Journal articles: 'City planning – Tanzania'

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Todd, Gemma, Ibrahim Msuya, Francis Levira, and Irene Moshi. "City Profile: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 10, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425319859175.

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Cities in Africa are experiencing fast urbanization with growing demand for basic services. The city of Dar es Salam, one of the fastest growing cities in the region and the world, is likely to guide the urban future in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam is the former capital city of Tanzania and retains its importance as most of the government offices were located. However, the whole process of complete relocation of government offices to the present capital city of Dodoma might affect the dynamics in Dar es Salaam in the near future. Nevertheless, it is the leading commercial centre and economic hub in Tanzania and is expected to be a mega city by 2030. The growth of the city is construed by both natural increase and high rate of migration. However, the city’s organic growth was affected by racial-based residential segregation under the colonial regime, whose imprints are evident to date. In this profile, an overview of Dar es Salaam’s colonial, post-colonial, social, economic and location factors that led to urbanization is provided. This profile highlights the previous, current and future challenges, and explores the pathways to enhance sustainability and transformation of Dar es Salaam to be a smart city. Poor implementation of master plans led to minimal guidance of city growth, but the current land and and human settlement policy emphasizes on sustainable approach in urban planning including low costs but sustainable settlements even for the urban poor. Such transformation requires government and city management to invest in better planning implementation, creation of database that will inform future planning, improvement in social services such as infrastructure, access to quality and affordable housing, water and electricity supply. This paper contributes to the existing literature on nature of cities in developing countries, which had been affected by colonialism and poor implementation of policies, and suggest ways in which cities can to become smarter and sustainable.

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Lupala, Aldo, and John Lupala. "The conﬂict between attempts to green arid cities and urban livelihoods The case of Dodoma, Tanzania." Journal of Political Ecology 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2003): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v10i1.21650.

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One of the features that characterise the designated capital city of Dodoma is the limited green landscape element as a result of semiarid climatic conditions of the whole central region of Tanzania. Besides concerted efforts by the Dodoma urban authorities to develop greenery landscape within the city through the Capital City Development Programme, such efforts have fallen into conﬂict with people’s livelihood activities. In this paper, it is argued that the gap between identiﬁcation of appropriate landscape features that are not consistent with people's lifestyles and the local conditions are the contributory factors to the observed conﬂicts between attempts to green the city and livelihoods of the residents. Borrowed planning concepts in the masterplans thatwere imposed on the contextof Dodoma do not reﬂectthe realityof thepeople's needs and priorities as regards their livelihoods. These concepts have to the greatest extent failed to integrate livelihood activities and greening initiatives. This paper underscores the need for developing locally based planning considerations that take cognisance of all stakeholders and the local context as a way towards harmonising greening initiatives while accommodating people's livelihood needs and activities.Key Words: greening initiatives, livelihood activities, semi-arid cities, urban planning, master plans, Dodoma, Tanzania.

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Sumari, Neema Simon, Gang Xu, Fanan Ujoh, Prosper Issahaku Korah, Obas John Ebohon, and Neema Nicodemus Lyimo. "A Geospatial Approach to Sustainable Urban Planning: Lessons for Morogoro Municipal Council, Tanzania." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 6508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226508.

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Sustainable urban planning is essential in mediating the natural and built environments globally, yet, there is little progress as regards its attainment in developing countries. Rapid and unplanned urbanization continue to threaten the sustainability of many cities in Africa. By selecting Morogoro Municipal Council (MMC) in Tanzania as an example, this study applied well-known remote sensing techniques to understand the dynamics of urban growth and the implications for sustainable urban planning. The study analyzes spatio-temporal characteristics for eighteen years (2000–2018) based on urban land density using gradient and grid-based analysis to further examine land use and urban land density nexus. The results indicate declining urban land densities with distance to the city center, indicating a less compact and fragmented development at the urban fringes; and northward development with limited development to the south of MCC. The knowledge and understanding of the patterns of spatio-temporal conditions, land use planning, and management interventions in MMC are necessary for addressing the inadequacies associated with rapid urbanization within the study area. On this basis, we propose a shift from the modernist to the communicative planning strategy that strongly integrates the urban social, economic, and environmental imperatives, while being adaptable to evolving realities. This plan should also aim to curtail urban sprawl and create a viable city system and economically prosperous city structure for MMC.

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LEWINSON, ANNE. "Love in the City: Navigating multiple relationships in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." City Society 18, no. 1 (June 2006): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/city.2006.18.1.90.

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Jones, Ben. "Street Archives and City Life: Popular Intellectuals in Postcolonial Tanzania." European Journal of Development Research 30, no. 5 (October 5, 2018): 935–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41287-018-0165-0.

