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Journal articles on the topic 'Civil engineering – Terminology'
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Gustafson, Joe. "Uniformity of Terminology for Circular Intersection Designs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 34 (July 13, 2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118786672.
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Most transportation engineers around the world, and now in the United States, are relatively familiar with roundabouts and their operational and safety benefits. Although roundabouts are becoming increasingly common, drivers and even engineering professionals often contend with mixed messages about roundabout design and operation. In a world speckled with all manner of spiral roundabouts, signalized roundabouts, traffic circles, gyratories, and rotaries, is it any wonder that confusion, and public resistance, often persists? These mixed messages may represent the greatest hurdle to implementation, public acceptance, and safe operation of multi-lane roundabouts in particular. Within North America and across the globe, circular intersection designs that appear relatively similar to users can in fact require significantly different driver behaviors, depending on whether they are configured with a continuous circle road or a network of crossing roadways. This distinction can be of critical importance for roadway designers and agencies, elected officials and other policymakers, road user education and licensing, traffic enforcement, mapping and GPS navigation, and safe operation of autonomous vehicles. This paper aims to provide an overview of existing definitions, explore the nature of conflict points for each design, provide a framework modeling method for analysis, and provide globally applicable definitions for roundabout features for use in design, education, policy, enforcement, and research. This paper is focused primarily on roundabout design guidance and operations within the United States, but places these practices within the global context, such that the definitions and analyses provided can be applied to all forms of roundabout intersections around the world.
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Thiruchelvam, Sivadass, Ng Yu Jin, Chong Seng Tong, Azrul Ghazali, and Norhayati Bte Mat Husin. "The Language of Civil Engineering: Corpus-based Studies on Vocational School Textbooks in Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23119.
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Engineering textbooks are specialized in nature, containing technical terminology which can be challenging to learners. For better comprehension of engineering concepts, there is a need for bridging the language gap by focusing on the frequently used and important engineering vocabulary. Most English Language Teaching (ELT) teachers do not necessary possess the specialist language in the field of engineering which can be rather confusing to them. It has been reported that Malaysian engineering textbooks (syllabus) were not written based on any word lists or corpora. Hence, learners require the language needed in the field of engineering – English for Engineering Purposes (EEP). To meet this requirement, specialised engineering textbooks were studied to specify the meaningful lexical components which can facilitate learners to assimilate into their discourse community. In the field of civil engineering, there is no exception that learners too need to understand the composition of words found in their textbooks. This study shows the exact word lists and suggests what learners and teachers can do to learn the “language of civil engineering”.
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Starossek, Uwe, and Marco Haberland. "Disproportionate Collapse: Terminology and Procedures." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 24, no. 6 (December 2010): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000138.
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Jones, Benjamin M., Malcolm J. Cook, Shaun D. Fitzgerald, and Christopher R. Iddon. "A review of ventilation opening area terminology." Energy and Buildings 118 (April 2016): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.053.
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Manz, David H. "Terminology for Describing Irrigation Conveyance Systems." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 113, no. 2 (May 1987): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1987)113:2(142).
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Daly, Andrew, and Stephane Hess. "VTT or VTTS: a note on terminology for value of travel time work." Transportation 47, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9966-4.
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Le, Tuyen, and H. David Jeong. "NLP-Based Approach to Semantic Classification of Heterogeneous Transportation Asset Data Terminology." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 31, no. 6 (November 2017): 04017057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000701.
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Mainz, David H. "Terminology for Describing On‐Farm Irrigation Water Demands." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 114, no. 2 (May 1988): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1988)114:2(353).
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Hansmire, William H. "Terminology and Its Implications for Quality in Underground Construction." Leadership and Management in Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 2005): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1532-6748(2005)5:2(35).
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Brodie, Ian. "Redefining Terminology of Flood Exceedance Probabilities by Basic Counting." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 21, no. 10 (October 2016): 06016006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0001420.
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Roy, Andreas F. Van, and Adrian Firdaus. "Building Information Modelling in Indonesia: Knowledge, Implementation and Barriers." Journal of Construction in Developing Countries 25, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jcdc2020.25.2.8.
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This article aims to identify the status of construction industry practitioners in Indonesia in terms of their knowledge and current practices as well as the barriers for implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM). This study utilises a questionnaire survey, aimed at the construction industry practitioners in Indonesia. The result shows that BIM is still a novelty for the construction practitioners in Indonesia. This is backed with the finding that more than 60% of the respondents was not familiar with BIM terminology or did not have proper knowledge of BIM terminology. More than 70% of the respondents' projects have implemented BIM Level 1, mostly in transportation service, energy production and distribution, roads and bridges, and the building infrastructure category. The five highest ranks of barriers to BIM implementation are lack of BIM training, lack of BIM experience and capability, no client demand, high cost in software and hardware acquisition, and inadequate information technology (IT) facilities. The recommended strategy should be initiated by the government, by conducting a comprehensive familiarisation programme covering BIM knowledge, BIM advantages and BIM implementation in the industry. At the same time, the government should prepare regulations and standards as guidance to BIM implementation in Indonesia.
