Journal articles on the topic 'City planning India Madurai (City)'

This paper examines the arguments whereby the Brahman priests of a Hindu temple in the town of Kalugumalai, South India, claim exclusive rights to perform worship in that shrine. For comparison, it also deals briefly with the priests of a much larger temple in the nearby city of Madurai, whose arguments partly contradict those used in Kalugumalai. This discrepancy will be explained by treating both sets of arguments as strategic statements, which legitimize the self-interests of their respective protagonists.

AbstractWhat is ‘early modern’ about religion in South India? In theorizing early modernity in South Asia, the category of religion has been viewed with scepticism, perhaps to avoid painting India as the exotic ‘Other’ that failed to modernize in the eyes of Western social theory. And yet, Western narratives, drawn from secularization theory, fail to do justice to our historical archive. As a vehicle for approaching the experience of religion in early modern South India, this article invokes the category of space as a medium for the publicization and contestation of meaning across diverse language, caste, and religious publics. In the process, it excavates the codification of the ‘Sacred Games of Śiva’ as public religious canon of the city of Madurai, exemplifying the distinctive role played by religion in public space in early modern South India.

AbstractRecent economic changes in India have coincided with a dramatic change in the concept of a ‘middle class’ in the south Indian city of Madurai. Whereas previous sets of class identities were overwhelmingly dichotomous (for example, the rich and the poor, or the ‘big people’ and ‘those who have nothing’), the middle class has now become a highly elaborated component of local class structures and identities. It is also a contested category; moreover, its indigenous boundaries differ from those most often used by scholars, marketers, or policy-makers. Drawing from research over the past decade, this paper examines local definitions of ‘middleness’ and the moralized meanings ascribed to it. Whilst being ‘in the middle’ is a source of pride and pleasure, connoting both achievement and enhanced self-control, it is simultaneously a source of great tension, bringing anxiety over the critical and damaging scrutiny of onlookers. For each positive aspect of a middle-class identity that emphasizes security and stability, there is a negative ramification or consequence that highlights the precariousness and potential instability of middle-class life. In exploring each of these aspects, I pay attention to the explicitly performative features of class identities. I conclude by considering the epistemological and experiential insights we gain into the construction of emergent class categories by focusing on self-ascribed identities and their performance.

Madurai city, in the state of Tamil Nadu, is one of the ancient temple cities of India and has been existing since two millennia. It is the second largest city in terms of area and the third largest in terms of population in the state. Despite this, the city’s population and economy is shrinking. In 2010, the city’s boundary expanded to cover the entire urban agglomeration. But even after 9 years of integration, differences exist between the newly merged areas and the old city. The spatial division in provision of basic services coupled with the characteristics of a shrinking city has posed fundamental challenges in the path of sustainable development. This article discusses the development of Madurai city with regard to its history, demography, economy, health and education infrastructure. It also offers insights into the unique challenges faced by the city and discusses the policy implications for reversal of the retardation of the city to that of holistic progress.

