Dissertations / Theses: 'Civil engineers Civil engineers. Engineering'

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Li, Tak-shun Dominic. "Management training of a civil engineer /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12315813.

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Bakht, Agha Bedar. "Engineering Leadership Competencies for Entry-Level Civil Engineers." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6165.

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The general problem is that while technical engineering firms today require entry-level, full-time engineers to possess leadership skills, companies have failed to indicate which leadership competencies are most important in their recruitment and hiring process. This study's contributions could have implications for the long-term career prospects of engineers as well as the future outlook and sustainability of engineering companies. The specific problem is that various disciplines in the engineering profession, such as the construction sector, have yet to clearly define which leadership competencies are most important for the job market in their specific areas. Advancements in this regard are important for both entry-level engineers and engineering companies given the strong competition in local and international markets. The purpose of this qualitative study using a multiple case study design was to explore the views of managers in the construction industry on leadership competencies most needed in the job market for entry-level civil engineers. The study was framed by three concepts of engineering leadership. The research question was: How do the perceptions of managers in the construction industry establish a basis of leadership competencies most needed in the job market for entry-level civil engineers? Applying the knowledge gained from this inquiry has the potential for positive social impact by driving reforms in educational curricula and professional settings and with industry leaders to further the personal development of early-stage civil engineers, supporting their career success and the success of their companies.

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Woo, Yiu-man Edwin. "An investigation of motivation and job satisfaction of civil and structural engineers in the building and civil engineering industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128183.

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Hayes, Marion. "Creativity in consulting engineering: how civil engineers talk about design." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16263/.

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An appropriate civil infrastructure is vital to the wealth and wellbeing of cultures. Appropriateness is increasingly defined in terms of sustainability, aesthetics, innovation and cultural suitability. These expectations pose challenges for engineers to use their creativity, aesthetic appreciation, knowledge and character to predict and respond creatively with their designs. However, a treadmill of cost innovation in construction projects makes improved design challenging. This tends to reinforce the misconception that engineers are dull and uncreative, even though historically they have displayed considerable imagination and ingenuity. This thesis is based on an in-depth study conducted at the Brisbane office of Kellogg Brown & Root P/L (a large consulting engineering firm). A contemporary qualitative approach is used to explore how creativity is manifested in an engineering design context, and how it relates to phenomena such as knowledge, innovation, project culture and organizational environment. In-depth interviews reveal the authentic meaning of design and creativity for engineers and other company staff. The study highlights an important distinction between design-based and cost-driven innovation and unveils multiple influences that can stifle or nurture personal and group creativity.

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李德順 and Tak-shun Dominic Li. "Management training of a civil engineer." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3126329X.

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Woo, Yiu-man Edwin, and 胡耀民. "An investigation of motivation and job satisfaction of civil and structural engineers in the building and civil engineering industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128183.

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Arnaud, Virginie B. (Virginie Blandine). "Quantifying architects' and engineers' use of structural design software." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82174.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Page 137 blank. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-136). Both architects and engineers encounter significant barriers and hurdles that compartmentalize both fields and increase the complexity of collaborative design. In addition to little interaction between both fields, software programs are limited in many aspects. That is why the current industry's organization and tools confront engineers and architects with significant challenges. If improvements are made, they would reduce designers' effort and the time spent to overcome these challenges, and would positively impact the quality of their work. Thus, it is necessary to identify problems in current tools and to study the design process to find areas for improvement in design software programs. This paper presents a discussion on the limitations of structural design software and a study on the differences between architects and engineers during the design process through the analysis of the use of a newly developed framework: StructureFIT. This tool was recently developed at MIT and aims to create an interface between both disciplines. In this thesis, a usability study and a questionnaire were specifically designed to gather data from 38 graduate students of architecture and engineering. This material aims to assess users' level of satisfaction with current tools, identify the areas to be improved in current software programs, quantify the differences in designers' practices, and assess StructureFIT. The analysis of findings suggests that users are not fully satisfied with current tools. The reason is that most design tools do not easily foster the exploration of structural alternatives due to lack of user-friendliness, compared to StructureFIT that did meet the users' demands. This work also provides a better understanding of engineers' and architects' respective design approaches as discussed through the analysis of the usability study results. Lastly, StructureFIT does provide a positive design exploration for designers, since the tool enabled users to dramatically improve structural performance while providing a wide diversity of solutions. The richness of generated efficient design solutions is what makes StructureFIT an innovative and promising approach. by Virginie B. Arnaud. M.Eng.

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Simoneau, Craig L. (Craig Lance). "Alternative contracting methods in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45728.

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Forbes, Brian. "Enhancing co-operative education through improved service delivery with reference to civil engineering technicians in training." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1966.

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Thesis (MTech (Post School Education))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town,1999 The education and training of civil engineering technicians is an integrated and dynamic process. The success of any service delivery process will be dependent on the meaningful interaction of all role players, given their understanding and commitment to desirable educational ideals and endeavours. With the rapid changes in technology and the arrival of democracy in South Africa, an ideal opportunity existed to review current practices and operational procedures, with a view to making some input toward restructuring. A review of service delivery strategies could make a positive contribution to improving the education and training of civil engineering technicians as well as improving the ideals of co-operative education. The purpose of the study was to analyse the service delivery strategies within the National Diploma in Civil Engineering course by examining the relationship between the views and expectations of students, academic staff and industry towards desirable leaming outcomes, against the current status of service delivery strategies. The study then explored success factors that could enhance the development of civil engineering technicians in training, within the co-operative education relationship. The literature study concentrated on the nature and value of co-operative education. It also highlighted the contributions of the respective role players in educational strategies and their added value to the education of technicians in training. An important distinction was established between training and learning where training, as a content-driven concept has been redefined to learning, which implies a more student-centred approach in the search for knowledge and the demonstration of skills. Questionnaires were compiled which attempted to measure views and perceptions on desirable outcomes in relation to current practices prevailing in service delivery strategies by technikons and industry. The survey was completed by a total of 268 respondents consisting of 178 students, 40 academic staff from nine technikons and 50 companies from industry in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, Kwazulu Natal and Gauteng. A statistical analysis and observations revealed reasonable consistency in the desirable outcomes of student learning and achievement. The survey also revealed that there were significant differences between the three samples when it came to measuring the contributions and involvement of the three parties in service delivery implementation. The conclusions flowing from the literature study and the empirical investigation revealed that the gap between the current status and desirable learning outcomes are being prejudiced by the inefficient application and utilisation of available and resources.

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Martin, Gregg Forrest. "Turning "green" : oganizational change in the Army Corps of Engineers, 1962-1991." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12904.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1992. Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 378-415). by Gregg F. Martin. Ph.D.

