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1
Shin, Dong-Hee. "Ubiquitous city: Urban technologies, urban infrastructure and urban informatics." Journal of Information Science 35, no. 5 (September 15, 2009): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551509100832.
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South Korea continues to lead the way in digital opportunity with its recent, innovative and ubiquitous city projects. The u-city initiative in South Korea is a national urban development project that focuses on strengthening the role of information and communication technologies in civic planning and management. This study tracks the changing dynamics driving the information society initiative of South Korea to evaluate the process of design and development of u-city. This study reviews qualitative data related to the u-city projects, describes the transformations and translation of this data in the public, political, and social discourse, and discusses the prospectus of a ubiquitous information society environment. The findings raise fundamental, practical questions about the role of ubiquitous computing in shaping our future cities. The findings show that there are more challenges ahead than prospects, despite the fact that the u-city has all the advanced technological components for a positive development. The South Korean u-city is typically more prone to problems related to the lack of social infrastructure, market restrictions, political quagmires and vested financial interests. The paper discusses the deficiencies of the South Korean approach, namely a lack of holistic approach by integrating technological possibilities with social application needs.
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Park, Jae Ho, Jung-Suk Yu, and Zong Woo Geem. "Optimal Project Planning for Public Rental Housing in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020600.
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Although Korea has made notable progress in the availability of public rental housing, Korea’s public rental housing representing 6.3% of the country’s total housing is still below the 8% OECD average from 2016. The Seoul Metropolitan Area (composed of Seoul City, Incheon City, and Gyeonggi Province) has nearly 50% of the country’s population, but 11% of the nation’s territory, meaning the area suffers from an acute shortage of public rental housing. This is a serious problem which is hampering the sustainability of Korean society in general. We will examine the possibility of improving this public housing problem using certain algorithms to optimize decision making and resource allocation. This study reviews two pioneering studies on optimal investment portfolio for land development projects and optimal project combination for urban regeneration projects, and then optimizes a public housing investment combination to maximize the amount of public rental houses in Gyeonggi province using optimization techniques. Through the optimal investment combination, public rental houses were found to be more efficiently and sustainably planned for the community.
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Choi, Young-Sang. "Smart city development projects in the Republic of Korea." R-Economy 6, no. 1 (2020): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2020.6.1.004.
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Research relevance. The article discusses the experience of South Korea in the sphere of smart city projects. The study's relevance is determined, on the one hand, by the role smart cities play in the creation of the new urban living space, in enhancement of urban economy and, on the other, by the need to analyze and systematize the best practices of smart city development. Research aim. The study describes the development of the 'smart city' concept in South Korea. Smart city is understood as a complex eco-system, which, on the one hand, comprises a range of technological and socio-economic processes and, on the other, involves such actors as government, corporations, research organizations and urban communities. Data and methodology. The study relies on methods of comparative and evolutionary analysis to analyze the concept of smart city and its structure by focusing on the case of South Korea, the world's renowned ICT leader. The study also provides cross-national comparisons of the experience of other developed Asian countries (Japan and China), which, like South Korea, are actively supporting building of smart cities on the state level. Results. The study describes the main stages in the development of the smart city concept in South Korea as well as the main types of smart city projects (pilot projects, research validation projects, and city restoration projects). The study identifies problems of planning, design and implementation of smart city projects and compares the relevant experience of South Korea, Japan and China. It is shown that although smart city projects in these countries were launched in approximately the same period, each of these countries has its own approach to smart cities and ways of their development. Conclusions. The key to Korea's success in smart city development lies in large-scale direct state support, public trust in the government and the application of an integrated approach to smart city development. At the current stage, smart city services not only provide enhanced comfort to city dwellers but also create more opportunities for their personal growth.
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Lee, Kwang Hyun, and Seiyong Kim. "Development of age-friendly city indicators in South Korea." URBAN DESIGN International 25, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41289-019-00078-6.
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In-hee, Lee. "Change of Rural Development Policy in South Korea after Korean War." Journal of Regional and City Planning 32, no. 2 (August 13, 2021): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jpwk.2021.32.2.3.
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The industrial development of South Korea is an exceptional success story. However, there were several side effects of the strong economic growth, such as rapidly increasing city populations and severe socio-economic inequality. The population in the area of the capital currently amounts to half of the national population of South Korea. The Korean government has implemented various regional development policies for a more balanced national development. This paper investigates the series of Five-Year Economic Development Plans from 1962-1997 and the Saemaul Undong movement, who contributed to the record of economic development of South Korea, and discusses the rural development policies recently promoted by the South Korean government to address problems such as the progressive decrease and stagnation of agricultural productivity, the depopulation and aging trends in rural areas, the deterioration of farm household income structure, and import expansion and unstable grain supply by free trade agreement. Abstract. Perkembangan industri Korea Selatan adalah kisah sukses yang luar biasa. Namun, ada beberapa efek samping dari pertumbuhan ekonomi yang kuat, seperti populasi kota yang meningkat pesat dan ketimpangan sosial ekonomi yang parah. Penduduk di wilayah ibu kota saat ini berjumlah setengah dari penduduk nasional Korea Selatan. Pemerintah Korea telah menerapkan berbagai kebijakan pembangunan daerah untuk pembangunan nasional yang lebih seimbang. Makalah ini menyelidiki serangkaian Rencana Pembangunan Ekonomi Lima Tahun dari 1962-1997 dan gerakan Saemaul Undong, yang berkontribusi pada rekor pembangunan ekonomi Korea Selatan, dan membahas kebijakan pembangunan perdesaan yang baru-baru ini dipromosikan oleh pemerintah Korea Selatan untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah seperti sebagai penurunan progresif dan stagnasi produktivitas pertanian, depopulasi dan tren penuaan di daerah perdesaan, kerusakan struktur pendapatan rumah tangga pertanian, dan ekspansi impor dan pasokan biji-bijian yang tidak stabil oleh perjanjian perdagangan bebas. Keywords. Saemaul Undong, perencanaan penggunaan lahan, pembangunan perdesaan, pembangunan ekonomi, perubahan populasi.
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Park, Gon. "Assessment of Green Infrastructure for Conservation Planning using Cadastral Data in Seoul, South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss2.377.