Subject area Power and politics. Study level/applicability This case is suitable for all levels of students, undergraduate MBA to Executive MBA classes and practitioners. Assignment questions are designed from the perspective of teaching this case to a business student audience. Case overview A raging dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu over the 116-year-old Mullaperiyar Dam was in the national spotlight after mild tremors shook nearby areas. The Mullaperiyar Dam was located in Idukki district of Kerala in India. The dam was filled to its maximum permissible level of 136 ft. Tamil Nadu wanted the storage capacity to be increased by raising the dam height from 136 ft (41.5 m) to 142 ft (43 m) as per a 2006 Supreme Court directive to meet the growing irrigation needs of the state. The dam was vital for people living in the drought-prone districts of Theni, Dindigul, Madurai, Sivagangai and Ramanathapuram of Tamil Nadu. It irrigated about 220,000 acres and supplied drinking water to Madurai city and several towns. Kerala on the other hand wants a new dam as it feared that a strong earthquake might damage the existing dam. Chief Minister of Kerala, Oommen Chandy said: “I strongly believe that only a new dam can provide safety to the people of Kerala. We are only concerned about the safety of the people. But, unfortunately, there is a feeling in Tamil Nadu that the situation of panic here is a created one. That is not at all correct”. However, Tamil Nadu Government said the dam was safe as it had undergone periodic repairs during 1980-1994 with Kerala Government's approval. With the Kerala Government screaming loud over the danger that could be caused by the alleged obsolete 116 year old Mullaperiyar Dam on safety grounds of people who live downstream, why is Tamil Nadu defiant on any debate that cites the decommission of the controversial dam? Is the Tamil Nadu Government overlooking the issue for its personal benefits by putting the lives of 3 million people at stake? Expected learning outcomes The case would fit in a course for power and politics. It would also be appropriate for a modular course on regional development planning. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Now-a-days developing countries like India converting their traditional marketing strategy into modern electronic mode or online marketing us people in India also felt comfortable in online shopping, Madurai is a business city where can find lot of business emerging here and there. People in Madurai are considerably tradition in their virtues. This study has been taken to analyse the satisfaction level of the customer towards online shopping; objective of the study is to find satisfaction level and the factor influencing online shopping. Using simple random sampling method, data has been collected from 45 respondents from Madurai city. Data analysed with the help of SPSS software.

The organic farming sector in developing countries is still diminutive. However, the traditional practice of organic farming by the indigenous farmers is an advantage that would help India to become a global market leader in this sector. India has the potential to emerge as a major exporter of organic produce. Organic products mature without the use of fertilizers, artificial chemicals, and pesticides. The Indian organic food market, although in its nascent stage, has started growing rapidly. Generally, consumers prefer organic food due to safety, human health, and ecological concern. Sometimes it could also be due to attributes like nutrition value, taste, originality and look of organic food. Worldwide trade in organic products is growing incredibly which has prompted experts to project consumption of organic food to be more than 25% of total food consumption by 2020. Universal consumption growth rates over the next 3-5 years will be fairly high (25 – 30%) when compared to most other categories of food. In the last decade, organic food products have been measured to do a healthier business than conventional food products. Thus the expansion of organic agriculture is seen as a part of promising promotion trends. This research reveals the percentage consumption of organic food products and provides suggestions to implement the various marketing strategies adopted by the retailers to sell the products and other factors impacting the preference of the consumers in the various strata of the society.

Madurai “Athens of South India” occupies a pride of place in the Indian subcontinent. Its age-old history, cultural resources, and strategic location are the responsible factors for its growth as a tourist center. In the domain of the Hindu religion, Madurai occupies a unique place. Its popular deity Goddess Meenakshi is very famous. Madurai is the second biggest city in Tamilnadu, and it is located on the banks of river Vaigai. It is situated between 7°57’ and 11° 10’ and north latitude and 77° 50’ and 79° 85’ east longitude. Madurai has many names like Kudal Manager, Nanmadakkudal, and Tiruvalavai. Madurai is a well-planned city, just like Mohenjadaro. Meenakshi Amman Temple is located at the heart of the city. The temple is surrounded by streets named after Tamil months Adi, Avani, and Masi. Most of Sri Meenakshi Temple was built between the 13th and 19th centuries. This paper “the features of Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple” deals with the features andcontribution of Thirumalai Nayak to the temple.

TVS is one of India’s largest diversified industrial conglomerates, with its principal headquarters in Madurai and international offices in Chennai. TVS motor company is a multinational motorcycle company is the third-largest motorcycle company in India. In today’s competitive world, market research player, a vital role to aid the company in understanding the customer expectation from the company. Customer satisfaction is an important component of a company’s relationship with their customers it is effectively utilizing marketing and sales resources has been a top priority for many organizations. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyze the satisfaction level of the customer towards TVS two-wheeler in Madurai city; a sample of 45 respondents has been selected using a simple random sampling method questionnaire has been used to collect primary data from the respondents. SPSS software is used to analyze the data statistics.