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Kiwia, Rose Haynes, Kenneth M. K. Bengesi, and Daniel W. Ndyetabula. "Succession planning and performance of family-owned small and medium enterprises in Arusha City – Tanzania." Journal of Family Business Management 10, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-03-2019-0018.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine succession planning and performance of family-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach The quantitative research approach and a cross-sectional research design were employed. The probability sampling technique was used to draw 219 respondents from the sampling frame. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and independent samples t-tests were used for data analysis. Findings It was revealed that most of family-owned SMEs founders in the study area had mechanisms for succession planning for their businesses. Also, there is a difference in business performance when successors are selected and prepared by business founders compared to when they are selected and prepared by other family members. Successors selected and prepared by business founders performed better in business than successors who were selected and prepared by other family members. Research limitations/implications This study employed a quantitative research paradigm methodology, which limits deep discussion with respondents. Future studies could consider using a qualitative research paradigm methodology. Originality/value The paper presents succession planning process experience in family-owned SMEs in the study area, specifically the existence of succession planning in family-owned SMEs. It also shows a difference in business performance between the two investigated groups. This paper will benefit business founders, family business successors and researchers.

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MOYER, EILEEN. "Popular Cartographies: youthful imaginings of the global in the streets of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." City Society 16, no. 2 (December 2004): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/city.2004.16.2.117.

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Lewinson, Anne S. "Reading Modernity in Urban Space: Politics, Geography and the Informal Sector of Downtown Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." City Society 10, no. 1 (January 1998): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/city.1998.10.1.205.

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Cross, Charlotte. "Community policing and the politics of local development in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 52, no. 4 (November 10, 2014): 517–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x14000433.

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ABSTRACTThis paper explores how the concept of ‘community policing’ has been understood and implemented in Tanzania. Whilst community policing is locally considered to be a very effective means of preventing crime and improving neighbourhood safety, the extent to which it constitutes a more accountable, responsive or ‘democratic’ form of policing, as assumed by proponents, is questionable. Based on research conducted in the city of Mwanza, this paper explains these outcomes in terms of continuities between forms of popular mobilisation that developed during Tanzania's socialist one-party era, and particularly the co-optation by the ruling party ofsungusunguvigilantism, and understandings of the role of citizen participation in local development today. However, this paper suggests that as multiparty political competition becomes increasingly competitive, the sustainability of this model of community policing may be undermined, as citizens challenge the notion that they are obliged to provide resources for development directed from above.

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Kukkonen, Markus O., Muhammad J. Muhammad, Niina Käyhkö, and Miska Luoto. "Urban expansion in Zanzibar City, Tanzania: Analyzing quantity, spatial patterns and effects of alternative planning approaches." Land Use Policy 71 (February 2018): 554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.11.007.

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May, Ann, and J. Terrence McCabe. "City Work in a Time of AIDS: Maasai Labor Migration in Tanzania." Africa Today 51, no. 2 (December 2004): 2–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.2004.51.2.2.

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May, Ann, and J. Terrence McCabe. "City Work in a Time of AIDS: Maasai Labor Migration in Tanzania." Africa Today 51, no. 2 (2004): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2005.0010.

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Todd, Gemma Joan Nifasha, Benjamin Clarke, Millie Marston, Mark Urassa, and Jim Todd. "Gender and youth migration for empowerment: migration trends from Tanzania." Migration Letters 14, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 300–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v14i2.334.

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Migration remains a central concern in urbanisation, especially in Africa. With mobility, and migration, articulated as norms of the twenty-first century this paper introduces a focus on trending realities. The paper describes the migration to and from the rural hinterland of a medium-sized African city in Tanzania. By asking questions on migration trends within livelihoods, this project identifies the emerging demographic patterns, and geographies, within Tanzania. Analysis was carried out on a Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) database. The HDSS site data provides an overview of population movement in, out, and within, Kisesa, Tanzania. The results raise discussion concerning what mobility means and the connections between migration and urbanisation. The results raise two key points. Certain factors increase the ‘risk’ of migration: age, sex, place of residence, and being able to migrate individually. These risk factors as interconnected. Results highlight the need for a gender and age sensitive approach with feminising, and youthful, migration trends identified. Secondly, migration is not necessarily rural-urban, but rather increasingly involve local movements within the Kisesa ward and circular mobilities’.

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Lee, Ching Kwan. "Raw Encounters: Chinese Managers, African Workers and the Politics of Casualization in Africa's Chinese Enclaves." China Quarterly 199 (September 2009): 647–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741009990142.

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AbstractThis article examines one of the pre-eminent logics of global capital flow – the pursuit of flexible labour regimes – as a window to explore the interaction between Chinese investments and African communities. It analyses the respective “politics of casualization” in the Chambishi mine on the Zambian Copperbelt and the Tanzania–China Friendship Mill in the port city of Dar es Salaam. Both Zambian and Tanzanian workers have witnessed and resisted precipitous “informalization” of employment since the Chinese assumed full or majority ownership in the late 1990s. Wildcat strikes were staged by workers in both cases. Nevertheless, Zambian copper miners, but not Tanzanian textile workers, seem to have successfully halted this tendency of casualization. After several years of struggle, in 2007 they signed new collective agreements with the Chinese management, who agreed gradually to convert all casual and contract jobs into “permanent” pensionable ones. By explaining the divergent outcomes of these two cases of labour resistance, I hope to identify the major factors shaping the encounter between Chinese managers and African workers.

