Relevant bibliographies by topics / Civil engineering material testing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Civil engineering material testing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Civil engineering material testing"

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Maas, Hans-Gerd, and Uwe Hampel. "Photogrammetric Techniques in Civil Engineering Material Testing and Structure Monitoring." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 72, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.72.1.39.

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Schabowicz, Krzysztof. "Testing of Materials and Elements in Civil Engineering." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 3412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123412.

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This issue is proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this issue should relate to different aspects of testing of different materials in civil engineering, from building materials and elements to building structures. The current trend in the development of materials testing in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in elements and structures using destructive, semi-destructive, and nondestructive testing. The trend, as in medicine, is toward designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Very interesting results with significance for building practices of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering were obtained.
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Schabowicz, Krzysztof. "Non-Destructive Testing of Materials in Civil Engineering." Materials 12, no. 19 (October 3, 2019): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193237.

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This issue was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of non-destructive testing of materials in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of non-destructive testing of different materials in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of non-destructive testing of materials in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.
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van de Ven, Martin, André de Fortier Smit, and Kim Jenkins. "Triaxial Testing of Elastoplastic Materials Toward Scaled-Down Accelerated Pavement Testing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1619, no. 1 (January 1998): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1619-02.

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Small-scale testing of pavement materials provides an alternative means for preliminary indicator or ranking tests before, or in place of, expensive full-scale Accelerated Pavement Testing. To carry out scaled tests effectively, dimensional analysis considerations must be met. This implies that the laws of similitude require observation. In particular, scaled-down pavement layers must be subjected to the same stresses and strains as the full-scale pavement under equivalent loading. In addition, the material properties of the scaled-down layer must be equivalent to the full-scale materials. Research was carried out into the scaling down of different materials, including untreated and emulsion-modified granular materials. Various tests, including static and dynamic triaxial tests, were performed on the materials at full scale and at small scale (1: 10). The test results are discussed with a comparison between the full-scale and scaled-down material properties. Conclusions were drawn concerning the appropriateness of scaling down elastoplastic materials, the requirements of the laws of similitude, the main factors that require consideration for scaling, the need for additional research, and the direction that this research should pursue.
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Karmazínová, Marcela, and Jindrich Melcher. "Material Testing and Evaluation of Steel Mechanical Properties for Classification of Steel Grade of Existing Civil Engineering Structure." Advanced Materials Research 651 (January 2013): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.651.274.

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The paper is generally focused on the determination and evaluation of yield and ultimate strengths of structural steels, not only current materials but also materials of existing steel structures when the properties are unknown and no material certificates exist. The attention is paid i.a. to the testing and evaluation of steel strengths, especially from the viewpoint of the statistical elaboration of material test results aimed to obtain strength values leading to the reliable structural design [3], in the meaning of general rules according to the European Standards for structural design of civil engineering constructions. The paper deals with actual yield and ultimate strengths obtained using material tests and with characteristic and design strengths based on the test results evaluation versus nominal and design strengths given by European Standards which are used for the structural design in the usual cases when steel grade is known. But in the case of existing structures, very often no information about the material exist that actual values of steel properties shall be determined using material tests and their statistical elaboration to obtain such values of steel properties which lead to the reliable structural design [3], [6], [7]. However, approaches of the derivation of characteristic and design steel strengths using actual test results are principally different from the consideration of nominal and design steel strengths covered by the rules of the European Standards. This paper illustrates the evaluation of the results of material tests performed on the test specimens taken from the steel roof structure of the sport stadium almost 50 years aged, within the diagnostics of load-carrying steel structures of this building [1] aimed to the evaluation of the existing construction [2].
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Reynolds, P. "DYNAMIC TESTING AND MONITORING OF CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES." Experimental Techniques 32, no. 6 (November 2008): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2008.00422.x.

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Popovics, J. S. "Special issue on Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering." Materials and Structures 38, no. 283 (June 23, 2005): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/14403.

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Popovics, John S. "Special issue on nondestructive testing in civil engineering." Materials and Structures 38, no. 9 (November 2005): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02481650.

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De, Anirban, and Thomas F. Zimmie. "Application of Geotechnical Centrifuge Testing To Evaluate Unconventional Highway Materials." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1577, no. 1 (January 1997): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1577-12.