The establishment of a Dutch trading factory at Kayalpatnam in 1645 initiated half a century of Luso-Dutch rivalry for the control of the Madurai coast (modern Tamilnad) until its ‘final solution’ in the 1690s. The stakes were high and involved both material and non-material considerations. Contemporary Dutch sources estimated the capital value of the local chank or conch shell and pearl fishery at 350,000 and 5 to 6 million guilders, respectively. Almost half of the circa 500 vessels involved in the pearl fisheries of 1668 and 1669 came from the seven major ports (yelu ur) of the socalled Fishery Coast (Costa de Pescaria). Control over southeast India littoral, moreover, meant mastery of the strategic Palk Straits and the Indo-Ceylon trade in areca, textiles, salt, grains, ray skins, chaya or dye roots, lime, and the like. Dutch projections of potential revenues derived from this source in the 1670s ranged from 1.28 to 1.65 million guilders per year. Apart from the intra-Asiatic or country trade, exports from the Madurai coast became increasingly important in the long-distance trade with Europe in the wake of the ‘calicoe craze’. Between 1680-81 and 1734-35, the total invoice and sales value of Dutch textile exports from Madurai destined for patria amounted to 8.85 and 15.31 million guilders, respectively. The annual invoice and sales value of Company textile exports from southeast India littoral to the Dutch Republic peaked in the first decade of the eighteenth century at an average of 282,824 and 644,541 guilders, respectively. In 1704-05, the invoice and sales value of Dutch textile exports from Madurai to Europe alone amounted to no less than 659,215 and 1,362,050 guilders, respectively.

Navarātri (Tam. Navarāttiri) is one of the most popular and important annual festivals in the south Indian city of Madurai. The same is true elsewhere in the state and, in somewhat different forms, the festival is also popular in many other regions of India, notably Bengal (where it is known as Durgā Pūjā) and Karnataka (where it is called Dasarā). Navarātri means ‘nine nights’ and throughout India the festival is celebrated on the first nine lunar days (tithi) of the bright fortnight (i.e. the fortnight ending on full moon) of the lunar month of āśvina. In the Tamil calendar, however, the year is divided into twelve solar months and Navarātri is said to occupy the nine lunar days beginning with the day after new moon in the solar month of puraṭṭāci (September-October). Very occasionally, the Tamil formula may supply the wrong date. In many years, the festival only lasts eight weekdays, as two lunar days may fall within one weekday. (In some parts of India, a Navarātri festival is celebrated in the spring, but that is not discussed here.)

Homeless people who not able to get and keep regular, safe and sound houses, or lack of fixed usual and sufficient night-time residence. The numbers of homeless peoples are increased due to the lack of adequate housing, unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood and old age etc. They are living in open areas like pavements, railway platforms, Hume pipes, under flyovers and open places near temples are described as homeless. In India, 1.77 million people are living homeless and 35 per cent of people are still earning $1 or less a day. The objectives of the study are 1) to know the socio-economic conditions of the homeless people in Madurai city, 2) to examine the factors affecting the homeless people in Madurai city and 3) To suggest viable strategies for improving their living conditions of homeless people. The study is entirely based on primary data. It deals with socio-economic conditions of homeless people, and factors influencing homelessness of homeless people in Madurai city. In the study, 100 homeless people were interviewed by using a well-structured interview schedule. The findings of the study have been identified various factors as the causes of homelessness and deprivation. Thus, the fact emerges that the homeless dwellers in the study area are socio-economically very poor and backward.

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<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:RelyOnVML /> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">ATM is used by millions of people in a day. It is meant to be a public utility device.Hence the microorganism’s plays a major role in accommodating the safer place, ATM.Hence to this account an elaborate survey was taken for complete assessment of microbiology in and around Madurai city. Swabs were collected from each ATM screen, buttons, floor, user’s hand, exposure of plates and also extended the work in relation with microorganisms prevalent in ladies toilet the samples collected from ATM were plated in nutrient agar plates. The results showed the presence of increased bacterial count subsequently, most pathogens on characterization extended revealed the genus of the particular organism<em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> E-coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aures, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Salmonella, Serratia </em>and fungal species included <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aspergillus sp, Mucor sp and Fusarium</em>. 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Financial literacy is a knowledge related to financial instrument. In India women are equally earnable like men as and they financially independent. Financial literacy is an ability to manage and invest money on financial sources. Low financial literacy may cause financial loss in individual’s life which affect family as well. In this study financial literacy among working women has been analysed with the objective to find the financial literacy level among working women and to analyse the most preferred investment instrument. 45 samples were collected from working women over various field like textile industry, Information technology, fashion, teachers, professors and health industry based working women are taken as sample for the study. Data collected with the help of questionnaire, simple random sampling techniques is used for sampling, SPSS soft ware is used to analyse data.