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Green infrastructure has been used for environmental conservation and management with many similar concepts such as green-space network, green-link network, and green-ways network based on the objectives of the cities for greening. Seoul established the 2030 Seoul City Master Plan that contains green-link network projects to connect critical green areas within the city. However, the plan does not have detailed analysis for the green infrastructure to incorporate land-cover information to many structural classes. This study maps green infrastructure networks of Seoul for complementing their green plans with identifying and ranking green areas. Hubs and links that are the main elements of green infrastructure have been identified through incorporating cadastral data of 967,502 parcels to 135 of land use maps using Geographic Information System. The study extracted 1,365 of green areas that represent an area of 24,530 ha within the city and buffered these areas to identify districts as critical green areas that have hubs and links. At a city scale, the study used 103,553 of parcel data for ranking extracted 20 districts, and 17,860 of parcel data for ranking extracted 42 links connecting the districts. At a district scale, this study used 87,826 of parcel data for analyzing the status of potential links within the districts and ranking these districts for green infrastructure. This assessment analyzes the main elements of green infrastructure and suggests site prioritization for green infrastructure under variable scenarios of green and developed areas in a metropolitan city.
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Mellquist Lehto, Heather. "Designing Secularity at Sarang Church." Journal of Korean Studies 25, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 429–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-8552071.
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Abstract The Sarang Global Ministry Center (SGMC) in Seoul, South Korea, is well known for its architectural design and for several controversies surrounding its construction. The SGMC does not have conventional Christian architectural features, such as a steeple or stone facade; instead, the church resembles a luxury department store. Reactions to this building have been mixed, reflecting differing opinions about Christianity in South Korea. Some value the fact that the building’s aesthetics blend Christian activities with everyday life outside the church. Others criticize the building’s corporate appearance, citing it as evidence that Sarang Church is “just a business.” While the way religion is permitted to operate in South Korean secular society is partially defined by legal principles, such as the separation of church and state and state neutrality toward religion, secularism also entails an active configuration of the social order through lived experience. Secularity both constitutes and is constituted by the materiality of religious space, which disputes over the SGMC design make clear. Considering varied responses to the SGMC building project, this article highlights how church architecture, city planning, and consumer capitalism participate in the shaping of Korean Protestant Christianity and how it manifests within South Korea’s secular social and political order.
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Kim, Keun-Ho, and Stephan Pauleit. "Landscape character, biodiversity and land use planning: The case of Kwangju City Region, South Korea." Land Use Policy 24, no. 1 (January 2007): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2005.12.001.
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Kim, Myung-Hye. "Late Industrialization and Women's Work in Urban South Korea: An Ethnographic Study of Upper-Middle-Class Families." City Society 6, no. 2 (December 1992): 156–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/city.1992.6.2.156.
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Kim, Keun-Ho, and Stephan Pauleit. "Landscape metrics to assess the ecological conditions of city regions: Application to Kwangju City, South Korea." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 12, no. 3 (September 2005): 227–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504500509469634.
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Kim, Seo-Hoon, SungJin Lee, Seol-Yee Han, and Jong-Hun Kim. "Scenario Analysis for GHG Emission Reduction Potential of the Building Sector for New City in South Korea." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 5514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205514.
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A new government report on climate change shows that global emissions of greenhouse gases have increased to very high levels despite various policies to reduce climate change. Building energy accounts for 40% of the world’s energy consumption and accounts for 33% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. This study applied the LEAP (Long-range energy alternatives planning) model and Bass diffusion method for predicting the total energy consumption and GHG (Greenhouse Gas) emissions from the residential and commercial building sector of Sejong City in South Korea. Then, using the Bass diffusion model, three scenarios were analyzed (REST: Renewable energy supply target, BES: Building energy saving, BEP: Building energy policy) for GHG reduction. The GHG emissions for Sejong City for 2015–2030 were analyzed, and the past and future GHG emissions of the city were predicted in a Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario. In the REST scenario, the GHG emissions would attain a 24.5% reduction and, in the BES scenario, the GHG emissions would attain 12.81% reduction by 2030. Finally, the BEP scenario shows the potential for a 19.81% GHG reduction. These results could be used to guide the planning and development of the new city.
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Cho, Ki Woong, and Kyujin Jung. "From Collaborative to Hegemonic Water Resource Governance through Dualism and Jeong: Lessons Learned from the Daegu-Gumi Water Intake Source Conflict in Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2018): 4405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124405.
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Recently, water supplies have been insufficient in some areas. In South Korea, using dualism and Jeongish citizenship, we will demonstrate why collaborative governance of the Daegu–Gumi Water Commission has not worked and how it has been mismanaged by its stakeholders. We discuss the conflict between the Daegu Metropolitan City (hereafter referred to as City of Daegu) and the City of Gumi regarding the relocation of the water intake source. In response to many water pollution accidents, the City of Daegu decided to move the water intake source to near the City of Gumi. Due to a conflict between the cities on this issue, the city established a collaborative governance entity, the Daegu–Gumi Water Commission. However, this form of governance was not successful, and eventually, the Daegu–Gumi Water Commission moved from collaborative governance to hegemonic governance. This was due to dualism and Jeongish citizenship with weak membership, participation, experience, and social capital on the local level as South Korean civil societies tend to have insufficient power and experience to fulfill their intentions or negotiate successfully. The Daegu–Gumi Water Commission failed to reach a consensus and to realize a truly collaborative governance process.
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Sharma, Bimala, and EW Nam. "A Healthy City Project: A Case Study of Wonju City, South Korea and its Relevance to the Cities in Nepal." Journal of Gandaki Medical College-Nepal 10, no. 1 (August 1, 2017): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jgmcn.v10i1.17914.
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Introduction: One of the goals of sustainable development is to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. The healthy city approach is becoming increasingly important in addressing a large number of urban health problems and promoting healthy lifestyles in city dwellers.Objectives: We performed a case study of the healthy city project in Wonju, South Korea to find out its characteristics and approaches, and to explore its relevance to the cities in Nepal.Methods: We conducted a case study of the healthy city Wonju project by reviewing relevant published articles and web pages of the city (http://healthycity.wonju.go.kr), alliance for healthy cities, Korean statistical information service and World Health Organization. We also reviewed articles and documents related to healthy cities in South-East Asian countries and Nepal.Results: The healthy city Wonju project, started in 2004, executed its five-year plan between 2006 and 2010, and is currently running with its 10 year long-term plan (2011- 2020). For its success, Wonju City has been awarded six times by WHO. Recently, Wonju city organized the seventh global conference of the AFHC in August, 2016 in Wonju with the main theme of “our cities, our health, our future”. Key features of the healthy city Wonju project included: Strong political commitment of local government, financing the healthy city initiative with tobacco consumption tax, partnerships with universities, well organized healthy city teams under city administration, coordination with national and regional healthy cities alliance, community participation, and involvement in research for evidence-based planning and evaluation. Nepal, one of the fast urbanizing countries in South-East Asia faces large number of urban health problems.Conclusions: Though numbers of cities and city dwellers are increasing rapidly, Nepal lacks healthy city projects and networking. The approaches of healthy city Wonju might be useful for developing countries such as Nepal to initiate and develop healthy cities projects in a sustainable way. Journal of Gandaki Medical CollegeVol. 10, No. 1, 2017, page: 34-42
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Kim, Ki-Hueng, and Kwan-Ryul Lee. "What Are South Korean Consumers’ Concerns When Buying Eco-Friendly Agricultural Products?" Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 4740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174740.
