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1
Lee, Chang-Woo. "City farming and sustainable urban development : a case study of Seoul, South Korea." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/377.
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The aims of the thesis are to find out the causal mechanism of city farming and to examine the hypothesis that city farming conforms to the conditions of sustainable urban development. As far as methodology is concerned, the thesis employs a realist approach. In the realist methodology, to understand what is as significant as to know why. Therefore, the thesis pays much attention to the conceptualisation of city farming and sustainable urban development. Vacant land in Seoul, the precondition of city farming, occurred basically through the natural process of urban expansion, but most importantly due to the growth-oriented land development policies. City farming is at the moment an opportunistic and illegal use of vacant land under the negligence of planning control. Led by a leading agent, the city farmers on each case site have colonised vacant land through the reality and practice learning. However, city farmers' egoistic action has an unintended consequence of making vacant land an unofficial open space. The thesis also identifies that city farming on the case sites conforms to the elements of sustainable urban development. The elements developed in the thesis are future, nature, participation, equity, and selfreliance. The thesis suggests three criteria for each element with which the hypothesis is examined. The thesis concludes that the modern planning system in South Korea has failed to take into consideration the socio-economic and environmental aspects of city farming. It, therefore, suggests that future planning system promote activities or projects which comply with the principles of sustainable urban development. Although the modern planning system in Seoul has failed to cope with the rapid land use change shown in the case studies, the thesis proposes that the planner's role has become more important than ever before in this age of environmental concerns.
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Baek, Insoo. "A study on the sustainable infrastructure of the Songdo City Project : from the viewpoint of the metabolic flow perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96906.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the 21st century, cities play a vital role in social, economic and environmental changes. They are the largest places of human settlement and it is expected that more than 80 percent of the world’s population will live in cities by 2050 (UNEP, 2012). At the same time, as the role of cities significantly increases, it also contributes to negative outcomes on the planet. In particular, the current cities’ demand for materials and energy consumption accounts for almost 80 percent of the world’s consumption and it leads to serious environmental problems. The main problems are climate change, biodiversity loss, desertification, and ecosystem degradation. In response to these urban issues, sustainable cities have emerged as an alternative way of urban life. Since cities consume a massive amount of energy, an efficient resource management system has to be established for the sustainable urban future. In addition, finding ways to reconcile economic growth, social well-being and the sustainable use of resources is imperative in urban sustainability. Since people’s lifestyle and their material footprint are dependent on the urban design, construction and operation of urban infrastructures, ways to make an urban infrastructural system more sustainable will contribute to the transition towards sustainable cities. In this study, the thesis applies Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to one of the sustainable cities, Songdo, South Korea. Before delving into the analysis, it explores the overview of the New Songdo City (NSC) project and describes its sustainable urban infrastructures. Then it examines the material flow of inputs and outputs of the city in order to reveal their sustainability and suggests a guideline for the realisation of sustainable cities. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are used to assess and compare the material and energy flow trends for this city. The results indicate that the general material consumption in Songdo is higher than the average in South Korea. It reflects the high-income households’ consumption patterns in Songdo. In addition, one could see that the sustainable networks have merely contributed to the overall consumption. The findings from this study can be used to formulate sustainable development policies and strategies in terms of increasing the efficiency of resource and energy use in urban areas. Furthermore, this research is expected to provide a platform for realisation of sustainable cities by highlighting the important role of urban infrastructures and their material resource flow.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die 21ste eeu speel stede 'n belangrike rol in die sosiale, ekonomiese en omgewingskwessies veranderinge. Stede is die grootste vorm van menslike nedersetting en daar word verwag dat meer as 80 persent van die wêreld se bevolking in stede sal woon teen 2050 (UNEP, 2012). Op dieselfde tyd, namate die rol van stede aansienlik verhoog, dra dit ook by tot negatiewe uitkomste op die planeet. Veral huidige stede se vraag na materiaal en energie reken vir byna 80 persent van die wêreld se verbruik, en dit lei tot ernstige omgewingsprobleme. Die grootste probleme is klimaatsverandering, biodiversiteit verlies, verwoestyning en die agteruitgang van ekostelsels. In reaksie op hierdie stedelike kwessies het volhoubare stede na vore gekom as 'n alternatiewe vorm van stadsbewoning. Aangesien stede 'n massiewe hoeveelheid energie gebruik, moet 'n doeltreffende hulpbronbestuur stelsel vasgestel word. Daarbenewens, is dit noodsaaklik om maniere te vind om ekonomiese groei te integreer met sosiale welsyn en die volhoubare gebruik van hulpbronne. Aangesien mense se lewenstyl en hul impak op die omgewing afhanklik is van die stedelike infrastruktuur, sal maniere om hierdie infrastruktuurstelsel meer volhoubaar te maak bydra tot die oorgang na volhoubare stede. In hierde studie word, stedelike materiaalvloeiontleding toegepas op een van die volhoubare stede, Songdo, Suid-Korea. Voor die analise, sal 'n oorsig van die nuwe Songdo stad projek en die stad se volhoubare infrastruktuur gegee word. Dan word die vloei van materiaal in-en uitgange van die stad ondersoek om hul volhoubaarheid te illustreer, en stel dit 'n riglyn voor vir die verwesenliking van volhoubare stede. Kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodologie word gebruik om die materiaal en energie vloei tendense vir hierdie stad te bepaal en vergelyk. Die resultate dui daarop dat die algemene materiaal verbruik in Songdo hoër is as die gemiddelde in Korea. Dit weerspieël die hoë-inkomste huishoudings se verbruikspatrone in Songdo. Daarbenewens kan 'n mens sien dat die volhoubare netwerke slegs bygedra het tot die algehele verbruik. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie kan gebruik word om die volhoubare ontwikkeling van beleid en strategieë te formuleer in terme van die verhoging van die doeltreffendheid van die hulpbron-en energie gebruik in stedelike gebiede. Verder word verwag dat hierdie navorsing 'n platvorm in terme van die realisering van volhoubare stede sal voorsien deur die belangrike rol van stedelike infrastruktuur, en die materiaal hulpbron vloei te beklemtoon.
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Choo, YeunKyung. "Strategies for Urban Cultural Policy: The Case of the Hub City of Asian Culture Gwangju, South Korea." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1420732989.
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Jun, Solarz Seung Gyu. "The role of the government in national economic development planning the effectiveness of the Korean Economic Planning Board /." La Verne, Calif. : University of La Verne, 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28824977.html.
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Shin, Dong-Ho. "Applications of regional planning strategies to South Korean rural development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30003.
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The thesis analyzes South Korean rural development programmes implemented from 1968 to 1986. It examines the respective planning goals, implementation methods, and outcomes of two Korean development programmes: the Rural Non-Farm Employment Programme and Saemaul Undong. The theoretical framework for this analysis is based on a comparison of the Functional Integration Approach (FIA) and the Territorial Development Approach (TDA).
FIA theory has been developed mainly by consultants from the United States Agency for International Development (e.g., Dennis A. Rondinelli). These theorists assume that rural underdevelopment stems from the lack of urban technology and information. Accordingly, they see that transfer of urban technology is the key to rural economic development. The theory prescribes the promotion of rural trade centres and networks bridging urban and rural areas.
TDA theory has been modelled by John Friedmann and his colleagues. It is a bottom-up, people-oriented approach. Advocates of this approach emphasize even distribution of economic power, while those of FIA focuses on economic growth. The TDA theory proposes that planners involve intended beneficiaries in decision-making processes, and help poor people directly. TDA attempts to close the urban/rural linkages selectively, since it is thought that some urban influences are harmful to rural development. TDA has been criticized as unfeasible since in most countries it requires significant reforms of the existing power structure.
The Korean Rural Non-Farm Employment reflects some aspects of FIA theories, and Saemaul Undong some aspects of TDA. The non-farm employment programme has been planned by professional planners in national planning agencies. The planners have attempted to promote manufacturing industries in selected rural
centres. However, the programme has not been successful in creating more rural employment for poor people. A major reason for this appears to be that the programme promotes employment opportunities which are inappropriate to the skills of the rural poor.