In developing countries like India both men and women are working for survival; in this tight schedule, packaged instant foods make their cooking process easy and saves time. Packaged instant food products simplify the cooking process and speed ups the cooking. Nowadays, every supermarket shelf is filled with instant food products. As customers are willing to buy more, so it is important to analyze their opinion regarding packed instant food. In a study, an attempt ah been made to analyze the customer’s level of opinion towards packaged instant food. The objective of the study is to analyze the opinion of the customers towards packaged instant food products. A sample survey was conducted in Madurai city; the sample size is 45. The questionnaire has been used to collect primary data from the respondents. SPSS software is used to analyze the data statistics.

Women are the major source of economic development in countries like India, now a day’s women are financially independent and equally earnable in family, society has also accepted the changes as well, at the same banking becomes digitalized every individual prefers to use plastic cards instead of cash for the transaction and shopping. ATM card is a basic instrument that helps to withdraw money and deposit money in the bank account. Every banking company offers free ATM that is debit /credit card services to their customer; the objective of the study is to find the usage perception towards women and find the purpose of using ATM cards in their day to day life. The sample size of the study is 40, SPSS 22 software is used to analyze data collected., the hypothesis of the study is valued with the help of One Way ANOVA.

The taxi space in India is heating up and has been seeing phenomenal growth in the past 6-7 years. An organized rental cab was introduced in the Indian market in 2004 with Meru cab service. It soon became popular among customers in metropolitan cities, but the actual revolution came in 2010 when app-based services started its operation. Soon the market became competitive, and consumers became more demanding. Now companies are using various strategies to bring more customers as well as to retain their old customers. The study of customer attitude is important for every cab service provider to get the maximum market share in the business. Customer attitude is a post dissonance of consumption activity influenced by various factors. To study the customer attitude towards online cab services, a sample of 150 respondents was selected in Madurai city. The purpose of the present study is to know the various factors influencing the customers while selecting a cab service. The study also focuses on the problems faced in online cab services, and also the future needs of the customers are also found. The study also reveals the most preferred online cabs by the customers.

India is one of the largest countries in terms of geographical size, which requires efficient means for long-distance transportation. Public transport, being the primary mode of transport, remains a powerful yardstick to measure the overall development of a nation. Among the various modes of transport, Railways are one of the biggest modes of passenger transport in the world. The Railway passenger services face long term competitive threats from airlines, luxury buses, personalized transport, and improved public transport. To compete with other modes of transport, it is inevitable for railways to accelerate the growth of passenger’s origination. It is essential for the railway authorities to know the opinion of the passengers regarding the services offered to them to make future policies and provisions. Having this drive in mind, the researchers have undertaken a study about the services provided by the Indian Railways along with its objectives to analyze the passengers’ preferences, satisfaction, limitations, and perceptions towards the same. Every aspect related to railway services like ticket availability, quality of travel, employee behavior, safety, timing, and other relevant aspects is analyzed at different levels of the research. As passenger satisfaction is chosen to be the concept for this research, elements that allow passengers to feel satisfied with offered services are also mentioned in the theoretical part. The scope of this project is limited to passengers of Madurai city.

