Journal articles on the topic 'City Services Committee (2003- )'

Objective: to identify the occurrence of Occupational Accidents among women attended in a hospital in São Paulo city, characterizing them. Methods: observational, non-experimental and descriptive study, from quantitative approach. An instrument has been validated by experts for data collection; it were studied the patients’ charts from 2002 to 2003, in an Emergency Unit of a teaching hospital of the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Clinics Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo (4799/2004). Results: 82 women were victims of 117 Occupational Accidents. Most of the 82 female Occupational Accidents victims were between 25-40 years old (52.78%); 47.56% were married. Most of the women were nursing technicians and aides (29,27% each). Most of the Occupational Accidents (32.93%) were caused by falls. Conclusions: suggestions are presented to minimize these events, in terms of protecting women’s work and train health professionals to enable them to offer better care to these accident victims. Descriptors: occupational health; female work; emergency medical services.

Mark Aaron Polger is the First Year Outreach Librarian at the College of Staten Island, City University of New York (CUNY), where his responsibilities include promoting library services and resources as well as providing instruction to first year students. Polger is also an Information Literacy Instructor at ASA College. His research interests include library marketing, outreach, and user experience design. He is active in LLAMA as the chair of the PR XChange Committee as well as the co-chair of the Annual PR XChange Awards Competition. Regionally, he is an active executive board member of ACRL/NY (Association of College and Research Libraries, Greater Metropolitan New York Area), where he serves on the planning committee of the annual symposium and co-chairs the User Experience Discussion Group. Locally, he co-chairs meetings in New York City for ACRL National’s Library Marketing and Outreach Interest Group. He is also a member of the planning committee of the annual Library Marketing and Communications Conference (LMCC). He is co-chair of the LACUNY (Library Association of the CUNY) Library Marketing and Outreach Roundtable Discussion Group.Currently, Polger is the founder and editor-in-chief of the new open-access, peer-reviewed Marketing Libraries Journal, which was launched in fall 2017.Originally from Montreal, Canada, Polger holds a BA in Sociology from Concordia University (1999), an MLIS from the University of Western Ontario (2000), an MA in Sociology from University of Waterloo (2004), and a BEd in Adult Education from Brock University (2009). He is currently a third-year PhD student in the Curriculum, Instruction, and the Science of Learning Program at SUNY University at Buffalo. He moved to New York City in 2008.The first issue of Marketing Libraries Journal was published in fall 2017. We wanted to ask Mark about his inspiration to create this new publication.—Editors

Objective: to know the opinion of female adolescents who have become pregnant and were enrolled in a Health Agents Program in Osasco city, São Paulo, Brazil, about strategies used in the public health field in order to reduce teenage pregnancy in the community they live. Methods: descriptive and qualitative study using focal group conducted by a semi-structured script with four adolescents from Osasco city in March 2009. The study has been approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research of the University of São Paulo (764/2009). Results: the four participants mentioned both positive and negative aspects of becoming pregnant in adolescence and stated they were aware of how to avoid pregnancy, although they did not keep conversations about contraceptive choices with theirs partners. Health services were merely seen as a place for contraceptive methods distribution. Conclusion: adolescents mentioned fragile bond with the health services and did not recognize them as partners for promoting their sexual and reproduction health. Descriptors: pregnancy in adolescence; health centers; sexual and reproductive health.

Aim: To identify the factors involved in absenteeism in a steel industry in the city of São Jose dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethics Committee in a steel industry. Worker's detailed information regarding absenteeism was obtained from the Health Department files, from January 2005 to December 2008. Specifical data were: sex, function, certificate type (medical or dental), the working sector, according to the Large Groups (LG) of Brazilian Classification of Occupations - 2002, working periods, duration of absenteeism (lost days), the main causes of absenteeism (International Classification of Diseases ICD-10). Results: A total of 570 workers were recorded. The majority of workers were males (97%), with medical certificate (97%), LG-7 workers in the production of industrial goods and services (62.09%), and operators of industrial machinery (68.3%) and the working period was Shift 4 - Monday to Friday from 8 am to 12 am and 1 pm to 5 pm (44.43 %). The total duration of absenteeism was 3,187 days, the main causes of diseases being problemas in the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (18.48%), respiratory diseases (17.11%), injuries, poisoning and other external causes (11.24%), and diseases of the digestive tract (11.24%). Conclusions: It was concluded that there was under-reporting of absenteeism due to dental causes (41 events) during the study period. More studies in this field are required.

The state of development of the tourism industry in Ukraine for the period 2007- 2017 is analyzed. It is established that it does not correspond to the existing potential of tourist resources, and the economic efficiency of the tourism industry is low. One of the main reasons for this situation is the lack of theoretical understanding of the socio-economic nature of tourism as a social phenomenon and its economic significance as a profitable industry. The tourism industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy. This increases the competitiveness of countries and regions, creating new jobs and improving living standards. It is proved that self-regulation of the tourist market is a necessary condition for its functioning. The dynamics of export-import of tourist services of Ukraine is analyzed. There is a tendency to a slight increase in the cost of services in the last years of the study period. In the interaction “government regulation - market” the primary link is the market, and government regulation is a tool that provides the general conditions of its existence, equalizes the conditions of the start of its subjects and eliminates, if possible, the negative manifestations of the market element. The activities of the tourism industry in Ukraine are analyzed. There is a tendency to reduce the number of enterprises in the tourism industry in recent years of the study period. The rating of tour operators by the number of served tourists and by the reviews of tourists is analyzed. The place and role of the Ukrainian tourism business in the world market of tourist services has been identified. The situation on the world market of tourist services of Ukraine is considered and it is concluded that one of the favorable conditions for tourism development in Ukraine was the adoption of visa-free regime with EU countries, the tourist market gradually recovered after the crisis of 2014, and Ukrainians begin to conquer Europe. 2017 can be called the year of tourism development in Ukraine: the flow increased rapidly, and the number of permits for sale, according to the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine, increased by 36%. Citizens of Ukraine who went abroad formed the group that used the services of tourism entities the most. It was found that the largest number of tourism entities is concentrated in the city of Kyiv and in Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv and Odessa regions.

This study aim to attempt mapping out the Land Use or Land Cover (LULC) status of Regional Project Coordination Committee (RPCC) between 2009-2019 with a view of detecting the land consumption rate and the changes that has taken place using RS and GIS techniques; serving as a precursor to the further study on urban induced variations or change in weather pattern of the cityn Rangpur City Corporation(RCC) is the main administrative functional area for both of Rangpur City and Rangpur division and experiencing a rapid changes in the field of urban sprawl, cultural and physical landscape,city growth. These agents of Land use or Land cover (LULC) varieties are responsible for multi-dimensional problems such as traffic congestion, waterlogging, and solid waste disposal, loss of agricultural land. In this regard, this study fulfills LULC changes by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) as well as field survey was conducted for the measurement of change detection. The sources of data were Landsat 7 ETM and landsat 8 OLI/TIRS of both C1 level 1. Then after correcting the data, geometrically and radiometrically change detection and combined classification (supervised & unsupervised) were used. The study finds LULC changes built-up area, water source, agricultural land, bare soil in a change of percentage is 17.23, 2.58, -9.94, -10.19 respectively between 2009 and 2019. Among these changes, bare soil is changed to a great extent, which indicates the expansion of urban areas is utilizing the land to a proper extent. Keywords: Urban expansion; land use; land cover; remote sensing; geographic information system (GIS); Rangpur City Corporation(RCC). References Al Rifat, S. A., & Liu, W. (2019). Quantifying spatiotemporal patterns and major explanatory factors of urban expansion in miami metropolitan area during 1992-2016. Remote Sensing, 11(21) doi:10.3390/rs11212493 Arimoro AO, Fagbeja MA, Eedy W. (2002). The Need and Use of Geographic Information Systems for Environmental Impact Assessment in Africa: With Example from Ten Years Experience in Nigeria. AJEAM/RAGEE, 4(2), 16-27. Belal, A.A. and Moghanm, F.S. (2011).Detecting Urban Growth Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Al Gharbiya Governorate, Egypt.The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 14, 73-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2011.09.001 Dewan, A.M. and Yamaguchi, Y. (2009). Using Remote Sensing and GIS to Detect and Monitor and Use and Land Cover Change in Dhaka Metropolitan of Bangladesh during 1960-2005. Environmental Monitor Assessment, 150, 237- 249. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0226-5 Djimadoumngar, K.-N., & Adegoke, J. (2018). Satellite-Based Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) Changes around Lake Fitri, Republic of Chad. Journal of Sustainable Development, 11(5), 71. doi:10.5539/jsd.v11n5p71 Edwards, B., Frasch, T., & Jeyacheya, J. (2019). Evaluating the effectiveness of land-use zoning for the protection of built heritage in the bagan archaeological zone, Myanmar—A satellite remote-sensing approach. Land use Policy, 88 doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104174 Fallati, L., Savini, A., Sterlacchini, S., & Galli, P. (2017). Land use and land cover (LULC) of the Republic of the Maldives: first national map and LULC change analysis using remote-sensing data. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(8). doi:10.1007/s10661-017-6120-2 Fučík, P., Novák, P., & Žížala, D. (2014). A combined statistical approach for evaluation of the effects of land use, agricultural and urban activities on stream water chemistry in small tile-drained catchments of south bohemia, czech republic. Environmental Earth Sciences, 72(6), 2195-2216. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3131-y Elbeih, S. F., & El-Zeiny, A. M. (2018). Qualitative assessment of groundwater quality based on land use spectral retrieved indices: Case study sohag governorate, egypt. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 10, 82-92. doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2018.03.001 Fasal, S. (2000). Urban expansion and loss of agricultural land – A GIS based study of Saharanpur City, India. Environment and Urbanization, 12(2), 133 – 149 He, S., Wang, X., Dong, J., Wei, B., Duan, H., Jiao, J., & Xie, Y. (2019). Three-dimensional urban expansion analysis of valley-type cities: A case study of chengguan district, lanzhou, china. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(20) doi:10.3390/su11205663 Heimlich, R.E and W.D. Anderson. (2001). 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(2008). Impact of land use and land cover change on the water balance of a large agricultural watershed: Historical effects and future directions. Water Resources Research, 44(7). doi:10.1029/2007wr006644 Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