Saemaul Undong was initiated by the late president Chung-Hee Park. The programme was implemented by central politicians, local administrators, and rural people. Goals of development were not purely economic. Rather, they included social development and the programme focused on areas regardless of economic potential. It has improved the quality of rural infrastructure, technology, and people's confidence, combinations of which may be a basis for long-term development. It has also improved rural gross income, though the growth has necessitated increased expenses.
From the analysis of the two Korean rural planning programmes, the thesis concludes that TDA, as exemplified by Saemaul Undong, is a promising regional planning strategy. Specifically the thesis concludes that planning for rural development in countries like Korea should include the following TDA approaches: 1) involve beneficiaries in the decision-making process, 2) employ appropriate local inputs and knowledge, 3) facilitate linkages among rural institutions, as well as between rural people and government agencies, and 4) assist innovation from within rural areas.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Kim, Tae-Byung. "Collaborative governance for sustainable development in urban planning in South Korea." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/747/.
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Over the past few decades, world population growth, economic development and rapid urbanisation have caused environmental degradation and have brought about many social problems. The concept of ‘sustainable development’ has emerged as an approach to dealing with these issues. ‘Collaborative governance’ is seen by many scholars as a means of implementing the goals of sustainable development and of integrating diverse interests and perspectives in contemporary society. This thesis examines the relationship between sustainable development and collaborative governance in urban planning in South Korea. There are four main research questions: What are the key elements of collaborative governance in urban planning? How does collaborative governance contribute to sustainable development? What role is played by government in working towards sustainable development in a collaborative governance era? What is needed for enhancing future collaborative governance? The questions are examined through two case studies of urban planning in South Korea: in the Si-hwa case study the emphasis is on the topic of conflict mediation; and in the Buk-Gu case study, it is on the topic of collaborative policy-making. Through a review of the relevant literature and the two case studies, the thesis shows that the characteristics of urban planning in South Korea correspond to the general features of collaborative governance identified in the literature, and that collaborative governance is an effective system for achieving the principles of sustainable development. It concludes that a collaborative governance system will evolve towards sustainable development, compensating for any initial weakness in the process, provided that all stakeholders, particularly residents and government, continue to develop their institutional capacity over time.
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Lim, Sungmin. "Electricity privatization : should South Korea privatize its state-owned electric utility?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67250.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
The state-owned electric utility, Korea Electricity Power Cooperation (KEPCO), privatization has been a key word in South Korea since 1997, when the government received $55 billion from the International Monetary Fund in exchange for a tough economic restructuring that included massive privatization. The Korean government separated KEPCO's six generation subsidiaries from KEPCO in 2001 in the initial process of the privatization. However, the government has not taken any further action since then. While there have been debates about the privatization of KEPCO, the debates were political rather than economic. This thesis will investigate whether or not Korea should continue to privatize KEPCO. First, it will examine how much revenue the government can make by selling its shares of KEPCO. Second, this thesis will study how much investment a privatized electricity industry will attract after privatization. Third, it will identify whether the electricity price will go down if the government privatizes KEPCO. Fourth, it will assess how the relationship between the government and the industry will change after privatization. Finally, it will identify how much does the government and people have to pay for the transition, which is caused by the change from a monopoly to a competitive market. By comparing the advantages and the disadvantages, this thesis will decide whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. This thesis will discuss only economic aspects; it will not examine the political, social and cultural aspects which are difficult to measure objectively.
by Sungmin Lim.
S.M.
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Kim, Soo-Bong. "A new perspective on urban green space planning policy : the case of Taegu City, Korea." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244430.
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Choi, Hee Sun. "Place-identity in 21st century contemporary new town development in South Korea : using the case of the proposed multifunctional administrative city in South Korea." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543798.
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Lee, Heesang. "Multimedia and the Hybrid City : geographies of techno cultural spaces in South Korea." Thesis, Durham University, 2005. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2727/.
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The purpose of this research is to explore how multimedia technologies such as the Internet, satellite TV, cable TV and mobile phones, combined with people's everyday practices, produce the hybrid city where the boundaries between binary territories are blurred; and to offer implications for understanding our everyday lives and cities. Here, multimedia technologies are crucial triggers by which the boundaries between binary categories such as time/space, actual/virtual, human/machine and so on are blurred. And, cities, where urban locales are connected to electronic networks and human bodies are wired to electronic machines, are locations where such boundary-blurring processes occur intensively. I call such a city the 'hybrid city' where we can observe various geographies of technocultural spaces formed by multimedia technologies. In this epistemological context, I investigate cities in South Korea, a country that is one of the most 'wired' to electronic networks in the world. My argument is that the hybrid city, composed of global-local networks, actual- virtual circuits, centripetal-centrifugal vectors and human-machine hybrids, cannot be explained as a singular and consistent space, but rather as multiple and complex spaces. This is because the hybrid city itself exists in between different categories or territories. That is, the hybrid city does not exist as A or B, but instead in between A and в which are deterritorialised towards each other through a-parallel evolution or co-evolution, and thus it can be seen as fractal and fluid. In this sense, the hybrid city can be defined as not a 'being', but 'becomings' always in motion through the continuous 'dis/appearances' or 'dis/connections' of heterogeneous networks. In Latour's, Deleuze and Guattari's and Haraway's terms, the hybrid city is not only composed of a number of actor-networks, rhizomes or cyborgs, but also a kind of actor-network, rhizome or cyborg itself. That is, the hybrid city is the 'middle kingdom' in Latour's terms.
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Kleynhans, Hendrik Andries. "The Mabopane-Centurion development corridor : a historical analysis of successes and constraints and proposals for improvement." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12192005-124739.
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Shin, Nah Yoon. "Understanding political pressures To shutdown nuclear power plants in the United States and South Korea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/108952.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-147).
Since the mid-1990s, thirty to forty-year-old nuclear power plants have been reaching their designed lifetimes. Many operating licenses, however, are being extended after regulators review safety considerations and environmental impacts associated with each extension. These regulatory reviews have become quite controversial, not just in the United States. I analyze a number of these in the United States and South Korea countries that are quite different in terms of their regulatory frameworks, electricity markets, safety requirements, and ways in which they engage the public in relicensing decisions. My findings are: 1) regulators, utility managers, nuclear professionals, and policy-makers in any country with aging nuclear plants are likely to face opposition from groups that do not trust the typical risk and safety assessment studies used to justify license renewals; 2) nuclear license renewal decisions are particularly prone to conflict if stakeholders are not involved early enough, and if they perceive that their concerns are repeatedly overlooked (on the grounds that only the results of professional risk modeling are valid); and 3) the credibility of license renewal decisions will hinge on site-specific information and local knowledge, not just generic national studies. Only if there is an earnest effort to engage potentially affected stakeholders, with the assistance of a neutral facilitator, can nuclear plant relicensing facilities be avoided. Stakeholders want an opportunity to focus on issues that are most important to them, particularly site safety, given the uncertainties involved in assessing the risks with continued operation of plants that had a limited design life.
by Nah Yoon Shin.
S.M.
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Frazier, Kevan Delany. "Big dreams, small cities John Nolen, the new South, and the city planning movement in Asheville, Roanoke, and Johnson City, 1907-1937 /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1524.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 246 p. : maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-236).
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Kim, Eunkyoung. "Developing an environmentally sustainable planning framework for South Korea : lessons from local plan-making in England." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-an-environmentally-sustainable-planning-framework-for-south-korea-lessons-from-local-planmaking-in-england(513734b2-5486-409b-9724-7ed918f0b0c0).html.