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Nel, Coenraad Josephus. "Developing a structured professional development program for engineering professionals within the public sector environment." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85671.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is currently experiencing a time in which existing infrastructure is reaching its design life end. With a growing economy and the increased level of social development, existing infrastructure is under extreme pressure. South Africa is also facing a challenge in which a need exists for engineering capabilities. These capabilities include engineering skills to maintain and manage existing infrastructure, plan for new infrastructure and construct new needed infrastructure. This study looks at a possible solution towards the above mentioned challenges. As a solution, the study proposes a professional development program to prepare engineers to work in the environment of infrastructure development. More specifically the program prepares civil engineers to work in public sector organisations responsible for basic service infrastructure. The research for the proposed professional development program is done by comparing literature with feedback received from various industry professionals. By doing this, the components for the proposed program were researched and identified. The components for the proposed program are professional work experience, professional training and structured mentorship. A further deliverable of the proposed program is to assist candidates taking part in the program to register as professional engineers on completion of the program. The study further showed the proposed program should be structured in such a way that all the components mentioned above work together interactively and should be centrally managed to ensure all the goals for the program are being reached. It is further stated that if the proposed program could successfully be implemented and if all the stakeholders commit towards the goal of the proposed program, the program could have a significant positive impact towards the challenges mentioned above. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika beleef tans 'n tyd waarin bestaande infrastruktuur besig is om hul ontwerp tydperk te bereik. Met 'n groeiende ekonomie en die verhoogde vlak van maatskaplike ontwikkeling is bestaande infrastruktuur onder geweldige druk. Suid- Afrika staar ook tans `n uitdaging in die gesig in verband met onvoldoende getalle professionele ingenieurs, veral in die omgewing van die instandhouding van bestaande infrastruktuur, die konstruksie van nuwe infrastruktuur, en die beplanning van verdere nodige infrastruktuur. Hierdie studie ondersoek dus 'n moontlike oplossing tot bogenoemde uitdagings. As 'n moonlike oplossing stel die studie voor dat `n professionele ontwikkelingsprogram vir ingenieurs saamgestel word. So `n program sal dus ingenieurs oplei en voorberei vir werk binne die openbare sektor wat verantwoordelik is vir die ontwikkeling en bestuur van basiese dienste infrastruktuur. Die navorsing vir die voorgestelde professionele ontwikkeling program is gedoen deur bestaande literatuur te vergelyk met inligting ontvang vanaf verskeie professionele ingenieurs in die praktyk. Deur dit te doen, is die komponente vir die voorgestelde program nagevors en geïdentifiseer. Die geïdentifiseerde komponente vir die voorgestelde program is dus soos volg: professionele werkservaring, opleiding en gestruktureerde mentorskap. 'n Verdere aflewering van die voorgestelde program is om kandidate te registreer as professionele ingenieurs teen voltooiing van die program. Die studie toon ook verder aan dat al die komponente, soos wat hierbo genoem is, geïntegreerd moet plaasvind en dat die program gestruktureerd bestuur moet word vanaf `n sentrale punt of organisasie. Dit word dan verder genoem dat indien die voorgestelde program suksesvol geïmplementeer kan word, en indien die verskeie belanghebbendes tot die program hulle self tot die program kan verbind, die program 'n beduidende positiewe impak op die uitdagings hierbo kan maak.

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Smith, Jeffrey Craig 1958. "Mega-project construction management--the Corps of Engineers and Bechtel Group in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45706.

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Dornstauder, Alex Christopher. "Hazardous waste remediation and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers : facilitating technological innovation through construction mangagement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45709.

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Sims, Benjamin Hayden. "On shifting ground : earthquakes, retrofit and engineering culture in California /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975893.

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Strasheim, Jacobus Alexander van Breda. "A relation-based approach to Engineering Management Systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1328.

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Thesis (PhD (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. The primary goal of this thesis is to indicate how systems theory and engineering process modelling can be applied to provide models for consulting engineering service business enterprises. The typical management systems used for these businesses are investigated to determine the application of systems and process models. The motivation for this study is based on the fact that integrated management systems for consulting engineering practices are presently based on selective business analysis and process modelling that has evolved over time, as reported in a survey and study by Smit [110]. Furthermore, current engineering management systems are simply computer implementations of management procedures based on techniques that were developed to solve problems in the absence of the computational capabilities of the modern computer. To rectify this, a fundamental approach to analyse the business and management functions using systems theory and engineering process modelling techniques is required, which has not been attempted to date. This study develops and demonstrates the application of fundamental analysis in consulting engineering enterprise management and reviews advantages that can be obtained from using this approach. It is shown that the mathematical Algebra of Relations and associated Graph Theory provide the mathematical basis on which management problems can be treated systematically. Since these fields of mathematics are well developed and very broad, the essential parts of the theories are identified. Thereupon, the application of the very abstract mathematical concepts to two important and typical engineering management problems are developed, which represents the core contribution of the dissertation. The study is developed and presented in two parts and an addendum: 1. The first part provides an overview of the necessary mathematical theory required to support development of business models. 2. Management systems theory and relation- and graph theory-based engineering process modelling techniques are applied in this part to build generic enterprise models and data processing models. These models provide inputs for the management processes of professional service business enterprises. The outcome of the modelling and analysis is a set of database models with reporting functionality, to be used in the management process. A demonstration of technology available for development of the models and techniques, described in the previous part, is undertaken in this part. Generic implementations of database models and reporting techniques for systems which deal with management data in a consulting engineering business are developed, described and demonstrated. 3. In the addendum to the study, typical models and system functionality needed to support the management functions of the consulting engineering service business are identified. These management functions include: • Business strategy and long term planning • Marketing and promotion • Finance, including bookkeeping and auditing • Personnel • Facilities management and document management • Logistics, i.e., management of resources required for the business to operate • Knowledge management • Production management, i.e., management of the execution of project work • Administration • Risk management Production management can use the engineering process model approach, modelling the management of tasks, persons, datasets and tools as these are applied to the consulting engineering business. Sample subsystems to support selected management functions are identified and analysed. The integration of these systems with commercially available systems to support accounting and management reporting can follow from this analysis. The study contributes to the body of knowledge in the field of engineering management by providing insights into the application of a specific branch of mathematics to provide fundamental solutions to engineering management problems. It also shows how these solutions are mapped to the computer, and describes available information techniques and technology to support the mapping. The outcome is a document setting out the theory required to develop robust enterprise management systems, the development and demonstration of technology required to do this and, as an addendum, a high level specification of business and management system functionality required for the professional engineering service business.

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Chan, Chi-on. "Professionals in the civil service : a study of the problems of structural engineers in the Housing Department /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12335162.

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Chan, Chi-on, and 陳志安. "Professionals in the civil service: a study of the problems of structural engineers in the Housing Department." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31974983.

