in Semi-arid Steppe (LEHMCSS). This study provided a new LEH assessment approach (CVORE model), which can support landscape ecological restoration, ecological environmental protection and urban planning of the semi-arid steppe mining cities.
23
Padayachee, Ashlyn L., Şerban Procheş, and John R. U. Wilson. "Prioritising potential incursions for contingency planning: pathways, species, and sites in Durban (eThekwini), South Africa as an example." NeoBiota 47 (June 19, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.47.31959.
Full textAbstract:
Increased trade and travel have resulted in an increasing rate of introduction of biological organisms to new regions. Urban environments, such as cities, are hubs for human activities facilitating the introduction of alien species. Additionally, cities are susceptible to invading organisms as a result of the highly altered and transformed nature of these environments. Despite best efforts at prevention, new incursions of alien species will occur; therefore, prioritising incursion response efforts is essential. This study explores these ideas to identify priorities for strategic prevention planning in a South African city, Durban (eThekwini), by combining data from alien species watch lists, environmental criteria, and the pathways which facilitate the introduction of alien species in the city. Three species (with known adverse impacts elsewhere in the world) were identified as highly likely to be introduced and established in Durban (Alternantheraphiloxeroides,LithobatescatesbeianusandSolenopsisinvicta). These species are most likely to enter at either the Durban Harbour; pet and aquarium stores; or plant nurseries and garden centres – therefore active surveillance should target these sites as well as adjacent major river systems and infrastructure. We suggest that the integrated approach (species, pathways, and sites) demonstrated in this study will help prioritise resources to detect the most likely and damaging future incursions of alien species.
24
Stammler, Florian, and Lena Sidorova. "Dachas on permafrost: the creation of nature among Arctic Russian city-dwellers." Polar Record 51, no. 6 (November 20, 2014): 576–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247414000710.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis article analyses the phenomenon of the post-Soviet Russian summer cottage, dacha, in the Arctic. We take an ethnographic comparative perspective for contributing to the refinement of our understanding of human-environment relations and urban anthropology of incomer-northerners, those with roots somewhere outside the north. Evidence from fieldwork in Murmansk Oblast, West Siberia and Sakha-Yakutia shows how for a socialist and post-socialist northern urban livelihood, the dacha has become an indispensable counterpart of life in the urban concrete housing blocks for most Russian northern inhabitants. We explore in this article the importance of dacha for northern identity of urban dwellers, by analysing spheres of individual and collective agency, freedom, attachment to place and land. We conclude that the dacha movement has filled a gap that had been left open by Soviet Arctic urbanisation: a dacha has come to stand for a human-environment relationship that gradually re-introduces rurality to urban life in the Russian Arctic so permanently that dacha places start losing their seasonal character.
25
Yu, Xujing, Liping Shan, and Yuzhe Wu. "Land Use Optimization in a Resource-Exhausted City Based on Simulation of the F-E-W Nexus." Land 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101013.
Full textAbstract:
Limited land resources are used to meet the growing economic, social, and ecological needs of people in China. Food, energy, and water (F-E-W) are the basic resources for supporting human survival and the transformation of different land uses. This paper tries to construct a theoretical framework of land use and the F-E-W nexus and uses system dynamics to simulate the optimal allocation of land use in Shizuishan City, China, by comparing different scenarios that have different parameters related to F-E-W. The final results follow: (1) according to the relationship between land use and the F-E-W nexus, a three-layer nested theoretical framework is constructed. (2) Future land use under different scenarios differs. Under the scenarios of a less dependence on coal energy, a higher utilization efficiency of energy and agricultural water resources, and a lower grain self-sufficiency rate, there are less crop and urban lands but more ecological land. However, generally speaking, crop and rural construction lands tend to decrease, while urban and ecological lands tend to increase. (3) Combined with different objectives, the rapid transformation scenario is considered a better option in which to achieve a balance among the economy, society, and ecology. This paper also discusses the application of land use optimization in the delineation of three control lines in territory-space planning in China.
26
Shaker, Richard, Joseph Aversa, Victoria Papp, Bryant Serre, and Brian Mackay. "Showcasing Relationships between Neighborhood Design and Wellbeing Toronto Indicators." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030997.