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Sustainable development has attracted attention from both English and Korean planning systems. Whilst embracing this concept within planning, both countries have attempted to reform their local plan-making systems to flexibly respond to changing circumstances. This similarity of direction towards reformation of the planning sector raises questions for this research. Given that England embarked on promoting sustainability within its plan-making system ahead of Korea and reforming its planning system in the same direction as Korea, there may be a possibility that the current English planning system shows how far Korea can progress in the pursuit of a more environmentally sustainable planning system in the future.With this in mind, the research deals with two domains: understanding the environmental sustainability of the local plan-making systems in the two countries and discussion of the transferability of the lessons extracted from the comparative analysis. The findings reveal that many of the lessons learnt from the English experience could be adaptable in a Korean context under the existing legislation and that an amendment of national directives, in particular, Directive on Urban Planning could expand transferability. For instance, by designing the process of community participation and integration in greater detail in the Directive and suggesting detailed process of strategic environmental assessment as in the English system, there is a greater possibility for the local plan-making system in Korea to support environmental sustainability within planning more substantially. Together with this, findings on transferability anticipate that a potential conflict could exist due to the financial and administrative burden which may be imposed on local planning. Furthermore, the consensual knowledge held by actors involved in the plan-making process could facilitate the transferability of the suggested lessons. However, the current Korean politics which is focused on economic concerns surrounding the reformation of the plan-making process could create potential obstacles in accomplishing the suggested lessons.
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Morgan, Jessica M. "A Diachronic Analysis of North and South Korean Monophthongs: Vowel Shifts on the Korean Peninsula." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5764.
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The linguistic situation on the Korean peninsula is one ripe for research. For the past 70 years the two halves of the peninsula have been isolated from one another, thus creating two very different environments for development and change within the Korean language. It is hypothesized that due to conflict, divide, and social turmoil on the peninsula, the Korean language will have undergone a period of change in the last 70 years. This particular investigation looks at North and South Korean monophthong systems for evidence of a phonological shift. Studies of North Korea's language planning (Yong, 2001; Kumatani, 1990) will be incorporated to provide a background for lexical change in the country, which may also have contributed to phonological change. This study was carried out with the expectation that, due to the turmoil following the Korean War, both standard dialects would display some signs of phonetic shift.In order to track the changes to the monophthong systems over the last 70 years, a total of 7156 samples of the Korean language's eight monophthongs were collected from both North and South Korean films from the 1950s, 1980s, and 2010s. The vowels' F1 and F2 formants were measured using the computer program Praat. The data was then separated by vowel and run through statistical analyses. The results of a mixed methods ANOVA determined which vowels had shown significant variance between decades; the estimated means were then determined for each formant. Based on the statistical analysis, the North Korean vowels /a/, /Λ/, and /u/ have shifted significantly since the 1950s, while the rest of the North Korean monophthong system has not changed significantly. Most of the shifting occurred in the period after the 1980s. In the South, all vowels have shown significant variance for the variable of decade in F1, F2, or both formants. South Korea's results also indicate separate shifts between the 1950s and 1980s, and between the 1980s and 2010s. If the results of this study could be successfully replicated with the languages of other countries thrown into post-WWII turmoil, this study could prove that WWII left a lasting effect on the languages of the world as well. Even if there are not far-reaching implications, the study still demonstrates strong evidence that linguistic change has occurred in both the northern and southern halves of the Korean peninsula since it was split into two separate countries.
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Jeong, Young-Yun. "Leadership and democratisation : the case of Nelson Mandela in South Africa and Kim Dae-Jung in South Korea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16058.
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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the late 1940s, South Africa and South Korea were ruled by authoritarian governments, which oppressed the people’s freedom and rights. The governments created the deeply divided societies that resulted in racism in South Africa and regionalism in South Korea. These similarities may have played a major role in allowing Nelson Mandela and Kim Dae-jung to develop strong emotional bonds with their followers and to articulate their visions for the future. The two leaders, Nelson Mandela and Kim Dae-jung, fought for freedom and human rights against the apartheid government in South Africa and military dictatorial government in South Korea. During these processes of democratisation, the two leaders displayed common transformational and social learning leadership styles and presented their visions of the end of the authoritarian regimes and the establishment of democracy; shared these visions with the people and encouraged and mobilised them in struggling together against authoritarian government. Subsequently, the two leaders’ transformational and social learning leadership styles provide a successful role model to countries in which there are conflicts between the constituents of the society, as in East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Middle East; a desire for transformation towards democracy by the people, and where countries are confronted with new challenges.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Beide Suid-Afrika en Suid-Korea was sedert die laat 1940’s onder die bewind van outoritêre regerings met gepaardgaande onderdrukking van die mense se vryhede en regte. Dié regerings het diep-verdeelde gemeenskappe daar gestel wat in Suid-Afrika op rassisme en in Suid-Korea op regionalisme uitgeloop het. Hierdie ooreenkomste mag grootliks daartoe bygedra het dat beide Nelosn Mandela en Kim Dae-jung sterk emosionele verbintenisse met hul volgelinge kon ontwikkel en hul toekomsvisies kon artikuleer. Die twee leiers, Nelson Mandela en Kim Dae-jung, het onderskeidelik teen die apartheidsregering in Suid-Afrika en die militêre diktatuur in Suid-Korea geveg vir vryheid en menseregte. Gedurende hierdie demokratiseringsprosesse het die twee leiers gemeenskaplike transformasie en sosiale leer leierskapstyle openbaar, hulle visies oor die beëindiging van outoritêre regimes en die vestiging van demokrasie bekend gemaak en die mense aangemoedig tot en gemobiliseer vir strydvoering teen die outoritêre regerings. Gevolglik verskaf hierdie twee leiers se transformasie en sosiale leer leierskapstyle ‘n geslaagde rolmodel vir alle lande waar daar konflik binne gemeenskappe bestaan, soos in Oos-Asië, Suid-Sahara Afrika asook die Midde-Ooste; lande waar die mense smag na transformasie tot demokrasie en lande wat hulleself met nuwe uitdagings gekonfronteer vind.
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Hutchings, A. W. J. "The development of comprehensive town planning in South Australia, 1915-1930--its successes and failures /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PLM/09plmh973.pdf.
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Kim, Dong-Young Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The politics of consensus-building : case study of diesel vehicles and urban air pollution in South Korea." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37876.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 370-379).
Look at the three efforts to resolve public disputes over diesel passenger cars and urban air quality management in South Korea. this dissertation explores the main obstacles in nascent democracies to meeting the necessary conditions for successful dispute resolution prescribed by Western scholars of consensus-building theory and practice. The first two cases did not resolve the disputes. even though they produced a consensus agreement through deliberation. The agreements were challenged and adjusted through regulatory processes. This type of unstable consensus building is regarded as one of pathologies of consensus building efforts in analytic decision-making. This paper analyzes why this problem happened. with the new analytic framework. which incorporates Kingdon's multiple stream framework and the theory of consensus building. This paper found that the final dispute resolution was made in conventional politics stream by adversarial power game in politics rather than in consensus building stream. Most cases did not have necessary factors for successful consensus building effort. Most of all, the first two consensus building efforts were strategically initiated by policy entrepreneurs who were not neutral in managing many other necessary factors of successful consensus building.
(cont.) As a result, the efforts of dispute resolution were actually the processes of conflict expansion rather than the authentic consensus building efforts. Non-neutral deployment of consensus building efforts was manifested in idiosyncratic features of policy process and politics in South Korea. Policy entrepreneurs strategic motives were a reaction to the unbalanced representation of weak environmental rationales in the existing policy making process of multi-level policymaking venues. Thus. main obstacles to successful consensus building in nascent democracies exist in institutional levels, which play against the neutral initiation of consensus building efforts. One way to secure the neutrality is to develop a new type of entrepreneurs. so-called 'consensus-building entrepreneurs.
by Dong-Young Kim.
Ph.D.
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Hine, Maggie. "Development plans : their role in promoting sustainable development in metropolitan Adelaide." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envh662.pdf.
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Matina, Annemarie. "HIV/AIDS in South Africa : responsible and proactive urban development planning." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11551.
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Bibliography: leaves 95-97.Though there has been a rapidly growing body of texts that is concerned with understanding the consequences of HIV/AIDS on urban development planning (Harber, 2001; Tomlinson, 2001; Van Donk, 2003), the translation of this knowledge into tangible improvements of people's lives has not happened yet, due to a nonexistent or very slow policy response and poor implementation. Besides political obstacles, this lack of response is equally caused by the absence of clearly defined targeted intervention strategies based on a comprehensive, realistic and holistic analysis of the situation. So far HIV/ AIDS has been understood and responded to as mainly a medical problem. This dissertation pulls together the diverse dynamics and impacts of HIV/AIDS on urban development and poverty in South Africa and uses this information to develop context sensitive intervention models and implementation strategies.