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This study aimed to analyze how perceptions of eco-friendly agricultural products affect food choice criteria, based on a sample of 225 study participants (consumers) in Sejong City, South Korea. We focused on the following criteria: Health, food safety, environmental protection, trust, reputation, nutrition, and taste. We used factor analysis to classify responses into three types of consumer attitude: Organic-minded, pesticide-free focused, and local food-minded. Then, we applied a logit analysis to determine values of agricultural products (dependent variables) and consumer attitudes toward eco-friendly agricultural products (independent variables). We found that South Korean consumers were not motivated by health or environmental protection, nor were they substantially concerned about food safety; their utmost concern was the reputation of organic products. Pesticide-free focused and local food-minded consumers placed a higher value on nutrition and taste, respectively, likely because, in South Korea, organic agriculture is a component of eco-friendly agriculture, leading to the entanglement in consumer perceptions of organic and pesticide-free products. This paper discusses how phased development strategies of organic agriculture, including the eco-friendly agricultural policy, have failed. It is therefore needed to develop and implement new policies for South Korean eco-friendly agriculture.
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Moon, Soo-Young, Daehee Jang, Hyeon Soo Kim, Ji-Young Lee, and Jonghoon Kim. "Importance of Government Roles for Market Expansion of Eco-Village Development Plan Establishment Research: Case Study in the City of Suwon, South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 10293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410293.
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Korean governmental ministries are promoting strategic projects to support cost-saving and low-carbon technologies in residential complexes and commercial buildings in the City of Suwon, South Korea. Suwon City will build throughout the city focusing on economic feasibility by selecting performance targets and using applied technologies for locations to be continuously expanded. This case study of Suwon shows that the local Korean government has prepared a project to spread eco-friendly residential complexes and is trying to introduce and realize eco-friendly construction standards proposed by the central Korean government. The central government is working to actively establish a system to promote eco-friendly construction technologies and encourages people to use eco-friendly construction methods and products. To build the demo-complex in the city, the role of the government was re-examined considering the universalization of energy and environmental technology through the analysis of case studies where these technologies were applied to residential complexes. The objectives of this research study are: (1) to establish a land use plan for the eco-village site in the City of Suwon, (2) to establish an external space plan, which includes the environmental aspects, and (3) to have alternative designs through a multi-criteria decision-making process. This study also used a cost-benefit analysis (BCA) to evaluate and ensure that there was no waste of the Korean government budget contribution, and to observe the business feasibility based on economic performance.
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Kim, Yeonsoo, Jooseok Oh, and Seiyong Kim. "The Transition from Traditional Infrastructure to Living SOC and Its Effectiveness for Community Sustainability: The Case of South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 10227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410227.
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In 2018, the South Korean government began promoting a “livelihood-improving” social overhead capital policy based on the concepts of an inclusive city, smart shrinkage, and the balanced development of metropolitan and provincial cities. Based on a review of the extant literature and relevant policies from South Korea, this study explores this policy’s implementation and makes some suggestions for its sustainability. This study compares the current state of South Korea’s urban facilities’ and the balance of their supply between metropolitan and provincial cities. To discern which type of facility central and local governments should prioritize, this study conducts a stepwise regression analysis and identifies which preexisting facilities influence the facility type proposed by the current policy. Results show that South Korea’s living infrastructure is well distributed among metropolitan and provincial cities. However, urban planning shows little consideration for minimizing the distance between facilities and residential zones. In terms of facility types, the supply of education and local community facilities was adequate throughout the country, while culture and art facilities were inadequate. In metropolitan cities, the supply of sports and leisure facilities was insufficient.
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Kim, Phillip, Hunjae Ryu, Jong-June Jeon, and Seo Il Chang. "Statistical Road-Traffic Noise Mapping Based on Elementary Urban Forms in Two Cities of South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042365.
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Statistical models that can generate a road-traffic noise map for a city or area where only elementary urban design factors are determined, and where no concrete urban morphology, including buildings and roads, is given, can provide basic but essential information for developing a quiet and sustainable city. Long-term cost-effective measures for a quiet urban area can be considered at early city planning stages by using the statistical road-traffic noise map. An artificial neural network (ANN) and an ordinary least squares (OLS) model were developed by utilizing data on urban form indicators, based on a 3D urban model and road-traffic noise levels from a normal noise map of city A (Gwangju). The developed ANN and OLS models were applied to city B (Cheongju), and the resultant statistical noise map of city B was compared to an existing normal road-traffic noise map of city B. The urban form indicators that showed multi-collinearity were excluded by the OLS model, and among the remaining urban forms, road-related urban form indicators such as traffic volume and road area density were found to be important variables to predict the road-traffic noise level and to design a quiet city. Comparisons of the statistical ANN and OLS noise maps with the normal noise map showed that the OLS model tends to under-estimate road-traffic noise levels, and the ANN model tends to over-estimate them.
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Park, Hyungjun, Robert Paterson, Stephen Zigmund, Hyunsuk Shin, Youngsu Jang, and Juchul Jung. "The Effect of Coastal City Development on Flood Damage in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051854.
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Flood damage continues to be an issue in coastal cities. Impervious areas that contribute to flood damage are increasing due to the continuous development of ports in cities. However, previous research has not explored development in port hinterlands and in the coastal flood risk areas of coastal cities. Therefore, this study analyzed the impact of coastal city development on flood damage in Korea. A panel Tobit analysis was conducted on 58 coastal cities between 2002 and 2018. The results revealed that a 1% increase in impervious surfaces and one coastal development permit would increase damage costs by 1.29% and 2%, respectively. The analysis revealed that the increasing development of coastal cities had a significant impact on flood damage. The findings suggest that land-use plans highlight a conflict between port development and safety. This article provides insight that can be used by policy makers to manage risk areas near ports.
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Yhee, Hayeon, Sungpyo Kim, and Sanghyeok Kang. "GIS-Based Evaluation Method for Accessibility of Social Infrastructure Facilities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 16, 2021): 5581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125581.
