Journal articles: 'Civil service reform – China'

1

Burns, John P. "Civil Service Reform in China." OECD Journal on Budgeting 7, no. 1 (May 22, 2007): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/budget-v7-art3-en.

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Jing, Yijia, and Qianwei Zhu. "Civil Service Reform in China." Review of Public Personnel Administration 32, no. 2 (March 28, 2012): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x12438243.

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Burns, John P. "Civil service reform in China." Asian Journal of Political Science 2, no. 2 (December 1994): 44–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02185379408434044.

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Burns, John P., and Wang Xiaoqi. "Civil Service Reform in China: Impacts on Civil Servants' Behaviour." China Quarterly 201 (March 2010): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574100999107x.

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AbstractChina's civil service reforms sought to improve the performance of civil servants by introducing more competitive selection processes, incentives to reward performance, and tightened monitoring and supervision. The impact of the reforms was undermined by clashes with other policies being implemented at the time and by a failure to address elements of organization culture that have rewarded various forms of illegal behaviour, such as corruption. Empirical material for our study is drawn from government data and the experience of civil service reform in three Chinese urban areas (Beijing's Haidian district, Changchun and Ningbo) since the 1990s.

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Burns, John P. "Civil Service Reform in Contemporary China." Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 18 (July 1987): 47–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2158583.

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Chou, Bill K. P. "Does “Good Governance” Matter? Civil Service Reform in China." International Journal of Public Administration 31, no. 1 (December 27, 2007): 54–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900690601052589.

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Cabestan, Jean-Pierre. "Civil Service Reform in China: The Draft 'Provisional Order Concerning Civil Servants'." International Review of Administrative Sciences 58, no. 3 (September 1992): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085239205800309.

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Rakhimova, Guzel Vasilevna, Dmitry Evgenyevich Martynov, Yulia Aleksandrovna Martynova, and Glushkova Svetlana Yurievna. "The Reform of the Civil Service System in China 1993–2009." Journal of Politics and Law 12, no. 5 (August 31, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v12n5p15.

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The paper is devoted to the analysis of public service reforms in China in the period of 1993 - 2009. The reforms, in part, took advantage of the positive experience of the Chinese past. They were aimed at improving the efficiency of civil servants by introducing more competitive selection processes, incentives to encourage activities and tightening control and supervision. The processes of selection, appointment, training, dismissal and retirement of civil servants were also streamlined. The chronological scope of the study is determined by the dates when the Interim Regulation on Civil Servants (1993) was adopted, and up to the date of adoption and implementation of the full-fledged Law on Civil Servants (2006). Then the first consequences of the reforms began to be felt: the legalization and normalization of the personnel system, the motivation to show high moral standards for civil servants who could gain respect from the people, and the activation of their high moral and business qualities. In part, the adoption of these laws was accompanied by the coming to power of the fourth generation of leadership of the CPC and PRC.

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Li, Ruhai. "Reflections on the Developing Civil Service System in China." Chinese Public Administration Review 1, no. 2 (October 17, 2016): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v1i2.17.

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In the 1980s, China began to implement a civil service system to establish a market-oriented economy and foster reform of the politico-adinistrative system. This modern civil service system was designed to replace the traditional cadre personnel system, which, structured around a centrally planned economy, originated during the period of China's revolutionary struggles. Focusing on this historical transition, this article explores the relations that persists between the two systems and asks how and why the modern civil service system came into being at this time.

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Zhou, Zhiren, Haitao Yin, and Feng Wang. "Does China's Civil Service System Improve Government Performance? A Case Study of Education Bureau of Ningbo City." Chinese Public Administration Review 2, no. 3/4 (November 4, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/cpar.v2i3/4.50.

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Performance improvement sits at the heart of the study of public administration. Performance improvement requires performance measurement and relies heavily on effective management of human capital. This paper addresses both performance measurement and management of human capital in the context of China. China introduced its civil service system in 1993 with performance improvement as its ultimate goal. After years of implementation and practices, we attempt to make an overall assessment of the reform with a straightforward question “Has the civil service system improved government performance?” Taking the Education Bureau of Ningbo City as a case, our research design begins with efficiency measurement of the bureau and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is applied as the measurement tool. A comparison of agency performance before and after the introduction of the civil service system is carried out to obtain the basic judgment on the effects of the reform. Then seven contributing factors are ranked on the basis of structured focus-group interviews with civil service reform as one of them. It is found that limited efficiency gain was achieved in the Education Bureau and civil service reform made little impact on agency performance. Some theoretical explanations to those findings are provided. We hope that the study not only provides a case for assessment of the civil service reform against its stated goals, but also sheds light on the use of DEA method in efficiency measurement.

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Chou, Bill K. P. "Civil Service Reform in China, 1993–2001: A Case of Implementation Failure." China: An International Journal 02, no. 02 (September 2004): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219747204000123.

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Chou, Bill K. P. "Civil Service Reform in China, 1993-2001: A Case of Implementation Failure." China: An International Journal 2, no. 2 (2004): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chn.2004.0011.

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Pengfei, Ji. "Current Status of Civil-Service System in China and Its Orientation to Reform." Chinese Studies 04, no. 02 (2015): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/chnstd.2015.42007.

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Zheng, Yongqing, Han Yu, Lizhen Cui, Chunyan Miao, Cyril Leung, Yang Liu, and Qiang Yang. "Addressing the Challenges of Government Service Provision with AI." AI Magazine 41, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v41i1.5195.