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Lubida, Alex, Mozafar Veysipanah, Petter Pilesjo, and Ali Mansourian. "LAND-USE PLANNING FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: A SPATIAL AND MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION APPROACH." Geodesy and cartography 45, no. 5 (April 17, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/gac.2019.6691.

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Land-use planning, which requires finding a balance among different conflicting social, economic and environment factors, is a complex task needed everywhere, including Africa. One example is the city of Zanzibar in Tanzania, which is under special consideration for land-use revision. From one side, the city has high potentials for tourist industry and at the other side there are major challenges with the city structure and poor accessibilities. In order to prepare a proper land-use plan for the city, a variety of influencing conflicting factors needs to be considered and satisfied. This can be regarded as a common problem in many African cities, which are under development. This paper aims to address the problem by proposing and demonstrating the use of Geographical Information System (GIS) and multi-objective optimization for land-use planning, in Zanzibar as a case study. The measures which have been taken by Zanzibar government to address the development challenges through the Zanzibar Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (ZSGRP) were identified by studying related documents and interviewing experts. Based on these, two objective functions were developed for land-use planning. Optimum base land-use plans were developed and mapped by optimizing the objective functions using the NSGA-II algorithm. The results show that the proposed approach and outputs can considerably facilitate land-use planning in Zanzibar. Similar approaches are highly recommended for other cities in Africa which are under development.

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Halla, Francos. "A SWOT analysis of strategic urban development planning: The case of Dar es Salaam city in Tanzania." Habitat International 31, no. 1 (March 2007): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.08.001.

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Swai, Ombeni Andrew. "Architectural dynamics of street food-vending activities in Dar es Salaam city centre, Tanzania." URBAN DESIGN International 24, no. 2 (February 20, 2019): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41289-019-00083-9.

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Briggs, John. "Population change in Tanzania: A cautionary note for the city of Dar es Salaam." Scottish Geographical Magazine 109, no. 2 (September 1993): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369229318736887.

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Hoyle, Brian. "Port-city renewal in developing countries. The waterfront at Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania." Erdkunde 56, no. 2 (2002): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2002.02.01.

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Tripp, Aili Mari. "Women and the Changing Urban Household Economy in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 27, no. 4 (December 1989): 601–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00020462.

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Women in Tanzania's largest city, Dar es Salaam, used to be described as ‘relatively inactive’ as regards paid work or self-employment.1 One study undertaken in 1971 found that only one-fifth of urban women were either working for wages (13 per cent) or earning their own sources of income (7 per cent).2 The situation could not have been more different in the late 1980s, with as many as 66 per cent in Dar es Salaam being self-employed. Although about the same proportion of women were in some kind of paid employment as during the previous decade, it appeared that since then many of them had been leaving their place of work to farm and to engage in small income-generating projects, known as miradi midogo midogo or shughuli ndogo ndogo in Kiswahili3.

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Peter, Linda Lazaro, and Yuzhen Yang. "Urban planning historical review of master plans and the way towards a sustainable city: Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Frontiers of Architectural Research 8, no. 3 (September 2019): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2019.01.008.

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J. KITALIKA, ALDO, REVOCATUS L. MACHUNDA, HANS C. KOMAKECH, and KAROLI N. NJAU. "Land-Use and Land Cover Changes on the Slopes of Mount Meru-Tanzania." Current World Environment 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.3.07.

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The study of spatial land use and land change is inevitable for sustainable development of land use plans. Environmental transitions analysis was done in part of the land on the slopes of the foothills of Mount Meru in thirty (30) years’ time from 1986 to 2016 using satellite-derived land use/cover maps and a Cellular Automata (CA) spatial filter under IDRISI software environment and assessed the important land use changes. Also, the future land use for 2026 which is the next ten (10) years was simulated based on Cellular-Automata Markov model. The results showed significant land use transitions whereby there is a huge land use change of bush land (BL) and agriculture land (AG) into human settlement (ST) which resulted into conversion of Arusha town into a City. In addition, the changes have caused slight changes in water bodies into mixed forest. Moreover, the future land use/land cover (LULC) simulations indicated that there will be unsustainable LULC changes in the next ten years since most of bush land and part of agriculture land will be used for building different structures thus interfering with fresh water and food availability in the City. These changes call upon the relevant planning authorities to put in place the best strategies for good urban development.

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Malefakis, Alexis. "Gridlocked in the city: kinship and witchcraft among Wayao street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." Africa 88, S1 (March 2018): S51—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017001140.

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AbstractFor a group of Wayao street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, kinship relations were simultaneously an advantage and a hindrance. Their migration to the city and entry into the urban economy had occurred along ethnic and kinship lines. But, as they perceived the socially heterogeneous environment of the city that potentially offered them opportunities to cooperate with people from different social or ethnic backgrounds, they experienced their continuing dependency on their relatives as a form of confinement. Against the backdrop of the city, the Wayao perceived their social relations as being burdened with an inescapable sameness that made it impossible to trust one another. Mistrust, contempt and mutual suspicion were the flip side of close social relations and culminated in accusations ofuchawi(Swahili: witchcraft). However, these accusations did not have a disintegrative effect; paradoxically, their impact on social relations among the vendors was integrative. On the one hand,uchawiallegations expressed the claustrophobic feeling of stifling relations; on the other, they compelled the accused to adhere to a shared morality of egalitarian relations and exposed the feeling that the accused individual was worthy of scrutiny, indicating that relationships with him were of particular importance to others.