This study seeks (1) to explore local government strategies in selecting personnel for strategic positions; (2) studying the role of the RPA (Regional Personnel Agency) in carrying out the Decency and Appropriateness Test of personnel applying for the "Position Auction"; (3) studying the role of the Sekwilda in conducting the fit and proper test; (4) searching for the fit and proper test models according to local characteristics. The agenda for improving Indonesia's public sector becomes a necessity if it is linked to developments and current demands, such as good governance, professionalism, transparency, accountability, ethical and moral enforcement in the delivery of public services (Milakovich and Gordon, 2007 in Nurprojo, 2014). The improvement of the Indonesian bureaucracy through the enactment of the State Civil Apparatus Law is expected to be able to realize a better Indonesian bureaucracy through the performance of professional civil servants based on competence and competition by establishing a merit system in State Civil Apparatus management. This study uses a qualitative paradigm by relying on researchers as data collectors through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. In-depth interviews were conducted with local elites (Head of the Regional Personnel Agency, Staff of the Regional Personnel Agency, Members of the Regional People's Representative Council, Members of the Selection Committee, Non-Governmental Organizations, the media and intellectuals) who were concerned with local governance. This is done to determine the implementation of the propriety test and due diligence in the context of filling strategic positions in the regions.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relevant aspects of patients with male breast cancer. Method: this is a study of case series, cross-sectional quantitative, descriptive and retrospective, based on the analysis of records in two specialized services in the city of Recife, from August 1989 to August 2008. Approved by the Research Ethics Committee in Oswaldo Cruz Hospital under the protocol: 86/2008. Results: 17 records of confirmed cases was researched. The average age of the patients studied was 63 years old, with 11 cases in stage II (64.7%). The main complaint was found in 10 men (58.82%) who reported the presence of painless lumps. Between the perception of changes in the breast and the demand to a specialized care, the average time was 7 months. The risk factors surveyed were estrogen therapy, obesity, gynecomastia and family history. Conclusion: the study found the necessity of alerting the population, the scientific community and the public agencies for early diagnosis, in order to implement actions focused on human health. Descriptors: breast neoplasms; male; risk factors; case studies; men´s health.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar aspectos relevantes de pacientes com câncer de mama masculino. Método: trata-se de um estudo tipo série de casos, transversal quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo, a partir de análise de prontuários, em dois serviços especializados da cidade do Recife, no período de agosto de 1989 a agosto de 2008. Aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz sob o protocolo Nº 86/2008. Resultados: foram pesquisados 17 prontuários de casos confirmados. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 63 anos, estando 11 casos no estádio II (64,7%). Como queixa principal, 10 homens (58,82%) relataram a presença de nódulo indolor. O tempo médio, entre a percepção de alterações na mama e a procura de atendimento especializado, foi de sete meses. Os fatores de risco levantados foram estrogenoterapia, obesidade, ginecomastia e histórico familiar. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou a necessidade de alertar a população, comunidade científica e órgãos públicos para o diagnóstico precoce, a fim de poder implementar, em tempo, políticas públicas voltadas à saúde do homem. Descritores: câncer de mama; masculino; fatores de risco; estudo de casos; saúde do homem. RESUMENObjetivo: analizar aspectos relevantes en pacientes con cáncer de mama masculino. Método: se trata de un estudio tipo serie de casos, transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo y retrospectivo, a partir de un análisis de los registros médicos, en dos servicios especializados de la ciudad de Recife, desde agosto de 1989 hasta agosto de 2008. Aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Hospital Oswaldo Cruz, bajo Protocolo 86/2008. Resultados: se investigó 17 casos de registros médicos sobre casos confirmados. La edad media de los pacientes era de 63 años, con 11 casos en la fase II (el 64,7%). Diez hombres (el 58,82%) informaron como queja principal la presencia de nódulo indoloro. El tiempo medio entre la percepción de alteraciones en la mama y la búsqueda de la atención especializada fue de sete meses. Los factores de riesgo detectados fueron la terapia con estrógenos, la obesidad, la ginecomastia y los antecedentes familiares. Conclusión: el estudio demostró la necesidad de alertar a la población, a la comunidad científica y a los órganos públicos sobre la necesidad de un diagnóstico precoz, con el fin de poder implementar a tiempo las políticas públicas dirigidas a la salud del hombre. Descriptores: cáncer de mama; masculino; factores de riesgo; estudio de casos; salud del hombre.

ABSTRACTObjective: to characterize middle level nursing in the area of pediatrics, in hospitals of the public health network in Recife-PE, Brazil. Method: this is about a cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive study from quantitative approach, carried out in four hospitals in the city of Recife which had demand for the ‘Sistema Unico de Saude’ (SUS) – Single Health System – and had continued education services, with 411 middle level nursing professionals. Data collection was carried out from April to July of 2003, using a structured form, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of the Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, with protocol n.7/2002. The forms were digitalized using the program EPI-INFO (version 6.0) with univaried descriptive analysis of the data, calculating the frequency distribution with the construction of tables. Results: the sample was predominantly feminine, ages between 27 and 38, with one single job and income of around 1 or 2 minimum salaries. Most of them already participated in continued education programs. However, what was surprising was the number of professionals that had never participated in such events. Conclusion: the discussions about having a continued education process need to be deepened in the institutions to maintain high nursing assistance quality. Descriptors: permanent education; nursing assistants; profile.RESUMOObjetivo: caracterizar o perfil do nível médio de enfermagem atuante na área de pediatria em hospitais da rede pública de saúde em Recife-PE. Método: estudo transversal, exploratório, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado em quatro hospitais da cidade do Recife-PE com demanda pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e que possuíam serviço de educação continuada, com 411 profissionais do nível médio de enfermagem, cuja coleta de dados foi de abril a julho de 2003, usando um formulário estruturado após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Agamenon Magalhães com protocolo n.7/2002. Os formulários foram digitados no programa EPI-INFO (versão 6.0) com análise descritiva univariada dos dados, calculando-se a distribuição de frequência, com construção de tabelas. Resultados: amostra predominantemente feminina, com idade entre 27 e 38 anos de idade, com um único vínculo empregatício e renda em torno de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. A maioria já participou de programas de educação continuada. No entanto, chamou atenção o número de profissionais que nunca participou de tais eventos. Conclusão: as discussões sobre o processo de educação continuada necessitam ser aprofundadas nas instituições para manter a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. Descritores: educação permanente; auxiliares de enfermagem; perfil.RESUMENObjetivo: caracterizar el perfíl del nivel medio de enfermería actuante en la área de pediatría en hospitales de la red pública de salud en Recife-PE. Método: estudio transversal, exploratório, descriptivo de abordaje quantitativo. Fué realizado en cuatro hospitales de la ciudad de Recife-PE con demanda por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS), que posuían servicio de educación continuada, con 411 profesionales de nivel medio de enfermería. La colecta de datos fué de abril a julio de 2003, usando un formulário estructurado después de aprovación del Comité de Ética en Investigación del Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, con protocolo n.7/2002. Los formulários fueron digitalizados usando el programa EPI-INFO (versión 6.0) con análisis descriptiva univariada de los datos, calculandose la distribuición de frecuencia, con construcción de tablillas. Resultados: muestra predominantemente feminina, con edad entre 27 y 38 años, con un único vínculo de empleo y renta alrededor de 1 a 2 salarios mínimos. La mayoría ya participó de programas de educación continuada. No obstante, llamó la atención el número de profesionales que nunca participó de tales eventos. Conclusión: las discusiones sobre el proceso de educación continuada necesitan ser aprofundadas en las instituciones para mantener la cualidad de la asistencia de enfermería. Descriptores: educación permanente; auxiliares de enfermería; perfil.

<p class="xl24"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Keputusan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 80 Tahun 2003 tentang pedoman pengadaan barang/jasa pemerintah, pasal 14, ayat 10 tertulis bahwa dalam proses prakualifikasi/pascakualifikasi panitia/pejabat pengadaan tidak boleh melarang, menghambat, dan membatasi keikutsertaan calon peserta pengadaan/barang dari luar propinsi/kabupaten/kota lokasi pengadaan barang/jasa. Dengan tidak membatasi keikutsertaan tersebut dapat mengakibatkan kontraktor setempat tidak akan mendapatkan pekerjaan konstruksi, dengan kemampuannya terbatas baik kemampuan modal, peralatan dan personil untuk meningkatkan kualitas pekerjaan. Bila dibandingkan dengan kontraktor yang berasal dari luar propinsi/kabupaten/kota yang pada umumnya lebih unggul memiliki kemampuan modal, keunggulan teknologi, tenaga yang profesional, pengalaman kerja, serta kualitas pekerjaan yang lebih baik. Kriteria kualitas pada setiap perusahaan tidak sama, demikian pula masing-masing konsumen memiliki kriteria yang berbeda terkait dengan kualitas. Dalam industri jasa konstruksi komponen–komponen yang mendukung kualitas pekerjaan adalah kualifikasi kontraktor yang memilki modal, sumber daya peralatan, sumber daya manusia, dan pengalaman perusahaan.</p><p>Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan awal, masih ada kesan dari pihak pengguna anggaran/pejabat pembuat komitmen (Pemilik proyek) dan konsultan perencana/pengawas bahwa masih banyak kelemahan pada kontraktor di Kota Semarang dalam menyelesaikan proyek konstruksi seperti Pimpinan perusahaan kurang memiliki pengalaman dan pengertian tentang konstruksi serta tidak memiliki pengetahuan tentang masalah keuangan dan manajemen perusahaan, tingkat pendidikan yang kebanyakan tamatan SMU, tidak banyak memiliki modal dasar, tenaga ahli perusahaan tidak memiliki sertifikasi ketrampilan kerja dan sertifikasi keahlian kerja dan sering tidak berada di lokasi proyek, peralatan kerja kurang memadai. Sedangkan dari segi kualitas, waktu pelaksanaan sering terlambat dan hasil pekerjaan sering menyimpang dari spesifikasi teknik yang ditetapkan. Apabila informasi awal ini benar maka dapat dipastikan bahwa kualitas pekerjaan proyek konstruksi kurang sesuai dengan apa yang diisyaratkan dalam dokumen kontrak dan dokumen lelang terutama spesifikasi teknik. Berdasarkan penelitian faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kualifikasi kontraktor terhadap kualitas pekerjaan proyek konstruksi di Kota Semarang adalah Faktor sumber daya manusi, faktor keuangan dan faktor kepemilikan peralatan. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan lagi untuk mengetahui karakteristik keseluruh kontraktor di Kota Semarang dengan meningkatkan daya saing kontraktor Kualifikasi M kebawah perlu meningkatkan kualifikasi pendidikan dan pengalaman tenaga kerjanya dan meningkatkan kualitas pekerjaan kontraktor perlu ditingkatkan faktor kualitas sumber daya manusia dan modal kontraktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas pekerjaan.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>The law on construction services has been in effect for seventeen years, but the world of constructi</em> <em>Presidential Decree No. 80/2003 on guidelines on procurement of government goods / services, article 14, paragraph 10 states that in the prequalification / post-qualification process the procuring committee shall not prohibit, restrict and limit the participation of prospective procurement participants from outside the province / regency / city location of procurement of goods / services. Without limiting such participation may result in local contractors not obtaining construction work, with limited capability both for capital, equipment and personnel to improve the quality of work. Compared to contractors from outside the provinces / regencies / cities which are generally superior to have capital capability, technological superiority, professional manpower, work experience, and better job quality. The quality criteria for each company are not the same, so each customer has different criteria related to quality. In the construction services industry the components that support the quality </em></p><pre><em>of work are qualified contractors who have capital, equipment resources, human resources, and company experience.</em></pre><p><em>Based on preliminary observations, there is still an impression from the users of the budget / commitment-making official (Project owner) and planner / supervisor consultant that there are still many weaknesses to the contractor in Semarang City in completing construction projects such as the Head of the company lacking experience and understanding of construction and not have knowledge of financial and corporate management issues, education level which is mostly high school graduates, do not have many basic capital, company experts do not have job skill certification and certification of work expertise and often are not in project location, work equipment is inadequate. While in terms of quality, implementation time is often too late and work results often deviate from the specified technical specifications. If preliminary information is true then it can be ensured that the quality of construction project work is less in line with what is indicated in contract documents and auction documents especially technical specifications. Based on the research, the factors that most influence the qualification of contractor to the quality of construction project work in Semarang City are human resource factor, financial factor and equipment ownership factor. For that need to be developed again to know the characteristics of all contractors in the city of Semarang by improving the competitiveness of contractors Qualifications M down need to improve the qualifications of education and experience of his workforce and improve the quality of contractor work should be improved quality factor of human resources and contractor capital affecting the quality of work</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><pre> </pre>