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Derakhshanfar, Hossein, J. Jorge Ochoa, Konstantinos Kirytopoulos, Wolfgang Mayer, and Vivian W. Y. Tam. "Construction delay risk taxonomy, associations and regional contexts." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 10 (November 18, 2019): 2364–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2018-0307.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to systematically develop a delay risk terminology and taxonomy. This research also explores two external and internal dimensions of the taxonomy to determine how much the taxonomy as a whole or combinations of its elements are generalisable. Design/methodology/approach Using mixed methods research, this systematic literature review incorporated data from 46 articles to establish delay risk terminology and taxonomy. Qualitative data of the top 10 delay risks identified in each article were coded based on the grounded theory and constant comparative analysis using a three-stage coding approach. Word frequency analysis and cross-tabulation were used to develop the terminology and taxonomy. Association rules within the taxonomy were also explored to define risk paths and to unmask associations among the risks. Findings In total, 26 delay risks were identified and grouped into ten categories to form the risk breakdown structure. The universal delay risks and other delay risks that are more or less depending on the project location were determined. Also, it is realized that delays connected to equipment, sub-contractors and design drawings are highly connected to project planning, finance and owner slow decision making, respectively. Originality/value The established terminology and taxonomy may be used in manual or automated risk management systems as a baseline for delay risk identification, management and communication. In addition, the association rules assist the risk management process by enabling mitigation of a combination of risks together.
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Vahidi, Homayoun, and Tarek Sayed. "Using the Canadian ITS architecture for evaluating the safety benefits of intelligent transportation systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 970–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l03-032.
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The benefits of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are indirectly represented by the annual world market for ITS, which according to ITS Canada (2002) will be $90 billion CAN by 2011. Improved safety is often cited as the top goal of implementing ITS. Despite the magnitude of these investments and their underlying goal to improve transportation safety, there are deficiencies in the quantity and quality of reported ITS safety benefits. Many of the benefits reported to date suffer from poor data, lack of an evaluation framework, and inconsistent terminology used to attribute benefits to ITS application areas. This paper explores these issues, while attempting to address one of them, namely the lack of an evaluation framework for assessing the safety benefits of ITS. Accordingly, a unique framework is developed based on the Canadian ITS architecture. The framework includes the identification of evaluation metrics that are mapped to the market packages in the Canadian ITS architecture and correlated with each other to capture the "cause" and "effect" flow of benefits. This framework will benefit future ITS safety evaluations by providing a structure for undertaking evaluations using terminology consistent with the Canadian ITS architecture.Key words: intelligent transportation systems, ITS architecture, safety benefits, safety evaluation.
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Banks, Harvey Thomas, Shuhua Hu, and Zackary R. Kenz. "A Brief Review of Elasticity and Viscoelasticity for Solids." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 3, no. 1 (February 2011): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.10-m1030.
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AbstractThere are a number of interesting applications where modeling elastic and/or viscoelastic materials is fundamental, including uses in civil engineering, the food industry, land mine detection and ultrasonic imaging. Here we provide an overview of the subject for both elastic and viscoelastic materials in order to understand the behavior of these materials. We begin with a brief introduction of some basic terminology and relationships in continuum mechanics, and a review of equations of motion in a continuum in both Lagrangian and Eulerian forms. To complete the set of equations, we then proceed to present and discuss a number of specific forms for the constitutive relationships between stress and strain proposed in the literature for both elastic and viscoelastic materials. In addition, we discuss some applications for these constitutive equations. Finally, we give a computational example describing the motion of soil experiencing dynamic loading by incorporating a specific form of constitutive equation into the equation of motion.
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Ярица, Людмила Ивановна. "TERMINOLOGY STUDY BY FOREIGN STUDENTS AT THE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT AT A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY." Pedagogical Review, no. 6(34) (December 14, 2020): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2020-6-129-140.