Full textAbstract:
Cities are the keystone landscape features for achieving sustainability locally, regionally, and globally. With the increasing impacts of urban expansion eminent, policymakers have encouraged researchers to advance or invent methods for managing coupled human–environmental systems associated with local and regional sustainable development planning. Although progress has been made, there remains no universal instrument for attaining sustainability on neither regional nor local planning scales. Previous sustainable urbanization studies have revealed that landscape configuration metrics can supplement other measures of urban well-being, yet few have been included in public data dashboards or contrasted against local well-being indicators. To advance this sector of sustainable development planning, this study had three main intentions: (1) to produce a foundational suite of landscape ecology metrics from the 2007 land cover dataset for the City of Toronto; (2) to visualize and interpret spatial patterns of neighborhood streetscape patch cohesion index (COHESION), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), and four Wellbeing Toronto indicators across the 140 Toronto neighborhoods; (3) to quantitatively assess the global collinearity and local explanatory power of the well-being and landscape measures showcased in this study. One-hundred-and-thirty landscape ecology metrics were computed: 18 class configuration metrics across seven land cover categories and four landscape diversity metrics. Anselin Moran’s I-test was used to illustrate significant spatial patterns of well-being and landscape indicators; Pearson’s correlation and conditional autoregressive (CAR) statistics were used to evaluate relationships between them. Spatial “hot-spots” and/or “cold-spots” were found in all streetscape variables. Among other interesting results, Walk Score® was negatively related to both tree canopy and grass/shrub connectedness, signifying its lack of consideration for the quality of ecosystem services and environmental public health—and subsequently happiness—during its proximity assessment of socioeconomic amenities. In sum, landscape ecology metrics can provide cost-effective ecological integrity addendum to existing and future urban resilience, sustainable development, and well-being monitoring programs.
27
Zhu, Zhipeng, Guangyu Wang, and Jianwen Dong. "Correlation Analysis between Land Use/Cover Change and Air Pollutants—A Case Study in Wuyishan City." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132545.
Full textAbstract:
Land use changes have significantly altered the natural environment in which humans live. In urban areas, diminishing air quality poses a large threat to human health. In order to investigate the relationship between land use/cover change (LUCC) and air pollutants of Wuyishan City between 2014–2017, an integrated approach was used by combining remote sensing techniques with a landscape ecology methods. Annual, seasonal, and weekly mean values of air pollutant (SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, O3, PM2.5, black carbon) concentration and atmospheric visibility were calculated to develop a Pearson correlation between LUCC and air pollutants concentration. Results showed an increase in forested areas (1.79%) and water areas (15.89%), with a simultaneous reduction in cultivated land (6.47%), bare land (72.61%), and built-up land (16.03%) from 2014 to 2017. The transition matrix of land use types revealed that (i) forest expansion took place mainly at the expense of cultivated land (13.94%) and bare land (27.48%); and (ii) water area expansion took place mainly at the expense of cultivated land (1.29%) and forests (0.21%). In 2017, the proportion of days with AQI level I (94.52%) was higher than that in 2014 (88.77%). Additionally, the annual average visibility in 2017 (37.42 km) was higher than 2014 (27.46 km). The concentration of SO2, CO, O3, and black carbon was positively correlated with the cultivated land. The concentration of SO2, CO, and black carbon negatively correlated with the increase of forests. PM10, and PM2.5 is negatively correlated with the water area. Visibility was found to be positively correlated with forested area, and negatively correlated with cultivated land. The findings from this study represent a valuable gain in understanding of policies aimed at improving, safeguarding, and monitoring air quality. These results can be used to inform land-use planning decisions in a comprehensive way and could be a valuable tool for LUCC rational management strategies.
28
Konstantinov, P. I., M. I. Varentsov, M. Y. Grishchenko, T. E. Samsonov, and N. V. Shartova. "Thermal stress assessment for an Arctic city in summer." Arctic: Ecology and Economy 11, no. 2 (June 2021): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25283/2223-4594-2021-2-219-231.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the fact, that against the background of global warming the Russian Arctic is still a region with severe winters and cool summers; the likelihood of thermal stress conditions in summer is also increasing. At the same time, urban conditions can significantly affect the human heat perception due to the appearance of the urban heat island effect and other factors. Using the example of the city of Nadym (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug), the authors have assessed the possibility of the summer urban heat stress occurrence and analyzed its spatial heterogeneity. The article presents the detailed modeling results of the meteorological regime of the city within the framework of the COSMO-CLM model and the assessment of bioclimatic comfort using the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) index and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). During periods of the extremely hot weather events in Nadym, the territory meso- and microclimatic mosaicism clearly manifests itself. In anthropogenically altered territories, the frequency of strong heat stress events can exceed that in the background areas by 1.7 times. Urban planning solutions should take into account not only the climatic resistance of Arctic cities to the winter cold, but also be adapted to the occurrence of summer heat.
29
Zhang, Mingli, Kun Song, and Liangjun Da. "The Diversity Distribution Pattern of Ruderal Community under the Rapid Urbanization in Hangzhou, East China." Diversity 12, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12030116.