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Social infrastructure is provided to improve the quality of life of residents. There are two approaches to social infrastructure planning: (1) a population-based approach and (2) an access-based approach. A plan for the social infrastructure facilities in South Korea has been developed based on the population or number of households in a region. Recently, the South Korean government presented a guideline in which accessibility is included in the criteria. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for the accessibility of social infrastructure and for identifying residential areas with poor access. To obtain the travel time between the residence and the social infrastructure facility, we employed a navigation application programming interface that provides a travel time that reflects the resistances in an actual situation. The accessibility index (AI) is defined as a population-weighted average travel time. We also identified residential areas with poor access to social infrastructure by creating accessibility maps. This study includes social infrastructure facilities, such as parks, libraries, elementary schools, childcare centers, kindergartens, and sports facilities. The method proposed in this study was applied to Namdong-gu, Incheon Metropolitan City, South Korea, to evaluate its applicability. The proposed method has advantages in that (1) the AI is easy to understand because it represents an intuitive index for the overall accessibility in minutes of a region, and (2) accessibility maps effectively identify residential areas with poor access.
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Song, Bonggeun, and Kyunghun Park. "Analysis of Spatiotemporal Urban Temperature Characteristics by Urban Spatial Patterns in Changwon City, South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 3777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143777.
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Spatiotemporal air and land surface temperature (LST) characteristics were analyzed based on urban spatial patterns for Changwon City, South Korea. Twelve ASTER (Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer) Thermal infrared radiance (TIR) images during the daytime and nighttime from June to September, 2012–2014 were used for LST analysis. Air temperature was measured at five meteorological stations. The landcover type, elevation, and location of the meteorological measurement stations were the spatial patterns. The differences among the mean LST for each landcover material were the maximum of 8 °C and 1 °C during the daytime and nighttime, respectively. The LST decreased with increasing built-up area ratio, most prominently in July, but less so with increasing forest area for the same area ratios. The changes of urban temperature according to the spatial pattern were found to be different in each period, and there were some differences from previous studies. This is because the thermal characteristics differ depending on the geographical location, climatic conditions, and building environment of the cities. Therefore, to mitigate the urban heat island continuously, it should be applied to urban planning considering the relationship between spatial patterns and urban temperature, and the urban environment should be considered rather than directly using the results of previous studies.
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Joo, Yoohyung, and Hee Yeon Lee. "Spatial Aspects of Mortality Rates and Neighborhood Environmental Characteristics in Seoul Mega City Region, South Korea." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2015100103.
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This study of the spatial patterns of standardized mortality rates (SMRs) in Seoul Mega City Region (SMCR) explores whether neighborhood characteristics affect mortality rates and identifies important determinants of spatial disparity in mortality rates in SMCR. Spatial patterns of mortality rates show a strong positive spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that mortality rates are spatially clustered. A spatial lag model and a GWR model were used to reflect the spatial aspect of mortality rates. The spatial lag model showed better model fitness by considering spatial dependence of mortality rates. It indicates that a higher level of residential deprivation, a less walkable environment, less economic affluence and less social participation are all associated with higher mortality rates with statistical significance. This study suggests that health and welfare policy could incorporate urban planning to consider the neighborhood factors which determine mortality rates in order to improve the health of neighborhood residents.
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Choo, Soyoon, and Elizabeth Currid-Halkett. "Socially Engaged Art(ists) and the 'Just Turn' in City Space: The Evolution of Gwanghwamun Plaza in Seoul, South Korea." Built Environment 46, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.46.2.279.
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Expanding the critical research on the role of arts and artists in (influencing) urban development and urban planning tenets, this article looks at how the interventions of socially engaged art(ists) committed to creating momentum for a 'just turn' in civic values and action can have tangible implications. We look into the threads of connection between the broader literature around the social and 'just turn' in the art world and urban planning approaches. Seoul is then presented with particular focus here as it is going through a watershed moment in what a city 'ought to be', amid 'paradigm shifts' that involve rethinking the relational connection between the arts and city space in tandem with social engagement as the new doctrine of governance. The article focuses on the case of Gwanghwamun Plaza in central Seoul as an example that embodies these scenes and changes. First, it goes over how the plaza's functions and image over time were influenced by both top-down and bottom-up dynamics, in the context of changing dynamics in the urban planning and art worlds. This leads on to more recent events such as the 2016–2017 'candlelight protests', where socially engaged art(ists) played a bottom-up, pivotal role in (re)characterizing a tourism-booster landmark into a public space for social dialogue. By examining the built environment implications from these artistic interventions in Gwanghwamun Plaza, the article considers how the practices and discussions from socially engaged art(ists) can be significant in characterizing the 'new normal' in the plaza's future and in urban/cultural policy and planning at large.
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Kim, I. S., J. Y. Ryu, and J. J. Lee. "Status of construction and operation of large wastewater treatment plants in South Korea." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 12 (June 1, 1996): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0292.
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The history of wastewater treatment in Korea began in 1976 with construction of Chongke sewage treatment plant in the city of Seoul. At present, there are 48 large municipal sewage treatment plants for 42 cities with a total treatment capacity of 7,841,000 m3/d. This indicates that the population receiving sewage treatment is 42% of the total national population. The government is planning to extend the population receiving wastewater treatment to 73% by the year 1997. It turned out that activated sludge processes are the most popular type (39 out of 48 plants) for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The present lawful effluent criteria for BOD, COD, and SS from large municipal wastewater treatment plant are changing from 30 mg/l, 50 mg/l, and 70 mg/l, to 20 mg/l, 40 mg/l, and 20 mg/l, respectively, by the year 1996. Regulation of the total concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus are also added as 60 mg/l and 8 mg/l, respectively. The enactment to control the nutrient concentrations in the lake and pond is inevitable for the protection of drinking water in South Korea.
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Ahn, Jane, Ducksu Seo, and Youngsang Kwon. "Impact of Innovation City Projects on National Balanced Development in South Korea: Identifying Regional Network and Centrality." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030169.
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Innovation City projects, aimed at balanced national development in South Korea, have relocated public institutions from the Seoul metropolitan area to provinces, decentralizing population and economic functions, over the past decade. This study measured changes in regional centrality (the central and local location or hierarchy of objects in a network) at the 14 cities where Innovation City projects were constructed. Commuter Origin-Destination data were analyzed using Rstudio. In the case of connectivity centrality, 13 out of 14 regions saw a rise in centrality values; among them, Busan, Daegu, and Ulsan belong to large cities. This suggests that the impact of Innovation City projects on established metropolitan areas may not be very significant. Five of the 14 projects increased the value of eigenvector centrality, while 10 increased the centrality ranking. This means that the absolute traffic volume of Innovation Cities across the country had increased, while the centrality of areas around these cities declined, suggesting that Innovation Cities should pursue co-prosperity with surrounding areas. In this way, Innovation Cities can have a positive impact on surrounding areas, and positive externalities of relocation projects are maximized. However, such development effects are confined to Innovation City areas, negatively influencing balanced regional development.