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Рассматривается вопрос преподавания русского языка как иностранного в техническом вузе России. Актуальность темы обусловлена ростом числа иностранных студентов в российских вузах и необходимостью скорейшего овладения ими русским языком. Описаны особенности изучения русской научной лексики, терминологического аппарата технических дисциплин, в частности языка математики, иностранными студентами, обучающимися на подготовительном отделении Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. Проведен лингвистический эксперимент, в ходе которого студентам был предложен диктант, изобилующий научной лексикой; описаны результаты, а также нарушения произношения и написания терминов, так как главную трудность представляет именно изучение лексики научного стиля речи. Выявлены и описаны, структурированы особенности отступлений от нормы, предложены варианты работы по реализации программы отработки навыков нормативного письма иностранными студентами. Достаточно трудным является определение границы слова, написание букв в конце слова, восприятие шипящих согласных, парных согласных по глухости/звонкости, мягкости/твердости; определение рода имен существительных (в большинстве языков народов бывшего Советского Союза нет категории рода). В связи с этим возникает необходимость тщательно продумывать типы упражнений в соответствии с потребностью учащихся и их последовательность. The issue of teaching Russian as a foreign language in a technical university in Russia is considered. The relevance is due both to the increase in the number of foreign students in Russian universities and the need for them to master the Russian language as soon as possible in order to continue their studies in Russian. The aim of the work is to describe the features of mastering Russian scientific vocabulary, the terminology of technical disciplines, in particular, the language of mathematics by foreign students studying at the preparatory department of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Building). A linguistic experiment was carried out, when students were offered to write a dictation, replete with scientific vocabulary. The results, as well as violations of pronunciation and spelling of terms have been described, since the main difficulty is precisely the study of the vocabulary of the scientific style of speech. The peculiarities of deviations from the standard were also identified, structured, and described. Options for the implementation of the program for the development of normative writing skills by foreign students were proposed. Rather difficult is the definition of the word boundary, writing letters at the end of a word, the perception of hissing consonants, paired consonants (unvoiced – voiced), soft – hard; determination of the gender of a noun (in most languages of the former Soviet Union there is no category of gender). This requires the necessity of elaborate thinking over the exercise types and their sequence in accordance with students’ needs. This work continues a series of methodical publications, the main aim of which is improving the quality of foreign student education in technical universities of Russia.
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Grubert, Emily, Emily Rogers, and Kelly T. Sanders. "Consistent Terminology and Reporting Are Needed to Describe Water Quantity Use." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 146, no. 8 (August 2020): 04020064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001241.
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Machado-León, José Luis, and Anne Goodchild. "Review of Performance Metrics for Community-Based Planning for Resilience of the Transportation System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2604, no. 1 (January 2017): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2604-06.
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Community resilience depends on the resilience of the lifeline infrastructure and the performance of the disaster-related functions of local governments. State and federal resilience plans and guidelines acknowledge the importance of the transportation system as a critical lifeline in planning for community resilience and in helping local governments to set recovery goals. However, a widely accepted definition of the resilience of the transportation system and a structure for its measurement are not available. This paper provides a literature review that summarizes the metrics used to assess the resilience of the transportation system and a categorization of the assessment approaches at three levels of analysis (the asset, network, and systems levels). Furthermore, this paper ties these metrics to relevant dimensions of community resilience. This work addresses a key first step required to enhance the efficiency of planning related to transportation system resilience by providing ( a) a standard terminology with which efforts to enhance the resilience of the transportation system can be developed, ( b) an approach to organize planning and research efforts related to the resilience of the transportation system, and ( c) identification of the gaps in measurement of the performance of the resilience of the transportation system.
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Al-Bermani, F. G. A., S. Kitipornchai, and S. L. Chan. "Formex Formulation of Transmission Tower Structures." International Journal of Space Structures 7, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119200700101.
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The formex formulation of the topological configuration, geometry, load and support conditions of self-supporting or free-standing transmission towers is presented. In the formulation, a natural normat coordinate system is used. The tower topology is formulated according to member types and orientations within the tower. The formex formulation is implemented as a preprocessor for a general elasto-plastic nonlinear large displacement analysis program for transmission tower structures. The data generated from the formex formulation is transformed into an AutoLISP file that can be loaded and used by AutoCAD. Throughout the paper, it is assumed that the readers are familiar with the basic concept and terminology used in formex algebra.
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Mehrbod, Sarmad, Sheryl Staub-French, and Melanie Tory. "BIM-based building design coordination: processes, bottlenecks, and considerations." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, no. 1 (January 2020): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2018-0287.