This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews to provide a sociological life history of a man the author calls George. George lived on Atlantic City’s streets between 1995 and 2009. Instead of accessing available social services, George stayed outside year-round, even during the cold winter months. He obtained small amounts of money by begging for spare change and slept in alleyways, casino bus terminals, underneath the Boardwalk, and behind garbage dumpsters until his death. George’s story reveals how someone who likely would have been committed during the era depicted in Goffman’s Asylums (1961) had viable alternatives to confinement within an institution. This article has two aims. First, it adds empirical depth to literature on working-age, unhoused men disconnected from formal labor markets and social service systems. A second, more analytical aim is to extend our thinking about Goffman’s concept of moral career.

In 1957-1960, the mass construction of one-story attics and two-story buildings began to solve the problem of providing housing for workers of newly established enterprises. Lviv architects on a competitive basis designed a number of projects, on the basis of which the State Construction Committee of the UkrSSR proposed to the Lviv branch of Dipromist on their basis to develop a unified series of projects of typical one-and two-storey buildings. 136 hectares of land were allocated for housing construction, on which, according to the city master plan, low-rise buildings are planned. It was planned to build houses and separate groups on undeveloped sites in the old residential areas where there were already utilities. New housing construction with a high level of engineering equipment contributes to the improvement of working areas. In residential areas, the construction of schools, children's institutions, cinemas, clinics, shops, consumer services is planned. - Levandivka is transformed into a landscaped village. The quarters are planned according to the manor type. The area of ​​the plot is 0.06 - 0.08 hectares per one-apartment house, ie - 0.03 - 0.04 ha per apartment. It should be noted that the architects of Lviv in their functional-spatial and architectural-planning solutions used the experience of low-rise construction of the period of functionalism of Lviv in the 1930s. Today, many enterprises, near which low-rise buildings were built, have ceased to exist, and multi-storey residential and public buildings are being built on their territory. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period have also been lost, and part is in the process of transformation. Didyk V. and Morklyanyk O. (2003-2018) studies the socio-political preconditions of housing design and construction, localization of construction in the spatial structure of Lviv, analysis of architectural-planning and stylistic solutions of housing and its architectural-spatial transformation. The article analyzes the individual and typical projects of low-rise buildings and notes that despite the simple facades, the houses are architecturally quite expressive. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period has been lost, part is in the stage of transformation and a small part is still preserved almost unchanged. Therefore, those fragments of low-rise buildings and individual houses that still retain architectural expressiveness and functional aesthetics should be preserved as monuments of urban art, architecture and culture.