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Lim, Ho-kyun, and Dong-hoon Seo. "The effects of PLCMFs on the increase of users according to community type in South Korea." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 51, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000617693074.
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This paper presents research on how multiple facilities contribute to the planning of public libraries by analyzing characteristics that improve the numbers of public library users in terms of their community type. This research discusses the characteristics of multiple facilities considered most effective, as well as the factors that result in increases in the use of public libraries through a comparative analysis of the number of public library users. The research shows that the number of public library uses per person and number of books borrowed per person from public libraries combined with multiple facilities (PLCMF) were relatively higher than those of stand-alone public libraries. PLCMFs are shown to be more effective in increasing usage. Further, a public library combined with a sports facility showed the highest increase in public library users. It is concluded that combining public libraries with more than two facilities is a more efficient way of increasing public library users than combining public libraries with a single facility in a city. The characteristics discussed in this research can be utilized as positive planning factors for increasing the number of people using public libraries.
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Kim, Keun-Ho, and Stephan Pauleit. "Woodland Changes and their Impacts on the Landscape Structure in South Korea, Kwangju City Region." Landscape Research 34, no. 3 (May 27, 2009): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426390902868032.
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Rachmansyah, Ramdha, and Andi Surya Kurnia. "HUB KEBUDAYAAN KOREA SELATAN DI JL. TAMAN KEMANG." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 2, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v2i2.8521.
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As of the global issues in the cultural sector, raises the interest of the community to find out and gather at a point where the culture where can be educated. The global issue regarding cultural trends that had been got from the survey results is the Hallyu Wave, which is the South Korean’s Culture wave that is at the peak of nowadays’s public discussions in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the communication patterns developed by all levels of society and to determine the process of social integration that is carried out. Site selection and building planning are also need to pay attention to the originals of South Korea's architectural authenticity, which later must be adapted to the Indonesian environment within a surface called hub. This hub is planned with the contextuality of musical analogies method in its architectural implementations, such as the lows-highs and the fronts-backs applications on its architectural, which can rise the integration characteristic of South Korean’s culture in Indonesia, especially in Jl. Taman Kemang, South Jakarta City, where is the one of the many 3rd Place spots in Jakarta Province, and also its adaptations Keywords: culture; hub; south korea; trend Abstrak Pemanfaatan isu global dalam bidang kebudayaan, memunculkan minat masyarakat untuk mencari tahu dan berkumpul di satu titik dimana kebudayaan yang sedang trend tersebut dapat diedukasikan. Isu global mengenai trend kebudayaan yang didapatkan dari hasil survey adalah Hallyu Wave, yaitu gelombang Kebudayaan Korea Selatan yang sedang berada di puncak pembicaraan masyarakat di dunia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pola komunikasi yang dibangun oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat dan untuk mengetahui proses integrasi sosial yang dilakukan. Pemilihan tapak dan pengolahan bangunan juga perlu memperhatikan keaslian arsitektural khas Korea Selatan, yang nantinya harus diadaptasikan pada lingkungan Indonesia yang diwadahkan pada sebuah hub. Hub ini dirancang pada metode perancangan kontekstual musical analogies dalam sisi arsitekturalnya, terutama dalam permainan tinggi-rendah dan maju-mundurnya bidang arsitektural, yang pada akhirnya akan memunculkan karakter integrasi kebudayaan Korea Selatan di Indonesia, khususnya di Jl. Taman Kemang, Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan, yang merupakan salah satu pusat 3rd Place untuk Provinsi DKI Jakarta, dan beserta adaptasinya.
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Joun, Hyo-Jae, and Hany Kim. "Productivity Evaluation of Tourism and Culture for Sustainable Economic Development: Analyzing South Korea’s Metropolitan Regions." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 6, 2020): 2912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072912.
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We analyzed the productivity of tourism- and culture-related economic activity in South Korea, adopting the Malmquist productivity index based on data envelopment analysis. We examined whether the productivity of tourism efficiently attracts financial investment. We used various objective indicators as the input and output variables of 16 metropolitan regions in South Korea between 2013 and 2018. To effectively understand the productivity of regions, the 16 metropolitan regions were categorized into four groups based on the ratio of financial independence and rate of city region, and regions were characterized as urbanized, traditional metropolitan, industrialized, or less developed. The findings reveal that the tourism industry in relatively less urbanized regions is more productive. Compared with other industries, public pre-investment and private investment strategies specific to tourism may yield more efficient results in terms of total production and employment. In other words, tourism may constitute a gateway to economic sustainability in less developed regions through the revitalization and/or balanced development of local structures.
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Hwang, Uijeong, and Myungje Woo. "Analysis of Inter-Relationships between Urban Decline and Urban Sprawl in City-Regions of South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041656.
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This paper identifies inter-relationships between the urban decline in core areas and urban sprawl in hinterlands using 50 city-regions of South Korea. We measured decline- and sprawl-related indicators and estimated a simultaneous equations model using Three-Stage Least Squares. The results show that population decline and employment decline have a different relationship with urban sprawl. While population decline has a negative impact on the urban sprawl in the density aspect, employment decline worsens the urban sprawl in the morphological aspect. Another result suggests that the difference is related to declining patterns of population and employment. Cities that are experiencing population decline in the core area are likely to lose population in their hinterlands as well. On the other hand, the employment decline in the core area shows a positive correlation with employment growth in hinterlands. The results imply that suburbanization of jobs and the inefficient land use exacerbate the urban sprawl in the morphological aspect. Thus, local governments should pay attention to migration patterns of employment and make multi-jurisdictional efforts. Furthermore, growth management and urban regeneration policies should go hand in hand to tackle this issue.
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Kim, Hyungkyoo. "Land Use Impacts on Particulate Matter Levels in Seoul, South Korea: Comparing High and Low Seasons." Land 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9050142.
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Seoul, a city in South Korea, experiences high particulate matter (PM) levels well above the recommended standards suggested by the World Health Organization. As concerns about public health and everyday lives are being raised, this study investigates the effects of land use on PM levels in Seoul. Specifically, it attempts to identify which land use types increase or decrease PM10 and PM2.5 levels and compare the effects between high and low seasons using two sets of land use classifications: one coarser and the other finer. A series of partial least regression models identifies that industrial land use increases the PM levels in all cases. It is also reported that residential and commercial land uses associated with lower density increase these levels. Other uses, such as green spaces and road, show mixed or unclear effects. The findings of this study may inform planners and policymakers about how they can refine future land use planning and development practice in cities that face similar challenges.