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Kwak, Heui-Jeong. "A turning point in Korea's urban modernization the case of the Sewoon Sangga development /." online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3069073.
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Lee, Hwa Jong. "Archaeological resource management in South Korea : developing a holistic management planning model for buried archaeological sites." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046267/.
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As the standard of living rose in South Korea a wider range of people became interested in archaeological heritage and its management. Specifically, since the 1990s, rescue archaeology became an issue of wider social concern: there was a paradigm shift from simply the protection of archaeological sites, under pressure from development, to the use of sites as a social resource. This transformation presented a number of challenges regarding unexcavated archaeological sites in the planning process, decision-making on preservation in-situ (as opposed to ‘preservation by record’), and the nature of display or reburial. This research aimed to develop a management planning model to face these challenges. The research focused on archaeological sites, partly because of their ability to engage social issues in contemporary South Korea, and partly because of the complexity of managing the resource, due to the ‘invisibility’ of unexcavated archaeology and the often fragile nature of the remains. In order to build this model, the research explored international theories and approaches, and set these within the context of South Korean Archaeological Resource Management, to produce an intellectual framework. The research explores four broad topics – who, why, what, and how – through complex issues such as identity, ownership, participation, assessment, conservation/protection, interpretation and presentation. The model involves principles for management (including participatory planning, transparent assessment of values, and defined management strategies). This leads to a road map for planning: Stage 1 (Identifying) explores activities such as team building, documentation and vision, under the principle of participatory planning; Stage 2 (Assessment) approaches the assessment of values and significance, and the role of decision-making and governance, using principles of transparency; Stage 3 (Responding) develops approaches to creating management strategies, specific to time and spatial scales; and Stage 4 (Reviewing and Revision) investigates the processes of monitoring and review, within a flexible framework.
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Lee, Taehee. "Issues of planning justice within two large scale urban (re)development projects in Seoul, South Korea." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8632/.
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The central aim of this research is to evaluate the justness of the Cheong-gye-choen Restoration Project (CRP) and the Dongnam Distribution Complex Project (DDCP) with a primary focus on issues for merchants affected by the projects, and to use this as a lens to explore the possibilities of establishing a more just planning process in Korean society. Two main research question that try to answer throughout this thesis are: How can we evaluate the processes and the outcomes of the CRP and the DDCP from a justice perspective?; In the light of the theoretical review and empirical case study, if planning should pursue the public interest (or the common good) and often unavoidably harm minority interests, how can planning be more just in relation to the interests of the latter? Cheong-gye-cheon (CGC) is a 5.8km length river running through Seoul city centre, which was covered up in the 1960s and 70s. Restoration of this historical river was acknowledged as being a public good for the general population. However, this restoration project would impact on one of the largest conventional markets in Korea and the restoration meant significant losses for many merchants without compensation. Severe conflicts occurred, and as a result of negotiations, it was agreed that a relocated market on a new site would be provided for the merchants with special privileges as de facto compensation. This was why the DDCP began. Yet, despite the ostensibly ‘democratic’ processes of both projects, the outcome of the DDCP turned out to be a failure. A large number of merchants could not or did not move into the new relocated market when it was completed, and most CGC merchants experienced significant losses. The failure of the DDCP also left considerable debts for the tax payers. These two projects are still highly controversial, especially in terms of the justness of their processes and outcomes, and thus requires further investigations. In order to do so, review of theories of justice and justice in planning presented, with the work of Michael Sandel and Heather Campbell being particularly influential. Throughout the review, it is argued that justice is inescapably judgemental and can only be reasoned through a politics of the common good. Yet, due to the dark sides of the concepts of community and common good, this thesis proposes that both concepts are need further conceptualisation and judgements should be guided by universal values. Influenced by Campbell, this thesis argues that justice in planning is about situated ethical judgement through a politics of the common good guided by universal values. Subsequently, the applicability of the concept of justice in planning in planning practices is explored. Based on this conceptual framework of justice in planning, the processes and outcomes of the two consecutive projects are scrutinised, focusing specifically on why affected merchants did not or could not move into the new relocated market in the end. The investigation shows that although the processes of both projects appeared on one level to be seemingly democratic, they were not in reality. As a result, there were misrecognitions about merchants’ economic circumstances and forms of exclusion, misinformation, and poor or non-decision decision makings. It is also shown that even though the agreements made between parties during the projects were perceived as being satisfactory at the time they were made, the fundamental reasons for the failure of the DDCP actually stemmed from these agreements; influenced by the institutional and political contexts of Korea. By examining situations and judgements in the processes of the projects, possibilities for better and more just planning practices are explored.
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Savage, Jonathan Ralph. "Port Alfred : integrated development and environmental management strategy." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1452.
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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Town and Regional Planning- Environmental Management))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1990This report proposes a strategy for the development Port Alfred situated on the south east coast of the Province, South Africa. of cape The proposed development strategy takes cognisance of the importance of integrating development harmoniously with the environment. The study is not related to any particular development proposal but is rather a guide to future development and the identification of potential environmental hazards. Moreover, it could serve as a set of guidelines for land use planning and management at the urban scale anywhere in South Africa. The evaluation methods used are adapted from widely acceptable analysis techniques and include a combination of both the matrix and the overlay or "sieve" method which graphically analyses physical attributes. The study eminates from the Port Alfred Municipality's concern that demand for development could destroy the town's environmental quality and historical character which are seen as major tourist attractions. The report is divided into two sections, the first being to acquaint the reader with the area, it's constraints and potential. section 1 critically evaluates the existing physical, socio-economic and cultural environments of the town. The second part of the report (Section 2), combines the analysis of the physical and socio-economic environments into an Urban structure Plan and management proposals which provide a basis for the spatial management and control of future land use development proposals. The management proposals are based on the Integrated Environmental Management procedure advocated by the council for the Environment which is adapted to suit local conditions and includes the use of a three stage "proposal call" system which is seen to ensure an equitable balance between the demand for development, public participation and conservation of the town's biotic and abiotic environments. The "proposal call" system has been successfully employed in the United states of America for some years and was adopted by the cape Town city council in 1985 for disposing of council-owned land in a manner most acceptable to itself and the community. By combining both the principle of Integrated Environmental Management and the "proposal call" system Port Alfred should be assured of a future planning strategy which will both enhance development and promote environmental conservation thereby assuring the maintenance of environmental quality.
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Koopman, Claudia. "Metropolitan management and planning in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51827.