The process of urbanisation has dramatically increased in India in recent years. The Government of India launched Smart City Mission in 2015 which was intended to transform 100 cities into smart cities. The focus of our research is one such city in India on its path to smartification. Pune’s smart city mission focuses on techno-infrastructural development to increase mobility and digital connectivity. Social-cultural and historical indicators are not considered an integral part of this development. Given this, does the smart city mission of Pune privilege the techno-infrastructural development of a city over its social and cultural development? In this paper, we identify museums and heritage sites in Pune as signifiers of a city's culture and analyse metro development plans through GIS to understand whether the museums' current geography mentioned above and heritage sites require alignment with Pune’s planned smart city mission. The research shows that the quest to ‘upgrade’ and ‘modernise’ is not adequately aligned with the role of key historic-cultural institutions such as museums and heritage sites. The case of Pune city shows that, without careful and inclusive development plan, a full roll-out of the smart city project will exclude a large number of historical and cultural spaces such as museums and heritage sites from emerging as an integral part of smart cities across the country and render them peripheral to modern urban life.

Contemporary India’s tryst with development continues to revolve around cities, and the latter remain the locus of India’s development narrative. But instead of seeing the city as already constituted or as a backdrop for economic activities, the present article proposes to implicate the city as a producer and product of social relations as well as a site of resistance and conformity. While doing so, it moves away from conventional modernist paradigms of imagining the city as the highest rung of development geography or the Marxist/subaltern studies formula of reading the city as a space of unredeemable inequality leading to the insurgency of the marginalised. What is proposed here is that the idea of city is emergent which expresses itself neither through its official representations nor through the radicalism of dissent but through multiple unstructured articulations of everyday life as well as the contingency of power and resistance. This is corroborated by drawing upon the experience of Thyagaraya Nagar (T. Nagar) which provides a representative Indian urban experience and where social and political relations spill out of institutional planning templates.

Background: Oral health is an integral part of general health. Good oral health helps people to communicate and enhances their dignity and personality. Oral health of soft drink factory workers depended on their working environment. Aims and objectives: To assess the oral health status and treatment needs of soft drink factory workers in Madurai city, Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 175 soft drink factory workers. Informed consent from the participants and ethical clearance were obtained. Data were collected by using WHO Oral Health Assessment Form for Adults, 2013. Results: The result shows higher prevalence of oral problems with 80% dental caries, 82.9% gingival bleeding, 13.7% periodontal pockets, 15.4% loss of attachment, 54.9% fluorosis, and 50.9% dental erosion in soft drink factory workers. Conclusion: The study suggests that the oral health status of these soft drink factory workers is poor and there is an increased need for their dental treatment.

Motivation for construction of Salt Lake City comes from the circumstances characterizing life in Calcutta known by its social, political and cultural activities. Among many problems, the City was faced with poverty and overcrowding. West Bengal Government realized that serious steps have to be taken to resolve the situation. One of the biggest actions of the Government was creation of so called 'NEDECO' Plan for reclamation certain area of the Salted Lakes, followed by the tender for urban planning. The enterprise for water ways Ivan Milutinovic was considered the most convenient for both: reclamation and planning. The Conceptualization covers the Main Aims and interests forming plan basis where three factors were selected: urban character, new vs old town, inhabitants and town growth. Follows Existing Land Use Pattern of the Municipal Area. The realization of the Salt Lake Master Plan, as a part of the Municipal Area, is shown through an Overview of Achieved Infrastructure covering Roads, Water Supply, Sewerage, Area Level Storm Water Drainage, Solid Waste Management and, finally, through the Other Municipal Services, such as: Administrative Infrastructure, Health Infrastructure, Greeneries, Water bodies, Socio-Cultural Infrastructure. .

India is on the path of developing its smart cities at a faster pace in near future. But what constitutes a smart city and what is purpose of this focus remains to be explored. Through in depth literature review and grounded approach this paper, appraises the genesis of smart city to develop a better understanding of urban problems. It explores how smart cities intend to relate the infrastructure, operational functioning, planning through management, control and optimization to ensure equity, fairness for realizing better quality of city life. The paper also attempts to review how informed participation creates shared knowledge for democratic governance. Anticipated paradigm shifts that will occur in this area of research and the expected impacts in developing and planning smart cities in general and in particular the steps being taken in India in development of smart cities is delved into.