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Jung, Yeondae, Yongwan Chun, and Daniel A. Griffith. "Temperature and assault in an urban environment: An empirical study in the city of Seoul, South Korea." Applied Geography 124 (November 2020): 102340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2020.102340.
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Bak, Dan-Bi, Jae-Seok Bak, and Sung-Yul Kim. "Strategies for Implementing Public Service Electric Bus Lines by Charging Type in Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 21, 2018): 3386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103386.
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The large-scale adoption of electric vehicles in the public sector is essential for achieving emission reduction targets for transportation. In particular, the replacement of buses with internal combustion engines, which travel long distances and produce massive greenhouse gas emissions, by their electric counterparts can drastically reduce emissions. A variety of electric buses with different power supply systems are currently available, and their performance, charging type, battery capacity, and operating environment are related parameters that must be addressed for their successful and massive adoption. For instance, the appropriate charging type of electric buses depends on conditions, such as the operating environment. In this study, we determined the optimum capacity of electric bus batteries by considering the electric bus range, battery depth of discharge, and deterioration cost while using ADVISOR, which is a MATLAB-based electric vehicle simulator. In addition, we assessed the energy consumed and charging time according to the operating environments of electric buses. Finally, an economic efficiency analysis allowed for determining the appropriated charging type for electric buses. By integrating these data and analyses, we propose a comprehensive plan for selecting the most appropriate charging type according to the operating environment of these electric vehicles. We expect that the proposed plan will contribute to the adoption of electric buses and achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets set by South Korea.
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Paek, Seunghan, and Dai Whan An. "Reassembling Heritage after the Disaster: On the Sungnyemun Debate in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 11, 2020): 3903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093903.
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This article explores the changing values of heritage in an era saturated by an excess of media coverage in various settings and also threatened by either natural or manmade disasters that constantly take place around the world. In doing so, we focus on discussing one specific case: the debate surrounding the identification of Sungnyemun as the number one national treasure in South Korea. Sungnyemun, which was first constructed in 1396 as the south gate of the walled city Seoul, is the country’s most acknowledged cultural heritage that is supposed to represent the national identity in the most authentic way, but its value was suddenly questioned through a nationwide debate after an unexpected fire. While the debate has been silenced after its ostensibly successful restoration conducted by the Cultural Heritage Administration in 2013, this article argues that the incident is a prime example illustrating how the once venerated heritage is reassembled through an entanglement of various agents and their affective engagements. Methodologically speaking, this article aims to read Sungnyemun in reference to the growing scholarship of actor-network theory (ANT) and the studies of heritage in the post-disaster era through which to explore what heritage means to us at the present time. Our synchronic approach to Sungnyemun encourages us to investigate how the once-stable monument becomes a field where material interventions and affective engagements of various agents release its public meanings in new ways.
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Kim, Ilkwon, Jae-hyuck Lee, and Hyuksoo Kwon. "BideParticipatory ecosystem service assessment to enhance environmental decision-making in a border city of South Korea." Ecosystem Services 51 (October 2021): 101337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2021.101337.
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EOM, Jun, and Dai AN. "Regeneration of Industrial Facilities into Cultural Facilities in Seoul: Studying Location Value." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124778.
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Seoul is a rapidly developing city that attempted to keep up with the swift rate of industrialization by constructing large buildings with short life cycles to provide basic urban facilities. Today, however, these buildings are obsolete, and Seoul has become a cultural city rather than an industrial one. Rather than destroying these old buildings, many seek to transform them into cultural facilities, thereby giving them location value. This study examines both international and domestic case studies to determine five ways that such revitalization endows these spaces with location value. Through this, the study demonstrates that providing historic buildings with traditional Seoul architectural and urban characteristics with location value creates a meaningful city in which traces of past industrialization coexist with the present. As Seoul continues to develop as a cultural hub in South Korea, this paper’s findings suggest directions for future urban design.
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Lee, Jin-Wook. "Transforming Unused Spaces in a Shrinking City through Individuals’ Spontaneous Occupation Activities: The Case of Janghang, South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 16, 2020): 6621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166621.
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This study examines individual occupancy of unused space from an urban management perspective. It also identifies measures for sustainable city management by exploring the changes in unused space and relationships between various stakeholders based on personal occupancy processes. The target area of this study is Janghang, which has been characterized by population decline and economic recession over the past decade. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling and informal interviews, and data were analyzed using the open coding method. The results of the study show that unused space was occupied for various purposes such as to harvest food, pursue leisure activities, and alleviate the adverse effects of spaces remaining unused for extensive periods. The results identified owners, occupants, public organizations, and neighborhoods as stakeholders in unused spaces. Moreover, the neglected unused space was maintained as a managed space through tacit consent as well as flexible negotiation and stakeholders’ collective consciousness. Agreement and coordination among stakeholders and the physical environment of the unused space are crucial factors in managing unused space and landscapes because of the differences between landowners and occupants in a shrinking city.
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Yoon, Young-hoon, Jung-Youn Kim, Gwang-ryol Heo, Bo-Sun Sim, and Sung-Woo Moon. "A Pilot Study of Surge Capacity in the Metropolitan Area of South Korea." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s158—s159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003583.
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Introduction:Seoul is the third most densely populated area in the world except for the city-state. However, a national disaster plan has not yet been established.Aim:From September 2017, representatives of seven regional emergency medical centers in Seoul met monthly and decided to investigate basic data for the future establishment of surge capacity planning.Methods:Staff, supply, space, and systems for surge capacity were surveyed in seven hospitals. The additional surveyed data were as follows: hospital incident command system and actual operational experience; performance of disaster drill; safety and security plan; estimation of surge capacity in normal operating conditions and extreme operating conditions; alternative therapeutic spaces; back-up plan to call non-duty medical staff; decontamination equipment; contingency plan for stuff shortage; etc.Results:All the hospitals reported they have hospital incident command systems and held disaster drills every year, however, the two hospitals (28.5%) had no real experience of hospital incident command system activation. Five hospitals (71.4%) did not have a safety and security plan. They replied they can treat average 7.7 emergency patients (Korean Triage and Acute scale (KTAS) ≤ 3), 10 non-emergent patients (KTAS>4), 0.9 surgical patients and 0.7 unstable patients simultaneously in normal operating conditions. In extreme operating conditions, they replied they can treat average 26.4 emergency patients (KTAS ≤ 3), 54.3 non-emergent patients (KTAS>4), 37 surgical patients and 2.3 unstable patients simultaneously. The two hospitals (28.5%) had no alternative therapeutic spaces, no back-up plan to call non-duty medical staff and no contingency plan for stuff shortage. Three hospitals (42.9%) did not have decontamination equipment.Discussion:The survey revealed the basic data for surge capacity planning in Seoul. Data from hospitals other than regional emergency medical centers should be collected for the completion of disaster plans.