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The principles involved in using a geotechnical centrifuge to study long-term consolidation and seepage characteristics of an unconventional geotechnical material are described. Results are presented from long-term leaching tests that were performed in a 100 g-ton centrifuge to simulate 30 years of water flow through sludge material from a paper mill. The consolidation and permeability characteristics of these samples were tested, and the leachate flowing through the materials was collected and tested for chemical composition. Two sludges were tested and their behaviors were compared with those of a conventional clay material, also tested in a similar manner. The sludge material was found to be highly compressible and showed large reductions in permeability with time. Chemical analyses performed on the leachate collected after seepage through the sludge material indicated that the sludge material was suitable for the intended use. This same method of testing can also be used in testing new highway materials. The approach can provide information about the geotechnical and hydrological properties of the material and help identify the environmental characteristics by providing leachate for chemical analyses.
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Liebold, F., and H. G. Maas. "Advanced spatio-temporal filtering techniques for photogrammetric image sequence analysis in civil engineering material testing." ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 111 (January 2016): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2015.10.013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Civil engineering material testing"

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Sánchez, Vivas Lorena. "Bamboo as a Sustainable Engineering Material: Mechanical Properties, Safety Factors, and Experimental Testing." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7925.

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With exponential global population growth occurring and associated environmentally destructive consumption of natural resources, alternative materials that are fast growing and sustainable are being sought out to satisfy human needs. One material that is fast growing and sustainable that can be used to meet most basic needs of humans (i.e. shelter, food, tools) is the plant bamboo, of the grass family Poaceae. Bamboo was used in the past by native peoples who lived in the environment where bamboo natively grows (all continents except Europe and Antarctica) with proven success for uses such as shelter, piping, tools, wells, food, fencing, baskets and much more. These practices were mostly abandoned and deemed obsolete due to the introduction of long lasting ‘modern’ building materials of steel and concrete which gained popularity in the 1800s. Now, in the current century with much advancement in science, technology, and education, humanity is reconsidering many practices and returning to more ancient practices and ways that are better for human health, the environment, and overall sustainability. These environmental considerations are drivers of this research, which focuses on how to use bamboo for engineering applications. First, in order to use a material for engineering and design applications, a material must be destructively tested to attain material property values. Therefore, a critical examination of the bamboo mechanical property values published literature was performed. It was found that although many scientists all over the world have been working on mechanical property testing of bamboo, their results have been published in different journals, in different languages, and had not yet been aggregated and compared. This led to the first study in this work that analyzed mechanical property data from 43 bamboo peer-reviewed publications written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese (the three main languages in which bamboo literature is published). This study focused on aggregating mechanical property values, establishing a range of values for each property as well as an average, and correlating the difference in property values to bamboo variables stated in bamboo literature (age, bamboo species, density, moisture content, post-harvest treatment, and testing standard employed). The five mechanical properties reviewed were: shear strength, compressive strength, tensile strength, bending strength / modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and their average values were 9 MPa, 52 MPa, 159 MPa, 120 MPa, and 16 GPa, respectively. Although a thorough graphical set of analyses were performed attempting to correlate the difference in mechanical property values to the previously listed variables, and only main variables found to influence strength values were moisture content and specific testing standard employed. The results of the high range of mechanical property values with no variable with which to separate the results to lower the range, led to the second part of the research. It incorporated the high range of values reported in the literature but was able to establish safety factors and reduction factors alongside corresponding failure rates. This work allows for a designer to use bamboo culms choosing a failure rate he/she deems appropriate for structural bamboo construction. The analyses in this work were performed using Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) equations applied to bamboo as well as Monte Carlo statistical analyses for verification. The raw data and statistically analyzed data of 25 publications were used for this analysis, yielding 3806 strength test values (shear strength, compressive strength, bending strength / modulus of rupture, and tensile strength). Shear strength safety factors ranged from 1.38-3.58 for failure ratios from 1:6-1:25000; compressive strength from 1.30-2.79; bending strength from 1.43-4.03; tensile strength from 1.66-7.43. No singular safety factor is suggested for design as that is due to the judgment of the designer of what failure ratio he/she deems appropriate for the specific application. Although many compression tests have been performed on bamboo, there are no known tests which destructively test bamboo after an extended period of time after harvesting (more than ~3 months). This experiment conducted a field experiment to test the functionality of using bamboo for the application of installing bamboo wells to provide groundwater. The bamboo tested in the third part of the study was of two species, Dendrocalamus giganteus and Dendrocalamus asper half of which were 1) air-dried in a laboratory for 3.5 years and the other half of which was 2) inserted in the ground as bamboo wells. The bamboo culms (or poles) had been separately treated in three different ways right after cutting: 1/3 with a borax and boric acid solution (most conventional treatment in the industry), 1/3 with coconut oil (experimental treatment in the literature), and 1/3 air-dried, a non-treated control. Bamboo wells are said to be used in ancient times as well as in more recent applications in the 1990s in India by small scale farmers. The publication of bamboo well studies have been very few and nearly no scientific analyses had been performed on them. Therefore, six bamboo wells were assembled and installed at the University of South Florida Geopark, the first of their kind in the U.S. These wells were half of species D. giganteus and half of species D. asper and also treated individually using the three different treatments described above. The wells were monitored for pH and presence of leached boron for a 3.5-year monitoring period and then removed. Upon removal, the bamboo well casings were examined for molds present as well as by mechanical compression testing to assess degradation in comparison to each other (of different treatments) and to air-dried control samples maintained in the laboratory for 3.5 years. The mold fc. Acrodictys was observed to cover the entire inner portion of the bamboo (inner diameter), from the surface level up to the water table. The lab air-dried control samples had compression strength and compressive modulus of elasticity values correlating to those found in the literature, 44-90 MPa (72 MPa average) and 15-31 GPa, respectively. Removed well samples exhibited compressive strengths and compressive modulus of elasticity values of 22-61 MPa (39 MPa average) and 7-25 GPa, respectively. This study revealed that bamboo wells were feasible and although their compressive strengths lowered by around a half after being in the ground for 3.5 years, their compressive strength and compressive modulus of elasticity values were still in the range of bamboo tested in the literature.
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Theberge, Ryan C. "Comparison and Testing of Various Noise Wall Materials." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399372564.