Full textAbstract:
The process of rapid urbanization has affected the composition and diversity of urban vegetation species. The process of urbanization from 2000 was analyzed in the area of "one major city with three vice cities and six groups", according to the urban master planning of Hangzhou from 2001 to 2020. The results show that dramatic changes have occurred for land use types during the ten years from 2000 to 2010 in Hangzhou, of which urban land has become the main type of land use and the area of arable land has presented serious loss. This study found that the Gramineae and Compositae species were the main groups of ruderals in 1665 quadrats, which reflected the characteristics of a few large families. The number of Monotypic and Oligotypic family/genera accounted for 67.3% of the total number of families and 97.5% of the total number of genera. The ruderals were dominated by annual life forms with strong adaptability and high plasticity. The ruderal communities in the study areas were divided into 125 community types based on clustering analysis of the dominance of ruderal species. The proportion of summer annual ruderals in the dominant species of ruderal communities gradually decreased along the group-vice city-major city gradient. The percentage of winter annual ruderals was the highest and the percentage of perennials was the lowest in the groups. The number of ruderal community types showed a nonlinear decreasing trend along the urbanization gradient of the group-vice city-major city. The number of ruderal communities in the vice cities and the groups was similar, which was higher than that in the major city. Only species that are highly tolerant to urban habitats can be distributed under frequent and high-intensity human disturbances in the major city. Therefore, the number of ruderal communities in the major city was minimal and it had low diversity.
30
MINZHANOVA, Guldana, Liudmila PAVLICHENKO, Sholpan KARBAYEVA, Lalita BIMAGAMBETOVA, and Oliesia RAZDOBUDKO. "THE GREEN SPACE AND SOCIAL IMPACT IN ALMATY CITY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA ANALYSIS." GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 34, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.34134-645.
Full textAbstract:
The theory of urban ecology tries to enhance the positive aspects of green space for humans, while at the same time decreasing the negative aspects of cities for the environment. These benefits are reflected in economic terms as they have a positive effect on real estate values, investment, tourism and the quality of life. In this study urban green space is defined as all urban land covered by vegetation of any kind. This covers vegetation on private and public grounds, irrespective of size and function, and can also include small water bodies such as ponds, lakes or streams. This study aims to find the relationship between green space abundance and social impact in particular on academic progress in Almaty city, South Kazakhstan. Data on green space, academic average point score, and nine possible confounding variables were collated. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Multivariate data analysis was performed to produce scatter plots that include regression lines. There was a positive relationship between the proportion of green space and better academic average scores per student after accounting for the possible confounding variables. This study provides some support for the idea that access to green space has a positive impact on academic progress, but by no means is it conclusive.
31
GOLUBCHIKOV, Yuri. "COVID-19 Pandemic –Milestone in Rediscovering the Rural Life." Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jssp.2021.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the positive aspects of the impact COVID-19 pandemic has had on rural development, providing several examples from the post-Soviet space. It is predicted that the intensification of dacha recreation phenomenon, which has been significantly influenced by the pandemic, will spatially extend beyond the periurban areas of the largest cities and will create the preconditions for the restoration of abandoned villages, development of rural tourism and preservation of “archaic” living techniques and traditional lifestyle. In an interdisciplinary context, we learn about the increased tendency of city dwellers to own second homes (dacha) in the countryside. Attention is drawn to the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and a decrease in solar activity, along with the decrease in the disinfection capacity of solar UV radiation. The curative proprieties of landscapes are investigated, methods of their valorisation are proposed, and landscape therapy is proposed to be considered during pandemics, some of the most effective activities being open-air walks, with inhalation of negative oxygen ions, phytoncides, terpenes. The growth of uncertainties due to unlimited and uncontrolled human society development is postulated. It is proved that development must consider the unpredicted effects of a catastrophe and use this knowledge to prevent other more devastating events and effects. In this context, the preservation of the primary, although outdated, living techniques is proposed, since they can act as important survival factors in critical mode. It is concluded that COVID-19 pandemic should be perceived as a milestone in the reorientation of geography and ecology towards understanding and advocating for nature preservation to be able to sustain human society in a continuous transformation.
32
Khauin, Safa Aubaid, and Hoda A. Al-Alwan. "Ecological Strategies for Designing Urban River Banks\ Abu Nuwas Buffer Zone in Baghdad as a Case Study." Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2020.27.3.008.
Full textAbstract:
The riverbank is an effective component of the city-river interconnection, and any damage that occurs to it affects its natural structure and particularly its ecological values. Most of these problems are diagnosable and observable in the riverside space, and many studies have focused on them. The emergence of these problems may appear in varying proportions in the riverbank environment depending on the type of human intervention, both in urban and non-urban spaces, which may have a negative impact on the riverbank space. In light of this, studies have been directed towards exploring different ecological strategies that should be applied on the urban riverbank space, which work in an integrated manner with many other values to restore the natural characteristics of landscape and riverbank space and reduce the impact of negative human intervention in them. The main research problem is defined in the loss of the ecological value of riverbanks in cities in general and Baghdad city in particular, and the lack of knowledge concerning the ecological strategies in riverbanks on the planning and design levels. The main objective of the research was thus to draw the theoretical framework that extracts the strategies and indicators of the landscape ecology.The theoretical framework was then applied to the edge of the Tigris River in Baghdad (as a case study), that resembles the area and park of Abu Nuwas region in Baghdad, with the aim of further diagnosing the reality of the riverbank and the extent to which ecological strategies can be applied.The results of the research in both its theoretical and practical aspects have revealed a clear approach to ecological strategies that achieve riverbank ecology and the development of specific mechanisms to provide a safe and effective river environment that accommodates various events and uses in the river bank, and enhances public awareness of its importance
33
Hazell, Emily C. "Disaggregating Ecosystem Benefits: An Integrated Environmental-Deprivation Index." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 15, 2020): 7589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187589.