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Kim, Byungil, Sha Shin, and Du Kim. "Scenario-Based Economic Impact Analysis for Bridge Closures Due to Flooding: A Case Study of North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea." Water 10, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10080981.
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Flooding has the ability to severely reduce the capacity of a transportation network. The closure of even a single bridge, which often acts as a critical link in transportation networks, can have a severe impact on the entire network. This impact can lead to significant economic costs resulting from increased travel distances for drivers. Despite the significance of these costs, however, notably few studies have been conducted to determine the societal economic cost that would be incurred due to bridge closures. One possible reason for the lack of studies investigating bridge closures due to flooding could stem from the difficultly in collecting data. To address this issue, the methodology presented in this paper uses modeling and data resources that are available for major cities in most developed countries, including those in South Korea. We evaluate the economic impact of the bridge closures using the new administrative capital of North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea as a case study. Scenarios for the closure of bridges are derived from channel surveys and hydraulic analyses. These methods are used to overcome a lack of adequate data on historical floods in the new city. Traffic is forecasted to estimate the number of road users that would be forced to take detours due to inundated bridges. Contrasting travel distances when bridges are and are not operational, economic costs incurred by bridge closures due to flooding are estimated. The results indicated that bridge closures would result in an economic cost of 1563 USD to 44,180 USD per day, depending on how many bridges are closed and how many people are living in the new city. The estimates from this study will act as guidelines for identifying cost-effective mitigation and preparedness strategies aimed at reducing the frequency and impact of bridge closures due to flooding.
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Lee, Jin-Wook. "Evaluating Ways to Form a Sense of Community in a Shrinking City: The Case of the Media Culture Center, Seocheon, South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073845.
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The objective of this study was to promote communal spirit through cultural space in a shrinking city. To achieve this, the study tracked the operation method of the Media Culture Center in Seocheon of South Korea; collected data by interviewing stakeholders, such as operators, participants, and residents; and analyzed the data using an open coding method. The results of this study showed that it was necessary to (1) provide appropriate services for the region, (2) support cultural activities aimed at common goals, and (3) serve as a stronghold for regional governance to promote communal spirit through a cultural space. The results suggested the following implications when forming communal spirit in a shrinking city. First, it is possible to form communal spirit in a shrinking city through a cultural space; operating a program that can help people overcome geographical limitations is necessary for this. Second, it requires experts who understand the region well and who derive residents’ participation and consent well as a facilitating factor in the formation of communal spirit. Third, since the common goal reinforces communal spirit, political support is needed to facilitate the community in participating in an event together.
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Baek, Seoin, Heetae Kim, and Hyun Chang. "A Feasibility Test on Adopting Electric Vehicles to Serve as Taxis in Daejeon Metropolitan City of South Korea." Sustainability 8, no. 9 (September 21, 2016): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8090964.
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Park, Jiman, and Byungyun Yang. "GIS-Enabled Digital Twin System for Sustainable Evaluation of Carbon Emissions: A Case Study of Jeonju City, South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 9186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219186.
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Despite the growing interest in digital twins (DTs) in geospatial technology, the scientific literature is still at the early stage, and concepts of DTs vary. In common perspectives, the primary goals of DTs are to reduce the uncertainty of the physical systems in real-world projects to reduce cost. Thus, this study is aimed at developing a structural schematic of a geographic information system (GIS)-enabled DT system and exploring geospatial technologies that can aid in deploying a DT system for a real-world project—in particular, for the sustainable evaluation of carbon emissions. The schematic includes three major phases: (1) data collection and visualization, (2) analytics, and (3) deployment. Three steps are designed to propose an optimal strategy to reduce carbon emissions in an urban area. In the analytics phase, mapping, machine learning algorithms, and spatial statistics are applied, mapping an ideal counterpart to physical assets. Furthermore, not only are GIS maps able to analyze geographic data that represent the counterparts of physical assets but can also display and analyze spatial relationships between physical assets. In the first step of the analytics phase, a GIS map spatially represented the most vulnerable area based on the values of carbon emissions computed according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. Next, the radial basis function (RBF) kernel algorithm, a machine learning technique, was used to forecast spatial trends of carbon emissions. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was used to quantitatively determine which factor was the most influential among the four data sources: electricity, city gas, household waste, and vehicle. Then, a hot spot analysis was used to assess where high values of carbon emissions clustered in the study area. This study on the development of DTs contributes the following. First, with DTs, sustainable urban management systems will be improved and new insights developed more publicly. Ultimately, such improvements can reduce the failures of projects associated with urban planning and management. Second, the structural schematic proposed here is a data-driven approach; consequently, its outputs are more reliable and feasible. Ultimately, innovative approaches become available and services are transformed. Consequently, urban planners or policy makers can apply the system to scenario-based approaches.
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Hong, Chang-Yu, Eun-Sung Chung, and Heejun Chang. "The Right to Urban Streams: Quantitative Comparisons of Stakeholder Perceptions in Defining Adaptive Stream Restoration." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 15, 2020): 9500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229500.
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Assuring healthy streams in the urban environment is a major goal for restoration scientists, urban planners, and city practitioners around the globe. In South Korea, many urban stream restoration efforts are designed to provide safe water to society and enhance ecological functions. We examined the extent to which the individual interests and different values of multiple stakeholders were considered in previous decision-making in two urban stream restoration projects. The relevant data on stream restoration were collected through the nominal group technique (NGT) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for the two stream cases of a populated inland area and a coastal region in South Korea. The AHP results provide information about the comparative weights of the values of ecological restoration (priority score: 0.487), social restoration (priority score: 0.231), and landscape revitalization (priority score: 0.279) of the Ahn-Yang stream and ecological restoration (priority score: 0.527), social restoration (priority score: 0.182), and landscape revitalization (priority score: 0.290) of the Sahn-Jee stream. The stakeholders of the populated metropolitan area had a relatively high awareness of their role in environmental restoration, thus it was natural for them to place a high value on social restoration.
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Kim, Sang Seup, Jae-Song Lee, Dong Hak Lee, and Yeol Choi. "Citizens’ Preference and Perception of Street Trees of Main Boulevards in Busan, South Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 3141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063141.