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Abdulla, Ali Abdulhussein 1967. "Testing and constitutive modeling of cemented soils." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186066.

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The behavior of cemented sands is examined experimentally and theoretically in this study. The first segment of the investigation involves an extensive laboratory program to examine the effects of slenderness ratio, effects of cementation, and effects of confining pressure on the stress-strain curves of cemented sands. Results show that specimens with slenderness ratio of 1.5 or greater exhibit lower strength, higher dilatation rates, and relatively brittle behavior when compared to samples with slenderness ratio of 1. Furthermore, cemented sands have an essentially straight line Mohr-Coulomb failure envelope, whose cohesion intercept increases with the degree of cementation of the soil. The effective friction angles measured for cemented sands with various cementation levels are in the same ranges as the effective friction angle evaluated for uncemented sands. Moreover, failure modes of the material varies from brittle to ductile depending upon the level of cementation and the degree of confinement. In general, as cementation increases, cemented sand exhibits a brittle failure behavior; while increasing the confining pressure causes a ductile failure response. The second portion of the project includes development of a constitutive model for cemented sands. Cemented sand is viewed as a multi-phase material comprising three phases: sand, cement, and pore water. The elastoplastic behavior of cemented sands is the consequence of the behavior of the individual phases plus the interaction of the phases. The individual phases (sand and cement) are modeled using the theory of plasticity. Mixtures theory is used to assemble the individual phases to simulate the overall behavior of cemented sands. The gradual damage of the internal structure of cemented sands is also incorporated within the model. The agreement between experimental data and model predictions is very good. In summary, mixtures theory using simple plasticity models for the individual phases is capable of capturing the complex behavior of cemented sands.
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Chan, Kyle E. "Development, testing, and numerical modeling of a foam sandwich biocomposite." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527682.

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This study develops a novel sandwich composite material using plant based materials for potential use in nonstructural building applications. The face sheets comprise woven hemp fabric and a sap based epoxy, while the core comprises castor oil based foam with waste rice hulls as reinforcement. Mechanical properties of the individual materials are tested in uniaxial compression and tension for the foam and hemp, respectively. The sandwich composite is tested in 3 point bending. Flexural results are compared to a finite element model developed in the commercial software Abaqus, and the validated model is then used to investigate alternate sandwich geometries. Sandwich model responses are compared to existing standards for nonstructural building panels, showing that the novel material is roughly half the strength of equally thick drywall. When space limitations are not an issue, a double thickness sandwich biocomposite is found to be a structurally acceptable replacement for standard gypsum drywall.

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Amini, Kamran. "Laboratory Testing of High Performance Repair Materials for Pavements and Bridge Decks." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1432732576.

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Hilton, Shaun Todd. "Full-Scale Pavement Testing of Aggregate Base Material Stabilized with Triaxial Geogrid." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6328.