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John, Samwel, Gordon Mcgranahan, Mwanakombo Mkanga, Tim Ndezi, Stella Stephen, and Cecilia Tacoli. "The churn of the land nexus and contrasting gentrification processes in Dar es Salaam and Mwanza, Tanzania." Environment and Urbanization 32, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 429–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247820938348.

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This article contrasts gentrification and related processes of displacement across two of Tanzania’s fastest-growing cities. Some groups are particularly vulnerable to gentrification, with smallholder farmers particularly vulnerable on the periphery, and tenants particularly vulnerable near the centre. In the cities’ newly urbanizing peripheries, many of the longest-standing residents from farming families sell their land to upwardly mobile newcomers moving out from the city centre. In inner-city informal settlements, populations have become far denser and tenants outnumber owners, whilst developers and other large formal-sector land users are potentially interested in securing the land for upmarket residential or non-residential uses. Bringing the planning system and the informal settlements into better alignment is important, but regularization efforts can unnecessarily amplify the risks of exclusionary gentrification. While better-organized communities should be able to mitigate these risks, for this to be achieved the most vulnerable groups need to be adequately represented.

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van Leeuwen, Cornelis J., and Philipo C. Chandy. "The city blueprint: experiences with the implementation of 24 indicators to assess the sustainability of the urban water cycle." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (May 1, 2013): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.062.

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A set of indicators, i.e. the city blueprint, has been developed to assess the sustainability of the water cycle (SWC). The city blueprint comprises a set of 24 dedicated indicators divided over eight categories, i.e. water security, water quality, drinking water, sanitation, infrastructure, climate robustness, biodiversity and attractiveness and governance including public participation. The city blueprint can be used as a first step or quick-scan to benchmark the SWC in cities and may help: (1) to communicate a city's SWC performance and exchange experiences, (2) to select appropriate water supply and sanitation strategies, (3) to develop technological and non-technological options as future alternatives for the water cycle, where several possible changes in the use of technology, space and socio-economic scenarios can be introduced. This should finally lead to: (4) a selection of measures, including an evaluation of their costs and benefits under different development scenarios, and how to integrate these in long-term planning on urban investments. So far, a city blueprint has been made for the city of Rotterdam. This study reports on three other cities, i.e. two Dutch cities (Maastricht and Venlo) and one city in a developing country (Dar es Salaam in Tanzania). Experiences so far and further plans will be discussed.

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Nyaki, Prosper S., Hannibal Bwire, and Nurdin K. Mushule. "Travel Time Reliability of Bus Operation in Heterogeneous Traffic Conditions of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2020-0014.

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AbstractThe assessment of travel time reliability enables precise prediction of travel times, better activity scheduling and decisions for all users of the road network. Furthermore, it helps to monitor traffic flow as a crucial strategy for reducing traffic congestion and ensuring high-quality service in urban roads. Travel time reliability is a useful reference tool for evaluating transport service quality, operating costs and system efficiency. However, many analyses of travel time reliability do not provide true travel variation under heterogeneous traffic flow conditions where traffic flow is a mixture of motorized and non-motorized transport. This study analysed travel time reliability under heterogeneous traffic conditions. The travel reliabilities focused on passenger waiting time at bus stops, in-vehicle travel time, and delay time at intersections which were analysed using buffer time, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and planning time. The data used were obtained from five main bus routes in Dar es Salaam. The results indicate low service reliability in the outbound directions compared to inbound directions. They also intend to raise awareness of policy-makers about the situation and to make them shift from expanding road networks towards optimising road operations.

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Hambati, Herbert, and Genesis T. Yengoh. "Community resilience to natural disasters in the informal settlements in Mwanza City, Tanzania." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 61, no. 10 (September 20, 2017): 1758–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1372274.

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Kessy, Irene, and Edmund J. Kayombo. "Utilization of Modern Contraceptives for Family Planning in Urban Setting: Kitunda Ward of Ilala Municipal, Dar-es-Salaam City, Tanzania." OALib 02, no. 11 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1102025.

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Bwire, Hanniabl. "Application of Trip Generation Models for Urban Transport Planning In a Data Scarce Developing Country City: The Case of Dar es Salaam." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 35, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v35i2.473.

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With the increase in travel demand and traffic management problems in many developingcountries cities, travel demand forecasting models are being employed increasingly tomake informed decisions about the operational improvements to the existing transportationsystem and the design and performance of future transportation systems. The mainadvantage of using travel demand forecasting models for such purposes is that they arecapable of capturing the interactive effects of different components of the system understudy. However, for some time now there have been concerns about the application oftransport planning models in developing countries. The concerns have been mainly inrelation to the variables, coefficients and models borrowed from developed countries. Thispaper first discusses the characteristics of transport problems in developing cities andprovides a review of trip generation modelling approaches. Then, the discussion extendsfurther to cover available data for urban transport planning and trip generation modelsthat have found application in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The paper concludes byhighlighting how available data sources and trip generation modelling approach can beimproved to cope with the dynamic conditions in Dar es Salaam.