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Successful management of the building design coordination process is critical to the efficient delivery of cost-effective and quality projects. The traditional setting of design coordination, however, is inefficient and error-prone. Building information modelling (BIM) has proven valuable for increasing satisfaction with the meeting process and decreasing arguments over issues. Despite the many advantages of BIM tools, however, many design coordination issues remain undetected, design issues are poorly documented, and coordination strategies are inefficient. The objective of this study was to develop a characterization of the BIM building design coordination process, identify the bottlenecks in the current process, and provide design considerations to alleviate the bottlenecks. The bottlenecks include: outdated BIM, disconnected trades, lack of terminology, insufficient documentation, inefficient transitions across views and artifacts, unavailability of design information, information discrepancy, unfit navigation tools, and office–site disconnect. The outcomes of this research is useful for future construction projects and the software development community.
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Terry, Jacob, and Chris Bachmann. "Spatial Characteristics of Transit-Integrated Ridesourcing Trips and Their Competitiveness with Transit and Walking Alternatives." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 3 (March 2020): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120909842.
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Municipal transit agencies are exploring integrations with ridesourcing vehicles to extend the reach of their fixed-route transit networks. Ridesourcing integrations have been piloted in some regions, but these pilots tend not to be externally evaluated because of an inability to access the trip data. The primary objective of this research was to determine the types of trips passengers are taking through a transit-integrated ridesourcing pilot, and their competitiveness with transit and walking alternatives. The analysis focused on the 903 Flex pilot operated by the Region of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. A set of 585 completed ridesourcing trips (rides) were studied and compared with the alternative transit and walking trips. Each ride was assigned a type, based on its proximity to transit and walking alternatives, for calculation and comparison of trip attributes. Terminology for types of rides is introduced and the categorization process applied to the ridesourcing pilot. Trip categories include: feeders, transit replacements, inconvenient trips, and remote trips. Results suggest that most trips in the study operated on an indirect feeder-like system (65%), which brought passengers between virtual ridesourcing stops and a transit stop, but not the transit stop closest to them. The alternative fixed-route transit trips mainly operated on 30-min headways, and alternative walking times were often long. The trips were found to mostly support or maintain transit usage, but the transit agency should be cautious of cases in which rides occur alongside transit (18%), instead of bringing people to it.
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Gagnon, J., J. B. Sérodes, and G. Simian. "SEXTANG : système expert d'aide à l'exploitation des stations d'épuration par étangs aérés facultatifs." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 500–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-064.
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When completed, the actual program of municipal wastewater abatment of Quebec will comprise, among many treatment stations, approximately 400 facultative aerated lagoons. This type of station needs some supervision to maintain a good performance. Failure to adequately supervise the process could result in partly treated waters, not meeting environmental regulations, being released, SEXTANG is a prototype of expert system developed to assist operators of these stations in their every day duties and to identify the causes of misfunctions and propose solutions. Four different functions are available: (i) diagnosis and solutions to identified problems, (ii) data record and processing of current parameters, (iii) sludge management, and (iv) information on environmental regulations, SEXTANG presents also a user friendly interface with functions like an explanation of questions asked by the system, a dictionary of wastewater treatment terminology, and the access, at any time during a consultation, to the values and answers given by the operator since the beginning of the consultation. Key words: expert system, wastewater treatment, facultative aerated lagoons, computer-assisted operation.
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Merriam, John L. "Discussion of “ Terminology for Describing On‐Farm Irrigation Water Demands ” by David h. Manz (May, 1988, Col. 114 No. 2)." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 116, no. 1 (January 1990): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1990)116:1(137.2).
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Manz, David H. "Closure to “ Terminology for Describing On‐Farm Irrigation Water Demands ” by David h. Manz (May, 1988, Col. 114 No. 2)." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 116, no. 1 (January 1990): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1990)116:1(139.2).
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Naibaho, Armin. "PENENTUAN KOMPOSISI OPTIMUM BETON MARINE BERBASIS KONSEP REABILITAS." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v11i1.129.
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The terminology ’marine concrete’ resrved for concrete material to structures in the marine area extreme condition. Many civil engineering building in the suburban sea area, for example dock and retaining scouring waves wall. Be expected of this fly ash utilization of waste can answer market (construction world) request to readymix concrete request with price which more economial but with quality which stay awake. This observation purpose to: (1) determining the optimum composition to concrete in the moring area (with extreme condition) with involves these aspecks as “high performance concrete “ that is : high strength, high fracture resistance, low permeability, shrinkage controlled creep,(2). Study of interface zone condition with involves aspects of cohesion to determine Mode I Fracture Resistance.Based on the results of analysis and discussion, so we have: (1). Show that the used of the number fly ash 10% will produce the greatest compressive strength-caracteristik = 58,56 MPa, whereas without the used of fly ash ( 0 %) obtained = 56,44 MPa, (2). Calculation of probability and reability obtained values: to tested specimen which do not use fly ash (0%; Reliability is ↔ R = 1 – P = 1 – 0,72 = 0,28 and the addition of 10% fly ash, obtained Reliability is ↔ R = 1 – P = 1 – 0,70 = 0,30.Suggested the need for the selection of quality materials, procedures In the implemention and maintenance of the test specimen after casted suggested thats need tight control to produce compressive strength field in maximum. Keywords : marine concrete, fly ash, compressive strength, mixture variatio, probability and reability.