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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of and the need for metropolitan planning and government structures in the development of cities have become evident over the last century. Internationally, the approach to metro governance has evolved from informal metro management structures into, for example the more formalised two-tier or single tier systems of London and Toronto. The recent changes in these systems indicate that there is not one system that is universally accepted as the best. South Africa has not escaped the metropolitan development process and the resulting problems that went hand in hand with this. The first form of metropolitan planning in South Africa occurred in 1940, with the inception of the Joint Planning Committees. Later, in 1986 the institution of Regional Services Councils served as the first form of metropolitan governance. In 1995 the first democratic Local Government elections hailed the entry into democratic metropolitan government structures. With the proclamation of six new metropolitan areas South African metropolitan governments adopted the two-tier metropolitan system. Since 1995 South African local government structures have undergone major transformations. Proponents of the current two-tier system failed to anticipate the pressures of Central Government for change to the one tier, megacity or unicity model. Critics of the government's plans argued strongly for the retention of the current two-tier model and for minimal organisational change. The disruption that yet another transformation will cause, is one of the main objections. In the Cape Town and Durban Metropolitan Areas the consensus seems to be that the present two-tier system is working well and that it should be retained. In the case of Johannesburg Metropolitan Area many problems were encountered, especially the inability to redistribute local government income. The consensus there is that a unicity model will work better. Whether the unicity model is the answer to urban sustainability for all metropolitan areas of South Africa, is still a disputed fact.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangrikheid van en die behoefte aan metropolitaanse beplannings- en regeringstrukture in die ontwikkeling van stede het oor die afgelope eeu baie ooglopend geword. Die benaderings tot metropolitaanse bestuur in internasionale kringe het beweeg van die meer informele metropolitaanse bestuurstrukture na die meer formele een- of tweevlak stelsels van byvoorbeeld Londen Of Toronto. Die onlangse veranderinge in hierdie stelsels is 'n bewys dat daar nie een stelsel beataan wat universeel as die beste aanvaar word nie. Suid Afrika het nie die proses van metropolitaanse ontwikkeling en die gepaardgaande probleme daarvan vrygespring nie. Die eerste vorm van metropolitaanse beplanning in Suid Afrika was die instelling van die Gesamentlike Beplanningskomitees in 1940. Later in 1986 met die totstandkoming van streekdiensterade was daar vir die eerste keer sprake van 'n vorm van metropolitaanse regering. Met die eerste demokratiese verkiesing van plaaslike regeringsisteme in 1995 is ses tweevlak metropolitaanse egerings in suid Afrika ingestel. Sedert 1995 het plaaslike owerhede in Suid Afrika grootskaalse veranderinge ondergaan. Voorstanders van die huidige tweevlak stelsel het nie daarin geslaag om die druk van Nasionale Regering om te verander na 'n eenvlak, unistad of megastad sisteem, af te weer nie. Kritici van die regering se planne het hewige argumente aangebied vir die behoud van die huidige sisteem asook vir minimale organisatoriese veranderinge. Die hoof beswaar was die grootskaalse ontwrigting wat nog 'n transformasie proses sou meebring. In die Kaapse en Durbanse Metropolitaanse Gebiede is daar konsensus oor die werkbaarheid van die tweevlak stelsel en ook dat dit behoue moet bly. Johannesburg Metropolitaanse Area daarenteen het etlike probleme ondervind, veral met die verdeling van munisipale inkomste. Daar is konsensus dat' n unistad model waarskynlik beter sal werk. Of die unistad model die antwoord is op stedelike volhoubaarheid in alle metropolitaanse gebiede in Suid Afrika, is steeds 'n debatteerbare punt.
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Fant, Mary P. "Environment, people and planning in Mount Barker, South Australia : problems of the urban fringe /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envf216.pdf.
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Van, der Merwe Nicolaas Pieter. "Residential urban renewal in a South African context." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52433.
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Thesis (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: All cities experience urban deterioration in some form or other. This deterioration is caused by many, diverse factors. The deterioration leads to a loss of investment in the city and a downward cycle where the causes and consequences of urban deterioration can strengthen each other. South Africa's fast population growth cause several problems for the country. One of these problems is suburban expansion, which creates urban sprawl; with its associated problem of ineffective land utilisation. Urban renewal can be applied to address urban deterioration and utilise Brownfield sites, which are derelict or underused sites; instead of Greenfield sites, which are sites that have not been previously developed. It has been found that South African policy still benefit the development of Greenfield sites. Urban renewal can be used as a tool to address South Africa's unequal development and opportunities among the different races by improving the people's living conditions. Development starts with human development. This study gives a historical and theoretical overview of the urban renewal field of study. After the review of various authors and four case studies in Cape Town and Johannesburg, it can be concluded that the urban renewal process can be approached through various methods and should be included in any city's spatial development framework. The potential roles local government can play were identified as being to implement a communitybased redevelopment approach, designing area-specific strategies where redevelopment is feasible and making grants and tax incentives available. Local governments could also be involved in public-private partnerships. The role of the planner within the renewal process has also increased to that of assessing the need and justification for urban renewal; initiating the projects; negotiating between various role players; implementing the projects; and monitoring the success thereof. Special focus was given to gentrification in Cape Town and it was found that displacement of the original residents does indeed occur. The question within a free market economy is whether the authority should interfere in this process or not, especially with regard to historic and culturally sensitive areas such as Bo-Kaap. This could possibly be motivated as being in the "public interest" in the above case Recommendations were that a community-based redevelopment approach should be followed; physical and social rehabilitation should be integrated; demolition and displacement must be avoided; and resources must be allocatd to neighbourhoods rather than individuals. Projects must also be an intense, short termed action, using local institutions for implementation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Enige stad ondervind stedelike verval in een of ander vorm. Hierdie agteruitgang word veroorsaak deur verskeie, uiteenlopende faktore. Stedelike verval lei tot 'n verlies aan investering in die stad en word gevolg deur 'n afwaartse siklus waar die oorsake en gevolge van stedelike verval mekaar versterk. Suid Afrika se snelle bevolkingsgroei veroorsaak verskeie probleme. Een van dié probleme is voorstedelike uitbreiding wat stadskruip veroorsaak; met die geassosieerde probleem van oneffektiewe benutting van grond. Stedelike hernuwing kan aangewend word om stedelike verval aan te spreek, en die benutting van "Brownfield" terreine, wat vervalle, onderbenutte areas is; instede van "Greenfield" terreine, wat voorheen onontwikkelde terreine is, aan te moedig. Dit is gevind dat Suid Afrikaanse beleid steeds die ontwikkeling van "Greenfield" terreine aanmoedig. Stedelike hernuwing kan ook gebruik word as 'n instrument om Suid Afrika se ongelyke ontwikkeling en geleenthede, tussen die verskille rasse, aan te spreek deur die mense se lewens omstandighede te verbeter. Ontwikkeling begin by die huis. Hierdie studie gee 'n historiese en teoretiese oorsig van die stedelike hernuwing studiegebied, met die klem op residensiële hernuwing. Nadat die literatuur van verskeie skrywers, voorbeelde en gevallestudies in Kaapstad en Johannesburg ondersoek is, kan die gevolgtrekking gemaak word dat die stedelike hernuwingsproses aangepak kan word deur verskeie metodes. Stedelike hernuwing behoort ook by elke dorp se ruimtelike ontwikkelingsraamwerk ingesluit te wees. Die potensiële rolle van plaaslike owerhede is gevind om te wees: die implementering van 'n gemeenskap-gebaseerde herontwikkelings benadering; die ontwerp van area-spesifieke strategieë waar herontwikkeling uitvoerbaar is; en die beskikbaarstelling van toegewing en belasting aansporings. Plaaslike regerings kan ook betrokke wees in publieke-private vennootskappe. Die rol van die beplanner binne die hernuwingsproses het ook vergroot tot die bepaling van die behoefte en regverdiging van stedelike hernuwing; inisiëring van projekte; onderhandelings tussen die verskillende rolspelers; implementering van die projekte; en die monitering van die projek se sukses. Daar is spesiale aandag gegee aan die gentrifikasie ("gentrification") proses in Kaapstad waar daar gevind is dat die oorspronklike inwoners wel verplaas word in die proses. Die vraag binne 'n vrye mark ekonomie is of owerhede moet inmeng in die proses of nie, veral met betrekking tot historiese en kultureel sensitiewe areas soos Bo-Kaap. Dit kon moontlik gemotiveer wees as om in die "openbare belang" te wees in bogenoemde geval. Voorstelle wat gemaak was, is dat 'n gemeenskaps-gebaseerde herontwikkelings benadering gevolg moet word; fisiese en sosiale rehabilitasie moet geintegreer word; sloping en verplasing moet vermy word; en hulpbronne moet toegeken word aan woonbuurtes eerder as individue. Projekte moet ook 'n intens, kort termyn aksie wees en plaaslike institusies vir die implementering gebruik.
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Ntakana, Khululekani. "Urban resilience determinants with specific reference to the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, East London." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19495.