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Vosloo, Robert Nicolaas. "The role of civil engineering professionals within the housing environment in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20146.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of mass housing is an excellent example of multi-disciplinary projects. Several housing projects have been unsuccessful due to a misunderstanding of the necessary collaboration and buy-in that are required from all parties concerned. The focus of this study is to identify the required skill sets and responsibilities of the Housing Project Manager in the Housing environment, and in turn, will support the development of the foundation of the civil engineering postgraduate curricula. Civil engineers are educated with a strong focus on technical subjects, but not much attention is paid to many of the less technical aspects as found in housing projects. Furthermore, the multi-disciplinary aspects of large projects do not receive sufficient attention in either the undergraduate or postgraduate curricula. Considering that many civil engineers become actively involved as managers of housing projects, this paper will present an investigation into the requirements of the curricula of a postgraduate qualification for civil engineers towards becoming managers in housing projects. The investigation will include aspects of multi-disciplinary coordination, the less technical aspects of housing development, but will not exclude a comprehension of technical involvement. In order to identify these skill sets and responsibilities several approaches were adopted. The approaches adopted in this dissertation include: (i) a comprehensive literature study regarding the housing environment and the position of the housing project manager, (ii) a review of several housing case studies with project management related problems, (iii) consulting with several housing management professionals from different sectors in the housing industry, and (iv) a review of existing formulations of the role and responsibilities of the housing project manager. The findings from this study provide evidence that civil engineers operating in the housing environment as project managers require additional education, due to the multi-disciplinary nature of housing projects. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that educating civil engineers towards the management of housing projects would contribute significantly to the housing environment through increasing productivity and quality, and can contribute to meet the housing targets of the government. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van massa behuising is 'n uitstekende voorbeeld van multidissiplinêre projekte. Verskeie behuisingsprojekte was al onsuksesvol as gevolg van 'n misverstand oor die nodige samewerking en bydraes wat vereis word van alle betrokke partye. Die fokus van hierdie studie is om die vaardighede en verantwoordelikhede van die behuisingsprojekbestuurder in die behuisingsomgewing te identifiseer. Hierdie kennis ondersteun die ontwikkeling van ŉ raamwerk vir ŉ nagraadse kurrikulum in behuisingsbestuur. Siviele ingenieurs is opgelei met 'n sterk fokus op tegniese vaardighede, maar relatief min aandag word geskenk aan minder tegniese aspekte soos gevind word in behuisingsprojekte. Verder, multidissiplinêre bestuursaspekte van groot projekte ontvang nie voldoende aandag in óf die voorgraadse óf nagraadse kurrikula nie. Wetende dat baie siviele ingenieurs aktief betrokke raak as bestuurders van behuisingsprojekte, ondersoek hierdie studie ŉ raamwerk vir ŉ nagraadse kwalifikasie vir siviele ingenieurs as bestuurders van behuisingsprojekte. Die ondersoek sluit in aspekte van die multidissiplinêre koördinasie asook minder tegniese aspekte van behuisingsontwikkeling, maar dit sluit nie 'n begrip van die tegniese betrokkenheid uit nie. Verskeie benaderings is toegepas om die vaardighede en verantwoordelikhede van behuisingsbestuurders te identifiseer. Die benaderings sluit in: (i) 'n omvattende literatuurstudie ten opsigte van behuising en die posisie van die behuisings-projekbestuurder, (ii) 'n oorsig van verskeie behuisings- gevallestudies met projekbestuur verwante probleme, (iii) raadpleging met verskeie professionele rolspelers van verskillende sektore in die behuisingbestuur omgewing, en (iv) 'n hersiening van bestaande beskrywings van die rol en verantwoordelikhede van die behuisings-projekbestuurder. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie verskaf bewyse dat siviele ingenieurs wat in die behuisingsbedryf as projekbestuurders optree, bykomende opleiding benodig as gevolg van die multidissiplinêre aard van projekte. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekking van hierdie studie is dat die opleiding van siviele ingenieurs in die bestuur van behuisingsprojekte ŉ aansienlike bydrae kan lewer tot behuising deur produktiwiteit en kwaliteit te verhoog. Dit kan bydra tot die bereiking van die regering se behuisingsdoelwitte.

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Okonkwo, Patrick Nwabueze. "Consultants risk : an investigation into the impact of discounted professional fees on the risk exposure of civil and structural engineering services consultants in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95865.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since the intervention of the Competition Commission and the abolition of the mandatory use of the government gazetted Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA) fees scale, engineering services consultants in South Africa have been competing based on price for engineering contracts in both the public and private sectors. Discounts benchmarked against ECSA professional fees scale demanded by clients have resulted in declines in professional fees over the years. The capacity to deliver professional services that are of such high quality that it meets the client’s expectation, professional and ethical standards when working at low fees is one of the biggest challenges facing consulting professionals today. This research studied the risks encountered by civil and structural engineering services consultants and the impact of discounted professional fees on their risk exposure. The study included a review of literature, discussions with practicing engineers and a questionnaire based survey. A total of 23 practicing consulting engineers representing small, medium and large consulting engineering firms participated as respondents in the questionnaire survey. The literature review identified project and organisational level risks particular to civil and structural engineering services consultants. The study compiled information on the discounting practices of civil and structural engineering services consultants in South Africa. It is found that the practice of discounting is widespread, affecting small, medium and large consulting firms. The range of discounts offered in the industry results in a significant decrease in the fee scale recommended by ECSA for various engineering project types. Respondents identified the primary reasons why they are forced to offer discounts and identified project and organisational risks most impacted by discounted fees in an order of perceived importance to them. Financial loss on the project, inadequate supervision and quality control on site and inability to perform value engineering were identified as project risks with the most impact on respondents’ organisation. At the organisational level human resource issues such as training and mentoring of young engineers, ability to attract and retain quality/experienced staff and overall business sustenance were identified as risks most impacted by discounted fees. Measures adopted by respondents to mitigate risk associated with discounted fees on project were also identified and recommended. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die ingryping van die Kompetisie Kommissie en die afskaffing van verpligte fooie soos gepubliseer deur die regerings koerant en Ingenieurs Raad van Suid Afrika (IRSA), het ingenieurs konsultante in Suid Afrika meegeding gebaseer op die prys van ingenieurs kontrakte in beide die publieke en private sektore. Afslag wat gemeet word teen professionele skale van ECSA word vereis deur kliënte. Onetiese tender gedrag deur kliënte en raadgewers het gelei tot ŉ daling in professionele fooie oor die jare. Die kapasiteit om professionele dienste te verskaf, wat van ŉ hoë kwaliteit is, kliënte se verwagtinge bereik en professionele en etiese standaarde bereik teen lae koste is een van die grootste uitdagings vir professionele raadgewende ingenieurs in vandag se mark. Hierdie tesis bestudeer die risiko’s wat siviele en strukturele raadgewende ingenieurs ondervind, asook die impak wat afslag van professionele fooie het in terme van die blootstelling van risiko’s. Hierdie studie behels ŉ literatuur studie, gesprekke met ingenieurs in die praktyk en ŉ vraelys opname. ŉ Totaal van 23 raadgewende ingenieurs wat klein, medium en groot raadgewende ingenieurs instansies verteenwoordig het deelgeneem aan die vraelys opname. Die literatuur studie het projek risiko’s en risiko’s op die organisasie vlak geïdentifiseer wat veral verband hou met siviele en strukturele raadgewende dienste. Die studie het informasie gegenereer oor die dalende uitvoering van siviele en strukturele raadgewende dienste in Suid-Afrika. Dit is bevind dat die beginsel van afslag in die algemeen klein, medium en groot raadgewende firmas beïnvloed. Die omvang van die afslag wat aangebied word in die ingenieurs bedryf het gelei tot ŉ beduidende afname in die fooi skaal wat aanbeveel word deur ECSA vir die verskeie ingenieurs projek tipes. Die verskeie deelnemers van die studie het gedui dat die primêre rede hoekom hulle gedwing word om afslag aan te bied en projek en organisasie risiko’s identifiseer, is omdat afslag fooie ŉ voorafgestelde belang is vir hulle. Finansiële verliese op ŉ projek, onvoldoende toesig, kwaliteitsbeheer en die onvermoë om hoë gehalte ingenieurswese toe te pas was geïdentifiseer as die projek risiko’s wat die meeste invloed het op die deelnemers se organisasies. By die organisasie vlak was menslike hulpbronne, soos opleiding en die mentorskap van jong ingenieurs, die vermoë om kwaliteit of ervare personeel te trek en te behou, en die algehele besigheid lewensmiddele geïdentifiseer as risiko’s wat die meeste beïnvloed word deur afslag fooie. Maatreëls wat aangeneem is deur deelnemers aan die studie om risiko’s wat verband hou met afslag fooie van ŉ projek te versag is geïdentifiseer en aanbeveel.

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Ahmad, Abdul Rahim. "An investigation of the implications of major change in the future world of work for engineers and the consequences for educational practices." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33932.