1. Introduction This Special Issue (Part 2) expands upon the theme “Building Local Capacity for Long-term Disaster Resilience” presented in Special Issue Part 1 (JDR Volume 5, Number 2, April 2010) by examining the evolving concept of disaster resilience and providing additional reflections upon various aspects of its meaning. Part 1 provided a mixed set of examples of resiliency efforts, ranging from administrative challenges of integrating resilience into recovery to the analysis of hazard mitigation plans directed toward guiding local capability for developing resiliency. Resilience was broadly defined in the opening editorial of Special Issue Part 1 as “the capacity of a community to: 1) survive a major disaster, 2) retain essential structure and functions, and 3) adapt to post-disaster opportunities for transforming community structure and functions to meet new challenges.” In this editorial essay we first explore in Section 2 the history of resilience and then locate it within current academic and policy debates. Section 3 presents summaries of the papers in this issue. 2. Why is Resilience a Contemporary Theme? There is growing scholarly and policy interest in disaster resilience. In recent years, engineers [1], sociologists [2], geographers [3], economists [4], public policy analysts [5, 6], urban planners [7], hazards researchers [8], governments [9], and international organizations [10] have all contributed to the literature about this concept. Some authors view resilience as a mechanism for mitigating disaster impacts, with framework objectives such as resistance, absorption, and restoration [5]. Others, who focus on resiliency indicators, see it as an early warning system to assess community resiliency status [3, 8]. Recently, it has emerged as a component of social risk management that seeks to minimize social welfare loss from catastrophic disasters [6]. Manyena [11] traces scholarly exploration of resilience as an operational concept back at least five decades. Interest in resilience began in the 1940s with studies of children and trauma in the family and in the 1970s in the ecology literature as a useful framework to examine and measure the impact of assault or trauma on a defined eco-system component [12]. This led to modeling resilience measures for a variety of components within a defined ecosystem, leading to the realization that the systems approach to resiliency is attractive as a cross-disciplinary construct. The ecosystem analogy however, has limits when applied to disaster studies in that, historically, all catastrophic events have changed the place in which they occurred and a “return to normalcy” does not occur. This is true for modern urban societies as well as traditional agrarian societies. The adoption of “The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015” (also known as The Hyogo Declaration) provides a global linkage and follows the United Nations 1990s International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction effort. The 2005 Hyogo Declaration’s definition of resilience is: “The capacity of a system, community or society potentially exposed to hazards to adapt by resisting or changing in order to reach and maintain an acceptable level of functioning and structure.” The proposed measurement of resilience in the Hyogo Declaration is determined by “the degree to which the social system is capable of organizing itself to increase this capacity for learning from past disasters for better future protection and to improve risk reduction measures.” While very broad, this definition contains two key concepts: 1) adaptation, and 2) maintaining acceptable levels of functioning and structure. While adaptation requires certain capacities, maintaining acceptable levels of functioning and structure requires resources, forethought, and normative action. Some of these attributes are now reflected in the 2010 National Disaster Recovery Framework published by the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) [13]. With the emergence of this new thinking on resilience related to disasters, it is now a good time to reflect on the concept and assess what has recently been said in the literature. Bruneau et al. [1] offer an engineering sciences definition for community seismic resilience: “The ability of social units (e.g., organizations, communities) to mitigate hazards, contain the effects of disasters when they occur, and carry out recovery activities in ways that minimize social disruption and mitigate the effects of future earthquakes.” Rose [4] writes that resiliency is the ability of a system to recover from a severe shock. He distinguishes two types of resilience: (1) inherent – ability under normal circumstances and (2) adaptive – ability in crisis situations due to ingenuity or extra effort. By opening up resilience to categorization he provides a pathway to establish multi-disciplinary approaches, something that is presently lacking in practice. Rose is most concerned with business disruption which can take extensive periods of time to correct. In order to make resource decisions that lower overall societal costs (economic, social, governmental and physical), Rose calls for the establishment of measurements that function as resource decision allocation guides. This has been done in part through risk transfer tools such as private insurance. However, it has not been well-adopted by governments in deciding how to allocate mitigation resources. We need to ask why the interest in resilience has grown? Manyena [11] argues that the concept of resilience has gained currency without obtaining clarity of understanding, definition, substance, philosophical dimensions, or applicability to disaster management and sustainable development theory and practice. It is evident that the “emergency management model” does not itself provide sufficient guidance for policymakers since it is too command-and-control-oriented and does not adequately address mitigation and recovery. Also, large disasters are increasingly viewed as major disruptions of the economic and social conditions of a country, state/province, or city. Lowering post-disaster costs (human life, property loss, economic advancement and government disruption) is being taken more seriously by government and civil society. The lessening of costs is not something the traditional “preparedness” stage of emergency management has concerned itself with; this is an existing void in meeting the expanding interests of government and civil society. The concept of resilience helps further clarify the relationship between risk and vulnerability. If risk is defined as “the probability of an event or condition occurring [14]#8221; then it can be reduced through physical, social, governmental, or economic means, thereby reducing the likelihood of damage and loss. Nothing can be done to stop an earthquake, volcanic eruption, cyclone, hurricane, or other natural event, but the probability of damage and loss from natural and technological hazards can be addressed through structural and non-structural strategies. Vulnerability is the absence of capacity to resist or absorb a disaster impact. Changes in vulnerability can then be achieved by changes in these capacities. In this regard, Franco and Siembieda describe in this issue how coastal cities in Chile had low resilience and high vulnerability to the tsunami generated by the February 2010 earthquake, whereas modern buildings had high resilience and, therefore, were much less vulnerable to the powerful earthquake. We also see how the framework for policy development can change through differing perspectives. Eisner discusses in this issue how local non-governmental social service agencies are building their resilience capabilities to serve target populations after a disaster occurs, becoming self-renewing social organizations and demonstrating what Leonard and Howett [6] term “social resilience.” All of the contributions to this issue illustrate the lowering of disaster impacts and strengthening of capacity (at the household, community or governmental level) for what Alesch [15] terms “post-event viability” – a term reflecting how well a person, business, community, or government functions after a disaster in addition to what they might do prior to a disaster to lessen its impact. Viability might become the definition of recovery if it can be measured or agreed upon. 3. Contents of This Issue The insights provided by the papers in this issue contribute greater clarity to an understanding of resilience, together with its applicability to disaster management. In these papers we find tools and methods, process strategies, and planning approaches. There are five papers focused on local experiences, three on state (prefecture) experiences, and two on national experiences. The papers in this issue reinforce the concept of resilience as a process, not a product, because it is the sum of many actions. The resiliency outcome is the result of multiple inputs from the level of the individual and, at times, continuing up to the national or international organizational level. Through this exploration we see that the “resiliency” concept accepts that people will come into conflict with natural or anthropogenic hazards. The policy question then becomes how to lower the impact(s) of the conflict through “hard or soft” measures (see the Special Issue Part 1 editorial for a discussion of “hard” vs. “soft” resilience). Local level Go Urakawa and Haruo Hayashi illustrate how post-disaster operations for public utilities can be problematic because many practitioners have no direct experience in such operations, noting that the formats and methods normally used in recovery depend on personal skills and effort. They describe how these problems are addressed by creating manuals on measures for effectively implementing post-disaster operations. They develop a method to extract priority operations using business impact analysis (BIA) and project management based business flow diagrams (BFD). Their article effectively illustrates the practical aspects of strengthening the resiliency of public organizations. Richard Eisner presents the framework used to initiate the development and implementation of a process to create disaster resilience in faith-based and community-based organizations that provide services to vulnerable populations in San Francisco, California. A major project outcome is the Disaster Resilience Standard for Community- and Faith-Based Service Providers. This “standard” has general applicability for use by social service agencies in the public and non-profit sectors. Alejandro Linayo addresses the growing issue of technological risk in cities. He argues for the need to understand an inherent conflict between how we occupy urban space and the technological risks created by hazardous chemicals, radiation, oil and gas, and other hazardous materials storage and movement. The paper points out that information and procedural gaps exist in terms of citizen knowledge (the right to know) and local administrative knowledge (missing expertise). Advances and experience accumulated by the Venezuela Disaster Risk Management Research Center in identifying and integrating technological risk treatment for the city of Merida, Venezuela, are highlighted as a way to move forward. L. Teresa Guevara-Perez presents the case that certain urban zoning requirements in contemporary cities encourage and, in some cases, enforce the use of building configurations that have been long recognized by earthquake engineering as seismically vulnerable. Using Western Europe and the Modernist architectural movement, she develops the historical case for understanding discrepancies between urban zoning regulations and seismic codes that have led to vulnerable modern building configurations, and traces the international dissemination of architectural and urban planning concepts that have generated vulnerability in contemporary cities around the world. Jung Eun Kang, Walter Gillis Peacock, and Rahmawati Husein discuss an assessment protocol for Hazard Mitigation Plans applied to 12 coastal hazard zone plans in the state of Texas in the U.S. The components of these plans are systematically examined in order to highlight their respective strengths and weaknesses. The authors describe an assessment tool, the plan quality score (PQS), composed of seven primary components (vision statement, planning process, fact basis, goals and objectives, inter-organizational coordination, policies & actions, and implementation), as well as a component quality score (CQS). State (Prefecture) level Charles Real presents the Natural Hazard Zonation Policies for Land Use Planning and Development in California in the U.S. California has established state-level policies that utilize knowledge of where natural hazards are more likely to occur to enhance the effectiveness of land use planning as a tool for risk mitigation. Experience in California demonstrates that a combination of education, outreach, and mutually supporting policies that are linked to state-designated natural hazard zones can form an effective framework for enhancing the role of land use planning in reducing future losses from natural disasters. Norio Maki, Keiko Tamura, and Haruo Hayashi present a method for local government stakeholders involved in pre-disaster plan making to describe performance measures through the formulation of desired outcomes. Through a case study approach, Nara and Kyoto Prefectures’ separate experiences demonstrate how to conduct Strategic Earthquake Disaster Reduction Plans and Action Plans that have deep stakeholder buy-in and outcome measurability. Nara’s plan was prepared from 2,015 stakeholder ideas and Kyoto’s plan was prepared from 1,613 stakeholder ideas. Having a quantitative target for individual objectives ensures the measurability of plan progress. Both jurisdictions have undertaken evaluations of plan outcomes. Sandy Meyer, Eugene Henry, Roy E. Wright and Cynthia A. Palmer present the State of Florida in the U.S. and its experience with pre-disaster planning for post-disaster redevelopment. Drawing upon the lessons learned from the impacts of the 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons, local governments and state leaders in Florida sought to find a way to encourage behavior that would create greater community resiliency in 2006. The paper presents initial efforts to develop a post-disaster redevelopment plan (PDRP), including the experience of a pilot county. National level Bo-Yao Lee provides a national perspective: New Zealand’s approach to emergency management, where all hazard risks are addressed through devolved accountability. This contemporary approach advocates collaboration and coordination, aiming to address all hazard risks through the “4Rs” – reduction, readiness, response, and recovery. Lee presents the impact of the Resource Management Act (1991), the Civil Defence Emergency Management Act (2002), and the Building Act (2004) that comprise the key legislation influencing and promoting integrated management for environment and hazard risk management. Guillermo Franco and William Siembieda provide a field assessment of the February 27, 2010, M8.8 earthquake and tsunami event in Chile. The papers present an initial damage and life-loss review and assessment of seismic building resiliency and the country’s rapid updating of building codes that have undergone continuous improvement over the past 60 years. The country’s land use planning system and its emergency management system are also described. The role of insurance coverage reveals problems in seismic coverage for homeowners. The unique role of the Catholic Church in providing temporary shelter and the central government’s five-point housing recovery plan are presented. A weakness in the government’s emergency management system’s early tsunami response system is noted. Acknowledgements The Editorial Committee extends its sincere appreciation to both the contributors and the JDR staff for their patience and determination in making Part 2 of this special issue possible. Thanks also to the reviewers for their insightful analytic comments and suggestions. Finally, the Committee wishes to again thank Bayete Henderson for his keen and thorough editorial assistance and copy editing support.

ABSTRACTObjective: to know how the family caregivers perceive the access and embracement of child, using the services of a Health Unit of the Family of city in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul. Methodology: this is about an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out with 11 mothers of child under 2 years old, from March to May, 2010. For data collection, a semi-structured interview with thematic analysis was used, in accordance with Minayo. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, number 23081.015582/2009-18. Results: the caregivers perceive the accessibility to the Unit facilitated by geographical and economic questions, but fragile in functional and cultural dimensions. The subjects involved in research understand that the embracement is related to the bonding, listening and solving of the child’s health needs, being the nurse's role in this process emphasized. Conclusion: the access and embracement are fundamental elements for the demand and choice for the service. In the same way, having accessibility does not guarantee access to humanized and integral health care. Descriptors: health services accessibility; user embracement; nursing care; family health, child health.RESUMOObjetivo: conhecer como os cuidadores familiares percebem acesso e acolhimento das crianças que utilizam os serviços de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família de um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Metodologia: estudo de campo do tipo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 11 mães de crianças menores de 2 anos de idade, no período de março a maio de 2010. Para coleta dos dados foi utilizada a entrevista semi-estruturada, com análise temática, conforme Minayo. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria sob o nº 23081.015582/2009-18. Resultados: as cuidadoras percebem a acessibilidade à unidade de forma facilitada pelas questões geográficas, econômicas, mas fragilizada nas dimensões culturais e funcionais. Os sujeitos envolvidos na pesquisa compreendem que o acolhimento está ligado às questões de vínculo, escuta e resolutividade das necessidades de saúde das crianças, destacando o papel do enfermeiro nesse processo. Conclusão: o acesso e o acolhimento são elementos fundamentais para a procura do serviço e escolha do mesmo. Da mesma forma, ter acessibilidade não é garantia de acesso à assistência humanizada e integral da saúde. Descritores: acesso aos serviços de saúde; acolhimento; cuidados de enfermagem; saúde da família; saúde da criança. RESUMENObjetivo: conocer cómo los cuidadores familiares perciben el acceso y la acogida de los niños que utilizan los servicios de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia de una ciudad del interior del Rio Grande do Sul. Metodología: estudio de campo de tipo exploratorio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con 11 madres de niños menores de dos años de edad, en el período comprendido entre Marzo y Mayo de 2010. Para la colecta de datos, se utilizó la entrevista semi-estructurada con análisis temático conforme Minayo. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Pesquisa de la Universidad Federal de Santa María, apoyado por el número 23081.015582/2009-18. Resultados: las cuidadoras perciben la accesibilidad a la unidad facilitada por cuestiones geográficas y económicas, pero frágil en las dimensiones funcionales y culturales. Los sujetos implicados en la investigación comprenden que la acogida está relacionada con cuestiones de vincula, escucha y resolución de las necesidades de salud de los niños, destacando el papel del enfermero en este proceso. Conclusión: el acceso y la acogida son elementos fundamentales para la demanda del servicio y la elección del mismo. Del mismo modo, tener acceso no garante acceso a atención humanizada e integral en salud. Descriptores: acceso a servicios de salud; acogida; cuidados de enfermería; salud familiar, salud del niño.

In the article there has been presented a biography of an outstanding Siberian hygienist, professor of Tomsk Emperor’s University P.N.Lashchenkov, a history of organization of Medical-sanitary Executive Committee in Tomsk city and of the creation of one of the first medical periodical edition «Medical chronicle of Tomsk city». A brief review of the most important for Tomk history publications has been presented.

Steve Grossman, Democratic candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002, is president of MassEnvelopePlus in Somerville, MA, a full-service printing and graphic design firm started by his grandfather in 1910 and now a fourth-generation family business. He is also founder and president of Givenation.com, which helps nonprofit organizations raise funds online. Steve has played a prominent role in both national and state politics, most recently as national chairman of the Democratic National Committee, which he helped revitalize from 1997 to 1999, president and chairman of the Board of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee from 1992 to 1996, and chairman of the Massachusetts Democratic Party from 1991 to 1992. A strong believer in grassroots politics, he remains an active member of the Ward 7 Newton Democratic City Committee. He was also a leader of many philanthropic, civic, and cultural organizations over the years.