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Fenci, Giulia E., and Neil GR Currie. "Deployable structures classification: A review." International Journal of Space Structures 32, no. 2 (June 2017): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351117711290.
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Deployable structures have the capacity to transform and predictably adopt multiple predetermined configurations, moving through known paths, while deploying in a controlled and safe way. These characteristics introduce benefits when considering issues such as ease of transportation, erection and the overall sustainability of the structure by means of high material efficiency, modularisation and maximum use of natural energy resources. The aim of this article is to provide a critical review of existing attempts at classifying deployable structures identifying connections between different families through their mechanical and structural behaviours. The classifications selected consider theoretical and applied deployable structures, not focusing on a single application of deployable structures but including those ranging from spatial applications, to temporary and disaster relief structure, through to medical applications, providing coherence where terminology varies between applications. In order to gain a consistent understanding, tree diagrams were created for the review/classification to allow drawing commonalities and establishing differences between authors. A chronological approach was adopted, using key review work as focal points for the timeline, complemented by smaller more specific pieces of work. This enabled the identification of common features and divergences between the different authors, bringing to the conclusion that a clear, comprehensive, consistent and unified classification of deployable structures is currently missing within the field.
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Pawłowska, Barbara. "Koszty zewnętrzne transportu w Polsce." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 27, no. 1 (April 14, 2018): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2018.27.1.4.
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The development of transport sector is very closely linked to the process of socio-economic development. The interrelations between transport and economic growth are complex and there are many feedbacks. Transport has a vital role – it brings the markets closer together, increases production, activates regions around the infrastructure, enabling other sectors to function smoothly. Transport is also the source of many significant negative externalities for the environment, society and economy. It also turns out that, despite many years of experience in the study of the external effects and costs of transport, there are still large discrepancies in approaches and research methods, as well as terminology and rules for defining the concepts. The aim of this article is to review available studies on the estimation of external costs and to estimate these costs for transport in Poland using methods recommended by the European Commission. Knowledge of the cost external of transport is the basis for the internalisation of these costs and it allow to choose the most effective transport policy instruments.
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LYSENKO, S., and V. KONDRATIUK. "METHOD FOR RESILIENCE FORECASTING OF THE CALAUD-ORIENTED CYBERPHYSICAL SYSTEMS." Computer Systems and Information Technologies 2, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2020-2-3.
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Cyberphysical system is the integration of physical space (equipment, devices and people) with computing, communication and control systems (cyberspace). The National Institute of Standards and Terminology (NIST) has defined CFS as cyberphysical systems (CFS), which are designed systems built on the continuous integration of computational algorithms and physical components. Improving the CFS provides greater opportunities for performance, adaptability, scalability, stability, security and usability, far exceeding today's simple embedded systems. CFS technology will transform the interaction of people with the engineering system [1, 2]. Today, cyberphysical systems exist in various fields, such as automotive, aerospace, civil, railway, medical. Large productions seek to increase the availability of the asset, while reducing maintenance costs through cyberphysical systems. With the development of the industry and the use of systems in production, the proposed maintenance is used constantly to avoid failures. CFS maintenance is performed when certain indicators signal that the condition of the system has deteriorated. One way to solve this problem is to provide systems with resistance properties. Such systems are able to recover quickly and continue to function in changing conditions [3-9]. Therefore, the urgent task is to develop approaches that will predict the resilience of cyberphysical systems based on cloud computing. It is necessary to build methods and tools that will monitor the condition of the CFS and predict the timely replacement of their components that may fail. The application of the process of predicting the resilience of cyberphysical systems using cloud-oriented increases the effective reliability and availability of cyberphysical systems in its life cycle by identifying future failures and reducing unscheduled maintenance. The forecasting process involves the assessment of the useful life, and the implementation of a post-forecast decision on maintenance measures in accordance with the rules. The method of predicting the resilience of cloud-oriented cyberphysical systems allows to determine the state of the cyberphysical systems using cloud computing. The mechanism used to reduce the cost of maintenance and detailed planning of maintenance operations, the apparatus of genetic algorithms.