This paper examines how India’s national urban development agenda is reshaping relationships between national, State and city-level governments. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, the flagship programme that heralded a new era of urban investment in India, contained a range of key governance aspirations: linking the analysis of urban poverty to city-level planning, developing holistic housing solutions for the urban poor, and above all empowering Urban Local Bodies to re-balance relationships between State and city-level governments in favour of the latter. Here, we trace Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission’s implementation in Kerala’s capital city, Trivandrum (Thiruvananthapuram), where the city’s decentralised urban governance structure and use of ‘pro-poor’ institutions to implement housing upgrade programmes could have made it an exemplar of success. In practice, Trivandrum’s ‘city visioning’ exercises and the housing projects it has undertaken have fallen short of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission’s lofty goals. The contradictions between empowering cities and retaining centralised control embedded within this national programme, and the unintended city-level consequences of striving for Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission funding success, have reshaped urban governance in ways not envisaged within policy. As a result, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission has been important in rescaling governance relationships through three interlinked dynamics of problem framing, technologies of governance and the scalar strategy of driving reform ‘from above’ that together have ensured the national state’s continued influence over the practices of urban governance in India.

Corona viruses are a large family of viruses, causing less severe common cold to more severe diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The SARS-CoV-21 is a corona virus very similar to the one that caused SARS. There is evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 has also been transmitted from bats. Like other corona viruses, SARS-CoV-2 virus particles are spherical and have mushroom-shaped proteins called spikes protruding from their surface, giving the particles a crown-like appearance. The spike binds and fuses to human cells, allowing the virus to gain entry. Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin and the National Institutes of Health, U.S., have produced a 3D atomic-scale map of the protein of the SARS-CoV-2 that binds to and infects human cells. Mapping the 3D structure of the protein - spike (S) glycoprotein - will allow a better understanding of how the virus binds to the human cells. Knowing the structure of the spike protein will, in turn, allow scientists to develop vaccines and antivirals against the virus and even better diagnostics. The World Health Organisation has declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic4. The symptoms of COVID-19 appear within two to 14 days after exposure and include fever, cough, a runny nose and difficulty in breathing. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the COVID-19 and how this great pandemic has bothered the ordinary life of every citizen, with more focus on the economic imbalance created in India. This study has also attempted to know the students learning experiences and their attitude due to this lockdown period amidst the demanding end of the semester requirements in the year 2020. It also attempts to know their expectations, anxieties, plans and problems encountered by them about COVID-19 by being at home, having in mind their career development.

Disaster Management is recently popular in India amid Covid-19 at present. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has been constituted under the Disaster Management Act 2005, with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman. The Government urged the importance of disaster management strongly and advised all the Academic Staff Colleges to conduct a Refresher Course on disaster management. In this context, it is a need of the hour to analyze the awareness about natural disasters and its management among the teachers and students of higher education. All the world governments are concerned about natural disasters such as Tsunami, Earthquake, Floods, Volcanic eruptions, and strong winds. In 1989, the United Nations General Assembly declared the decade 1990-2000 as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction to reduce the loss of lives and property and restrict socio-economic damage through concerted international actions, especially in developing countries. With the alarming rise in natural disasters and vulnerability, the world community is strengthening its efforts to cope. A questionnaire was administered among the College and School teachers and students, and their answers were analyzed and computed. This study shows that awareness about disaster management should be improved among the teachers and students of higher education. It also reveals that both the students and staff should be given in-service training in general awareness, activities, and administration related to disaster management.

The steel city of Jamshedpur originated in a small company town in the backwaters of eastern India as a new experiment in urbanism in 1907. The article critically examines its evolution to trace the influence of the most significant twentieth century town planning ideas—the garden city and the neighborhood unit—on the industrial township. A reevaluation of the planning reports of 1911, 1920, 1936, and 1944–45 reveals the reworking and adaptation of twentieth century modern urban planning and the limited success it achieved in India. The planning ideals included open green spaces of the garden city as an antidote to industrialization, urban infrastructure adapted to local site conditions, neighborhood units self-sufficient in civic amenities, and street hierarchy as a means of traffic segregation. Regionalization of global planning ideals as well as the tension between planned development and organic growth is evident in the narrative of Jamshedpur evolving from a company town to industrial city to the present day urban agglomeration