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Street tree species are selected mainly based on functional utility. This selection practice results in effective management. If the value of street trees as perceived by citizens is added to the existing selection criteria, satisfaction will be improved in addition to effective management. This study attempted to find a way to reflect citizens’ values in street tree selection criteria through empirical analysis. A preference survey and the visual and affective evaluation of 12 street tree species in Busan Metropolitan City were conducted. With the collected data, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to draw common factors of evaluation. Additionally, multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used to group tree species that were considered similar. The study results revealed that citizens prefer species that provide visually positive feelings and intimacy. Some species appropriate for urban greenspaces are not preferred for street trees. Although a low level of nuisance is an important aspect of street trees, citizens do not prefer species that are excessively free from nuisance. When selecting species with a polarized preference, dealing with undesired aspects is required. It is necessary to acknowledge the different preferences of citizens and street tree authorities; reflecting citizens’ values can provide more citizen-friendly street plans.
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Yun, Hee Jeong, Dong Jin Kang, Dong-Kap Kim, and Youngeun Kang. "A GIS-Assisted Assessment and Attribute-Based Clustering of Forest Wetland Utility in South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2019): 4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174632.
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The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of forest wetlands by developing factors for site suitability and applying these factors to 107 sites in South Korea. We developed a forest wetland assessment in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment to assess site suitability. We considered 16 factors including slope, elevation, visibility, land ownership, distance to city, and so on. We conducted an expert survey with experts to analyze the relative importance by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). We found that the order of importance of the 5 criteria applied in this study was: (1) Natural Ecology, (2) Land Use, (3) Natural Landscape, (4) Tourist Attraction, and (5) Accessibility. We then analyzed the spatial characteristics of each site based on the AHP result and divided the 107 forest wetlands into three categories by cluster analysis. Sites with high scores on the assessment were primarily the landscape ecology or land use criterion. Our differentiation of these forest wetland characteristics could help enable policymakers to develop sustainable management with the aim of balancing conservation with utilization in ecotourism destinations.
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Jeong, Sang Kyu, and Yong Un Ban. "Spatial Configurations for The Revitalization of a Traditional Market: The Case of Yukgeori Market in Cheongju, South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072937.
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Changes in consumer purchasing patterns in South Korea in the 1990s led to a gradual decline in traditional markets. However, Yukgeori Market, a representative and unique traditional market in the city of Cheongju, has survived and continued to develop while maintaining the physical and operational characteristics of a traditional market. There is a lack of studies on the revitalization of traditional markets in non-metropolitan areas outside of Seoul in Korea. Thus, this study has identified the characteristics of the spatial configurations that foster the vitality of traditional markets by analyzing the attributes of the spaces based on their accessibility in the street network of Cheongju, and especially in the neighborhood surrounding Yukgeori Market. This was done by calculating the depths of the nodes in the network using a spatial analytical model. The results showed that long streets with a high public level (integration), which attract people and act as a communication bridge between highly modernized commercial areas and traditional markets as well as a boundary to preserve and develop a market’s traditional characteristics, can lead to the sustainable development of both types of area.
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Sung, Uk-Je, Jeong-Hee Eum, Jeong-Min Son, and Jeong-Hak Oh. "Planning Strategies of Wind Corridor Forests Utilizing the Properties of Cold Air." Land 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060607.
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A wind corridor forest is defined as an urban forest for utilizing the functions of a wind corridor that allow “cool and fresh air (cold air)” generated in forests at night to flow to urban development areas. This study aims to provide planning strategies for implementing a wind corridor forest by analyzing current conditions in Haengbok City (HBC region), Sejong, South Korea. The HBC region had many wind-generating forests (WGF), wind-spreading forests (WSF), and wind-connecting forests (WCF), and secured the connections among the target areas of each wind corridor forest. Despite the favorable conditions for a wind corridor forest, cold air flow showed that there are regions with unfavorable wind conditions in the HBC region. In order to strengthen the functions of a wind corridor forests in the HBC region, four zones were distinguished according to the functional characteristics. Additionally, the planning strategies of a wind corridor forests suitable for each zone were provided, and the strategies for establishing a wind corridor forest were proposed. The results of this study can be used as the fundamental data for establishing guidelines for a wind corridor forest and utilized as resources for selecting regions suitable for a wind corridor forest.
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Kim, Hyungkyoo, Yoonhee Jung, and Jae In Oh. "Transformation of urban heat island in the three-center city of Seoul, South Korea: The role of master plans." Land Use Policy 86 (July 2019): 328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.016.
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Carrera, Berny, Suzanne Peyrard, and Kwanho Kim. "Meta-regression framework for energy consumption prediction in a smart city: A case study of Songdo in South Korea." Sustainable Cities and Society 72 (September 2021): 103025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103025.
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Muzalfitri Ridwan, Eka. "Future-Anxious Commitment and Its Influence on Potential Human Capitals and Social Problems Anticipation With Personal Fides Awareness as Mediating Variabel." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (October 19, 2018): 320–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v1i3.56.
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South Sumatera is one of biggest city in Indonesia that has been developing in many kinds of infrastructures, not only in physical aspect but also in human resource aspect. One of trendsetter problems in that city are work status that are accustomed to having at professions like lecturers and teachers in South Sumatera generally and Palembang city specially. Many lecturers and teachers not only in state universities and state schools (like: elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school) but also in private universities and private schools have been having uncertain status that we can also say outsourcing lecturers and teachers since Indonesia Government decided a moratorium planning in recruiting candidates of public servants in Indonesia. It means, it will be big problems for lecturers and teachers in Indonesia (especially in South Sumatera), they will influence on public services (like: college students and students) even decrease potential human capital and other social problems because of lecturers’ and teachers’ uncertain status. Meanwhile in other countries (USA, England, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, Germany, Korea, Philippine), outsourcing workers are a custom in those but it can not be implemented in South Sumatera because outsourcing workers in this city are not ready yet in their competencies, soft and hard skills, experiences, creative thoughts, internal motivations, independencies, and loyalty to the job. Besides that, there is custom in South Sumatera (Indonesia generally) that being an employee is a pride for themselves and their families even though the salaries are too low. This research had found two postulates to become novelties support motivation and commitment theoriesThe result of this research are there are strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on future-anxious commitment grades 0,98 (98%), strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on potential human capital grades 0,79 (79%), and strong influence of personal FIDES awareness on social problems anticipation grades 0,53 (53%). Personal FIDES awareness (PAFIDES) rises because of uncertain job status and job scarcity, and PAFIDES can not strongly and directly influence on social problems anticipation (SOCPRA) but it will be strongly if it indirectly influences on SOCPRA by using mediating variable called future-anxious commitment.
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Lee, Jun-Ho, Han Jun Woo, Hoi-Soo Jung, Joo Bong Jeong, and Ha Neul Park. "Application of a Marine Environmental Information System (MEIS) Data to Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) in the Nakdong River Estuary, Busan Metropolitan City, South Korea." Journal of Coastal Research 95, sp1 (May 26, 2020): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si95-167.1.
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