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Haddad, Abdolhosein, Danial Rezazadeh Eidgahee, and Hosein Naderpour. "A probabilistic study on the geometrical design of gravity retaining walls." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 5 (October 2, 2017): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-07-2016-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to introduce a relatively simple method of probabilistic analysis on the dimensions of gravity retaining walls which might lead to a more accurate understanding of failure. Considering the wall geometries in the case of allowable stress design, the probability of wall failure is not clearly defined. The available factor of safety may or may not be sufficient for the designed structure because of the inherent uncertainties in the geotechnical parameters. Moreover, two cases of correlated and uncorrelated geotechnical variables are considered to show how they affect the results. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on the failure and stability of gravity retaining walls which can be stated in three different modes of sliding, overturning and the foundation-bearing capacity failure. Each of these modes of failure might occur separately or simultaneously with a corresponding probability. Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor series method as two conventional methods of probability analysis are implemented, and the results of an assumed example are calculated and compared together. Findings The probability analysis of the failure in each mode is calculated separately and a global failure mode is introduced as the occurrence of three modes of sliding, overturning and foundation-bearing capacity failure. Results revealed that the global mode of failure can be used along with the allowable stress design to show the probability of the worst failure condition. Considering the performance and serviceability level of the retaining structure, the global failure mode can be used. Furthermore, the correlation of geotechnical variables seems to be relatively more dominant on the probability of global failure comparing to each mode of failure. Originality/value The introduced terminology of global mode of failure can be used to provide more information and confidence about the design of retaining structures. The resulted graphs maintain a thorough insight to choose the right dimensions based on the required level of safety.
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Madson, Katherine M., Bryan Franz, Keith R. Molenaar, and Gül Okudan Kremer. "Strategic development of flexible manufacturing facilities." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 6 (January 16, 2020): 1299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2019-0139.
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PurposeThis article addresses the lack of formal design guidance that supports flexibility within the architectural and engineered systems of manufacturing facilities through the development of a taxonomy and associated terminology.Design/methodology/approachThis research performed a comparative analysis of 15 manufacturing facilities located both within the United States (73 percent of cases) and internationally (27 percent of cases). These case studies provided details on how and where flexibility was incorporated into the design of a manufacturing facility. Specific consideration was given to the primary design features that enabled a decoupling of the facility from the manufacturing process. These design features were then clustered to identify main design strategies that enable flexibility.FindingsBy grouping the design features together and creating a common vocabulary, three coherent design approaches for flexible facilities were identified, each having a different potential for responding to short-term and long-term changes. These include general purpose, scalable, and dedicated facilities.Research limitations/implicationsBy delineating three high-level strategies for early flexible facility design, this research synthesizes a conceptual understanding of flexibility with practical and implementable designs. This synthesis provides an incremental advance to a complex challenge for researchers. It also provides decision support to design teams by aiding in project definition, when flexibility is desirable. This research is primarily limited by the number of cases reviewed. With more cases, additional facility design strategies may be identified.Practical implicationsThe findings in this research allow for a basic understanding of how a flexible facility can be designed with only limited or vague information about the product and manufacturing processes contained within. The development of terminology associated with each facility design strategy provides standardization for the discussion and implementation of flexibility early in the design process. In doing so, flexible designs become easier to create and more efficient to implement.Originality/valueThis research provides the first synthesized approach for considering flexible facility design strategies within the manufacturing sector.
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Buckman, A. H., M. Mayfield, and Stephen B.M. Beck. "What is a Smart Building?" Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 3, no. 2 (September 9, 2014): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-01-2014-0003.
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Purpose – Within the building sector a lack of clarity in terminology does not help designers, clients or researchers. Non-domestic buildings have shown rapid increases in the use of advanced technology and control systems with varying drivers, many of which are labelled as intelligent. The term smart has been used interchangeably with intelligent without any clear distinction between the two. If the term Smart Buildings represented a separate, more advanced grouping, it would provide an opportunity to focus the future progress of non-domestic building development. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing upon academic and industrial literature and experience, this paper reviews the scope of Intelligent Buildings and the current available definitions of Smart Buildings to form a clear definition of both smart and Intelligent Buildings. Findings – These definitions define the border between the intelligent and the (more advanced) Smart Building. The upper bound of the Smart Building is defined by (the future development of) the predictive building. Originality/value – This work provides a clear focus which will allow the progression of the non-domestic building sector by providing guidance and aspiration, as well as providing a platform upon which a large amount of technical work can be based.
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Shatokhin, A. Yu. "Administrative Liability for Violations of Fire Safety Requirements at Rental Facilities." Siberian Law Review 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2020-17-4-566-574.