INTRODUCTION Being able to communicate effectively with patients is essential not only from a medicolegal standpoint but more importantly from clinical governance perspectives. Issues such as informed consent and patient choice within the NHS are currently being highlighted; for these to be available to patients, their language requirements are paramount. PATIENTS AND METHODS An audit was performed by the Linkworkers office at the Central Manchester & Manchester Children's Hospital NHS (CMMC) Trust on the total number of attendances and refusals per language in the period 1998–2003. RESULTS In the CMMC Trust, Urdu/Punjabi, Bengali, Cantonese, Somali, Arabic and French represent the majority of the workload, comprising almost 80% of cases in 2003. In the same year, an increase in demand for languages of Eastern European countries became evident. Finding interpreters for these languages even via agencies can be extremely difficult. CONCLUSIONS If the current trend continues, requirement for these services will increase exponentially. For this demand to be met adequately these issues must be kept at the forefront of NHS planning.

ABSTRACTObjectives: to characterize the physical and operational structures of day-care centers in the city of Natal; and to analyze their implications in child nursing care and health promotion. Methodology: this is about a descriptive-exploratory study, from quantitative approach, in 16 institutions that offer day-care center services in the western side of Natal-RN. The data collection was done by using a checklist form to interview responsible employee of the day-care center. The data was submitted to analysis by simple descriptive statistics. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research under number 114/2008/54 of the University Federal of Rio Grande do Norte. Results: small and large size institutions that had shown deficient infrastructure, lack of human and material resources to deal with the children in their daily care routines were analyzed. This type of structure affects child health and optimal child development since it does not allow the development of educative and health care actions. Conclusion: the identified conditions imply a higher vulnerability of children at situations that can result health problems. Thus, it is appropriate to focus attention on this public through actions along with health services. The professionals, especially the nurses, can act in the planning, implementation and evaluation of these services in order to prevent the prevalent diseases, as well as to improve child health and educational conditions. Descriptors: child day care centers; child care; health promotion.RESUMOObjetivos: caracterizar a estrutura física e operacional das creches do município de Natal; analisar as implicações destas para o cuidado de enfermagem à criança. Metodologia: estudo exploratório-descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em 16 instituições municipais que oferecem serviços de creche na zona Oeste do município de Natal-RN. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um formulário do tipo cheklist para entrevista com o funcionário responsável pela instituição, sendo os dados submetidos à estatística descritiva simples. O projeto do estudo foi encaminhado ao Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, recebendo parecer favorável conforme Protocolo nº 114/2008/54. Resultados: foram estudadas instituições de pequeno e grande porte as quais apresentavam deficitária infraestrutura, carência de recursos humanos e de materiais para uso das crianças nas rotinas de cuidados diários. Este tipo de estrutura afeta a promoção da saúde infantil e se pleno desenvolvimento por não permitir ações educativas e de atenção a saúde. Conclusão: as condições apresentadas refletem uma maior vulnerabilidade das crianças a situações geradoras de problemas de saúde. Tornando oportuno o direcionamento da atenção para este público, através de ações de articulação com os serviços de saúde. Os profissionais, especialmente de enfermagem, podem atuar no planejamento, execução e avaliação destes serviços, visando à prevenção das doenças prevalentes, bem como melhores condições de saúde e educação às crianças. Descritores: creches; cuidado da criança; promoção da saúde. RESUMENObjetivos: caracterizar la estructura física y operacional de las guarderías de la municipalidad de Natal, analizar sus implicaciones para la atención de enfermería para el niño. Metodología: estudio exploratorio-descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado en 16 instituciones municipales que ofrecen cuidado de niños en la zona oeste de la ciudad de Natal-RN. Metodología: los datos fueran recolectados a través de entrevista con el funcionario responsable por la institución usando un formulario del tipo checklist, y sometidos a análisis estadística descriptiva simple. El estudio fue aprobado por la Comisión de Ética en la Investigación de número 114/2008 de la Universidad Federal del Rio Grande del Norte. Resultados: se estudiaron instituciones grandes y pequeñas que tenían una infraestructura deficiente, falta de recursos humanos y materiales para uso de niños en las rutinas de cuidado diario. Este tipo de estructuras afectan la promoción de la salud infantil y su pleno desarrollo por no permitir acciones educativas y de atención. Conclusión: las condiciones presentadas reflejan una mayor vulnerabilidad de los niños a situaciones que causan los problemas de salud. Lo que hace adecuada la dirección de atención a este público a través de acciones conjuntas con los servicios de salud. Los profesionales, especialmente las enfermeras, pueden actuar en la planificación, ejecución y evaluación de estos servicios, con el objetivo de prevenir las enfermedades prevalentes, así como ofrecer una mejor salud y educación a los niños. Descriptores: guarderías; cuidado de niños; promoción de la salud.

AbstractIntroduction:On 14 August 2003, New York City and a large portion of the northeastern United States experienced the largest blackout in the history of the country. An analysis of such a widespread disaster on emergency medical service (EMS) operations may assist in planning for and managing such disasters in the future.Methods:A retrospective review of all EMS activity within New York City's 9-1-1 emergency telephone system during the 29 hours during which all or parts of the city were without power (16:11 hours (h) on 14 August 2003 until 21:03 h on 15 August 2003) was performed. Control periods were established utilizing identical time periods during the five weeks preceding the blackout.Results:Significant increases were identified in the overall EMS demand (7,844 incidents vs. 3,860 incidents; p<0.001) as well as in 20 of the 62 calltypes of the system, including ca rd i ac arrests (119 vs.76, p= 0.043).Significant decreases were found only among calls related to psychological emergencies (114 vs. 221; p= 0.006) and drugor alcohol-related emergencies (78 vs. 146; p = 0.009). Though median response times increased by only 60 seconds, median call-processing times within the 9-1-1 emergency telephone system EMS dispatch center of the city increased from 1.1 to 5.5 minutes.Conclusions:The citywide blackout resulted in dramatic changes in the demands upon the EMS system of New York City, the types of patients for whom EMS providers were assigned to provide care, and the dispositions for those assignments. During this time of increased, system-wide demand, the use of cross-trained firefighter and first-responder engine companies resulted in improved response times to cardiac arrest patients. Finally, the ability of the EMS dispatch center to process the increased requests for EMS assistance proved to be the rate-limiting step in responding to these emergencies.These findings will prove useful in planning for future blackouts or any disaster that may broadly impact the infrastructure of a city.

Crimes and Crime Dispersion in Urban Areas in Turkey Crime is a phenomenon that arises from the interaction between social, political, economic, physical, psychological circumstances and geographical factors. Since crime occurs in geographical locations, the relationship between crime and location is worth discussing characteristics of a location occur in differents ways. Not only natural geographical factors but also human geographical factors may lead to crime. In this study, the situation, distribution of crimes in the cities which are in the police service zone are dealt with. In addition to crime dispersion in the cities and crimes committed to people and property, crimes committed by month is also studied. In this context, it is seen that since city centres are composed of dense population and urban functions, they feed crime, social control weakens in those areas and they create opportunities for criminals. This causes weakness in society and social capital apart from economic losses in cities. The number of crime incidents, which was 229,513 in 1995, in Turkey, has risen to 785,510 in 2006 with a 3.4 fold increase. 41% of the crimes which were committed in the year of 2006 were against people, 59% were against property.

I will present a general view of the events that took place in Mexico City on September 19th, 1985.I will make reference, in the first place, to certain facts related with the subject, then I will describe the general damage to health and to the health services, and finally I will give information about the action taken in the area of epidemiological surveillance.The information in this work was generated through a committee formed by different health institutions and in which I participated. This organization was responsible for the health services and the epidemiological surveillance during the events of September 1985.

This study explores the effect of land finance (LF) and producer services on green total factor productivity (GTFP) according to spatial and agglomeration economic theories. Then, based on the spatial Durbin model, we employ panel data of 283 Chinese cities at the prefecture level and above from 2003 to 2015 to estimate the effect of LF and producer services agglomeration on GTFP. We find that specialized agglomeration of producer services promotes the GTFP of the city and its neighboring cities. While diversified agglomeration is advantageous to the GTFP in the city, it significantly reduces in neighboring cities. LF not only improves the GTFP of the city and neighboring cities but also weakens the promotion effect of the specialized agglomeration of producer services on the GTFP of the city and surrounding cities. Furthermore, we find that there exists industry and regional heterogeneities of the effect.

Records of 1943 Congressional sub-committee hearings in Long Beach, California, provide insight into the impact of World War II on a West Coast port city. Local officials testified to the sudden, overwhelming needs in housing and city services and to the impact of the rapid growth of shipyards, aircraft industry, and naval facilities.