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The objective of this research was to investigate the structural capacity of aggregate base materials stabilized with triaxial geogrid placed in a full-scale pavement involving control, or unstabilized, sections. Field testing was performed on a roadway in northeastern Utah that was 16 km (10 miles) long and included 10 test sections, seven stabilized sections and three control sections, each having five test locations. The pavement structure was comprised of a hot mix asphalt layer overlying an untreated aggregate base layer of varying thickness, depending on the test section. Except for the control sections, one or two layers of geogrid were incorporated into portions of the pavement structure at different locations. Falling-weight deflectometer testing and dynamic cone penetrometer testing were used to evaluate the structural capacity of the aggregate base layer in each pavement section. For data analysis, the Rohde's method was applied in conjunction with the 1993 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials pavement design guide methodology, and the Area under the Pavement Profile (AUPP) method was applied in conjunction with a mechanistic-empirical pavement analysis. Statistical analyses were then performed to enable comparisons of the test sections. Field results indicated that the asphalt layer thickness was consistently 140 mm (5.5 in.) at all 10 test sections, and the base layer thickness varied from 360 mm (14 in.) to 510 mm (20 in.). The results of the statistical analyses indicated that the majority of the 45 possible pairwise comparisons among the test sections were not statistically significant, meaning that variations in the presence and position of triaxial geogrid at those sections did not appear to affect the structural capacity. The remaining comparisons, however, were statistically significant and involved the test sections with the highest structural capacity. While one of these was unexpectedly an unstabilized control section, the others were constructed using one or two layers of geogrid in the base layer. In addition to being statistically significant, the observed differences were also practically important. Increases in the observed base layer coefficient from 0.12 to 0.18 correspond to an increase in the allowable number of equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) from 5.9 million to 19.2 million at the research site, while decreases in the observed AUPP value from 340 mm (13.37 in.) to 213 mm (8.38 in.) correspond to an increase in the allowable number of ESALs from 3.7 million to 17.3 million at the research site. These results indicate that, when geogrid reinforcement is compatible with the given aggregate base material and proper construction practices are followed, statistically significant and practically important increases in pavement design life can be achieved.
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Lynch, Alan Gerald. "Trends in back-calculated stiffness of in-situ recycled and stabilised road pavement materials." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85857.

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Thesis (MEng)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Two common methods of road pavement, granular material stabilisation used in road construction throughout South Africa today include Cold in Place Recycling (CIPR) and stabilisation with cement or bitumen and an active filler to create Bitumen Stabilised Materials (BSM). As part of the updating of the South African Pavement Design Method (SAPDM) an experimental section, investigating the structural capacity of cement and lime stabilised and BSM pavement layers, was constructed and will be monitored over a two year period. As part of this study Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) measurements were taken on the various experimental stabilised pavement layers constructed. The FWD deflection data, measured at various time intervals over a 360 day period, forms the basis of the study presented here. The objective of this thesis was to identify typical back-calculated layer stiffnesses and their variability over time for the various in-situ recycled and stabilised base layers constructed within the experimental section. Stabiliser type, content and layer thicknesses were varied across experimental sub-sections. Trends in back-calculated stiffness of cement stabilised base layers consistently showed significant reductions in layer stiffness subsequent to construction traffic loading. Subsequent to the initial reduction in stiffness little change in stiffness was noted under normal traffic loads. Observations on the trends in back-calculated stabilised layer stiffness per material type over time indicated that seasonal moisture and temperature fluctuations have an effect on the stiffness of the pavement structure as a whole. BSM materials showed significant variability over time in-line with seasonal variability in the supporting subgrade stiffness in the southbound lane. BSM materials with 1% cement added in the northbound lane show initial stiffness reductions due to direct rainfall application however a significant increase in layer stiffness occurs up to 360 days after construction. BSMs with 2% cement in the northbound lane show significant increases in layer stiffness over the 360 day observation period. No significant difference in stiffness trend was observed between BSM emulsion a BSM foam materials. The BSM emulsion with 0.9% residual bitumen and 1% cement was observed to show rapid reduction in stiffness upon opening to traffic and reverting to stiffness values similar to an unbound material of approximately 350 MPa. Cement and lime stabilised materials showed typical post 28 –day average stiffnesses per sub-section ranging between 600 MPa and 1800 MPa. BSM foam with 1% cement added were observed to have average stiffnesses per sub-section in the range of 400MPa to 2200 MPa and BSM emulsion with 1% cement with stiffnesses between 400 MPa to 1700 MPa over the 360 day period. BSMs with 2% cement added showed stiffness ranges between 900 MPa to 4300 MPa for BSM foam and 900 MPa to 3900 MPa for BSM emulsions over the 360 day period. The spatial variability of back-calculated stiffness per sub-section of a particular stabilisation design was significant and was observed, through the Co-efficient of Variation (COV), to increase over time. The effect of the observed variability when incorporated into a pavement design scenario, requiring a design reliability of 90%, showed 50% of the pavement structure would be overdesigned by a factor of 4. With respect to the current philosophies on the development of stiffness over time of cement and lime stabilised and BSM pavement layers some useful observations were made. Cement stabilised materials correlate well with stiffness development theories predicted by previous studies. Theories relating to the stiffness development of BSMs however did not predict the levels of variability in base layer stiffness observed on the experimental section. The continued observation of the experimental section for another year will give greater insight to the stiffness trends of the stabilised materials discussed above.
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Flannigan, Matthew Brian. "Phytoremediation for the treatment of energetic material releases on testing and training ranges at Eglin Air Force Base." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/962.