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The year 1994 marked the dawn of the new democratic South Africa, bringing its own set of challenges to the country. Currently urban areas cover only one and a half percent of South Africa’s surface area. However, sixty one percent of South Africans live in urban areas. Furthermore, the average growth rate for urban areas has been consistently higher than the population growth rate during the period from 1998 to 2008. This resulted in larger towns and cities, growing at the expense of rural areas, with metropolitan areas experiencing the highest influx, followed by secondary cities. However, urban areas consume more water, food, energy, and durable goods, and have an impact far beyond the urban boundaries. This directly relates to urban decline. The rapid influx of people into urban areas that are already overcrowded with large service delivery backlogs, has led to the formation of informal settlements in exposed locations. Many of the informal dwellings in South Africa are subjected to environmental factors. The absence of basic services in overcrowded areas is linked to negative health outcomes and enhanced environmental degradation. This study is a critical review of a phenomenon named urban resilience. The report seeks to highlight the current status in cities and the transformation that cities need to undergo to enable them to become the cities of tomorrow. Indeed, “sustainable future cities and human settlements begin today”. The paper raises arguments on urban resilience by different theorists, philosophers, academics and scholars. The study proceeds to unpack the urban resilience determinants. Furthermore, the challenges cites will experience in responding to rapid urbanisation and their denial attitude to informal settlement and environmental degradation, which include how cities respond to climate change, are under investigation . The purpose of the study is to share the theoretical framework relative to the urban resilience determinants, with the intention to solicit criticism on gaps and blind spots. This is done with specific reference to Buffalo City Municipality. This study aims to contribute to the goals of municipalities by improving understanding of the drivers of urban resilience. This will, in turn, enable a city system to withstand and recover quickly from multiple and diverse shocks and stresses, and improve its performance over time. However, this study was conducted within a qualitative paradigm. The study followed a non-probability sampling technique. Categories of data sources were identified based on their probability to hold information that is crucial to the study. For each category, this study followed a 50 + 1 rule for sampling size when the population of the data sources were identified and access gained. he statistical software (SPSS) supported by a qualified statistician was used to analyse data qualitatively in attempt to answer the research question.
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Joo, Yu Min. "The City as a national growth machine : city-building and the role of urban development in South Korea's political and economic transitions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68443.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-214).
This dissertation bridges the fields of international development and urban studies to examine South Korea's city building and urban development processes, arguing that the interaction between urban and industrial policies has both followed and produced the country's astonishing macroeconomic development successes. The study starts by raising the question of how a Third- World city, Seoul, which served as a minor metropolis in a primarily rural country as late as 1970, rapidly became a modern megalopolis and global front-runner in terms of ambitious and pioneering urban investments. Although South Korea's successful industrialization could be a short answer to this question, the capital city's predominant growth becomes rather puzzling when considering that South Korea, in contrast to the Latin American cases, initially developed its major industrialization and spatial development policies to support regional development and decentralization instead of promoting urban concentration in the capital city. To explain this puzzle, I examine South Korea's key spatial development policies and city building projects over the course of its economic development trajectories, from the 1960s to the 2000s. In the process of re-examining South Korea's modern economic development history with an emphasis on space, I found that the South Korean state worked actively to develop synergies between spatial and economic development, thus fortifying its role as both an industrial and urban developmental state. At consecutive stages since the late 1960s, the South Korean state deployed a disciplinary, forward-looking, set of policies targeted toward creating synergy between urban investments and macroeconomic priorities, even as it worked hard to accommodate citizen concerns about consumption, property rights, and democratization. With an eye to both political stability and economic growth, the South Korean state ended up crafting a set of spatial policies that ended up produced novel inter- and intra-urban development patterns that stood in contrast to those pursued in many other countries of the global South. Seoul's developmental gains, both urban and macroeconomic, are thus explained as an outcome of a strong state's commitment to connecting spatial and economic priorities, and to its capacity to guide these synergies over time and across various territorial scales.
by Yu Min Joo.
Ph.D.
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Wasserman, P. C. "The Free[way] City: An exploration of Inner City Renewal through the removal of Settlers Way Freeway in Port Elizabeth, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13071.
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Includes bibliographical references.The inner city of Port Elizabeth has faced a series of problems since the 1960s. These include forced removals, relocation of critical functions and the implementation of obdurate infrastructure. One of the most destructive of these forces was the construction of the Settlers Way Freeway in 1963. This freeway cuts through the inner city and had many buildings and neighbourhoods demolished for it to be realised. Since then it has caused more harm than good by only serving a select few while degrading inner city public space for others. This project investigates the possibility of the demolition of the Settlers Way freeway as it is essential for the appropriate future growth of Port Elizabeth's City centre. This will also have a large positive impact on the metro area in terms of spatial and economic benefit. The city centre is centrally located in the region and has a major spatial advantage in terms of trade and commerce. This alone should be enough reason for concern when it comes to social and economic reasons. An argument is formulated for the removal of the Settlers Way freeway and suggests a viable and realistic alternative in its place. This is done through a lens of economic rejuvenation of the inner city by using the freeway removal as a catalytic device for future development by unlocking land that is currently underutilised. This initiative is now more urgent than ever as continued urban sprawl is occurring on the peripheries of the city in the form of shopping malls drawing much needed economic investment further away from the city centre.
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Yi, Joon Young. "Governance modes and policy instruments : an analysis of social enterprise policy in Seoul Metropolitan Special City, South Korea." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707729.
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Lee, Jea-Sun. "Enhancing sustainability in downtown by triple-value adding to urban redevelopment efforts : a case study of Seoul, Korea /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10820.
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Das, D. K., E. Burger, and S. Eromobor. "Indicative planning perspectives for development of Bloemfontein as a smart city in South Africa." Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 11, Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/324.
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Published ArticleIn this paper an evaluation of smart socioeconomic, physical and environmental characteristics of Bloemfontein city of South Africa was done to understand the current scenario of the city and evolve perspective indicative planning guidelines for transforming the city into a smart city. The evaluation was done based on 74 smart indicators, and 30 factors under six characteristics, such as, smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living. For this purpose, survey research methodology with analysis of primary and secondary data and review of the current Integrated Development Plan of the city was followed. The investigation of the various indicators revealed that although the city is lagging behind in most of the characteristics, yet provides ample opportunity to develop it as a smart city, if smart city concept and smart growth principles are employed in city development process.
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Shabalala, Sibonelesihle. "Constraints to secure livelihoods in the informal sector: the case of informal enterprises in Delft South, Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13331.
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Includes bibliographical references.Most people who work in developing cities, work in the informal sector. In South Africa's townships, many poor households rely on home-based informal economic activities as their primary source of livelihood. However, these livelihoods often face multiple constraints, and thus remain precarious. The main research question is: What are the key constraints to securer informal livelihoods in Delft South? The research employs the case study method to address this question. This dissertation engages with the lived realities of informal business operators in Delft South, Cape Town. Enterprise census data was analyzed and in-depth interviews with a selection of enterprise owners conducted. This provides a unique insight into the nature of the informal economy in Delft South and the way in which planning shapes current livelihoods. This case is located in previous research on home based work both in South Africa and internationally. This is with a view to informing more appropriate planning responses. The findings indicate the high degree of saturation in Delft South's informal sector. As such, business competition is rife, and livelihoods are compromised. Also evident is that the informal operators of Delft South ply their trades in a regulatory environment oscillating between extremes of neglect and oppression. The permission granted to spaza shop and hair care enterprise operators to conduct their businesses is accompanied by little else in the way of support for business growth. Alternatively, the livelihoods of shebeen owners are under threat, as these enterprises are prohibited from operating in all residential areas of the settlement; and are instead forced to relocate to the high street. This is compounded by the closure to which they are subjected, owing to their exclusion from the framework of the Western Cape Liquor Act. Crime also emerges as a significant impediment to business growth, and its effects are experienced by most of the operators in Delft South. Notably, it distinguishes the working climate of the area's informal sector from those of many other developing contexts. Under the guidance of the enterprise operators, key state interventions are recommended in response. The study concludes by proposing an area-based management approach in which collective action among operators is promoted.
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Mielke, Jennifer J. "Civic engagement : a fundamental principle of planning." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217394.
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Civic engagement is a critical function of a democratic society. Citizens have a civic duty to participate in processes- simple and complex- that contribute to a healthy and successful quality of life. Planning provides the necessary structure for citizens to prioritize the issues that need to be addressed by government. Without planning, policies and programs cannot be created and implemented that enhance the quality of life of citizens. The Neighborhood Partnership Center Program and the Neighborhood Resources and Technical Services Corporation were created by the City of South Bend, Indiana as opportunities for residents to affect change in neighborhoods. This study examined the theory and practice of civic engagement and planning, and then applied them to the NPC Program and NRTSC in the Rum Village Neighborhood in South Bend, Indiana to determine if they were models for fostering civic engagement. The selected criteria were inconclusive in proving the NPC Program and NRTSC fostered the degree of civic engagement activity that the City of South Bend intended the programs to produce.Department of Urban Planning
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Chakrabarty, Antarin. "Communicative Planning and Democratic Decentralisation in India- Case of Kolkata City." Doctoral thesis, Trondheim : Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Department of Urban Design and Planning, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:37375/FULLTEXT01.