Full textAbstract:
The valuation of ecosystem services has become an integral part of smart urban planning practices. Traditionally designed to bridge ecology and economy through economic language and logic (e.g., goods and services), this conceptual framework has developed into an effective tool for interdisciplinary work. The concept of ecosystem services is used to improve the management of ecosystems for human well-being. However, gaps in how to govern ecological benefits remain. Specifically, identifying which stakeholders benefit the most from the provision of ecosystem services remains largely unaddressed. This study examines the spatial discordance between ecosystem services and the residential stakeholders who may benefit. Using a landscape approach to quantify urban ecosystem services, an area-based composite index was developed for the City of Toronto, Canada, based on the three pillars of sustainability in order to identify potentially vulnerable populations. This method combines the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and spatial multicriteria decision analysis (GIS-MCDA) to combine and weight a select grouping of socioeconomic and ecological indicators. In addition, two sets of enumeration units (i.e., dissemination areas and census tracts) were evaluated to assess the potential impact of measurement scale on subsequent decision or policy outcomes. Results indicate the spatial interdependencies between ecological and socioeconomic processes in an urban setting, offering a unique framework for novel planning and policy intervention strategies. The influence of measurement scale was demonstrated, creating an opportunity to assess an appropriate policy scale by which to measure and evaluate trends over time and space. This approach seeks to provide a flexible and intuitive planning tool that can help to achieve goals relating to urban sustainability, resiliency and equity.
34
Bhattacharya, Sayan. "Forest and Biodiversity Conservation in Ancient Indian Culture: A Review Based on Old Texts and Archaeological Evidences." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 30 (June 2014): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.30.35.
Full textAbstract:
In the early periods of human history, environment strongly determined the lives and activities of the people. They were very much close to forest and natural resources as we find in historical documents. Ancient Indian texts like Arthasastra, Sathapatha Bhramanas, Vedas, Manusmrti, Brhat-Samhita, Ramayana, Mahabharata, Rajtarangini reflected the concepts of forest ecology and conservation in a sustainable manner. In the Indus valley civilization, several characteristics of the city planning and social structure showed environmental awareness. The presence of leaves, wild animals like peacocks and one-horned deer, tigers, elephants, bulls in the seals and the mud pots can indicate the pattern of biodiversity in those areas. Reduction of forests in that area was due to use of huge amount of timber-wood for burning bricks. So rainfall reduced and soil erosion caused deposition of silt in the Indus River which had choked off Mohenjodaro from the sea, causing a rise in the water table that must have been a prime factor in the destruction of Mohenjodaro. The sacred groves (Tapovana) of India were rich in biodiversity and ecological wealth, which was also mentioned in many ancient Indian documents like Abhigyan Shakuntalam written by Kalidasa. They are small packets of forests dedicated to local deities. In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna compares the world to a single banyan tree with unlimited branches in which all the species of animals, humans and demigods wander, which reflects the concept of community ecology. The trees like Banyan and Peepal were often referred in historical background (widely protected in Asia and Africa) are keystone resources. In modern age, there are many policies developing in many countries for forest and biodiversity conservation, but they are all directly or indirectly influenced by the traditional knowledge developed in the ancient India.
35
Syrbe, Ralf-Uwe, Ina Neumann, Karsten Grunewald, Patrycia Brzoska, Jiři Louda, Birgit Kochan, Jan Macháč, et al. "The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic." Land 10, no. 4 (March 27, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10040341.
Full textAbstract:
The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and plays a major role in avoiding common diseases through its positive impact on physical and mental health. Health is one of the most important factors underlying human welfare and is, thus, vital to sustainable development. The ES of urban green space provide other social-cultural functions alongside public health, for example by fostering environmental justice and citizenship participation. Thus, they should always be considered when searching for solutions to urban problems. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of green areas in three selected cities on the health and well-being of people by self-reporting of green areas’ visitors. To this end, we posed the research question: which types and characteristics of urban green space are most appreciated by city dwellers? Based on our findings, we have drawn up recommendations for practices to promote better living conditions. We have also pinpointed obstacles to and opportunities for leisure time activities as well as ways of supporting the public health of citizens.