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In order to protect natural resources and ecosystems at Eglin Air Force Base (EAFB), a strategy must be developed for the containment and/or treatment of explosive contaminants on testing and training ranges under continuous use. Phytoremediation is the direct use of living plants for in situ (in place) remediation of contaminated soil, sludges, sediments, and groundwater through contaminant removal, degradation, or containment. Due to its ability to continuously treat large areas at low cost with low impact to the site, phytoremediation was implemented through a field study at EAFB in order to increase range sustainability.
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Burger, A. F. "Rheology of polymer modified binders : a comparative study of three binders and three binder/filler systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52438.

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Thesis (MEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of polymer modified binders have increased drastically over the past twenty years. It is generally accepted that current empirical specification tests do not adequately characterise the improvement in binder properties when bitumen is modified with polymers. At the University of Stellenbosch, a programme was initiated to relate binder properties to asphalt mix performance. This study forms part of that programme. This study focuses on three binders and is an attempt to characterise binder properties fundamentally. The binders that were tested are: • 60/70 penetration grade bitumen • SBS modified 60/70 bitumen • Bitumen-Rubber Two rheometers were used to characterise the binder properties: • Sliding Plate Rheometer (SPR) • Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) The Sliding Plate Rheometer was modified to allow testing at elevated temperatures. The modification is described in this thesis. Three types of testing were used to test the binders: • Creep tests (SPR and DSR) • Dynamic tests (Strain and Frequency Sweeps - DSR) • Flow tests (high temperature viscosity tests - DSR) The results of the tests were used to characterise differences between the binders. Shear susceptibility lines were plotted and viscosities calculated from the creep test results; Master Curves and Black Diagrams were plotted from frequency sweep results; flow test results were used to characterise high temperature behaviour. A further development in the asphalt industry is the move towards the development of performance based specifications. A programme has been initiated in this regard and this study forms part of the programme. As a step towards the development of performance based specifications filler was included in this study. BinderlFiller systems were subjected to the same test programme the binders were, to characterise the influence on binder properties of filler addition. Some of the conclusions that were drawn at the end of the study are: • Polymer modification improves binder properties related to rutting. • Filler addition does not affect binder properties negatively. • Shear rate is very important during production of asphalt mixes and construction of asphalt layers containing polymer modified binders.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen het drasties toegeneem oor die afgelope twintig jaar. Dit word algemeen aanvaar dat die huidige empiriese spesifikasie toetse nie die verbetering in bindmiddeleienskappe van polimeer modifisering aanvaarbaar karakteriseer nie. 'n Program is geïnisieer by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch om 'n verband te vind tussen bindmiddeleienskappe en asfaltmengseleienskappe. Hierdie studie vorm deel van die program. Hierdie werk fokus op drie bindmiddels en is 'n poging om die bindmiddeleienskappe fundamenteel te karakteriseer. Die bindmiddels wat gebruik is in hierdie werk, is: • 60/70 penetrasiegraad bitumen • SBS gemodifiseerde 60/70 bittimen • Bitumen-Rubber Twee reometers is gebruik om bindmiddeleienskappe te karakteriseer: • Glyplaat Reometer (SPR) • Dinamiese SkuifReometer (DSR) Die glyplaat reometer is aangepas om toetse by hoër temperature te doen en die aanpassing wat gemaak is word in die tesis beskryf. Drie tipes toetse is uitgevoer om die bindmiddels mee te toets: • Kruiptoetse (SPR en DSR) • Dinamiese toetse (DSR) • Vloei toetse (DSR) Die resultate van die toetse is gebruik om die verksille tussen die bindmiddels te kwalifiseer. Verskillende grafieke en figure is getrek van die resultate om die onderskeie bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Die beweging weg van empmese spesifikasies na werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies in die asfalt industrie is 'n verder nuwe ontwikkeling. 'n Program is geïnisïeer ten opsigte hiervan en hierdie werk vorm deel van die program. As 'n stap in die ontwikkeling van die werkverrigting gebaseerde spesifikasies is 'n vuIler ingesluit in die toetsprogram. Bindmiddel/vuIler stelsels is onderwerp aan dieselfde toetse waaraan die bindmiddels onderwerp is om die invloed van die vuIler op die bindmiddels te karakteriseer. Sommige van die gevolgtrekkings waartoe gekom is aan die einde van die tesis, is: • Polimeer modifisering verbeter bindmiddeleienskappe met betrekking tot wielsporing. • Die toevoeging van vuIler affekteer nie die bindmiddeleienskappe negatiefnie. • Die vervormingstempo is van groot belang wanneer asfaltmengsels gemeng en lae gebou word van mengsels wat polimeer gemodifiseerde bitumen bevat.
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Barrus, Natasha Christine. "Sensitivity of Resistivity Measurements on Concrete Bridge Decks to Operator-Controlled and Concrete Material Variables." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3203.