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In an age of rapid global change the roles that engineers fulfil are also changing rapidly. This research programme seeks to establish the views of practising engineers about the future demands that will be placed upon them and then examines the views of engineering educators on the approaches that can be taken to prepare engineers for these future roles. The research focused upon related developments in engineering in two countries, Malaysia and the United Kingdom (UK), and in two engineering disciplines, civil and manufacturing engineering. The methodology employed in the first phase of the research was a scenario-based approach in which engineers were asked to assess the Implications for engineers of two major change developments, triggered by information and communication technology (IT); 'processes improvement' and 'globalization'.

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Usta, Ergun. "Comparison Of International Federation Of Consulting Engineers And General Specification For Public Works Contracts From Risk Management Perspective." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606443/index.pdf.

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Contractors have to construct the projects efficiently in accordance with the contract provisions when they accept a contract. All construction projects involve risk and there is no possibility to eliminate all the risks associated with a specific project. Management of risk requires identification and analysis of risk factors. After this risk assessment step, proper response strategies have to be developed so that an optimum risk-reward structure is ensured. Contracts are the grounds where risk allocation schemes between parties are settled and risk-reward mechanisms are defined. Since contractors are usually unable to influence the contract conditions and clauses, they should understand which risks they are retaining under contract conditions. Thus, succesful management of risk requires understanding of contract clauses and identification of secondary risk factors created due to poorly defined contract clauses. The aim of this thesis is to investigate standard conditions of contract, namely FIDIC and GSPW, which are the most widely utilised contracts by the Turkish contractors, from the risk management point of view. For this purpose an interview form is prepared and interviews are conducted using this structured form. Implications of the contract clauses for the risk management strategy of contractors are discussed based on interview findings. The basic philosophy of FIDIC and GSPW are investigated so that necessary suggestions for the contractors can be made considering the risk allocation schemes defined in these documents.

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Turer, Oncel Umut. "A Web-based Database For Experimental Structural Engineering Research." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611811/index.pdf.

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This study presents a web-based database application for storing experimental data and related documents at a single location and sharing them among researchers and engineers from all over the world. The database application, accessible from a website was developed for experimental structural engineering researches, and initially tested at Structural and Earthquake Engineering Laboratory of Civil Engineering Department, METU. The application is composed of two parts. The first part is the database that stores information about projects, specimens, experiments, experimental data, documentation, site members, and member groups at the server side. The second part is the website that provides a functional user interface for easy use of application and providing accessibility from everywhere via internet. After the development of the database and the website, these two parts were attached to each other and application functionalities that enabled users to create, modify, search, and delete projects, specimens and experiments allowed users to upload/download documentation and experimental data provided abilities to users to plot test data and share their opinions were ensured. ASP.NET framework and C# programming language was utilized for the web application development. Functionality and usability of the database application was then tested by uploading and sharing various experimental results.

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Paula, Odair Aparecido de. "Os caminhos da educação e a educação para os caminhos: a formação de engenheiros em São Paulo (1835-1850)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10325.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Odair Aparecido de Paula.pdf: 429034 bytes, checksum: 6aa0c0a0e3e2e6bdddbdbb7fc2ea2a60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior In this research, is had as object i ve to study the creation of the Cabinet Topographico, an establishment of Public Instruction, destined to the con s t i t ution of a center of geodesic studies of the Province of São Paulo. Created in 1835, in a period little studied by History and Brazilian and São Paulo educational historiography, the Topographico Cabinet was formed for a library, a quantity of plants and maps of the Province of São Paulo and a school for formation of engineers of roads. With this work it is intended to contribute with the history of the Brazilian and São Paulo education, filling a gap of the Public Ins t r uction of the Imperial Period. The Topographico Cabinet was the oldest establishment of Instruction of Engineering of the Province of São Paulo and played an important role in the configuration of the city of São Paulo and of the Pr ovince, it was as instrument of knowledge or being able of the São Paulo government. The Engineer of Roads, as course of professional format i o n , i f c h a r a c t e r ized as one of mos t r i g i d o f t h e time, which had to i t s s h or t period of duration, init i ally two years and lat e r three, while other est ablishments of Brazil and the exterior, in the same period, had a minimum schedule load five year. Although the ephemeral life, the Topographico Cabinet constituted an important page of the admi n i s t r a t i o n o f the Province of São Paulo and some of its egresses had acted in diverse sectors of the pol i t i c s and the economy of the Provinc e . I t s e ngineers had contributed for the construction and magnifying of ways of communication of the Province (soil roads) that later they had lost space for the railroads, an English innovation Nesta pesquisa, tem-se como objetivo estudar a criação do Gabinete Topographico, um estabelecimento de Instrução Pública, destinado à constituição de um centro de estudos geodésicos da Província de São Paulo. Criado em 1835, num período pouco estudado pela História e pel a historiografia educacional brasileira e paulista, o Gabinete Topographico era composto por uma biblioteca, um acervo de plantas e mapas da Província de São Paulo e uma escola para formação de engenheiros de estradas. Com esse trabalho pretende-se contribuir com a história da educação brasileira e paulista, preenchendo uma lacuna da Instrução Pública do Período Imperial. O Gabinete Topographico foi o mais antigo estabelecimento de Instrução de Engenharia da Província de São Paulo e desempenhou um papel importante na configuração da cidade de São Paulo e da Província, fosse como instrumento de conhecimento ou de poder do governo paulista. O Engenheiro de Estradas, como curso de formação profissional, se caracterizou como um dos mais rígidos da época, devido ao seu curto período de duração, inicialmente doi s anos e depois três, enquanto outros estabelecimentos do Brasil e do exterior, no mesmo período, tinham uma carga horária mínima de cinco anos. Apesar da vida efêmera, o Gabinete Topographico constituiu uma página importante da administração da Província de São Paulo e alguns de seus egressos atuaram em diversos setores da política e da economia da Província. Seus engenheiros contribuíram para a construção e ampliação de vias de comunicação da Província (estradas de chão) que mais tarde perderam espaço para as estrada s de ferro, uma inovação inglesa

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Sidaross, Monique. "Ethical Decision-Making in Construction Engineering Projects." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4889.

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Problems exist with ethical decision-making in U.S. construction engineering projects. The purpose of this study was to explore factors that affect ethical decision-making in engineering construction in the United States. The general concepts of marketing ethics, Kohlberg's discussion of ethical and moral reasoning development, and Gillian's discussion of ethical care served as the basis of the conceptual framework. Factors that inhibit ethical decision making were addressed in the research questions. The resulting narrative framework included implementable initiatives based on these factors that could improve the quality of ethical decision-making and the impact of these initiatives on the cost and quality of construction engineering projects. The use of qualitative grounded theory design led to findings from the research questions and enabled the development of a theory to explain the phenomenon. The research was based on data collected from interviews with a purposive sample of 12 civil engineers with 15 to 45 years of forensic and managerial experience with construction engineering projects. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the data. The principal finding from the research was that unethical decision-making in the legal and political systems undermines the image and authority of construction engineers in the United States. The findings of the study may cause social change by indicating how to enhance the ethical behavior of individuals involved in decision-making within the U.S. construction engineering industry, leading to improvements in the cost and quality of construction projects that benefit individual stakeholders as well as society.

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Chan, Chi-yan Henry. "Local and expatriate leadership styles amongst civil engineers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42128341.

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Chan, Chi-yan Henry, and 陳志恩. "Local and expatriate leadership styles amongst civil engineers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42128341.