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Waters, Tony. "A Cultural Analysis of the Economy of Affection and the Uncaptured Peasantry in Tanzania." Journal of Modern African Studies 30, no. 1 (March 1992): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00007771.

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Is the ‘economy of affection’, as suggested by Goran Hyden, the key factor determining social relations in East Africa and elsewhere? According to this thesis, both villagers and city-dwellers are tied together in webs of kinship and tribal obligation that mitigate against the accumulation of wealth or capital necessary for the formation of either industrial modes of production or class-based societies. Hyden claims that the high values placed on personal relationships are dependent upon ‘a peasant mode of production’, and that, in the case of Tanzania, their persistence and perseverance has been the most significant factor inhibiting economic development. In short, the ‘smallness’ of the peasantry is a source of power.

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Msuya, Ibrahim, Irene Moshi, and Francis Levira. "Land Pattern of Highly Urbanizing Cities: Change in Built-up Area, Population Density and Spatial Development of the Sprawling Dar es Salaam City." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 12, no. 1_suppl (March 2021): S165—S182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425321998036.

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Dar es Salaam is one of the most diverse cities in Tanzania in terms of its physical, social, economic, environmental and spatial features. This diversity has contributed to differences in built-up area, population density, as well as the pace of spatial development across different parts of the city. This study aims to examine the relationship between physical built-up area changes in Dar es Salaam, population density change and spatial development using remote sensing images and census data. The study finds that the city population has grown tremendously, with peri-urban wards in particular having experienced positive growth. Dar es Salam’s built-up area change and urban sprawl emerging at the city’s edges distinctly follows the pattern of demographic change. This is accompanied by substantial compact growth in the inner parts of the city. A number of factors such as transport, residential development, migration, high natural growth rates, public policies and land speculation are found to have contributed to these changes. Overall, the study aims to aid planning authorities in effectively responding to the rapid spatial development taking place in the city, for which a holistic approach that combines an understanding of physical and demographic changes is needed. By investigating the changing patterns in land use within this highly urbanizing city, it aims to generate insights into urban development control machineries and identify their underlying dynamics.

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Harrison, Elizabeth, and Anna Mdee. "Successful small-scale irrigation or environmental destruction? The political ecology of competing claims on water in the Uluguru Mountains,Tanzania." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20881.

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Abstract In the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania, an expansion in informal hosepipe irrigation by small-scale farmers has enabled the development of horticulture, and resulted in improvements in farmers' livelihoods. This has largely taken place independently of external support, and can be seen as an example of the 'private' irrigation that is increasingly viewed as important for sub-Saharan Africa. However, these activities are seen by representatives of government and some donors as the cause of environmental degradation and water shortages downstream, especially in the nearby city of Morogoro. As a result, there have been attempts to evict the farmers from the mountain. Negative narratives persist and the farmers on the mountainside are portrayed as a problem to be 'solved.' This article explores these tensions, contributing to debates about the formalization of water management arrangements and the place of the state in regulating and adjudicating rights to access water. We argue that a focus on legality and formalization serves to obscure the political nature of competing claims on resources that the case illustrates. Keywords: irrigation; Tanzania; ethnography; political ecology; water

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Mwageni, Nicholaus, and Robert Kiunsi. "Green Spaces in Residential Areas of Dar es Salaam City: Types, Coverage and Uses." Journal of Sustainable Development 14, no. 3 (April 28, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n3p121.

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Green spaces in urban areas including in Dar es Salaam City provide multiple ecological, social and economic benefits. Despite their benefits they are inadequately documented in terms types, coverage and uses. This paper attempts to provide information on types, coverage and uses of green space in Dar es Salaam City. A number of methods including literature review, interpretation of remotely sensed image, interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires were used to document city greenery. The research findings show that residential greenery is made up of greenery found within and external to plots. The dominant green spaces external to residential plots were natural and semi natural vegetation while within plots were woody plants, plots farms vegetable and ornamental gardens. Distribution of greenery varied among the wards due to differences in building density and distance from the city centre. Natural and semi natural vegetation increased with decrease of building density and increase of distance from the city centre, while the number of plots with trees for shade increased with increase of building density. Only Kawe ward that had greenery above Tanzania space planning standards, the other three wards which are informal settlements had green space deficit. Three quarters of the households use green spaces for shade provision and cooling, two thirds as a source of food products and a quarter for recreation and aesthetic purposes. The study reveals that Dar es Salaam City residents invest predominantly on shade trees in their residential plots compared to other green space types.

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Anande, Doreen M., and Moon-Soo Park. "Impacts of Projected Urban Expansion on Rainfall and Temperature during Rainy Season in the Middle-Eastern Region in Tanzania." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101234.