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The article examines the issue of administrative liability of the lessee and the lessor for violations of fire safety requirements in the existing legal regime for leasing buildings (premises). The urgency of the issue under study is substantiated based, first of all, on the existing contradictory judicial practice. The article analyzes the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation that regulate rental legal relations and administrative liability for violation of fire safety requirements, examines specific law enforcement acts, including those of the Constitutional and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, studies publications of foreign authors on similar issues. The position of a number of judicial authorities on the impossibility of changing the public obligations of the parties to fulfill the fire safety requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation by a lease agreement that regulates only their civil obligations is criticized. The study revealed the characteristic features of a lease agreement, such as: direct transfer of things for temporary possession and use, or for temporary use; the temporary nature of the parties' agreement; concessionality of the contract. Considered, proposed by a number of authors, the classification of fire safety requirements into capital (constructive) and regime (operational, functional) and their author's definitions of these terms, based on the results of which their artificiality and incorrectness are justified. The Author has developed a law-based dichotomous classification and corresponding terminology. The possibility of classifying all fire safety requirements into social and technical requirements has been substantiated. It is proposed to consider as social requirements a set of legal norms that establish the rules of human behavior, the procedure for organizing production and (or) maintaining territories, buildings, structures, premises of organizations in order to ensure fire safety. The requirements of a technical nature should include a set of legal norms aimed at protecting people and property from the effects of hazardous fire factors directly related to the structural space-planning features of premises, buildings, technological equipment installed in it, and engineering systems. The following conceptual thesis has been formulated – the lessor is obliged to fulfill at his own expense the fire safety requirements of a technical nature established for the leased property, and the lessee is obliged to maintain the property in good condition, bear the cost of its maintenance and comply with fire safety requirements of a social nature, unless otherwise provided law, other legal acts or lease agreement. The author proposes to reflect the issue of the division of administrative responsibility between the lessee and the lessor at the level of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, in the next review of judicial practice.
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Shatokhin, A. Yu. "Administrative Liability for Violations of Fire Safety Requirements at Rental Facilities." Siberian Law Review 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 566–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2020-17-4-566-574.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the issue of administrative liability of the lessee and the lessor for violations of fire safety requirements in the existing legal regime for leasing buildings (premises). The urgency of the issue under study is substantiated based, first of all, on the existing contradictory judicial practice. The article analyzes the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation that regulate rental legal relations and administrative liability for violation of fire safety requirements, examines specific law enforcement acts, including those of the Constitutional and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, studies publications of foreign authors on similar issues. The position of a number of judicial authorities on the impossibility of changing the public obligations of the parties to fulfill the fire safety requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation by a lease agreement that regulates only their civil obligations is criticized. The study revealed the characteristic features of a lease agreement, such as: direct transfer of things for temporary possession and use, or for temporary use; the temporary nature of the parties' agreement; concessionality of the contract. Considered, proposed by a number of authors, the classification of fire safety requirements into capital (constructive) and regime (operational, functional) and their author's definitions of these terms, based on the results of which their artificiality and incorrectness are justified. The Author has developed a law-based dichotomous classification and corresponding terminology. The possibility of classifying all fire safety requirements into social and technical requirements has been substantiated. It is proposed to consider as social requirements a set of legal norms that establish the rules of human behavior, the procedure for organizing production and (or) maintaining territories, buildings, structures, premises of organizations in order to ensure fire safety. The requirements of a technical nature should include a set of legal norms aimed at protecting people and property from the effects of hazardous fire factors directly related to the structural space-planning features of premises, buildings, technological equipment installed in it, and engineering systems. The following conceptual thesis has been formulated – the lessor is obliged to fulfill at his own expense the fire safety requirements of a technical nature established for the leased property, and the lessee is obliged to maintain the property in good condition, bear the cost of its maintenance and comply with fire safety requirements of a social nature, unless otherwise provided law, other legal acts or lease agreement. The author proposes to reflect the issue of the division of administrative responsibility between the lessee and the lessor at the level of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, in the next review of judicial practice.
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Kuznetsova, Yulia, and Larysa Babash. "THE ROLE OF THE AFFIXAL DERIVATION IN THE CREATION OF FRENCH CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE TERMINOLOGY." Young Scientist 7.1, no. 83.1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2020-83.1-20.
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"BM-1. Terminology of hydrocarbon binders." Materials and Structures 22, no. 3 (May 1989): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02472194.
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Hodkiewicz, Melinda, Sarah Lukens, Michael P. Brundage, and Thurston Sexton. "Rethinking Maintenance Terminology for an Industry 4.0 Future." International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management 12, no. 1 (March 24, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/ijphm.2021.v12i1.2932.