36
de Groot, Mirjam, and Riyan van den Born. "Humans, Nature and God: Exploring Images of Their Interrelationships in Victoria, Canada." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 11, no. 3 (2007): 324–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853507x230582.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis study explores visions of nature among five populations in Victoria, a small city in British Columbia, Canada: Christians, Muslims, Native Americans, Buddhists, and secularists. Each group was asked to express their view of the human relationships with nature based upon four approaches: mastery over nature, stewardship in regard to the creation, a partner, or a participant in the processes of nature. The first model, in which humans wield hierarchical power and mastery over nature, was rejected by all groups. Christians and Muslims adhered to the stewardship image of the human/nature relationship, while Buddhists and Native Americans considered themselves to be participants in nature. The secularists made combinations of the approaches to exemplify their view. Twenty-seven individuals participated in extensive interviews as part of this study, which also included a small scale written survey of fifty-three persons.
37
Lee, Tracy S., Nicole L. Kahal, Holly L. Kinas, Lea A. Randall, Tyne M. Baker, Vanessa A. Carney, Kris Kendell, Ken Sanderson, and Danah Duke. "Advancing Amphibian Conservation through Citizen Science in Urban Municipalities." Diversity 13, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050211.
Full textAbstract:
As cities adopt mandates to protect, maintain and restore urban biodiversity, the need for urban ecology studies grows. Species-specific information on the effects of urbanization is often a limiting factor in designing and implementing effective biodiversity strategies. In suburban and exurban areas, amphibians play an important social-ecological role between people and their environment and contribute to ecosystem health. Amphibians are vulnerable to threats and imbalances in the aquatic and terrestrial environment due to a biphasic lifestyle, making them excellent indicators of local environmental health. We developed a citizen science program to systematically monitor amphibians in a large city in Alberta, Canada, where 90% of pre-settlement wetlands have been removed and human activities continue to degrade, alter, and/or fragment remaining amphibian habitats. We demonstrate successes and challenges of using publicly collected data in biodiversity monitoring. Through amphibian monitoring, we show how a citizen science program improved ecological knowledge, engaged the public in urban biodiversity monitoring and improved urban design and planning for biodiversity. We outline lessons learned to inform citizen science program design, including the importance of early engagement of decision makers, quality control assessment, assessing tensions in program design for data and public engagement goals, and incorporating conservation messaging into programming.
38
Kolobova, Svetlana. "Evaluation of economic efficiency of the state programme of renovation of residential buildings in Moscow." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 05023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819305023.
Full textAbstract:
Renovation of housing estate in Moscow is aimed at prevention of growth of the hazardous dwelling in Moscow, development of the housing estate and their improvement. The programme of renovation is adopted for the period up to 2032 and it will allow eliminating the imbalance of development of the urban environment, which is saved up for the last decades, on the other hand it will prevent mass emergency housing estate in Moscow in the next 10-15 years. Updating of the housing estate is to be based on the development of infrastructure, on the creation of additional conditions for human development, on the ecology, providing complex development of the territory according to the modern requirements to the urban environment. The economic efficiency of renovation of the housing estate will be estimated with the use of indicators of increase in the consumer quality of apartments, blocks of flats, residential districts. The method of calculation of economic effect of renovation before delivery of inhabited and non-residential premises for rent is developed for the definition of payback period and the potential monthly cost of the rent after renovation of buildings. The offered method allows estimating the efficiency of organizational actions of the state programme and it is only a part of assessment of the overall economic efficiency. The offered technique of assessment of economic efficiency of renovation will allow making economically reasonable decisions during various stages of city-planning activity: during preliminary preparation, during planning of the territory, during development and the approval of the design and estimate documentation.
39
Gong, Yaxi, Xiang Ji, Xiaochun Hong, and Shanshan Cheng. "Correlation Analysis of Landscape Structure and Water Quality in Suzhou National Wetland Park, China." Water 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 2075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152075.
Full textAbstract:
The newly issued “Guideline of General Planning of Wetland Parks”, China, reclassified the functional zoning of national wetland parks into three categories: conservation areas, restoration and reconstruction areas, and rational utilization areas. Therefore, the country is facing a new round of revision and compilation of the general planning of national wetland parks. The purpose of this paper was to provide information to guide wetland park functional zoning and to formulate the water pollution prevention and control strategy. In this study, 53 sampling points of 6 national wetland parks in Suzhou City were selected. Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis, redundancy analysis, single factor, and comprehensive water quality identification index methods were used to analyze the effects of wetland landscape types and landscape configuration on water quality. (1) Lakes and rivers in the wetland park had positive ecological effects and should be distributed in each functional zone. (2) Grassland ecology is fragile. Grasslands should be distributed in conservation areas and in restoration and reconstruction areas. (3) Woodland and cultivated land have both ecological and economic benefits. They can be used as ecological buffer and entertainment zones, which are respectively distributed in the restoration and reconstruction areas and in the reasonable utilization areas. (4) Built-up land is highly disturbed by humans. It should only occur in the rational utilization areas and far away from the conservation areas.