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The objectives of this research were to investigate the sensitivity of two-prong and fourprong resistivity measurements to certain operator-controlled variables and to conduct a direct comparison of the sensitivity of two-prong and four-prong resistivity measurements to certain concrete material variables. Four full-factorial experiments were designed for this research. In the experimentation on operator-controlled variables with two-prong resistivity testing, main effects that are both statistically significant and practically important include hole depth and surface water. In the experimentation on operator-controlled variables with four-prong resistivity testing, probe position, surface water, and prong spacing are all neither statistically significant nor practically important. This high degree of unexplained variation may be of concern to practitioners. In the experimentation on concrete material variables with two-prong and four-prong resistivity testing, main effects that are both statistically significant and practically important include chloride concentration and temperature, both of which exhibit inverse relationships with resistivity. These research findings support several important recommendations for resistivity testing. Operators of the two-prong resistivity device should use an accurately positioned drill stop to ensure that the prepared holes are consistently the correct depth, and they should expect to obtain different values depending on the presence of surface water on the deck surface. Operators considering use of the four-prong resistivity device should not expect the measurements to be sensitive to probe position with respect to rebar, presence of surface water, or prong spacing for conditions similar to those investigated in this research. Operators interested in monitoring resistivity values over time to ascertain material changes in a bridge deck should develop protocols for measuring concrete temperature in the field and subsequently normalizing resistivity measurements to a standard temperature.
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Books on the topic "Civil engineering material testing"

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Hasan, Syed Danish. Civil engineering materials and their testing. Oxford, U.K: Alpha Science International Ltd., 2006.

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Rapid load testing on piles: Interpretation guidelines. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2011.

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Ashour, Mohamed. Pile group program for full material modeling and progressive failure: Final report. Sacramento, Calif.]: California Dept. of Transportation, Division of Research and Innovation, 2008.

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Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials (1990 Boulder, Colo.). Proceedings: Nondestructive evaluation of civil structures and materials, October, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. Edited by Suprenant Bruce and University of Colorado Boulder. Boulder, Colo: University of Colorado, 1990.

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Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials (1996 Boulder, Colo.). Proceedings: 3rd conference : nondestructive evaluation of civil structures and materials, Boulder, Colorado, September 1996. Edited by Schuller Michael P, Woodham David B, and University of Colorado Boulder. Boulder, Colo: University of Colorado, 1996.

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Conference, on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials (1992 Boulder Colo ). Proceedings: Nondestructive evaluation of civil structures and materials, May, 1992, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. Boulder, Colo: University of Colorado, 1992.

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Shull, Peter J. Nondestructive characterization for composite materials, aerospace engineering, civil infrastructure, and homeland security 2008: 11-13 March 2008, San Diego, California, USA. Edited by Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Intelligent Materials Forum (Mitō Kagaku Gijutsu Kyōkai), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), and National Science Foundation (U.S.). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2008.

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Wu, H. Felix. Nondestructive characterization for composite materials, aerospace engineering, civil infrastructure, and homeland security 2009: 9-11 March 2009, San Diego, California, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society), American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Intelligent Materials Forum (Mitō Kagaku Gijutsu Kyōkai), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), and National Science Foundation (U.S.). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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Wu, H. Felix. Nondestructive characterization for composite materials, aerospace engineering, civil infrastucture, and homeland security 2011: 7-10 March 2011, San Diego, California, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society). [Bellingham, Wash.]: SPIE, 2011.

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Shull, Peter J., Aaron A. Diaz, and H. Felix Wu. Nondestructive characterization for composite materials, aerospace engineering, civil infrastructure, and homeland security 2010: 8-11 March 2010, San Diego, California, United States. Edited by SPIE (Society), American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Intelligent Materials Forum (Mitō Kagaku Gijutsu Kyōkai), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.), and National Science Foundation (U.S.). Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Civil engineering material testing"

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Islam, M. Rashad. "Laboratory Testing." In Civil Engineering Materials, 379–470. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429275111-13.

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Anerdi, C., D. Gino, M. Malavisi, and G. Bertagnoli. "A Sensor for Embedded Stress Measure of Concrete: Testing and Material Heterogeneity Issues." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 385–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23748-6_30.

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Louw, Stefan, David Jones, and Rongzong Wu. "Lessons Learnt from Accelerated Pavement Testing of Full-Depth Recycled Material Stabilized with Portland Cement." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 309–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55236-7_32.

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Göller, A. "Multi Layer Microwave Moisture Scans at Large Areas in Civil Engineering." In Nondestructive Testing of Materials and Structures, 793–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0723-8_113.

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Prater, E. G., and J. A. Studer. "Material testing procedures and equipment." In Geomechanical Modelling in Engineering Practice, 99–130. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203753583-5.

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Modha, Hiral, Nerit Sharma, and Suryakant Singh. "Alkali Activated Material Brick." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 131–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6969-6_13.