Petrovsky Boris Vasilievich (1908-2004) - Doctor of Medicine, Professor, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1957), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1966) and RAMS (1957), Minister of Health of the USSR (1965-1980), Director of the All-Union Scientific Center for Surgery Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor (1968), laureate of Lenin (1960) and State Prizes of the USSR (1971).He was born in 1908 in the city of Essentuki. In the years 1916-1924.He studied at the second stage school in Kislovodsk. After graduating from the Medical Faculty of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov worked as a surgeon in the district hospital, the head of the health center of the plant in Podolsk (1931), the junior doctor of the tank brigade and infirmary in Naro-Fominsk (1932), an intern, an assistant, a senior research fellow at the Moscow Oncology Institute and a clinic general surgery at Moscow State University (since 1938). In 1937 he defended his thesis. In 1938, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky was given the title of senior research fellow (assistant professor). Boris Vasilievich was the deputy head of the field hospital, the leading surgeon of the Karelian Front (1939-1940), a senior researcher at the Moscow Oncological Institute (1940-1941), assistant professor of general surgery at the 2 nd Moscow Medical Institute. N.I. Pirogov (1941). From the first days of WWII BV. Petrovsky is the leading surgeon of hospitals in the Western, Bryansk and the 2 nd Baltic fronts. In the years 1944-1945. B.V. Petrovsky works as a senior lecturer in the Department of Faculty Surgery of the Military Medical Academy. CM. Kirov in Leningrad. In 1945-1948 years. - Deputy Director for Scientific Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1946 he was the first in the USSR to perform successful operations for esophageal cancer with its one-horn intrathoracic plasty. In 1947, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky defended his doctoral dissertation. In the years 1948-1949. - Professor of the Department of General Surgery 2nd Moscow Medical Institute. N.I. Pirogov. In 1949-1951 years. B.V. Petrovsky - Director of the Department of Hospital Surgery, Head of the 3rd Surgical Clinic of the University of Budapest. In the years 1951-1956. - Head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of the 2 nd Moscow Medical Institute. N.I. Pirogov. In 1953 he was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. In the years 1953-1965. - Chief Surgeon of the 4th Main Directorate of the Ministry of Health of the USSR. Since 1955, B.V. Petrovsky - deputy chairman, since 1965 - chairman of the All-Union Scientific Society of Surgeons. Since 1956 - Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery and Director of the State Hospital Surgical Clinic of the Medical Faculty of the 1 st Moscow Medical Institute. THEM. Sechenov. In 1957, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky was elected a full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR and he was awarded the honorary title of Honored Worker of Science of the RSFSR and Azerbaijan SSR. In 1960 he was awarded the Lenin Prize for the development and implementation of new operations on the heart and large vessels. 1963 - Organizer and Director (1963-1988), since 1989 - Honorary Director of the All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences All-Union Scientific Center of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1964, Mr .. B.V. Petrovsky performed the first successful operation for prosthetics of the mitral valve of the heart with a mechanical (seamless) fixation. In 1965, for the first time in the USSR, he successfully performed kidney transplantation to man. In the years 1965-1980. - Minister of Health of the USSR. In 1966 he was elected a full member of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In 1968, B.V. Petrovsky - privedovo-but the title of Hero of Socialist Labor (1968). In 1971 he was awarded the State Prize of the USSR for the development and introduction into clinical practice of kidney transplantation. In 1979 he was chairman of the Scientific Surgical Council under the Presidium of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. B.V. Petrovsky was a delegate to the XXII, XXIII, XXIV and XXV Congresses of the CPSU (1961, 1966, 1971, 1976), Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1962-1984), candidate member of the Central Committee of the CPSU (1966, 1971, 1976). He died on May 4, 2004, at the 96th year of his life. Buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.B.V. Petrovsky - honorary member of 14 foreign scientific medical societies, honorary doctor of 8 universities. He was awarded 16 orders and 8 medals, including the Orders of the Red Star (1942), Lenin (1961, 1965, 1968, 1978), the Second World War (1943, 1985), the October Revolution (1971), Friendship of Peoples 1993), "For Services to the Fatherland" II degree (1998), St. Andrew the Apostle (2003). Laureate of the Lenin (1960) and State Prizes of the USSR (1971), the International Leonard Bernard Prize (1975), the im. NI Pirogova RAMS (1998), the N.N. Burdenko of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1953) and A.N. Bakuleva (2003). B.V. Petrovsky owns more than 500 scientific works, including 40 monographs. He created one of the largest scientific surgical schools (more than 150 doctors of sciences, of which more than 70 are the heads of clinics and large hospitals).

Objective: to characterize assistance of 88 elderly with venous ulcers attended in the tertiary and primary levels of health service in Natal city. Methods: integrative and descriptive study, from quantitative approach, with retrospective data of patients with venous ulcers who were studied in two dissertations presented at the Post-Graduate Program in Nursing/UFRN and a search report of CNPQ. Data was carried out from 2005 to 2007 through structured interview, physical examination and observation of the exchange of dressing, being organized in Excel and transported to the SPSS 14.0. These studies were approved by the Committees of Ethics in Research of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (55/05; 54/05; 196/06). Results: we studied 88 elderly, mainly female sex (68,2%), literate (81,8%), outcomes two basic salary (69,3%), (52,3%) with edema (69,3%) and pain (86,4%). The main mismatches in assistance were: dressing kit (71,6%), angiologist consultation (60,2%) and monitoring specialist (56.8%). Conclusion: the assistance was considered inappropriate, mainly in the tertiary level, fragmented, with low resolution level and integration between the levels of complexity of the Public Health System. Descriptors: venous ulcerations; elderly people; health assistance.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to investigate if the three service quality dimensions (service environment, interaction and outcome quality), proposed by Brady and Cronin (2001), influence the development of event loyalty, among runners of the “‘Alexander the Great’ International Marathon”, and to test if running loyalty moderates the relationship between event quality and event loyalty. Design/methodology/approach In all, 368 runners participated in the study and filled the Sport Event Quality Questionnaire (Theodorakis et al., 2015) and an adjusted version of the Leisure Involvement Questionnaire (Kyle et al., 2010). Findings The results indicated that only the service environment and outcome dimensions contributed significantly to the prediction of event loyalty, while, and in contrast to other sport services, interaction quality was not shown to be an important determinant for the development of event loyalty. Furthermore, running involvement was shown to play a moderating role in the relationship between event quality and event loyalty. Service quality is more important for the development of event loyalty among low- than high-involved runners. The theoretical and applied implications of these results are discussed. Research limitations/implications The study provided results on how high- and low-involved runners perceive event quality, and for which of these groups the event quality is an important antecedent for the development of event loyalty. Practical implications Investigating the moderating role of involvement on the relationship between service quality and loyalty has also applied value. While committed runners have been traditionally seen as a key target group for event marketing professionals, the majority of runners in city marathons today are more leisure oriented. The increase in the number of leisure runners is actually the reason for the rapid growth of city marathons in the last few years. Meeting the needs of these leisure runners and increasing their loyalty levels is therefore a key task for marathon marketers today. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature, as for the first time it explores the moderating role of involvement on the relationship between service quality and loyalty in the context of a sport event.

Parental support in improving the quality of education services in schools is needed. Awareness of the importance of quality education will help schools as education providers to realize quality education. There is a need for the support of the school committee as a forum for the participation of parents in education. This study wants to describe the implementation of the role and function of the school committee in supporting the improvement of education quality services at SMAN 9 Cirebon City. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and documentation studies. The results showed that in general, the school committee of has school carried out all its roles and functions, although not yet optimal. School committees consider more related to school programs that need to be implemented but are not covered by school finances. Communication with alumni is well established and has even been able to contribute to the renovation of the school mosque. Efforts to provide non-financial support are carried out by establishing communication and comparative studies with other schools deemed to have a better quality infrastructure. The results of the comparative study are arranged in a priority program to support the progress of the quality of education services.

This research aims to evaluate the school committee program in improving the performance of Elementary School teachers in Cipayung sub-district. Method used evaluation study method with CIPP model. The results showed; (1). Context, the purpose of establishing a school committee consisting of channeling, responsible, transparent, accountable, and democratic. But there are no specific schedules to absorb the aspirations of the community, (2). Input, the implementation of recruitment of members of Cipayung Subdistrict School Committee is not fully done through the procedures established by the legislation, the Electoral Committee of prospective members of Cipayung Subdistrict School Committee is not formed and established by the principal but by members of the school committee of Cipayung Subdistrict, (3) Process, implementation of the function of the school committee, the implementation of the school committee duties, and the implementation of the school committee's role has been good, but schools have not maximally worked with the business and industrial World, (4) Product, performance enhancement consisting of better education services, completion of tasks, professionals in carrying out their roles and functions and improving student achievement. Conclusion has not been a similarity of concept of work and there are differences of perception about role and function of school committee.

Few treatments are more controversial than the prescribing of injectable heroin (diamorphine) to heroin addicts. This practice is still banned in the USA and Australia, despite the serious drug problems in those countries. At present any UK doctor can prescribe injectable methadone for the treatment of heroin addiction; however, the prescribing of heroin requires a special licence from the Home Office. The National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse is the statutory body currently responsible for advising purchasers (local drug action teams) in regard to specialist services for addictions. They have recently commissioned and published guidelines for the prescription of injectables in opiate addiction (National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, 2003). This follows the report of a Government committee, which stated:‘If diamorphine treatment could be offered to all problematic users who do not successfully access other treatments, we believe it could play a useful part in managing the social problems generated by this group of people’ (House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, 2003).

Public Services of Public Health Centers at the Sub District MarpoyanDamai in the City of Pekanbaru year 2013-2014. Purpose of this study was todetermine the Public Services in Public Health Centers at the District MarpoyanDamai in City of Pekanbaru and what are the factors that obstruct the services. Thisresearch used qualitative methods, research that provides an explanation of data isdone through the process of preparation, presentation of data, observation, interviewtechniques, and Documentation. The result of this research. concluded that the PublicService is still not optimal given employee health centers. Can be seen from thestandard indicators of public services according to kepmenpan No. 63 of 2003,service procedures are difficult, long turnaround time of service, limited serviceproducts, facilities and infrastructure is not yet complete, and then the employeecompetence of Health Centre, who do not show a friendly attitude to patients.Keywords : Public Services, Obstruction Factors, Public Health Center (PHC)

Abstract Villages help older neighbors age-in-place as they manage their environments, take advantage of opportunities for social and civic engagement, and improve or maintain health and well-being. National surveys repeatedly indicate that older adults prefer community living as long as possible. But communities change, and post-retirement living may require rebuilding social connections with old and new neighbors. Fortunately, today’s retirees bring a wealth of knowledge and skills to later life which they are happy to share. Drawing on the talents and career experiences of older adults in Center City, Philadelphia, Penn’s Village (PV) was created in 2007 to address the needs and wishes of neighbors wanting to stay in their own homes as they aged. A member of the Village-to-Village Network, PV (a 501c3) has itself matured through board development, strategic planning, and member engagement. In reframing aging in Center City, PV currently offers its over 300 members and volunteers an array of educational and recreational programs (e.g., talks, affinity groups, social events and outings); services (including transportation, home repairs, IT support, companionship, accompaniment to medical appointments), and opportunities to use their personal knowledge and skills to help their neighbors-- as drivers, companions, volunteer staff and co-chairs/members of committees (e.g., Board of Directors, Program, Welcoming, Marketing & Communications, Finance, Fundraising). In FY2019, volunteers provided nearly 1200 services to PV members. Our most recent survey responses indicate that 82% of volunteers found their work highly meaningful and 79% of those who received services believed their quality of life was greatly improved.

Chronic diarrhoea is a common problem, hence clear guidance on investigations is required. This is an updated guideline from 2003 for the investigations of chronic diarrhoea commissioned by the Clinical Services and Standards Committee of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG). This document has undergone significant revision in content through input by 13 members of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) representing various institutions. The GRADE system was used to appraise the quality of evidence and grading of recommendations.