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Kleynhans, Ilse. "A critical appraisal of regional geotechnical mapping in South Africa." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08122005-111838.
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Okokoh, A. B. C. "Transforming higher education delivery in South Africa, lessons and experiences of CIDA City Campus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3398.
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Thesis (MPhil (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.Some aspects of South African higher education transformation have been bleak, indicating that the trajectory of innovative teaching and affordability requires attention for the foreseeable future. At CIDA we have seen a different picture of this, in other institutions there may be other milestones yet to reveal other gains of transformation. Briefly, this paper tells the CIDA transformation story; other institutions of higher learning in South Africa can learn from its approach and share in the remarkable sense of determination and commitment demonstrated by CIDA. The purpose of this work is to reflect on CIDA’s pattern breaking that can aid better student equity transformation in the South African higher education system. A limitation of the study is that we examine only one factor at a time and it may not adequately account for what happens when all the factors interact at the same time. It emerged from the discussion that CIDA innovative teaching involves awareness of students’ educational needs, views and emphasis on the physical experience of emotions and reasoning. Students are encouraged to be self-confident and feel good about themselves and others through participation and opportunities for spirituality and diversity.
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Hanly, David. "An investigation into the application of the Aerotropolis strategy to the Cape Town International Airport from a Global South Urban Planning perspective." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17423.
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Includes bibliographical referencesThe Aerotropolis is one of many airport led urban development concepts that challenge the way city's have traditionally been planned and managed. In the developed world, airports have evolved from military bases to decentralised and privatised Airport Cities and regionally linked Aerotropoli. On the other hand, although Africa has 12% of the global population and represents 1% of global airfreight and passenger volumes, these figures are expected to increase over time. As South Africa is considered the gateway into Africa, the national led Oliver Reginald Tambo International Airport in Gauteng and the King Shaka International Airport in Ethekweni Durban have recently pursued regional airport approaches. There is substantial scope to apply airport-urban theories to the Cape Town International Airport, which is situated 20km from a sea port, sees the second highest passenger count in South Africa and is set for 11.5 billion Rand in upgrades in the next 5 years. However, the decision to pursue a regional airport approach for the CTIA must be orientated towards the South African context of post-apartheid restructuring and social transformation. This is because the question simultaneously raised is how to stimulate development in the historically segregated South East Metro, with the economic potential of the decentralised and adjacently located CTIA being largely overlooked. The dissertation provides a twenty (20) year regional Spatial Development Framework for the CTIA. Interviews are held with 10 key actors in fields related to airport, urban and business related planning. The literature and findings of the dissertation reveal that firstly, the AeroScape and Airea are more appropriate for conceptualising the retrofitting of an existing airport while the Aerotropolis is best suited as a business model and not a physical form. Secondly, the aviation linked sectors in Cape Town are connected to the City’s unexploited comparative advantages in labour absorptive industries such as agri-processing, manufacturing and textiles which can be brought to the doorstep of the CTIA and South East Metro. Lastly, the functionality of these industries provides further opportunity to develop a sustainable closed loop metabolism between the CTIA, Phillipi East Industrial Node and Philippi Horticultural Area.
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Cocoris, Constance. "Marking the skyline and viewing the city : a new building for Birmingham's Five Points South." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23908.
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Cronje, Stanford Ebraim. "A strategic management model for the provision of housing by the City of Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1688.
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Thesis (DTech (Public Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-219).Few issues in the public domain have attracted so much attention than the provision of housing to the poor. The provision of housing to the poor has always been a contentious issue, and has acquired special significance in the current political environment. This study describes, analyses and assesses attempts by central, provincial and local spheres of government to honour the constitutional provision of the right to have access to adequate housing. The study consists of an extensive review of the literature that comprises books, legislation and journal articles accessed from the Internet. In the process, a study is made of management theory, public management theory, and legislation pertaining to housing, as well as strategic management. On the basis of this study, an input/output transformational systems model is presented of how the Housing Department of the City of Cape Town can guide its management staff in achieving their strategic objectives. The model is a normative one intent on assisting managers to attain understanding of set objectives effectively and efficiently. The assumptions underlying the model emphasise that the model strives to improve performance. Data were collected by means of a mixed approach of a questionnaire and semistructured interviews amongst management staff in the Housing Department. The analysis of the data collected by the questionnaire was done using SPSS, with the assistance of a registered statistician. The study researched various aspects of legislative arrangements that can be utilised with a view to improving the housing delivery function. One critical aspect in the provision of housing that enjoyed attention during the semi-structured interviews is the transfer of funding for housing from the central sphere of government directly to the municipality without the provincial government acting as an intermediate. The study concludes by advising on the feasibility of conducting further research on the increasing involvement of the City of Cape Town in eviction actions brought to Court by private individuals.
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Isaacs, Deyana Nicolene. "Evaluating local economic development in the City of Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2020.
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Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Great pressure is placed on national government to initiate a way of achieving greater economic growth as well as alleviating poverty. A mandate has therefore been given to local government to play a fundamental role in achieving this. Local Economic Development (LED), a relatively new approach to development, is currently seen as a prominent strategy to tackle the problem of unemployment and poverty in South Africa and provide a bottom-up approach to economic development. It forms part of the economic and social development mandate given by national government to local authorities. However, although policies are in place, LED strategies have produced very few success stories for various reasons, such as the lack of capacity within municipalities as well as resource constraints. It is also alleged that LED is incorrectly interpreted and therefore also incorrectly implemented. Because of the presumed effects of LED in terms of economic growth and social upliftment, pressure is placed on municipalities to get appropriate strategies into place as soon as possible. A literature review is presented which covers the theory of LED by looking at the global perspectives of the concept and nature of LED, the history and concept of LED, the different LED approaches and strategies, and key actors within LED. LED is then evaluated within the context of development in order to establish a link between LED and poverty alleviation. LED is also evaluated within the South African context, specifically with regards to the policy context, the historical approach and the challenges to LED implementation in South Africa. An investigation into the background of the City of Cape Town served as the point of departure to evaluate LED implementation. The issue of regional planning for LED integration between urban and rural areas is also discussed. The challenges to economic and social improvement in the City of Cape Town are also highlighted and the current draft Strategy for Economic and Human Development in the City of Cape Town was evaluated. This was done to investigate the LED approach and specific interventions of the City of Cape Town Municipality in terms of the Comprehensive Approach Model, a model formulated in the thesis. This was done to establish whether it is likely to succeed or not, and therefore the thesis specifically explored the priorities and the fundamentals outlined by the Strategy. Thereafter its possible implementation was assessed according to the organisational structure and how it affects the operationalisation of the Strategy in terms of planning, the process itself, and the monitoring and evaluation of the process. Finally, the challenges to the Strategy were discussed and recommendations were made. From the literature review it is clear that LED should lead to much more than merely economic improvement; this insight reinforces the socio-economic role of LED development intervention strategies. What is also evident in terms of LED in developing countries is that the approach has to establish a strategy which deliberately focuses on pro-poor LED implementation. It is often the way that the process is executed that brings the social focus of LED into perspective.
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Burger, Everardt. "Urban planning approach for improvement of road safety in suburban arterial roads of Bloemfontein city, South Africa." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/182.