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Future changes of land use and land cover (LULC) due to urbanization can cause variations in the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, affecting local climate and potentially worsening impact of such events. This work examines the local climatic impacts associated with projected urban expansion through simulations of rainfall and temperature over the rapidly growing city of the middle-eastern region in Tanzania. Simulations were conducted using a mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for a period of 10 days during the rainfall season in April 2018. The Global Forecasting System data of 0.25° resolution was used to simulate the WRF model in two-way nested domains at resolutions of 12 km and 4 km correspondingly. Urban and built-up areas under the current state, low urbanization (30%), and high urbanization (99%) scenarios were taken into account as LULC categories. As the urbanized area increased, daily mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures, as well as precipitation increased. Local circulation affected the spatial irregularities of air temperature and precipitation. Results imply that urbanization can amplify the impacts of future climate changes dramatically. These results can be applicable to the city planning to minimize the adverse effect of urbanization on temperature and precipitation.

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Wilfred G. Kazaura et al.,, Wilfred G. Kazaura et al ,. "The Public-Private Partnerships in Planning and Land Development, A Success Story? Case of Dar Es Salaam City and Kibaha Town, Tanzania." International Journal of Environment, Ecology, Family and Urban Studies 9, no. 4 (2019): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijeefusaug201910.

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Ndunguru, Teresia W., and Deogratias M. M. Mulungu. "Analysis of institutional arrangement for greywater management in unplanned settlements of Kinondoni municipality Tanzania." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 4 (October 26, 2015): 594–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.057.

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Greywater (GW) may contain pathogens and organics thereby calling for its management. Institutional arrangement (IA) is the heart of planning, coordination and management of initiatives. Analysis of IA is key for determination of what could be rectified within organisations based on the existing structure, resources, strategies, data and information, stakeholder participation and involvement, policy and by-laws. Kinondoni municipality has the largest population of the three municipalities in Dar es Salaam city. In this study, the IA for GW management in Kinondoni municipality was analysed using weighted strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). The weights for the SWOT criteria were obtained from field interviews with households and key informants, and then integrated using expert judgement. Overall, from the analysis matrix, the SWOT was towards weaknesses (73%) and opportunities (60%). Weaknesses were largely due to internal factors, others were lack of horizontal and vertical coordination, accountability, and stakeholder participation. With respect to GW management, these results revealed that there is inadequacy in the existing institutional structure, which accelerates poor performance in GW management practices in Kinondoni municipality. Accordingly, this study proposed an IA that induces stakeholder involvement and participation, accountability mechanisms and collaboration between departments in GW management.

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Bahendwa, Fortunatus. "Relevance of Walking and Informal Activities in Urban Space: A Case of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (July 30, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n4p43.

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The design discourse mostly in developing world cities tends to commit walking as the concern for transportation purpose. This notion tends to dismiss walking as an extended conception of urban space and take it for granted which allow elements of informal walking fields to emerge. This orients walking in the lines of a mere ‘street sidewalk’ rather than an important element in enhancing urban space in terms of environmental quality, access and use of urban space and everyday life realities. The empirical study in Dar es Salaam show that the gap in walking provision seem to be filled by the informal actors in urban space struggling to create the informal walking spheres in which trading, vending, meeting and recreating take place. Such observations draw a lesson that such informal developed urban activities along the streets and the urban space have not been disassociated from walking. The paper recognizes the essence of such integration of walking with other activities in urban space. It is thus concluded that urban design discourse have to conceive walking, including its contextual elements, as integral component in the field of urban public space that connect with other urban functions rather than isolate it from them.

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Marobhe, Nancy Jotham. "Critical review of water supply services in urban and rural areas of Tanzania." Water Policy 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2007): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.029.

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Despite several reforms in the water sector coupled with significant external financial assistance for water development projects, a large population in Tanzania faces water supply problems. This paper analyses issues and problems pertaining to urban and rural water supply services in Tanzania by citing examples from Dar es Salaam City and Singida rural district. Desk study, field visits, discussions and personal observations were used for collecting information. Water supply coverage is 73% and 53% for urban and rural areas, respectively. Only 30% of the population in Dar es Salaam is served by piped water. The unserved poorer segments of the population pay higher for water services. The water distribution systems are worn out and account for 60% of water loss. Inadequate coverage of water supply is associated with prevalence of waterborne diseases. Urban water authorities are inefficient in financial management. Water tariffs are low, ranging between US$ 0.25 and US$ 0.35/m3/month and unregistered customers exceed 110, 000. Singida rural water sources include dams, shallow and deep wells. About 70% of installed pumps are impaired owing to poor management. Rural populations use polluted sources which are purified using local seeds. Finally the paper gives recommendations for improving water supply services.

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Mtwangi-Limbumba, Tatu, Lisa B. Herslund, and Wilbard J. Kombe. "The Institutional Challenges and Opportunities for Adopting Landscape-Based Storm Water Management Options in Informal Settlements - Dar Es Salaam City." Journal of Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v12n2p46.