40
Rose, Jeff. "Cleansing public nature: landscapes of homelessness, health, and displacement." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20779.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article engages directly with a group of individuals who reside in and among the margins of an urban municipal park, through a 16-month critical ethnography. Facing abject poverty, threats from law enforcement, and trials of living outdoors, these 'Hillside residents' cite the local health department as a primary source of potential displacement from the place they call home. 'Health', in this context, references three interconnected features of contemporary urban homelessness: the material interactions associated with living outdoors, the litter that occasionally accumulates in the area, and human solid waste. Health also has specific discursive constructions on the Hillside, where the individuals living there are presented as unclean, particularly vis-à-vis the 'natural' unbuilt world in which they live. A logic of sanitizing the unclean means that 'cleaning' moves beyond the material imposition of humans on nature, or nature on humans. Instead, cleaning speaks to a societal problem: a need to cleanse society of unwanted social detritus, to create a healthy society. 'Cleanliness' creates an optimum, healthy urban experience to facilitate the transactions of contemporary consumer and financial capitalism, providing a new and central facet of global neoliberal restructuring, having particularly devastating effects for the lowest classes. Political ecology is leveraged to consider the roles of material and discursive cleanliness as an agent of health in the social reproduction of capitalism, creating natures and subjects that further support it. Key words: urban homelessness, cleanliness, political ecology of health
41
Simmons, Caleb. "History, Heritage, and Myth." Worldviews 22, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 216–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-02203101.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This essay examines popular and public discourse surrounding the broad, amorphous, and largely grassroots campaign to “Save Chamundi Hill” in Mysore City. The focus of this study is in the development of the language of “heritage” relating to the Hill starting in the mid-2000s that implicitly connected its heritage to the mythic events of the slaying of the buffalo-demon. This essay argues that the connection between the Hill and “heritage” grows from an assumption that the landscape is historically important because of its role in the myth of the goddess and the buffalo-demon, which is interwoven into the city’s history. It demonstrates that this assumption is rooted within a local historical consciousness that places mythic events within the chronology of human history that arose as a negotiation of Indian and colonial understandings of historiography.
42
Jiang, Yunfang, Luyao Hou, Tiemao Shi, and Yuemin Ning. "Spatial Zoning Strategy of Urbanization Based on Urban Climate Co-Movement: A Case Study in Shanghai Mainland Area." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082706.
Full textAbstract:
Urbanization has brought with it large populations in cities, which has then led to changes in urban land use intensity and spatial patterns, resulting in changes in underlying surfaces and urban climate. The impacts of the early urbanization process and the rapid development of the international metropolis on the interactive development of spatial zoning, urban climate, and urbanization in the main region of Shanghai are studied. This study has important practical and methodological implications with respect to two major themes in the current urban planning area of China, specifically, the construction of new urbanization and the changes in urban climate adaptation. Through the experiences of the human activities model from ecology, factors are selected based on the effects of climate on four dimensions, namely, economy, urban construction, ecological, and environment, where the weight of each index is determined by the coefficient of the variation method and the important spatial factors influencing the climate effect are screened out. The four important influential factors are population density, road density, built-up areas, and the green coverage ratio of spatial distribution. A quantitative analysis determined that there exists a consistent relationship between urban climate factors and the four urbanization spatial factors. Based on urbanization classification that considered each factor evaluation along with integrated analyses and statistical correlation analyses of the spatial grid index using ArcGIS software, the urban space partition level is identified, and urban spatial zoning strategies based on the co-movement of urban climate system are put forward. Combined with the zoning study of land use and the urban heat island distribution pattern, the spatial zoning strategy of controlling urbanization intensity based on the urban climate system is proposed. This research will guide the integration of the urbanization spatial structure and urban climate system toward rational development in Shanghai city.
43
Rahman, Md Mostafizur, and György Szabó. "Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Urban Ecosystem Service Value in Dhaka, Bangladesh." Land 10, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10080793.
Full textAbstract:
Urban ecosystem services provide a wide range of services to sustain life, social relation, health, etc., and address most of the challenges, including climate change and environmental pollution. While it is recognized that the urban ecosystem substantially contributes to human well-being in cities, there is less attention to consider the value of urban ecosystem service in urban planning and policymaking. This study analyzed the land use and land cover (LULC) dynamics of city of Dhaka over the past three decades (1990–2020) to evaluate the impact of LULC on ecosystem services value (ESV). The estimation of ESV in relation to LULC has been done using the globally used benefits transfer method (BTM). Findings of the study show that built-up area has increased by 188.35% from 1990 to 2020, with an average annual growth rate is about 6.28%. The analysis of ESV shows that it has decreased by 59.55% (85 million USD) from 142.72 million USD in 1990 to 57.72 million USD in 2020 due to the development of the built-up area through conversion of agricultural land, waterbodies, and forest and vegetation land. This study also identified that waterbodies are the greatest contributor to ESV. The result on the elasticity of ESV in relation to LULC implies that about 1% transition in LULC would result in about 0.33% change in total ESV during the study period. We believe that the findings of this study would serve as a reference for the policy maker and urban planner to devise appropriate land use decision to ensure sustainable urban development of Dhaka.