Purpose – Adult offenders diagnosed with developmental disabilities have been referred for services to a Northeast Ohio county agency. The purpose of this paper is to examine their repartition in the three areas of the county as determined by zip codes, their involvement with the criminal justice system, types of offenses they committed, their indictment, and the court outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – This study used a geographic information system (GIS) mapping based on secondary data collected from the 2008 to 2012 American Community Survey and a random sample of 160 participants selected from an agency database including 850 clients. Findings – The authors found that the concentrations of offenders in the core city, inner, and outer suburbs of the county were, respectively 71.7, 19.6, and 8.7 percent. The largest racial groups included African Americans (112; 70 percent) and Whites (33; 20.6 percent). Male offenders (155; 96.9 percent) outnumbered female offenders. Of the offenses committed, 42.9 percent were crimes against persons including kidnapping, abduction, assault, followed by crimes against property (22.2 percent), and crimes against society (26.4 percent). As they appeared before Mental Health Court or Non Mental Health Court judges, the court outcome evolved from community control for six months to prison sentence of 120 months. Research limitations/implications – These findings will enable agency professionals to look for protective as well as risk factors that are prevalent in each area of this NEO county and make plans for more effective, preventative, and clinical service provision. Originality/value – The use of GIS for data analysis represents an innovation in the research field involving adult offenders with developmental disability as it allows professionals to look for protective as well as risk factors that are prevalent in their clients’ immediate environment.

Pharmacy residents undergo rigorous training to become skillful and knowledgeable independent practitioners. In addition to delivering direct clinical and operational pharmacy services, residents also participate in various administrative, educational, and scholarly activities as part of their residency experience. Throughout their training, residents may rely on individuals within their network for professional, personal, and emotional support, including residency program directors, preceptors, and co-residents from their respective institutions. Residents from nearby institutions can also serve as a vital resource. Throughout the nation, there are numerous pharmacy residency programs located within the same city or region. Fostering collaboration and relationships between residents from neighboring institutions may provide a support network to augment their training and cultivate an environment to promote work-life balance. We describe our 2-year experience in the formation of a citywide “Pharmacy Residents’ Collaborative Committee.”

In recent decades, the City of Stockholm, Sweden, has grown substantially and is now the largest city in Scandinavia. Recent urban growth is placing pressure on green areas within and around the city. In order to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services, green infrastructure is part of Stockholm municipal planning. This research quantifies land-cover change in the City of Stockholm between 2003 and 2018 and examines what impact urban growth has had on its green infrastructure. Two 2018 WorldView-2 images and three 2003 QuickBird-2 images were used to produce classifications of 11 land-cover types using object-based image analysis and a support vector machine algorithm with spectral, geometric and texture features. The classification accuracies reached over 90% and the results were used in calculations and comparisons to determine the impact of urban growth in Stockholm between 2003 and 2018, including the generation of land-cover change statistics in relation to administrative boundaries and green infrastructure. For components of the green infrastructure, i.e., habitat networks for selected sensitive species, habitat network analysis for the European crested tit (Lophophanes cristatus) and common toad (Bufo bufo) was performed. Between 2003 and 2018, urban areas increased by approximately 4% while green areas decreased by 2% in comparison with their 2003 areal amounts. The most significant urban growth occurred through expansion of the transport network, paved surfaces and construction areas which increased by 12%, mainly at the expense of grassland and coniferous forest. Examination of urban growth within the green infrastructure indicated that most land area was lost in dispersal zones (28 ha) while the highest percent change was within habitat for species of conservation concern (14%). The habitat network analysis revealed that overall connectivity decreased slightly through patch fragmentation and areal loss mainly caused by road expansion on the outskirts of the city. The habitat network analysis also revealed which habitat areas are well-connected and which are most vulnerable. These results can assist policymakers and planners in their efforts to ensure sustainable urban development including sustaining biodiversity in the City of Stockholm.

This article reports on research conducted in 2018 about the dialectic of Muslim minority da'wah in the multicul­tural-metropolitan community in Pakuwon City Surabaya, using a qualitative descriptive approach. Findings illustrate Mus­lim minority in Pakuwon City has a strong religious identity and the pleasure of ukhuwah Islamiyah. This is sup­ported by the central role of the commodification agent, na­mely takmir (mosque committee) of the Al-Madani mosque. In additin, Muslim minority in Pakuwon City makes the Al-Ma­dani mosque a center for da'wah through oral, written, and social movement methods, such as religious sermon, religious forum, web-based media, zakat and qurban, and fundraising for social services. Another finding reveals that the dialectic proselytising of Muslim minority in the multicultural-metro­politan community in Pakuwon City Surabaya produces a sym­metrical environmental harmony which is in line with the satisfaction of the da'wah partners.

Queensland's heritage city of Maryborough was the focus of the Australian Garden History Society's 32nd Annual Conference, held from 19–21 August 2011. The Society is again delighted to collaborate with Queensland Review to bring the papers from this conference to publication, just as it did with those of the 2003 conference. Maryborough was selected for this event because the city centre is remarkably intact and coherent, and because of the appeal of its numerous charming ‘Queenslander’ houses to Southern delegates. The topics of the conference and the tours organised by the conference committee confirmed Garden History Society chair John Dwyer's opening description of Maryborough, quoted from the Australian National Trust's 1982 Historic Places publication, as ‘one of the four most charming places in Australia’.

Child victims of sexual abuse who have traumatic impacts who serve child victims of violence that are so profound and difficult to cure. Psychological trauma to children who are victims of sexual crimes is difficult to remove from the child's memory, especially if the perpetrator is still and lives not far from the environment of the child, the victim who commits a crime in a crime. The importance of the victim's main concern in discussing crimes caused by the victim often has a very important role in the occurrence of a crime. The method used by compilers in this research is descriptive analysis, namely how to solve problems or answer problems that are tracing the road, classification, analysis, the data displayed with the aim of making a picture of an objective situation. Compilers also use a normative juridical approach, namely legal research that prioritizes researching library materials or what is called secondary data material. Implementation of Article 59 Paragraph (2) Letter J Law Number 35 Year 2014 Amendments to Law Number 23 Year 2002 Regarding Protection in the City of Banjar Has not been implemented optimally because it is still the infrastructure, budget and human resources who are experts in children specifically, therefore The government should add psychologists and psychiatrists to rehabilitate child victims of sexual abuse committed by the presence of the social service and the P2TP2A (Integrated Service Center for Women and Children) to carry out rehabilitation only to provide motivation and visits to families but still not maximally because one is functionally responsible for protection against child victims of sexual crimes crimes. It is hoped that the government can provide maximum rehabilitation for children who are victims of criminal acts because it is an obligation of the government. protection of the community and increasing human resources such as psychology and psychiatrists to provide rehabilitation services for child victims of abuse.

Several problems have emerged as a result of urban expansion or the connection of urban areas with rural areas. This process has led to the urbanization of rural areas, and to have overlapping edges and margins of areas, which were outside the basic design of the city. Accordingly, the present research assumes that the accelerating growth of Baghdad population has contributed significantly to the process of unplanned urbanization. Thus, the study aims to examine the factors that have led to an increase of urban sprawl at the expense of the agricultural land. The study has thus adopted the descriptive, analytical, and historical approaches relying on the simple linear regression method to predict the phenomenon of urban expansion and its impact on the agricultural land. It has also included illustrative maps used in the preparation of geographic information technology (GIS).The study has concluded that the events of Iraq after 2003, the absence of legal rules, weak legislation, and the successive large immigrations from the countryside to the city have all led directly to a great increase in the process of housing expansion at the expense of agricultural lands. The research recommended the necessity of finding final solutions to the problem of encroachment on agricultural lands, establishing new and low-cost urban housing with full facilities and services, simplifying the procedures of building licensing, and reducing fees.

Realizing minimum service standards in the food sector is the responsibility of the Government in general, and the Government of Central Halmahera Regency in particular. Various efforts have been made, among others, through the approach of implementing "local wisdom" on food. The local wisdom in question is a culture passed down from generation to generation by the community that sago (Metroxylon sago Rottb) is the staple food after kasbi (cassava / Manihot esculenta Crantz), betatas (sweet potato / Ipomoea batatas L), banana (Musa paradisiaca L) , and maize (Zea mays L). However, in the end all of them have become alternative foods, replaced by rice (Oriza sativa L.). There are socio-cultural values contained therein that want to be preserved through this study. This study is a descriptive subjective which tries to integrate between intuitive experience and an understanding of the opportunities that exist The essence of local wisdom to food based on several previous studies and studies shows that there are other values that accompany it, namely the realization of food security in the area concerned, this is shown by the results of research by Tuti Gantini (2016). which states that “vulnerability to food insecurity with local wisdom is smaller than on vulnerability to food insecurity without local wisdom ”. According to Tupan (2014), "One of the efforts to increase the acceleration of the movement to diversify food consumption in order to achieve food security is to restore the diversification pattern of food consumption that has taken root in society as local wisdom" According to Soerjani (2005) in Marcus J. Pattinama (2009). ), by exploring and developing local wisdom, it can not only be relieving, but can also be avoided (preventing) due to the large amount of resources for the next generation. The results of the study here ultimately point to the efforts that need to be done, namely: (1). Preserving Local Wisdom and Culture on Food, (2). Collaborating skills with local wisdom on food, (3). Focus on cultivating selected superior commodities, (4). Capacity and capability enhancement, and (5). Synergy, integrity, communication and collaboration between related agencies. From the results of this study, it is hoped that the Regional Government as a stakeholder should be consistent and committed to implementing these efforts

This paper provides a general overview of the impact of the 26 December 2003 Bam, Iran, earthquake on the functioning of the local government and its services. Almost all Bam's municipal offices, hospitals, and schools were seriously damaged or destroyed during the earthquake, and the impact on the personnel and the functioning of local government agencies in the city of Bam and the surrounding area was very serious.