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Lillo-Tor, Ansonia. "Bases de un modelo de autogestión de competencias genéricas del rol ingeniero/a formador de ingenieros." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334687.

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The following research originates in the need to enhance the Generic Skills in the profile of graduate Engineers according to the needs of our current Society of Knowledge, considering that Engineering Education has not comprised thoroughly in the Academic Evaluation scheme a diagnosis or a measurement of Generic Skills pertaining an Engineer who trains Engineers. Thus the need arises to develop this line of research with a descriptive approach, based on the Case Study method, pondering industrial engineering experience and high academic level. The Thesis is based on the Latin American Tuning Project for Civil Engineering and on Spencer & Spencer’s Skill Based Model which help to design the Best Academic Practices which improve the Generic Skills in the role of Engineers who train Engineers. Finally, the results obtained in the research are consolidated in order to contribute to the basis of a Self- Developed Model of Generic Skills for an Engineer who trains Engineers. La Investigación se origina en la necesidad de potenciar las Competencias Genéricas en perfil de egreso de los Ingenieros según demandas de la Sociedad del Conocimiento. Se demuestra que la Educación en Ingeniería no ha abordado sistemáticamente en la Evaluación Académica ni diagnóstico ni medición de las Competencias Genéricas propias del Rol Ingeniero/a Formador de Ingenieros. Allí surge la oportunidad de desarrollar esta línea de investigación con un carácter descriptivo, basada en el Método de Estudio de Casos, ponderando en el Rol su experiencia industrial ingenieril y su alto desempeño académico. La Tesis tiene como sustrato el Proyecto Tuning Latinoamérica para Ingeniería Civil y el Modelo Basado en Competencias de Spencer & Spencer que coadyuvan a determinar las Mejores Prácticas Académicas que fomentan las propias Competencias Genéricas del Rol. Finalmente, se consolidan resultados y se presentan las Bases de un Modelo de Autogestión de Competencias Genéricas del Rol Ingeniero/a Formador de Ingenieros.

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Pang, Chi-wai, and 彭志偉. "Understanding of civil liabilities among practising engineers in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29563586.

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Ho, Yuk-ching Margaret, and 何玉晶. "Job satisfaction: a study of civil engineers in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31263197.

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30

Kiptoo, Dennis Kipngetich. "An investigation of the effect of dynamic and static loading to geosynthetic reinforced pavements overlying a soft subgrade." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20923.

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Construction of roads over soft soils can lead to design and construction related problems linked to the soil's compressibility characteristics and low strength. Failure, in terms of bearing capacity can occur when pavements are constructed over such soft soils. When road pavements, which are constructed over soft soils, are subjected to cyclic traffic loading (dynamic in nature), rapid deterioration of the base layer material and progressive permanent deformation of the surface will occur. This not only reduces the serviceability of the pavement structure but also its design life. In this study, reinforcement geosynthetics (geogrids and geotextiles) were used as reinforcement inclusions within a granular base overlying a soft subgrade of California Bearing Ratio (CBR) less than 2% in a 1.0 m3 steel test box. Firstly, a geotextile/geogrid was placed at the interface between the base layer and subgrade. Thereafter, a combination of the geotextile at the interface (of the base and subgrade) and geogrid within the base layer. Bench scale plate load tests (static and cyclic) were conducted on a 305 mm diameter circular steel plate on the two layer system using a Universal Compression Machine. Static loading was applied at a rate of 1.2 mm/min. Dynamic sinusoidal load wave was applied with a 4 kN seating load that was linearly increased with an incremental load of 4 kN for every 8 cycles at a frequency of 0.2 Hz on a 305 mm circular plate. For both tests, settlement failure of the composite system was considered at a deformation of 75 mm as defined for unpaved roads. The results obtained from the pavement model showed that there was a significant improvement in bearing capacity and reduction in settlement accruing from geosynthetic inclusion as shown by the Bearing Capacity Ratio (BCR) of 1.21, 1.29 and 1.63 for geogrid, geotextile and geogrid-geotextile combinations respectively. Additionally, a Settlement Reduction Factor (SRF) of 18% for geogrid, 23% for geotextile and 31% for the geogrid-geotextile combination resulted. There was also an improvement in extended pavement life as depicted by the Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR) greater than 1 for all reinforced base layers. An improved performance was realised with the double combination of geotextile at the interface, geogrid at the base.

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Hwang, Amy 1975. "Viscous dampers : practical application issues for the structural engineer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50368.

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Barton, Keith W. (Keith William) 1972. "Leveraging information technology to enable network centric engineer reconnaissance operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29341.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91). The Naval Construction Force has traditionally depended on outside sources to obtain and analyze engineering data in contingency situations. The Navy has embarked on an initiative to develop Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Teams to perform this function, both as a basis for projects slated for in-house construction and as a product to deliver to other organizations. Exercises and operations have thus far shown that the concept is viable, but Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Teams have encountered problems with data gathering and reporting, and transmission of data and images. Concurrently, the Department of Defense is pursuing a transformation toward network-centric warfare. Network Centric Warfare represents a powerful set of warfighting concepts and associated military capabilities that allow warfighters to take full advantage of all available information in order to bring all available assets to bear in a rapid and flexible manner. This research explores the state of the practice of military engineer reconnaissance as described by established Army doctrine and as enacted by Navy Seabee Engineer Reconnaissance Teams. Commercial information technology applications are reviewed in the areas of geographic information systems, collaborative design, and wireless communications. Solutions are proposed for their potential to enable network centric engineer reconnaissance operations. Network Centric Warfare concepts provide a framework for analyzing the state of the practice in military engineer reconnaissance versus the state of the art in information technology. Current status is assessed and a methodology is proposed to move the Navy quickly forward on the continuum of the Network Centric Operations Maturity Model that enables shared situational awareness, with a brief discussion on the implications for decentralized decision-making. by Keith W. Barton. S.M.

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Tao, Alice. "Form-maker and collaborator : the role of the structural engineer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53067.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Over the past century, there have existed two major types of structural engineers. Some, like Robert Maillart, contributed greatly to the advancement of new forms. Others, such as Peter Rice, produced their most innovative work in collaboration with architects. The present study analyzes the work and methodology of both groups of engineers, with the purpose of defining the common ground between them. Finally, there is a detailed discussion of the 'form-makers' and 'collaborators' in the context of the present day, in an effort to describe the basis for quality in structural engineering. by Alice Tao. M.Eng.