44
Xiang, Zhang, Song, and Li. "Impacts of Precipitation and Temperature on Changes in the Terrestrial Ecosystem Pattern in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 23 (December 3, 2019): 4872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234872.
Full textAbstract:
The terrestrial ecosystem plays an important role in maintaining an ecological balance, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting the sustainable development of human beings. The impacts of precipitation, temperature, and other natural factors on terrestrial ecosystem pattern change (TEPC) are the basis for promoting the healthy development of the terrestrial ecosystem. This paper took the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) as the study area, analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of TEPC from 1995 to 2015, and used spatial transfer matrix and terrestrial ecosystem pattern dynamic degree models to analyze the area transformation between different terrestrial ecosystem types. A bivariate spatial autocorrelation model and a panel data regression model were used to study the impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC. The results show that: (1) The basic pattern of the terrestrial ecosystem developed in a relatively stable manner from 1995 to 2005 in the YREB, and transformations between the farmland ecosystem, forest ecosystem, and grassland ecosystem were more frequent. The temporal and spatial evolution of precipitation and temperature in the YREB showed significant regional differences. (2) There was a significant negative bivariate global spatial autocorrelation effect of precipitation and temperature on the area change of the forest ecosystem, and a positive effect on the area change of the settlement ecosystem. The local spatial correlation between precipitation or temperature and the terrestrial ecosystem showed significant scattered distribution characteristics. (3) The impacts of precipitation and temperature on TEPC showed significant regional characteristics on the provincial scale. The impact utility in the tail region is basically negative, while both positive and negative effects exist in the central and head regions of the YREB. Moreover, the impact showed significant spatial heterogeneity on the city scale. (4) The Chinese government has promulgated policies and measures for strategic planning, ecological environment protection, and economic support, which could effectively promote ecological and sustainable development of the YREB and promote the coordinated development of the ecology, economy, and society in China.
45
del Acebo Ibáñez, Enrique, and Mariano Costa. "Antarctic environmental problems: attitudes and behaviours of young inhabitants of two Argentine cities (Buenos Aires and San Carlos de Bariloche)." Polar Record 46, no. 3 (December 4, 2009): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247409990404.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis study tries to show how the different modes of the fact of urban dwelling relate to the different forms and types of behaviour and representations of reality in relation to the present and future environmental problems, and their probable and desirable solutions, of Antarctica. On the basis of a theoretical socio-ecological and socio-existential discussion, together with a ‘rootedness’ approach, the results of a comparative study on young inhabitants (15–25 years old) of the Patagonian city of San Carlos de Bariloche, and the city of Buenos Aires, are analysed in order to ascertain their representations, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours, in relation to Antarctica, its environmental problems, and possible solutions to them.‘Rootedness’ is considered as a ‘total phenomenon’: multidimensional and interdependent among its different dimensions, spatial, social, and cultural, and also as an explanatory variable, together with anomie, (taken in this context as being an individual and/or structural situation that emerged when subjects do not feel that the current normative and axiological framework applies to them), participation, and consumerism. These variables were measured and related to different attitudes and behaviours of the young inhabitants in question.Individuals with a high ‘rootedness’ level, and a low anomie level tend to identify environmental problems as dealing with immediate human action in terms of depredation and/or direct pollution. At the same time, this type of social actor (‘rooted’ and not anomic) tends to give priority as a solution to the socialisation and information processes. Perhaps a clear visualisation, coupled with a clear experience of the normative-axiological web of a given society could anchor individuals so that they could be in a better position to identify environmental problems, as well as possible causes and solutions thereof. A high grade of anomie causes subjects to envisage the future in a most pessimistic way.Control and punishment as a means of remedying environmental problems tend to be emphasised predominantly among subjects within the 20–25 age range, and within a higher percentage of females. The same solution is also suggested by individuals suffering from a low actual, as well as potential, participation level.Antarctica tends to be seen as the Terra Incognita. The high percentage of subjects that do not answer or say that they do not know the Antarctic issue can be summed up as a predominant ‘couldn't-care-less’, indifference many young people demonstrate with respect to the continent. The imaginary Antarctica, as a fruit of an aesthetic, poetic, and utopian vision is predominantly present among young people with a lower level of consumerism orientated life, a low anomie level and a high grade of potential participation, that is, individuals endowed with sufficient energy to experience and go ahead in concepts in which Antarctica rises as a metaphor of beauty, mystery, purity, virginity, and as the last shelter. Conversely, a more pragmatic and conflict aimed vision of Antarctica is to be found in a higher ratio among young people with the highest socio-economic level (SEL).
46
Li, Yang, Chunyan Xue, Hua Shao, Ge Shi, and Nan Jiang. "Study of the Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Forest Landscape Patterns in Shanghai from 2004 to 2014 Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124397.