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Thesis (M. Tech. (Civil Engineering)) -- Central University of Technology, free State, 2013According to the Road Traffic Management Corporation (RTMC) of South Africa, a large number of accidents involving motor vehicles occur annually on the arterial roads passing through the suburban residential areas of the cities of South Africa. This problem warrants planning and design interventions for the reduction of vehicular accidents and the consequent improvement of road safety on these city roads. Based on this premise, an investigation was conducted to explore the major causes of vehicular accidents, and to develop a set of urban planning and design guidelines to reduce vehicular accidents in suburban arterial roads of a city and to improve the road safety appreciably. The investigation was conducted by considering the suburban areas of Bloemfontein city of Free State, South Africa as the study area. A survey research methodology was followed for this purpose, and data was collected from both primary and secondary sources. Sample surveys were conducted in four different suburban areas of the city to collect primary data and to acquire firsthand information for understanding the scenario at grassroots level. The surveys included household surveys, in order to understand the demographic, socio-economic, and perceptual infrastructural conditions of the study area and their influence on vehicular accidents; road geometrical design parameter surveys; and traffic surveys to understand the road geometry and traffic-related scenarios in the city. In addition, structured statistical data was collected from secondary sources, such as published and unpublished literature and a range of other documents. The data collected was analysed statistically to find the major control parameters influencing vehicular accidents in the suburban arterial roads, and to establish relationships between vehicular accidents and the major control parameters. Based on the analyses, a theoretical linear multiple regression model establishing relationships between the vehicular accidents as the dependent variable and vehicular traffic-related variables (speed of vehicles and average daily traffic), road geometry design variables (road width and median width), and spatial variables (land use and land form in the form of the number of access points from residential areas to arterial routes), was developed to observe the number of accidents under varied simulated scenarios. The simulated model results were employed to develop various policy scenarios to reduce accidents and to improve road safety in the study area. The investigation revealed that, under the composite scenario of the reduction of number of accesses from residential areas to arterial roads, speed, and average daily traffic along with the increase of road width and median width, the occurrence of vehicular accidents in the arterial roads of suburban areas of the city would be reduced and road safety would be improved significantly. It was also observed that residential areas with limited vehicular access from residential areas to arterial roads would have fewer vehicular accidents than residential areas having unrestricted access. Consequently, the number of access points from residential areas to arterial roads in suburban areas of the city would need to be limited, depending on the functions and land use of the area, to improve road safety.
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Seshoka, Keaobaka Omphile Precious. "Language policy and planning in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality: the challenges of implementation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001519.
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This study explores the challenges related to language policy and planning in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan municipality. The study sets to look at the at the challenges affecting successful implementation by the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality as a state organ charged with local development and service delivery for the communities. In terms of the Municipal Systems Act of 2000 municipalities are expected to respond to the language use and preferences of their local communities by making sure that their language policies are fully implemented. The researcher highlights that in instances where municipalities communicate information they are required to make special provision for the speakers of African languages in the communities that they serve in the languages they best understand. This work looks at various statutory language policy documents in South Africa in particular, that give the task of language policy implementation to municipalities as they are the local extension of the national government. This study also argues that municipalities are critical to implementation of language policy. It further notes that in order for the full social, economic and political transformation to take place in municipalities they have to be transformed linguistically in a radical way whereby all the official languages play a major role in all these spheres than before. This view is held by many scholars and researchers in the areas of language policy and planning. This study highlights that the challenges to successful language planning and policy in the government sectors are due to lack of commitment by the government, language practitioners and planners and increased monolingualism in the municipality. The study further explores the language policy and plan of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and the the strategies that can contribute to successful optimization of language resources of the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in order to give effect to the use of local languages as contained in policy documents and also establish how the city of Tshwane can better reinforce its strategies to implement this language plan and policy. The main focus area of this research is on the language policy and plan of the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and assesses whether the language practices in these institutions are reflective of their policy and plan. It is hoped that the study will be able to give policy makers and those tasked with implementation, especially at government municipalities’ strategies for improvement in the functionality and the implementation of their language policies and plans. It is also hoped that recommendations and challenges highlighted by this research will be of a better assistance on how to better reinforce strategies to implement the language plan and policy in the government sectors.
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Hollands, Glenn Delroy. "The politics of planning in Eastern Cape local government: a case study of Ngqushwa and Buffalo City, 1998-2004." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008199.
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This thesis examines the political implications of the integrated development planning process embarked upon by South African municipalities in the period 1998-2004. Through the use of case study methodology that focuses on the Eastern Cape municipalities of Buffalo City and Ngqushwa, the conventions of municipal planning are examined. This inquiry into municipal planning draws upon official government documents and reports and publications from the nongovernment sector. The thesis is particularly focused on the claims made in policy documents and related secondary sources and compares these to more critical reports and publication as well as the author's personal experience of the integrated development planning process. Of key interest is the possibility that planning serves political interests and the material needs of an emerging municipal elite and that this is seldom acknowledged in official planning documentation or government sanctioned publications on the topic. The primary findings of the thesis are as follows: • That the 'reason' of expert policy formulations that accompanied integrated development planning has weakened political economy as a prism of understanding and separated itself from the institutional reality of municipal government • That the dominant critique of planning and other post-apartheid municipal policy is concerned with the triumph of neoliberalism but this critique, while valid, does not fully explain successive policy failures especially in the setting of Eastern Cape local government • That function of policy and its relationship to both the state and civil society is usually understood only in the most obvious sense and not as an instrument for wielding political power • That planning still derives much of its influence from its claim to technical rationality and that this underpinned the 'authority' of the integrated development planning project in South Africa and reinforced its power to make communities governable.
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Kim, Min-Joo. "Healing Architecture: exploring own mind and emotions in inner city of Seoul." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23649.
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Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Architecture (Professional) to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2017The world is changing fast in every fi eld of technology. As technology rapidly develops, humans need to adapt to excessive learning and work loads, in order to meet the current society demands. Extreme stress accumulates, and nega vely aff ects peoples’ physical health. Stress causes many mental illnesses as well. However, many people avoid going to mental hospitals, because of the s gma or the nega ve stereotype associated with mental illness. Therefore, people try to relieve their stress in physical ways by exercising, travelling, or partaking in other leisure ac vi es. They use psychology, religion, therapy, or medita on to relieve their stress. Today, in South Korea, many people work long hours into the night and on the weekend. Many of these people cannot aff ord treatments that relieve stress, because they do not have the me or the money. Most South Koreans spend their days in their work space. In a highly compe ve work environment and networking environment created by social media, the South Korean people lose self-esteem. People blame the social structure and hierarchy for the defec ve working culture. People get depressed or lose their self-esteem by being submissive, rather than fully expressing their opinions especially regarding the ruling class. As a result, many people plan or consider emigra ng. South Koreans, o en forget or lose their iden es and essen al quali es. This document suggests that an urban medita on centre should be built close to the business districts in South Korea. People could visit the centre whenever they need a break from their tough working environment. Visitors to the medita on centre would use all their senses to feel alive, and to realise and reaffi rm their existence. Through this sensory experience, they would also be able to meditate and fi nd inner peace. This report aims to research how architecture can help to release stress in an urban context and how this space could enhance peoples’ various sensory experiences. Healing architecture explores all the human senses using the theory of phenomenology
XL2018
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Kim, Chang-Seok. "City attractiveness and internal migration in Korea : place uitility considerations." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9797.
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Kim, Jong-dall. "The political economy of energy-corporate-urban integration in South Korea." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/31193993.html.
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Venter, Nico Johannes. "Making urban the city 7.0: rebuilding the South African city by applying measured urbanisation." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12879.
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In its aim to redress the inequalities of the past, the South African cities of today turned a blind eye to the urban, rural, natural & social needs of citizens. Our cities, as they stand today, reflect an urban form that is neither sustainable nor equitable. Our cities do not invest in social capital nor aim to react to the reality of diminishing recourses. They are not ‘civic in nature, pedestrian friendly, nor environmentally smart’. When did our cities become so unimportant and disconnected from society? Through this Research & Design Report it is explored whether South African cities (case study: Springs, Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa) can be transformed through retrofitting cities, building cities, making cities, unmaking cities, redeveloping cities, restructuring cities by placing the needs of citizens and nature first_ to inform urbanization, natural resources and the infrastructure that feeds it. It is examined here whether the answer could lie with the application of measured urbanization. It is within the measurement of these urban elements that the future of South African cities can be imagined, it is through the SMART application of these measured responses that broad based realistic and true change will be brought about; that the urban barriers of segregation, isolation & exclusion will be overcome.
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Song, Taesoo. "An intertemporal multi-sectoral model of the labor force and economic planning for Korea." 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23735324.html.
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