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Pienaar, Melanie. "The merit of environmental impact assessment for civil engineers in South Africa." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9817.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been successfully adopted in South Africa in line with international trends. A number of international scholars found that EIA offers distinct advantages to a proposed project (Bartik, 1988; Porter & van der Linde, 1995; Annandale & Taplin, 2003). The widespread successful adoption of EIA could be an indication that the benefits of conducting EIAs outweigh the potential economic loss due to delays and costs related to the EIA. However, there are negative perceptions about EIA and its influence on development. But the question is whether South African engineers are experiencing these benefits at project level? South African civil engineers are faced with the legislative requirements of EIAs on a daily basis. Through a survey of professionally registered civil engineers this research examined the merits that EIA has for civil engineers. It was found that EIA helps engineers to ensure that they have all the legal aspects of the development in place before the development starts. Furthermore EIA creates the opportunity for the engineers to design out the most significant adverse environmental impacts. It was found that since the implementation of EIA engineers are observing a shift towards more environmentally sound design alternatives. Therefore, if the EIA process is influencing engineers to review their designs from an environmental point of view, it could significantly minimise environmental impacts. According to engineers it was found that, EIA is assisting them in taking all the potential impacts of a new development into account during the design process. The engineering design normally determines the true environmental impact of a development. According to the respondents, the majority were aware of projects where the design was changed as a result of potential impacts highlighted by the EIA. It was found that for the majority of the respondents the environmental review of the design was a key component of the design process. According to the engineers that took part in the survey, they were aware of projects where the EIA improved the sustainability of the design by effecting a change to the design or to the construction materials. Since the implementation of EIA they have become more aware of, not only the life cycle, but also the sustainability of the development. EIA is therefore creating awareness about sustainability in the engineering fraternity. The engineers experienced EIA as a useful tool for improving the sustainability of the design. However, it was found that EIA also caused a significant delay in the majority of the projects where the respondents were involved. The delays were sometimes so severe that it jeopardised the economic feasibility of the projects in question. According to the respondents, the delays are mainly due to slow decision making by the competent authority. Due to this slow decision making process, the engineers blame the competent authority if they start with the construction of the project before authorisation. However, in spite of these delays, the engineers are still of the opinion that EIA is doing more good to the environment than harm to the economy. It was found that what the majority of the engineers knew about the EIA process was what they had learned from their own experience. They agreed that there was very little focus on environmental sustainability during their undergraduate studies and that EIA training during their undergraduate study would have been useful. But in spite of this, the majority of respondents did not complete any environmental short courses or post graduate studies. It was found that EIA does in fact have a positive influence on the work of civil engineers and that they experience these benefits at project level. The engineers have a positive attitude towards EIA and it is increasingly influencing their work positively. Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Ong, Cynthia Marie. "A. Morton Thomas and Associates, Inc. - A Project Engineer in Land Development." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1070477963.

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Shang, Qinjiang. "Shear Behaviour of Engineered Cement-based Composites." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1201.

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Botha, Danie Van Rensburg. "Total quality management in the civil engineering consultancy industry in South Africa / Danie Van Rensburg Botha." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8649.

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Consulting Engineers worldwide, and in South Africa, render a professional service to clients consisting of project feasibility studies, planning reports, design, documentation and construction monitoring for infrastructure projects. In rendering this service, consulting engineers are subject to certain project risks that can have a huge influence on their company’s success and hence their profitability. Quality Management is an instrument through which the risks associated with consulting engineering can be mitigated to a certain degree, if a Quality Management System (QMS) is successfully introduced and continuously managed. The QMS must conform to the requirements of a recognized system like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and in this particular case ISO 9001, which is a model for quality assurance systems in design, development, production, installation and servicing. The quality system requirements of ISO 9001 are aimed at preventing nonconformity at all phases of the product life cycle from design and/or development to servicing. The study was carried out by obtaining a convenience sample of qualitative questionnaires among professional civil engineers in consulting management positions, testing their experience of a QMS. This study has indicated that a QMS can only be successful in a company if the users have a positive attitude towards the system, and if they believe in the benefits thereof. It is therefore required that the system be launched and maintained in a user-friendly manner, with the emphasis on real risk-reducing aspects. As one of the requirements of ISO 9001 is continuous improvement of the system, recommendations are made in this study towards improving the QMS of the particular company. The influence of a QMS on the frequency and extent of Professional Indemnity cases against a company was investigated and reported on by studying 20 case studies of projects that have experienced difficulties, and have resulted in lawsuits against the consulting engineer. Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

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Kilps, John Russel 1965. "Fractal dimensions of aggregates formed under natural and engineered fluid environments." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278282.

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Fractal dimensions of aggregates formed under natural and engineered fluid environments were investigated. Latex microsphere aggregates were generated under two separate hydrodynamic environments. Fractal dimensions were determined using power law relationships and relationships with slopes of aggregate size distributions. Aggregate properties were measured with a particle counter and an image analysis system. Aggregates generated in a paddle mixer and a rolling cylinder had D3 fractal dimensions of 1.92 ± 0.04 and 1.59 ± 0.16, respectively, indicating rolling cylinder aggregates are more fractal than paddle mixer aggregates. Fractal dimensions of marine snow aggregates were determined from image analysis of in-situ aggregate photographs at two different research facilities. Fractal dimensions from the two facilities were equal, indicating this analysis technique is independent of equipment and analyst. Fractal dimensions were determined for sloughed biofilm aggregates in trickling filter effluent aged under four different fluid environments. D1 and D2 fractal dimensions were 1.29 ± 0.03 and 1.71 ± 0.04, respectively, and remained unchanged.

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Wilkinson, Suzanne. "Entry to employment : choices made by qualified women civil engineers leaving higher education." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1993. http://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/616678db-a3ca-2eac-614e-a038b3016cad/1.

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The subject of this thesis is the career choice of final year women civil engineering students. Though a considerable body of general literature exists on women in the labour market, including women in engineering and women in construction, there is a lack of knowledge about women in civil engineering specifically. Present attitudes are largely based on unproven assumptions unsupported by empirical data. By examining the career choice of the group, the aims of the thesis were to examine the factors affecting career choice of women civil engineers; to extend the knowledge base and to test some of the current thinking about women in engineering and construction. Four objectives were formulated. These concerned the initial reasons for the career choice, differences in male and female choices, whether there is a relationship between college experiences and career choice and whether there is a relationship between career expectations and career choice. These objectives were explored in a comprehensive literature review, and in an extensive series of interviews followed by a national survey of all final year women civil engineering students and an equivalent number of final year male civil engineering students. The data was analyzed by testing a number of hypotheses for each of the four objectives using advanced statistical techniques. The results of the study showed that there were a very large number of complex factors involved in women's career choice. Of particular interest were the differences in the career choices of male and female civil engineering students, that some college experiences of women were related to career choice and that generally the beliefs women had of a career in civil engineering did not appear to be related to their choice of sector of civil engineering. The thesis, in its original research, has clearly made an important contribution to the study of women in civil engineering and there is ample scope for future research projects to build on this original research. These findings have important implications for career advisors, teachers, lecturers in higher education as well as employers in the construction industry.

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Ong, Bryan Eng Choy 1970. "Review of engineering education and some technical and non-technical expectations of a new entry level structural engineer." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80181.

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41

Boshoff, William Peter. "Time-dependant behaviour of engineered cement-based composites." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/341.

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42

Vermeulen, Bernard. "The role of a design engineer in safety of building projects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86355.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. One of the causes for money to be wasted on construction sites is accidents. The reason is that an accident on site is an unplanned event typically relating to the loss of production or the loss of life. Many industry stakeholders and role players have focused on construction health and safety and to improve this area of concern; however, construction health and safety are not significantly improving. Construction still continues to contribute a large number of fatalities and injuries relative to other industry sectors. During the construction phase, poor construction health and safety performance is attributable to a lack of management commitment, inadequate supervision, and a lack of health and safety training and - systems. Health and safety systems do not only include excellent health and safety management on site, but rather an integrated approach on health and safety issues from the conceptual design phase by all stakeholders participating. This integrated approach includes the design done by the engineer. The inspiration behind this research is the question of whether South African Engineers design buildings safe for construction. The lack of knowledge by engineers with regard to construction processes, the lack of health and safety enforcement in the engineering offices and construction sites, and whether engineers adhere to safe design principles is the subject of investigation in this research. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the role of the design engineer in the safety of building projects. Specifically, it investigates to what extent the design engineer can contribute to site safety, and to what extent this is actually taking place. The Construction Regulations states the engineer can be appointed to act on behalf of a client and should share any information that might affect the health and safety of construction employees with the contractor. By means of a literature study, the investigation of case studies and the investigation of questionnaires to which a percentage of South African engineers responded, this research identified the information that should be shared by the design engineer with the contractor. The information can be shared by indicating hazardous activities or - locations on the actual drawings. Information can also be shared by specifying and reminding the contractor of certain health and safety hazards in the health and safety specifications of the building project. Although the Construction Regulations state that the safety hazards associated with most construction processes are the responsibility of the contractor, it will be beneficial for the safety of the employees if the engineer also consults the contractor on the hazards identified by him or her during the early design stages. Early collaboration between the engineer and contractor is also beneficial for the safety of construction employees. The result is an integrated approach towards safety hazard identification and mitigation. Having adequate knowledge with regard to construction processes allows the engineer to be aware of possible safety hazards. This will result in the correct information to be shared with the contractor and incorporated into the early design phases of the project to ensure a healthy and safe working environment. The study shows that a percentage of South African engineers have a lack of site experience, a lack of safety training, a lack of knowledge with regard to the content of the Construction Regulations, and a lack of knowledge with regard to construction processes. These shortcomings can be detrimental to site safety.