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Singh, Harvinder. "Material Models." In Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering, 29–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2507-5_2.

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Deepa, V., Eldhose Sahimol, and V. V. Anu. "Forecasting of Material Cost in Road Construction Through Material Control Techniques." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 677–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26365-2_63.

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Eden, Mike. "Testing of Potentially Pyritiferous Material." In Implications of Pyrite Oxidation for Engineering Works, 107–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00221-7_3.

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Chen, Sheng-hong. "Preparation Knowledge of Material Properties." In Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 59–188. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8135-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Civil engineering material testing"

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Linero-Molina, Sandra, Carolina Palma, and Reinaldo Apablaza. "Geotechnical Characterisation of Waste Material in Very High Dumps with Large Scale Triaxial Testing." In 2007 International Symposium on Rock Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil Engineering. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_repo/708_2.

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Usman, Muhammad, Dong-Doo Jang, In-Ho Kim, Hyung-Jo Jung, and Jeong-Hoi Koo. "Dynamic Testing and Modeling of Magneto-Rheological Elastomers." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1348.

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This study presents the dynamic numerical model of magneto-rheological elastomers (MREs) along with the dynamic testing of the material under various loading conditions. Primarily the loading in shear mode is considered in this study because many civil engineering structures are subjected to shear loading. Experimental tests were carried out in order to characterize the dynamic behavior of MREs. A test setup was designed and fabricated to load the MRE samples in shear mode with varying magnetic fields. A series of shear tests of MRE samples were performed under various magnetic field values, amplitudes and frequencies of loading. The test results show that the material stiffness is increased with increasing magnetic field and loading frequency within the ranges of the magnetic field and exciting frequency considered in this work. Based on the experimental results, a dynamic model was developed to capture the dynamic behavior of the MRE.
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HAGER, IZABELA, KATARZYNA CZWAKIEL, MARCIN TEKIELI, and ROMAN PUTANOWICZ. "Anisotropy of 3D Printed Materials in Tension Testing protocol and chain of activities." In Sixth International Conference on Advances in Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering - ACSEE 2017. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-139-9-23.

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Song, Jinzhong, Hao Liu, Ming Wei, and Jinsong Li. "A Performance Testing Platform of ECG Electrodes Based on Millipore Films." In 2017 International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Civil Engineering (AMSCE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amsce-17.2017.3.

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Wang, Hong, Tadashi Matsunaga, Kewei Zhang, Hua-Tay Lin, and Andrew A. Wereszczak. "Mechanical Strength Responses of Poled Lead Zirconate Titanate Under Extreme Electric Field and Various Temperature Conditions." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67310.

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PZT (lead zirconate titanate), particularly PZT-5A, is used in a variety of critical actuation and sensing systems because of its high Curie temperature and large piezoelectric coefficients. However, PZT is susceptible to mechanical failure. The evaluation of the mechanical strength of the material under the target working conditions is very important. This study presents part of the recent experimental developments in mechanical testing and evaluation of PZT materials at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Ball-on-ring and four-point bending testing setups were used, with modifications made to account for testing requirements from high-level electric field and elevated temperature. The poled PZT-5A or equivalent material was tested under various specimen and testing conditions. The parameters of the distribution of strengths (characteristic strength and Weibull modulus) are discussed in relation to the testing conditions. Fractographic results based on scanning electron microscopy are also presented and discussed. The related data can serve as input for the design of piezoceramic devices, not only those used in energy systems like fuel injectors in heavy-duty diesel engines, but also those used in structural health monitoring, energy harvesting, and other critical systems in aerospace and civil engineering.
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Pyrzowski, Łukasz, and Mikołaj Miskiewicz. "Modern GFRP Composite Footbridges." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.143.

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Application of GFRP composites in civil engineering is still not large but already noticeable. Advantages of this material, such as: low volume weight, relatively high stiffness and strength, well fatigue resistance, easiness in shaping, high material damping and high environmental resistance, make it attractive for bridge and in particular footbridge designers. It is estimated that nowadays in the world there are realized hundreds of bridges, the construction of which, whole or in part is made of GFRP. Most of them are small span structures. However, it is possible to find some interesting designs. The paper presents an overview of the most spectacular examples of footbridge structures, in which the GFRP materials plays a key role. The few examples are: Aberfeldy Footbridge in Scotland, the world's largest structure of this kind; Lleida Pedestrian Bridge, the longest arch bridge made out standard GFRP pultruded profiles or EXPO Footbridge in Lisbon, truss bridge of 30 m span length. The last example is the footbridge designed and constructed by polish consortium Fobridge. The footbridge, which arose as a result of scientific project was studied in a great details taking into account, among others: material testing, validation studies and load tests.
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Hassan, Hayder, Haitham Muteb, and Haider Al-Baghdadi. "Interaction between Precast Concrete Columns with Socket Foundations Using Different Bonding Interfaces." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.222.