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Sensors and mathematical models have been used since the 1990’s to assess the health of systems and diagnose anomalous behavior. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) increases the range of assets on which data can be collected cost effectively. Cloud-computing and the wider availability of data and models are democratizing the implementation of prognostic health (PHM) technologies. Together, these advancements and other Industry 4.0 developments are creating a paradigm shift in how maintenance work is planned and executed. In this new future, maintenance will be initiated once a potential failure has been detected (using PHM) and thus completed before a functional failure has occurred. Thus corrective work is required since corrective work is defined as “work done to restore the function of an asset after failure or when failure is imminent.” Many metrics for measuring the effectiveness of maintenance work management are grounded in a negative perspective of corrective work and do not clearly capture work arising from condition monitoring and predictive modeling investments. In this paper, we use case studies to demonstrate the need to rethink maintenance terminology. The outcomes of this work include 1) definitions to be used for consistent evaluation of work management performance in an Industry 4.0 future and 2) recommendations to improve detection of work related to PHM activities.
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Göçmen, Elifcan. "Smart Airport: Evaluation of Performance Standards and Technologies for a Smart Logistics Zone." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, July 16, 2021, 036119812110197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211019740.
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Owing to the current context of Industry 4.0, the importance of smart technologies in airport systems have increased substantially. State-of-art applications for transportation planning incorporating baggage services, routing, security, and safety are an evolving domain for both practitioners and researchers dealing with aviation applications. In this context, this paper seeks to answer these questions: Which standards are aimed at a smart airport to make the transportation planning sound? Which propositions are made based on the obtained prioritized standards? This study deals with standards including Environmental Effects, Docking & Navigation, Object Detection & Protection, Communications & Integration, and Terminology using a practical decision support system based on an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy inference system (FIS). Computational results reveal that the Object Detection & Protection standard has an effect on a safe and smart system. To give an overview of this standard for a smart logistics zone (SLZ), an architecture of autonomous robot units and a baggage handling system is proposed in this study. The suggested approach analyzes the obstacle photos obtained by cameras and allows the end-user to control the calculations visually. This research could provide advice to airport planners about smart policies and improving operations.
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Leshner, Michael D. "Forensic Engineers In Patent Litigation." Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers 27, no. 2 (January 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.51501/jotnafe.v27i2.734.
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When Patents Are Challenged In Court, Technical Experts Are Called Upon For Several Reasons. Patent Attorneys Are Engineers, But Depend On Experts To Help Them Understand The Patents In Suit And The State Of The Art At The Time The Invention Was Made. The Ideal Expert For A Particular Case Will Have Worked In The Same Field And Be Familiar With The Technical Literature, Products And Technologies Pre-Dating The Nvention. If A Product Is Accused Of Infringing One Or More Patents, The Engineer Must Be Able To Evaluate The Accused Product With Respect To The Asserted Patent Claims. The Engineer May Review The Patent Application And Prosecution History, Perform Tests, Research Prior Art Patents, Literature, And Products, And Interpret The Language Used In The Patents. Like Other Types Of Forensic Engineering Assignments, Written Reports And Court Testimony Are Often Required. However, Patent Cases Involve Some Unique Terminology And Legal Concepts, Which Will Be Outlined In This Paper.
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Khatibi, Hamed, Suzanne Wilkinson, Mostafa Baghersad, Heiman Dianat, Hidayati Ramli, Meldi Suhatril, Ahad Javanmardi, and Khaled Ghaedi. "The resilient – smart city development: a literature review and novel frameworks exploration." Built Environment Project and Asset Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (May 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-03-2020-0049.
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PurposeThis paper aims to develop a framework that could establish and further the terminology of smart city/resilient city discourse in that resilience could support urban “smartness”, a term that is widely argued being not easily measured nor quantifiably assessed.Design/methodology/approachThe qualitative approach was employed, and based on selected keywords, a systematic literature review was carried out to understand the main themes within the smart city and resilient city concepts databases. Upon screening, 86 papers were used and synthesised through the meta-synthesis method using both synthesis approach, meta-aggregation and meta-ethnography that systematically identifies both properties and characteristics, to build an innovative framework as an indicator-based smart/resilience quantification model.FindingsTwo novel frameworks are proposed, smart resilient city (SRC) and resilient smart city (RSC), as guidelines regulatory that establish a city's smartness and resilience.Research limitations/implicationsThe quantitative research phase is not provided as the framework builds on the exploratory approach in which the model is proposed through the postulation of data definitions.Practical implicationsAlthough the study's scope was limited to the city, proposed frameworks may be interpreted for other contexts that deal with the topic of resilience and smart.Originality/valueThe established framework proposal would encourage further exploration in context, serving as an inspiration for other scholars, decision-makers, as well as municipalities to keep strengthening smart city through resilience factors.