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43

Mitroglou, Nicholas. "Multihole injectors for direct-injection gasoline engines." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8487/.

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High-pressure multi-hole nozzles, carrying a Diesel-derived technology, are believed to be promising Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE) for Direct-Injection (DI) Spark Ignition (SI) gasoline engines. Having explored thoroughly swirl pressure atomisers and their spray behaviour, multi-hole nozzles represent the second-generation injectors. Thus, complete investigation of multi-hole nozzle flow, spray characteristics and their engine performance is a vital part of development of future DI gasoline engines. The internal nozzle flow of an enlarged transparent multi-hole injector was investigated for different flow rates and needle lifts under steady state flow conditions. High-resolution CCD camera and high speed digital video systems were employed to visualize the nozzle flow patterns and cavitation development. The images identified the onset of cavitation in multi-hole gasoline nozzles and revealed the transition from pre-film to film stage cavitation. Cavitation strings were also visualized inside the injection hole that could extend to the needle face. However, these structures are highly unstable and directly affected by needle lift and cavitation number, although it appeared to be independent of the Re, in a behaviour similar to that of multi-hole diesel injectors. The sprays from various high-pressure multi-hole nozzle designs injected into a high-pressure/temperature constant-volume chamber have been visualised and quantified in terms of droplet velocity and diameter with a two-component phase-Doppler Anemometry (PDA) system at injection pressures up to 200bar and chamber pressures varying from atmospheric to 12bar. The overall spray angles relative to the axis of the injector were found to be almost independent of injection and chamber pressure, a significant advantage relative to swirl pressure atomisers. Within the measured range, the effect of injection pressure on droplet size was rather small while the increase in chamber pressure from atmospheric to 12bar resulted in much smaller droplet velocities, by up to fourfold, and larger droplet sizes by up to 40%. The effect of chamber temperature on multi-hole sprays confirmed the expected trends that dictate smaller droplet size distributions as temperature rise from 50 to 90 and 120°C. Additionally, multiple-injection proved to have similar dependencies to the single injection with certain operating limits. Laser-induced fluorescence has been mainly used to characterise the two-dimensional fuel vapour concentration inside the cylinder of a multi-valve twin-spark ignition engine equipped with high-pressure multi-hole injectors. The effects of injection timing, in-cylinder charge motion and injector tip layout have been quantified. The flexibility in nozzle design of the multi-hole injectors has proven to be a powerful tool in terms of matching overall spray cone angle and number of holes to specific engine configurations. Injection timing was found to control spray impingement on the piston and cylinder wall, thus contributing to quick and efficient fuel evaporation. Multipleinjection performed well under certain operating conditions and proved to be a powerful tool in the hands of engine manufacturers. It was confirmed that in-cylinder charge motion plays a major role in engine's stable operation by assisting in the transportation of the air-fuel mixture towards the ignition locations (i.e. spark-plugs) in the way of a uniformly distributed charge or by preserving stratification of the charge depending on operating mode of the engine.

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Reising, Lauren Jane. "Effects of Active and Passive Spreading on Mixing and Reaction during Groundwater Remediation by Engineered Injection and Extraction." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10980544.

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During in situ groundwater remediation, a chemical or biological amendment is introduced into the aquifer to degrade the groundwater contaminant. In this type of remediation, mixing of the amendment and the contaminated groundwater, through molecular diffusion and pore-scale dispersion, is necessary for reaction to occur. Since the length scale of dispersion is small compared to the size of the contaminant plume, reactions are limited to a relatively narrow region where the amendment and contaminant are close enough to mix. Spreading, defined as the reconfiguration of the plume shape due to spatially-varying velocity fields, increases the size of the region where reaction occurs and increases concentration gradients, both of which can lead to enhanced mixing and reaction. Spreading can occur passively by heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity or actively by engineered injection and extraction (EIE), in which clean water is injected or extracted at an array of wells surrounding the contaminant plume. Several studies have shown that active spreading by EIE enhances contaminant degradation in homogeneous porous media compared to remediation without EIE. Furthermore, studies have also shown that combining EIE with passive spreading by heterogeneity can lead to even more degradation compared to EIE alone. In this study, we investigate the relationship between passive and active spreading to better understand their combined impact on mixing and reaction during EIE. Using various combinations of heterogeneity patterns (e.g., high and low hydraulic conductivity inclusions) and simple injection and extraction flow fields typical to EIE, we determine how the particular spreading of the amendment and contaminant plume under each heterogeneity/flow field combination controls the amount of mixing and reaction enhancement. We find that the injection and extraction flow fields can be designed to complement the topological features generated from specific heterogeneity structures, thereby increasing the amount of mixing and reaction enhancement. Since the subsurface is inherently heterogeneous, insights gained from this research will provide crucial information for the optimal design of EIE systems in the field.

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Tonini, Simona. "Fuel spray modelling in direct-injection diesel and gasoline engines." Thesis, City University London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8486/.