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In this study, a novel test technique is used to experimentally study the behavior and performance of the socket joint used to stabilize the precast columns embedded in a foundation that is subject to lateral loading. The test program included the testing of five test specimens, which represent the condition of the prefabricated concrete columns, which are embedded in the foundation. five specimens were divided into two groups based on the embedded length. Group one consists of two samples with a smooth interface and different embedded lengths. Group two consists of three samples with constant embedding length, two of them with a smooth interface and the other with a rough interface. Self-compacting mortar (SCM) was used as the adhesive material to fill the gap between the concrete column and the base for the samples of the first group, while the non-shrinking mortar and the self-compacting mortar (SCM) were used as adhesive material. Fill the gap between the Concrete column and the base in the second group. The practical results showed the possibility to use the developed test method as an alternative test method for comparing and representing a relationship between the different cases of socket connections. It has also been found that the roughness of the interface increases the bearing capacity for the embedded length, which corresponds to and is less than the depth of the concrete column, otherwise it is not required.
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Kyffin, William, David Gandy, and Barry Burdett. "A Systematic Study of the Material Performance of Hot Isostatically Pressed Type 316L Stainless Steel Powder for the Civil Nuclear Sector." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81438.

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Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of type 316L stainless steel powder has been an established manufacturing practice for more than twenty-five years in the oil and gas sector and more recently in the naval defence sector. To demonstrate the capability of the powder metallurgy HIP (PM/HIP) for nuclear power applications a systematic study of 316L commercial powder production, encapsulation/consolidation providers and selected HIP parameters was undertaken by the Nuclear AMRC in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). In the study, the 316L powder specification limited the oxygen content of the powder to under 130 parts per million (ppm), which reflects the improvements that commercial powder suppliers have been making over the past decade to ensure greater powder cleanliness. The test programme assessed powder supply, HIP service provider and HIP sustain time. Excellent test results were achieved across the full range of variables studied with all billets meeting the specification requirements of ASTM A988 and additional requirements imposed based on nuclear manufacturing standards. Significantly, the study demonstrated the robustness of the PM/HIP supply chain, as material produced via differing HIP service providers resulted in very consistent material properties across the destructive test programme. Furthermore, no significant difference in material properties were noted for material HIP’ed between 2–8 hours hold time, suggesting that the HIP process window is large. Both these results are significant from an end-user standpoint as they highlight the uniformity of the process through the full manufacturing cycle from powder procurement to destructive testing. Despite all material passing specification requirements, some property variation was noted for differing powder suppliers. Considering the systematic approach, this was attributed to powder composition, with both low oxygen and high nitrogen contents contributing to improvements in Charpy impact strength and tensile strength respectively.
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Raju, Thushara, Namitha S, Muhammed Nabil K, Mohammed Rafeeque N. V, Reshma Sundhar, Ramaswamy K. P, and Saraswathy B. "Effect of alkali content and slag content on the fresh and hardened properties of air-cured alkali activated mortar containing fly ash." In International Web Conference in Civil Engineering for a Sustainable Planet. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.112.48.

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Alkali Activated Material (AAM) is introduced as a pioneering construction material in the construction diligence to trim down the utilization of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and to curtail the amount of carbon dioxide released during the production of OPC. Modestly refined industrial by products or natural materials rich in alumino silicates are the binding agents used in AAM. Generally, heat curing is needed for the alkali activated mortar to achieve the required hardened properties and this difficulty can be overcome by adding slag to the mix. In this experimental analysis, the alkali activated mortar mixes with different proportions of glassy granulated slag and Class F fly ash were prepared without the usage of superplasticizers, with alkali to binder (a/b) ratios of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. The rheological characteristics of mortar were studied using flow table apparatus and hardened properties were studied using compressive strength test and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test by testing cylindrical specimens of size 25 mm diameter and 50 mm height. The mortar specimens were air-cured, and the compressive strength and UPV test were conducted after 3 and 7 days. The test results showed that due to the presence of higher alkali content and the decrease in slag content, the workability of alkali activated mortar was improved, but the measure of strength decreased. The mix with 100% slag and a/b ratio of 0.8 had the best UPV value, indicating its quality among the various mortar mixes studied. This study portrays the significance of optimising the alkali and slag content in tailor making an alkali activated mortar system with good hardened properties.
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Li, Longgang, Rui Duan, Wen Liu, and Yaning Zhang. "Analysis of Influencing Factors of Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Metal Tank Bottom Based on Finite Element Method." In 2017 International Conference on Advanced Materials Science and Civil Engineering (AMSCE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amsce-17.2017.6.

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Reports on the topic "Civil engineering material testing"

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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.
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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.

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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.
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