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Increased flooding caused by climate change impacts is a challenge for many cities both in developing and developed countries. The existing storm water drainage systems in place have to be physically constructed and expanded to meet the water run-off challenge. This is an expensive run-off management undertaking for resource poor countries such as Tanzania. Landscape based storm water management (LSM) is put forward as a sustainable option to manage storm water run-off and it also addresses water scarcity problems in under-served urban settlement. However its implementation in cities that are faced with informal residential development is challenging because among other things, LSM requires land for implementation as well as the collaboration of different institutions, disciplines and actors. Drawing from data and information obtained from the Water Resilient Green Cities Africa (WGA) Project in two cities of Africa, this paper explores the planning and institutional challenges for LSM in Dar es Salaam, a rapidly urbanising city. The paper also presents opportunities inherent in the process some of which suggest that local institutions offer a critical platform to collaboratively plan and implement LSM in rapidly urbanising cities.

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Molony, Thomas. "Struggling for Health in the City: An anthropological inquiry of health, vulnerability and resilience in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, by Brigit Obrist." African Affairs 106, no. 424 (June 25, 2007): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adm026.

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Loeng, Martin. "Foreigners, fakes and flycatchers: stereotypes, social encounters and the problem of discomfort on the street in Arusha, Tanzania." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 14, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-10-2019-0182.

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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to research on the interrelations between urban tourism, travelling and landscapes. It shows how young visitors to the tourism-reliant city of Arusha, northern Tanzania, experience and interpret discomfiting encounters with street sellers by drawing on stereotypes circulating in guidebooks, online forums and in the tourism industry. In turn, such re-interpreted encounters are increasingly seen as problematic for the city’s development of urban tourism. Design/methodology/approach The author draws on extensive ethnographic fieldwork with tourist-product street sellers in Arusha and Moshi, Tanzania in 2015–2017. With detail-oriented focus on social interaction and communication, the author has used participant observation and interviews to understand the perspectives and actions involved. Complementing this, the author draws on interviews with tour companies and local authorities to connect everyday occurrences with broader political, economic and urban transformations. Findings This paper explores the interrelation between changing urban landscapes, gentrification and burgeoning urban tourism by highlighting not only how streets are created and sought to be re-created but how also re-interpreted stories and stereotypes fundamentally influence how it is understood by local authorities. As the consumption of place, shopping and foreigners’ experiences take centre stage in Arusha’s urban development project, practices and people that are re-interpreted as causes of discomfort, become objects of ordering and discipline. Originality/value This paper emphasizes that the social encounters beyond dichotomies of host–guest relationships are a fruitful and important means of investigating how “encounters” connect space to power, the street to urban planning and mundane on-the-street interactions to processes of transformation and gentrification. This paper presents a reading of “landscapes” not as a text, but as a series of encounters that catch our attention when and where they break our norms, or the norms of others.

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Bahendwa, Fortunatus. "The Influence of Users’ Popular Traditions in Residential Design The Case of Mlalakuwa Settlement in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 2 (March 30, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n2p53.

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It is mostly noted that the design for residential purpose is professionally considered universal, distinct and specific. The socio-economic, cultural and traditional aspects which affect the house users’ requirements and hence the residential designs seem to be considered by professionals’ standpoint as a mere user’s ignorance and lack of access to suitable designs. In this respect, the attributes of vernacular and traditional architecture are sought to unpack the intrinsic relevance to contemporary architecture of residential design within the local context. The case study has been conducted in Dar es Salaam city assessing the local residential house owners’ requirements aiming to understand the social, economic and cultural factors which impact the architecture of residential designs. The findings show that residential designs and use are dynamic and likely to transform based on the owners’ evolving socio-cultural, economic and spatial requirements which highlight the relevance of vernacular and traditional architecture. This trend raises the professional concern on the need for further interrogation of current residential architecture approach. Thus, it has been concluded that professionals perspective should opt for less control of residential requirements and emphasise the recognition of socio-economic and cultural aspects which aspire for flexibility of form, function and spatial organization and facilitate design control by the house owner. Such revelation indicate the validity of vernacular and traditional architectural approach which integrate the local knowledge, optimum utilization of resources, nature and built environment.

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Burra, Marco, Wilfred G. Kazaura, and Mswani Laurent. "The Role of Private Planning Firms in Provision of Public Spaces in Planned Residential Neighbourhoods: The Case of Dar es Salaam City and Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania." Current Urban Studies 07, no. 03 (2019): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cus.2019.73021.

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Krüger, Fred, Alexandra Titz, Raphael Arndt, Franziska Groß, Franziska Mehrbach, Vanessa Pajung, Lorenz Suda, Martina Wadenstorfer, and Laura Wimmer. "The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dar es Salaam: A Pilot Study on Critical Infrastructure, Sustainable Urban Development and Livelihoods." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031058.