Full textAbstract:
The landscape patterns of urban forests not only reflect the influence of urbanization on urban forests, but also determines its function in urban ecosystem services. In the case of mastering the overall forest landscape pattern of a city, a study of the structure of urban forest landscapes at different scales and in urbanized regions is beneficial to a comprehensive understanding of the forest characteristics of a city. In the present study, an attempt was made to map and monitor the spatio-temporal dynamics of an urban forest in Shanghai from 2004 to 2014 using remote sensing techniques. Methods of landscape ecology analysis are followed to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of an urban forest landscape by urban and rural gradient regionalization. The results show that the spatial structure of an urban forest landscape is essentially consistent with an urban landscape pattern. Due to strong interference from human activities, the ecological quality of forest landscapes is low. At the landscape level, the urban forest coverage rate increased from 11.43% in 2004 to 16.02% in 2014, however, the number of large patches decreased, there was a high degree of urban forest landscape fragmentation, landscape connectivity was poor, landscape patch boundaries were uniform, and weak links were present between ecological processes. Different urban and rural gradient division methods exhibit obvious gradient characteristics along the urban–rural gradient in Shanghai. The regional differences in the urban forest landscape ecological characteristics have further increased as a result of urban planning and zoning. The total amount of urban forest is located closer to the urban center, which has the smallest total amount of forest; however, in terms of urban forest coverage, the suburbs have more coverage than do the outer suburbs and the central urban areas. The urban forest landscape’s spatial distribution area is evidently different. Urbanization affects the areas closest to urban residential areas, which are markedly disturbed by humans, and the urban forest landscape has a high degree of fragmentation. The forest patches have become divided and unconnected, and the degree of natural connectivity has gradually decreased over the past 10 years. At the landscape class level, broadleaf forests are dominant in Shanghai, and their area exhibits an increasing trend; shrublands and needleleaf forests, however, show a decreasing trend. Compared with other forest types, the spatial distribution of broadleaf forest is concentrated in the suburbs, and the aggregation effect is relatively apparent. From the perspective of urban forest landscape pattern aggregation characteristics in Shanghai, the spatial distribution of urban forest landscape point patterns in the study area exhibit extremely uneven characteristics. The point density of urban forest patches larger than 1 ha in Shanghai increased from 2004 to 2014. However, the total number of patches with areas larger than 5 ha decreased, and this decrease plays an important role in the ecological environment. In the past 10 years, the concentration characteristics of urban forests with large patches has gradually decreased. In 2014, the urban forest landscapes decreased by 5 km compared to the intensity of aggregates in 2004, which also indicates that urban forests in Shanghai tend to be fragmented. The results of this study can be useful to help improve urban residents’ living environments and the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem, and they will also be vital to future management.
47
Bertoncello, Brigitte, Lély Tan, and Jian Zhuo. "Shanghai: City Planning “With a Human Face”." China Perspectives 2017, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.7225.
Full text
48
KOLEVATYKH, Dmitry A. "FORK. URBAN PLANNING AND HUMAN." Urban construction and architecture 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2020.01.14.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship of the phenomena occurring on our planet is considered. The author suggests looking at the process of city formation as one of them, putt ing it on a par with phenomena of both a biological and physical nature. The article provides a classification of some phenomena occurring in observable reality. A hypothesis is put forward, which is accompanied by a questionnaire study. This hypothesis partially relates to the question of the correctness of the architect’s work regarding the preservation of historical and architectural heritage within urban space. In parallel, it is proposed to rethink the concept of “historical and architectural monument” in the context of the city with respect to its inhabitants. The article is accompanied by illustrative material by the author.
49
Wallace, Mark. "The Spirit of Environmental Justice: Resurrection Hope in Urban America." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 12, no. 2-3 (2008): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853508x360019.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractUsing the resources of prophetic religion, and with special reference to the blighted city of Chester, Pennsylvania, I argue that lack of access to affordable, nutritious food is an environmental justice problem embedded within a host of other social and economic problems. A holistic analysis of the dysfunctional web that ties together seemingly disparate social pathologies can make sense of, and provide solutions for, the eco-crisis, including the food crisis, in urban communities today. I offer a case study of a grocery co-op in Chester as a successful experiment in sustainable food justice and participatory democracy that directly confronts the urban crisis, including the rising incidence of obesity and diabetes in under-resourced communities. By avoiding a carbon-intensive food regime, the Co-op is a living parable of how local food choices can undergird the health of consumers along with the bio-systems that support this and future generations of humans, animals, and plants. I conclude that the powers of resurrection hope and biblical justice are compelling resources for combatting the mean-spirited politics of greed and power that drive the downward cycle of American cities today.
50
Trepl, Ludwig. "City and ecology." Capitalism Nature Socialism 7, no. 2 (June 1996): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10455759609358681.
Full text