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the determinative factors of the displacement of female users from the city of Recife and other cities for the accomplishment of Papanicolaou´s exam. Methodology: this is about an exploratory descriptive study, from qualitative boarding. It was applied a form by the interview technique for 30 women from january to february 2008. The depositions had been recorded and transcribed. Results analysis was based on the Collective Citizen Speech, after study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Integrated Health Center Amaury de Medeiros (protocol number 087/07). Results: it had been presented in six Central Ideas: the delay of the results in the UBS, to know the professionals that realize the exam, exposition of the body to a men professional, inadequate access to the basic attendance, lack of information in health education, unprepared techniques and fragility in the relation between the same ones and the users. Conclusion: this study evidenced the need of the practical of integral and humanived attendance to women who submit to the Papanicolaou's exam, in a way that the nurses tuts into bractice partipative actions in Health Education participative, propitiating bond between the professional and the female users of the health services. Descriptors: women’s health; health promotion; health education; vaginal smears; nursing.RESUMOObjetivo: identificar os fatores determinantes do deslocamento de usuárias da cidade do Recife e de outros municípios para a realização do Papanicolaou. Metodologia: estudo descritivo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Aplicado formulário de entrevista com 30 mulheres entre os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2008. Os depoimentos foram gravados, transcritos e analisados mediante o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa do Centro Integrado de Saúde Amaury de Medeiros (número de protocolo 089/07). Resultados: os depoimentos foram apresentados em seis Idéias Centrais: A demora para se obter os resultados nas UBS, O acesso inadequado ao atendimento básico, Conhecer os profissionais que realizam o exame, Exposição do corpo ao profissional do sexo masculino, Falta de informação em educação em saúde, Despreparo técnico desses profissionais e Fragilidade na relação de vínculo entre eles e as usuárias. Conclusão: foi evidenciada a necessidade de atendimento integral e humanizado às mulheres que se submetem ao exame de Papanicolaou, de modo que, os enfermeiros realizem ações de educação em saúde participativas, propiciando vínculo entre os profissionais e as usuárias dos serviços de saúde. Descritores: saúde da mulher; promoção da saúde; educação em saúde; esfregaço vaginal; enfermagem. RESUMENObjetivo: identificar los factores determinantes del desplazamiento de usuarias de la ciudad de Recife y de otros municipios para la realización de la prueba de Papanicolaou. Metodologia: estudio descriptivo exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo. Fue aplicado un impresso de entrevista con 30 mujeres en los meses de enero y febrero de 2008. Las declaraciones fueron gravadas, transcritas y analizadas mediante el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Centro Integrado de Salud Amaury de Medeiros (numero de registro 089/07). Resultados: las declaraciones fueron presentados en seis Ideas Centrales: el retraso para obtener los resultados en las UBS, el acceso inadecuado a la atención básica, conocer a los profesionales que realizan la prueba, exposición del cuerpo al profesional de sexo masculino, falta de información en educación en salud, falta de preparación técnica de estos profesionales y fragilidad en la relación de vínculo entre ellos y las usuarias. Conclusión: quedó evidenciado la necesidad de atención integral y humanizada a las mujeres que se someten al examen de Papanicolaou, de forma que, los enfermeros realicen acciones de educación en salud participativas, propiciando vínculo entre los profesionales y las usuarias de los servicios de salud. Descriptores: salud de la mujer; promoción de la salud; educación en salud; muestra vaginal; enfermería.

There are many technology breakthroughs today so that for banking delivery channel could cover people from the big city even rural areas today. The advancement of both technology and telecommunication has stimulated transaction for banking industry in overall. Internet Banking is becoming a trend in banking industry. One of the multi channel distribution of financial services industry is through internet streams. It helps the banks to open up new channel, reduce the costs, improve the services, enlarge customer portfolios and creates innovative products. The Internet Banking is being used as a strategic weapon to gain and retain customers. The paper covers customer’s Perception on Internet Banking services using risk appetite & tolerance framework in accordance with management decision (IT Steering Committee)

Let us first express our respectful thanks to the founder of Journal Dr. R. C. Dalela, who has entrusted us the responsibility to look after the Processing and Editing of research papers submitted to the Journal of Environmental Biology. We have humbly accepted the responsibility and are committed to follow his footsteps to further enhance the scientific quality and popularity of the Journal of Environmental Biology. Journal's launching: In 1975, there were only a few research Journals available in India to the researchers of Biological Sciences. To cater to the needs of Environmental Biologists, Dr. Dalela mooted the idea of introducing research Journal in 1975 & after a pan India consultation launched the title “Journal of Environmental Biology ” after due registration with the Government of India. The International Editorial Board of Journal was constituted, the Editorial Policy and Guidelines for authors were prepared and the first issue was released on 7th October 1978 in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Since then, the Journal is being published uninterruptedly in-spite of varied problems and difficulties faced time to time. In the beginning most of the research papers received were from Indian researchers but with passage of time overseas research papers started pouring. Gradually, Journal became a favored choice of the International Scientific Community. From 1978 to 1997, the periodicity of Journal was quarterly and currently, it is bimonthly i.e. six issues in a year. The Journal is sponsored by Dalela Educational Foundation (DEF) - a charitable educational trust. The Journal neither receives any financial grant from Government nor from Non-government organizations. The Journal is independent and financially depends largely upon subscriptions and the publication fees. . Growth and Progress: In 1997, the Registered Office and the secretariat of the Journal was shifted from Muzaffarnagar to Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. The worldwide acceptance of our Journal grew exponentially because of its scientific merit, print quality and its double-blind peer review system. Peer-review system and editing of research papers became more intense and recommendations of reviewers became the sole criterion for publication of research papers. The Marketing & Distribution of the Journal was given to Triveni Enterprises - an educational setup, to make this important task efficient. As the Journal's credibility grew over a period of time, new policies were promulgated to meet the increasing needs of International Scientific community. These are as follows: 1) Website: In 2001, Journal developed its website (www.jeb.co.in), where in all relevant information of the Journal and the published papers were uploaded. Open Access of research papers was made available. 2) R & D Division: In 2008, Journal established its own Research & Development (R & D) division under the guidance of a consultant and scientists to scrutinize all submitted manuscripts for unethical practices and recommend ways to improve quality and scientific merit. Looking to its relevance, the reviewer selection and monitoring of the review process were also handed over to this division. Our reviewers, Editorial Board members and R & D experts voluntarily and generously contribute their expertise to upscale the Journal. We highly value their role. The contributions of the reviewers are appropriately acknowledged by publishing their names in the Reviewer's Panel of the Journal. 3) Digital Object Identifier: Journal took the membership of Crossref in 2016, so as to allot the DOI number to each paper published in the Journal of Environmental Biology. 4) JEB International Awards: In 2018, the Journal introduced “JEB - International Award (IA)” for the best paper published in a calendar year to recognize and appreciate the outstanding research paper published in the Journal. In 2019, the Journal introduced, “Young Researcher Award (YRA)” – another International Award for innovative research paper published by a young research scholar. The papers are evaluated by an International Scientific Committee and the awardees are given “Certificate of Excellence” and cash prizes of USD 500 to IA and USD 200 to YRA, respectively. Scientific Leadership: In September 2020, the National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM), Hyderabad organized an online training program and the JEB editor was invited as an expert in a panel discussion on "Science of Writing Good Research Papers". Dr. Sumati Gaumat, Editor-JEB based on her vast experience highlighted many short comings normally committed by the young research scholars while writing research papers and what should they do to avoid rejection. COPE Membership: In December - 2020, we have applied for the registration of Journal for the membership of “Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)” to follow the highest standards of ethics for scholarly publication. Year 2020, has been the most challenging and disruptive year for the entire world due to Covid-19 global pandemic. The pandemic and various regulations of the Government to curtail the pandemic have affected the normal working of secretariat. The secretariat is slowly resuming the regular functioning. Our priority now is to enhance efficiency of Editorial office and to clear the backlog of accumulated research papers. Further, we are keen to work with more enthusiasm to attract high level, innovative and impactful researches for publication in the Journal. Future Strategies: We are pleased to share that our current research credibility & acceptance has made the Journal one of the most acceptable International Research Journal for publication of scientific research related to Environmental Sciences and Toxicology. We wish to concentrate on the following in 2021: 1. To seek more active participation of Editors of JEB. 2. To attract more authentic and transparent research for publication. 3. To follow the best publication practices and ethics laid down by COPE for scholarly publication. 4. To accord priority to innovative research. 5. To adopt stricter review and editing systems of papers. We acknowledge the efforts of all the contributors, readers, researchers, scientists and subscribers of the Journal - Libraries, organizations and laboratories for their continued cooperation and support. We also thank the members of the Editorial Board, for rendering their expertise voluntarily to the Journal and also the reviewers for their robust and critical review of papers. The services of Information System Consultant are sincerely acknowledged for supervising the designing and for managing Journal's website. The reputation and popularity of Journal is due to hard and sincere working of the secretariat staff. At last but not the least, we express our highest gratitude to the Managing Editor of the Journal for her constant support and encouragement.

Billboards, banners, posters, flags, photographs, and the other campaign medias in various sizes, were crowded the private and public spaces of the city. As if, what were displayed in our daily was the truly images of the candidates of leader and public officials, and does not seems concerned with the aesthetics of the city and public opinion. The aesthetics of spatial order of the city became chaotic due to almost all of political parties did not concern the regulation of General Election Commission No. 15 of 2003. As a regu-lation which was enacted for regulating of displaying campaign medias which are potentially chaotic, and to maintain the order and aesthetics of the city. The campaign medias were not placed on praying homes, hospitals, or the places of health services, government office buildings, educational buildings, higway, infrastructure and public facilities, and city parks (Article 17 General Election Com-mission regulation No 15 of 2013)

Background: Antimicrobials form the cornerstone of prescriptions for treating infection. Surgical management cannot be possible without the use of antibiotics. Severity of infection, suspected spectrum of organisms and their sensitivity, co-morbidities of the patient, route of antibiotic administration are the important parameter to consider before selecting antibiotic.Methods: Cross-sectional, hospital based, descriptive study was conducted in the ward of Surgery Department of IQ City Medical college, Durgapur over a period of 1 year. The relevant information was entered into the pretested preformats (containing name, age, sex, diagnosis, ongoing treatment as recorded from patients’ prescription slips or CRFs) and analyzed. Necessary permission was granted by the Institutional Ethical Committee and written informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to collecting their prescription slips/CRF.Results: Commonest cause of hospitalization was cholelithiasis (318 (32.7%)). Antimicrobials were the most commonly prescribed drugs (1626 (31.6%)). Single antibiotic prescribing frequency are similar to two antibiotic prescribing (both 44%). Piperacillin+Tazobactum combination most commonly prescribe antibiotic.Conclusions: Beta lactam antibiotic specifically Piperacillin (ATC class: J01D) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic agents both before and after surgical procedures.

This<strong> </strong>article reports on research conducted in 2018 about the dialectic of Muslim minority da'wah in the multicul­tural-metropolitan community in Pakuwon City Surabaya, using a qualitative descriptive approach. Findings illustrate Mus­lim minority in Pakuwon City has a strong religious identity and the pleasure of <em>ukhuwah Islamiyah. </em>This is sup­ported by the central role of the commodification agent, na­mely <em>takmir</em> (mosque committee) of the <em>Al-Madani</em> mosque. In additin, Muslim minority in Pakuwon City makes the <em>Al-Ma</em><em>­dani</em> mosque a center for da'wah through oral, written, and social movement methods, such as religious sermon, religious forum, web-based media, <em>zakat</em> and <em>qurban</em>, and fundraising for social services. Another finding reveals that the dialectic proselytising of Muslim minority in the multicultural-metro­politan community in Pakuwon City Surabaya produces a sym­metrical environmental harmony which is in line with the satisfaction of the da'wah partners.