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Inner-city transportation looms large in big cities in the so-called Global South due to rapid population and urban growth. To tackle this challenge, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system was implemented in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) in 2016. This paper reports on the results of a pilot study on the impacts of the BRT on city development and livelihoods in Dar. Our pilot study, which is part of the collaborative research project LIPSINDAR (Linking Partners for a Sustainable and Inclusive Dar es Salaam), was not designed to provide a comprehensive insight into the problems of urban planning, infrastructure modification and their impact on urban livelihoods. Rather, using the example of Dar es Salaam, the study served as an entry point to highlight challenges and future research demands in the context of urban insecurities and risks in large cities of the Global South. In particular, our study investigated the BRT as an element of critical infrastructure in Dar es Salaam and probed into its impact on residents’ livelihoods, focusing on the influence of service disruptions on everyday routines, and on different stakeholders’ views on the functionality of the BRT. Elaborating on this topic, interviews, street vendor surveys and mappings were used as methods to describe the processes. To examine the results more closely, the outcome was divided into groups of different fields of activity, namely Traffic Management, Local Residents, City Administration, Basic Provision Services and Street Vendors. In summary, the pilot study confirms that the implementation of the BRT system has, in general, served to improve urban livelihoods. Reducing commuting times and enhancing access to basic services found positive results. There is, however, still potential for improvement: the bus network, in particular, needs to be expanded and the vulnerability to natural extreme events, especially flooding, needs to be addressed.

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O'Loghlen, Aisling, and Chris McWilliams. "The nexus of displacement, asset vulnerability and the Right to the City: the case of the refugees and urban poor of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania." International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2016.1254088.

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Brennan, James R. "Emily Callaci, Street Archives and City Life: popular intellectuals in postcolonial Tanzania. Durham NC: Duke University Press (hb US$99.95 – 978 0 8223 6984 4; pb US$26.95 – 978 0 8223 6991 2). 2017, x + 286 pp." Africa 91, no. 2 (February 2021): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972021000115.

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Lewinson, Anne. "Imagining the Metropolis, Globalizing the Nation: Dar Es Salaam and national culture in Tanzanian cartoons." City Society 15, no. 1 (January 2003): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/city.2003.15.1.9.

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CALLACI, EMILY. "‘Chief village in a nation of villages’: history, race and authority in Tanzania's Dodoma plan." Urban History 43, no. 1 (January 13, 2015): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926814000753.

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ABSTRACTThis article explores how notions of African authenticity informed urban planning in post-colonial Africa. It examines an attempt by Tanzania's ruling party to build a new national capital in the sparsely populated region of Dodoma. Paradoxically, Dodoma's planners sought to build a modern African city based on the social principles of the traditional African village. This vision of African village authenticity legitimized Tanzania's ruling party by linking its authority to a purely African, rather than colonial, past. At the same time, it allowed politicians to criminalize urban poverty by attributing it to racial betrayal rather than broader structural failures.

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Callaci, Emily. "Street Textuality: Socialism, Masculinity, and Urban Belonging in Tanzania's Pulp Fiction Publishing Industry, 1975–1985." Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, no. 1 (January 2017): 183–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417516000578.

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AbstractFrom the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s, a network of young urban migrant men created an underground pulp fiction publishing industry in the city of Dar es Salaam. As texts that were produced in the underground economy of a city whose trajectory was increasingly charted outside of formalized planning and investment, these novellas reveal more than their narrative content alone. These texts were active components in the urban social worlds of the young men who produced them. They reveal a mode of urbanism otherwise obscured by narratives of decolonization, in which urban belonging was constituted less by national citizenship than by the construction of social networks, economic connections, and the crafting of reputations. This article argues that pulp fiction novellas of socialist era Dar es Salaam are artifacts of emergent forms of male sociability and mobility. In printing fictional stories about urban life on pilfered paper and ink, and distributing their texts through informal channels, these writers not only described urban communities, reputations, and networks, but also actually created them.

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Coetzer, Andre, Terence P. Scott, Khadija Noor, Lambert F. Gwenhure, and Louis H. Nel. "A Novel Integrated and Labile eHealth System for Monitoring Dog Rabies Vaccination Campaigns." Vaccines 7, no. 3 (September 9, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7030108.

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The elimination of canine rabies through the implementation of high coverage mass dog vaccination campaigns is a complex task, particularly in the resource-limited countries of the rabies endemic world. Here we demonstrated the feasibility of applying targeted rabies vaccination campaigns to deliver more impactful intervention campaigns in resource-limited settings using evidence and lessons learnt from other diseases. With the use of strategic rabies intervention programs, we demonstrate the noteworthy reduction of rabies cases in two very different African settings. The strategic intervention was most significantly aided by the use of a custom-developed vaccination tracking device (the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) Data Logger) and an integrated rabies surveillance system (the Rabies Epidemiological Bulletin). Our first case study, an island-wide strategic dog vaccination on Tanzania’s Unguja island, reduced the incidence of rabies by 71% in the first 16 months of implementation. In the second case study, a similar approach was applied in the metropolitan capital city of Zimbabwe and the incidence of rabies declined by 13% during the first 13 months of implementation. The methodologies and results presented here suggest that, in resource-limited settings, an optimal approach towards the elimination of dog rabies would revolve around strategic interventions, subject to the use of appropriate planning, surveillance, and vaccination tools.

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Journal articles on the topic 'City planning – Tanzania'

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