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Computational fluid dynamics methodologies have been achieving in the last decades remarkable progresses in predicting the complex physical process in internal combustion engines, which need to be continuously optimised to get the best compromise between fuel economy, emissions and power output/drivability. Among the variety of computational tools developed by researchers to investigate the multi-Phase flow development from high-pressure fuel injection systems for modem diesel and gasoline direct injection engines, the Eulerian-Lagrangian stochastic methodology, which models the air/vapour mixture as continuous phase and the liquid droplets as the dispersed one, has become standard among the developers of commercial or in-house university CFD codes due to its intuitive assumptions and simple implementation. It is generally recognised that this method is specifically suitable for dilute sprays, but it has shortcomings with respect to modelling of the dense sprays present in the crucial region close to the nozzle exit of fuel injection systems. Moreover, the mathematical formulation of the Eulerian-Lagrangian models is intrinsically related to critical numerical issues, like the difficulty of correctly estimating the initial conditions at the nozzle hole exit required by spray modelling calculations and, furthermore, the dependency of the results on the spatial and temporal discretisation schemes used to solve the governing flow equations. To overcome some of these difficulties, a modified Lagrangian methodology has been developed in this study. The interaction between the Eulerian and the Lagrangian phases is not treated on the cell-to-parcel basis, but using spatial distribution functions, which allow for distribution of the spray source terms on a number of cells located within a distance from the droplet centre. The end result is a numerical methodology which can handle numerical grids irrespective of the volume of the Lagrangian phase introduced. These improvements have been found to offer significant advances on Lagrangian spray calculations without the need to switch to Eulerian models in the near nozzle region. Besides these fundamental numerical issues, the present study offers some new insights on the physical processes involved in evaporating sprays under a wide range of operating conditions typical of advanced diesel and gasoline direct injection engines. Attention hag been directed on the topic of liquid droplet vaporisation modelling, which has been addressed by implementing and discussing different models published in the literature. Topics of particular emphasis include phase equilibrium, quasi-steadiness assumption, fuel composition, physical properties correlation, droplet shape and energy and mass transfer in the liquid and gas phases. The models have been implemented and validated against an extensive data base of experimental results for single and multi-component droplets vaporising under suband super-critical surrounding conditions and then implemented in the in-house GFS code, the multi-phase CFD solver developed within the research group over the last decade. A variety of physical sub-models have been assessed against comprehensive experimental data, which include the effect of thermodynamic, operating and physical parameters on the liquid and vapour penetration of diesel sprays. In particular, the effect of liquid atomisation, evaporation, aerodynamic drag, droplet secondary break-up and fuel physical properties has been thoroughly tested. The sensitivity of the predictions on the numerical treatment of the multi-phase interaction has been investigated by identifying and properly modelling the numerical parameters playing the most crucial role in the simulations. Finally the validated code has been used to investigate the flow processes from three high-pressure injection systems for direct injection spark-ignition engines. These have included the pressure swirl atomiser, the multi-hole injector and the outward-opening pintle nozzle. These investigations have enlightened the crucial role of the accurate modelling of the link between the internal nozzle flow prediction and the characteristics of the forming sprays in term of the successive multi-phase flow interaction, as function of the design of the fuel injection system used.

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Al-Ghamdi, Muhammad. "The value of engineering design : a study of perceptions of the consulting engineer's contribution to building and civil engineering projects, and the marketing of consulting services." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312560.

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Boyles, Matthew. "The toxicity and potential pathogenicity of high-performance engineered multi-walled carbon nanotubes." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2012. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/5691.

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The potential health consequences of carbon nanotube (CNT) exposure is often compared to asbestos and other fibre like materials due to their similar high aspect ratio and potential biopersistence; both are key in driving fibre toxicity and pathogenicity. With similar characteristics CNT are hypothesised to induce similar toxicity, and potentially similar pathogenicity. It is important to test this hypothesis in order to inform safe methods for production, handling and disposal of CNT. The aim for this research was to employ a range of biological techniques to ascertain the cytotoxicity of different multi-walled (MW)CNT that are morphologically and compositionally distinct, and comparing these samples to toxicologically relevant materials such as asbestos and carbon black nanoparticles. The MWCNT used were either supplied by an industrial source, or were produced using controlled growth methods to allow investigation into certain size ranges, catalytic iron content, and sample purity (crystallinity). Using cell free, in vitro and in vivo techniques for oxidative stress assessment, an early generation of ROS was found in response to entangled MWCNT, with greater observed responses to both short and long, straight MWCNT found as exposure times progressed. Also most prominent at the later exposure periods, substantial and significant cell death was observed in MM6 and J774A.1 cells in response to MWCNT samples, measured through reduced cellular viability and LDH release. The level of cell death induced by MWCNT was not matched by cell exposures to reference materials. Numerous markers of a pro-inflammatory responses and markers indicative of tissue damage and angiogenesis were assessed in vitro using MM6 and J774.A1 cell. Both cell types were found to secrete significantly elevated levels of MCP-1, TNF-α, TGF-β and VEGF in response to MWCNT. Although not as high as the CNT, LFA was also found to stimulate pronounced pro-inflammatory conditions, when compared to the other reference materials. Numerous techniques were employed to assess the ability of immortalised and primary cells to phagocytose particles. Frustrated phagocytosis was observed in response to the longer particles (both CNT and asbestos) and to agglomerates formed of shorter CNT. This frustrated phagocytosis induced by the long MWCNT samples was found to translate to an exaggerated respiratory burst, and a dysfunction and inhibition in the ability of cells to phagocytose fluorescently labelled E. coli. Taking all of the results of this study into consideration it was clear that the MWCNT samples tested display a greater toxicity than the reference materials in this panel. Above all, differences in the responses to the five MWCNT samples were considered to be induced by either a long individual length, or large agglomerate formation, and therefore the effects attributed to a high aspect ratio and frustrated phagocytosis. However, at times there was an inference that a high bioavailable iron content or high level of sample purity may intensify cellular response to MWCNT. The findings here, and throughout the current literature, demonstrate that CNT are certainly capable of inducing pathogenesis, but biological responses vary with differences in CNT morphology and composition.

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Bourne, Duncan. "A method for the architectural design of distributed control systems for large, civil jet engines : a systems engineering approach." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10406.

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The design of distributed control systems (DCSs) for large, civil gas turbine engines is a complex architectural challenge. To date, the majority of research into DCSs has focused on the contributing technologies and high temperature electronics rather than the architecture of the system itself. This thesis proposes a method for the architectural design of distributed systems using a genetic algorithm to generate, evaluate and refine designs. The proposed designs are analysed for their architectural quality, lifecycle value and commercial benefit. The method is presented along with results proving the concept. Whilst the method described here is applied exclusively to Distributed Control System (DCS) for jet engines, the principles and methods could be adapted for a broad range of complex systems.

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Baker, Brian Lee. "The U.S. Army Coprs [sic] of Engineer's role in reconstruction of Kuwait : a case study and its implications for future international missions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45720.

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Elamin, Fathi. "Fault detection and diagnosis in heavy duty diesel engines using acoustic emission." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2013. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/19324/.

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A condition monitoring program applied to diesel engines, improves safety, productivity, increases serviceability and reduces maintenance costs. Investigation of a novel condition monitoring systems for diesel engine is attracting considerable attention due to both the increasing demands placed upon engine components and the limitations of conventional techniques. This thesis documents research conducted to assess the monitoring capabilities used acoustic emission (AE) analysis. It focuses on the possibility of using AE signals to monitor the fuel injector and oil condition. A series of experiments were performed on a JCB, four-stroke diesel engine. Tests under healthy operating conditions developed a detailed understanding of typical acoustic emission generation in terms of both the source mechanisms and the characteristics of the resulting activity. This was supplemented by specific tests to investigate possible acoustic emission generation due to the piston slap and friction. The effect of faults on the injector waveform was investigated using the injection system and at one sensor location. To overcome the reflections and injection system configuration effects the method of acoustic emission impedance was used. This enabled the injector signal to be successfully extracted and clearly shows its capability for detecting even minor combustion deviations between engine cylinders. Comparison between signals and measurement of the oil condition showed both provided useful information about the lubrication processes. Simulation and experimental work have demonstrated the capability of this technique to detect lubrication related faults and irregular lubrication variability between the engine's cylinders. A review of the AE sources in diesel engines and how to represent the AE signals generated is presented. Three analysis methods were used: time-domain analysis using parameters such as Root Mean Square (RMS), variance, mean and kurtosis; frequency-domain analysis which relied on the amplitudes of the frequency components of the measured signals; and time-frequency domain analysis extracting features so that the energy content of the signals and the frequency components were localized simultaneously. In this work, data has been obtained from tests on a diesel engine, where the engine load, speed, temperature and the oil lubrication type were changed. The monitored signal and its difference from that obtained for normal engine conditions was noted as a fault signature that could be used for fault detection and diagnosis.

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