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In complete contract theory, the main approach to limit moral hazard is through modifying incentives for the agents. However, such modifications are not always feasible. One prominent example is Chinese government service provision. Over the years, it has been plagued with inefficiencies as a result of moral hazard. Previous attempts to address these challenges are not effective, as reforms on civil servant incentives face stiff hindrance. In this article, we report an alternative platform — SmartHS — to address these challenges in China without modifying incentives. Through dynamic teamwork, automation of key steps involved in service provision, and improved transparency with the help of artificial intelligence, it places civil servants into an environment that promotes efficiency and reduces the opportunities for moral hazard. Deployment tests in the field of social insurance service provision in three Chinese cities involving close to 3 million social insurance service cases per year demonstrated that the proposed approach significantly reduces moral hazard symptoms. The findings are useful for informing current policy discussions on government reform in China and have the potential to address long-standing problems in government service provision to benefit almost one-fifth of the world’s population.

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Tong, Caroline Haiyan, Jeffrey D. Straussman, and Walter D. Broadnax. "Civil service reform in the People's Republic of China: case studies of early implementation." Public Administration and Development 19, no. 2 (May 1999): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199905)19:2<193::aid-pad41>3.0.co;2-8.

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Xiaoyun, Chen, and Tobin Im. "The Basic Models, Characteristics, and Directions of Civil Service Reform in China: Based on Analysis of the Competence of the Civil Service." International Review of Public Administration 14, no. 2 (September 2009): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2009.10805155.

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Haeyong Jeong. "The Reform of Civil Service System in China : The Performance and Limits of Enacting of 2005." Korean Comparative Government Review 11, no. 2 (December 2007): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18397/kcgr.2007.11.2.1.

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Drewry, Gavin, and Che-Po Chan. "Civil Service Reform in the People’s Republic of China: Another Mirage of the New Global Paradigm of Public Administration?" International Review of Administrative Sciences 67, no. 3 (September 2001): 461–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852301673005.

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Tanigaki, Mariko. "The Changing ‘China’ Elements in China Studies in the University of Hong Kong." China Report 54, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0009445517744406.

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This article aims to give a broad picture of the development of Chinese/China Studies at the University of Hong Kong until the 1970s. Courses on Chinese were conducted from the very beginning of the establishment of the University of Hong Kong. Chinese Studies at the University of Hong Kong started with the first two migrant scholars to Hong Kong and reflected the pre-Republican style cultivated in the imperial civil service examinations. However, the curriculum changed gradually after the establishment of the Department of Chinese. Xu Dishan and Chen Junbao took the reform further. In the post-World War II period, Frederick Seguier Drake was Professor in the Department of Chinese Studies until 1964 and consolidated the Department. Its development coincided with the basic policy of neutrality pursued by the Hong Kong government with respect to the ongoing tension between the United States and the PRC. By the 1960s, it appeared that more expatriate staff were becoming interested in the study of China and Hong Kong. This led to the establishment of the Centre of Asian Studies in 1967, the first centre where Contemporary China Studies could be pursued.

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Ko, Kilkon, and Cuifen Weng. "Structural Changes in Chinese Corruption." China Quarterly 211 (August 30, 2012): 718–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741012000793.

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AbstractGiven the rapid economic and administrative evolution that China has undergone during the last three decades, it is likely that corruption in China has been directly and indirectly affected by the changes that have taken place. However, the existing literature pays little attention to the impact of such changes on Chinese corruption, while emphasizing the seriousness of corruption. This article reviews how the major causes of Chinese corruption in the reform era have been alleviated in the 2000s. Some of the recent changes include the progress of the market economy, the advent of a merit-based civil service system, improvement of the budgeting and auditing system, fiscal recentralization and better monitoring of local governments' activities, and progress in anti-corruption regulation and enforcement. Consequently, we hypothesize that changes in the causes of corruption have led to structural changes in Chinese corruption. Our empirical analyses reveal that administrative reform has resulted in a decrease in the number of corruption cases related to the internal administrative process (embezzlement and misappropriation of public funds). At the same time, we also observe the aggravation of bribery. This suggests that Chinese corruption has made a transition from being an administrative issue to being a private–public transactional problem.

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Buhmann, Karin. "Reforms of Administrative Law in the PRC and Vietnam: The Possible Role of the Legal Tradition." Nordic Journal of International Law 72, no. 2 (2003): 253–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181003322560574.

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AbstractThe article takes its point of departure in administrative law and good governance as possible avenues for increased implementation of rights, including human rights. The author discusses the role that pre-modern East Asian ideas on governance and pre-modern administrative law and institutions for monitoring the executive's use of power may play for the substance and focus of the reforms of administrative law that have been undertaken in the late 20th century in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and in Vietnam. The article discusses the possible influence of ideas and institutions inspired by Confucianism and the School of Legalism, including such features as a meritocratic civil service, institutions for monitoring the executive and for dealing with complaints, instrumental use of law, and use of rewards, punishments and instruction to achieve the aims of the law. The author compares the prevalence of the features of pre-modern China and Vietnam with elements in legislation and institutions implemented under the late 20th century reform processes in the PRC and Vietnam. The article concludes that the legacy of the pre-modern system of administrative law and governance and related institutions appears to play a role in the modern reform process that is more than accidental, and that this legacy results in a relatively strong emphasis on a principle of legality in the legislation implemented under the reforms and in a relatively weaker emphasis on the principle of equality. The article suggests that features of the premodern legacy, especially the emphasis on exercise of executive power in accordance with law, may be explored as providing potential for contributing to an increased quality of public administration and an increased implementation of rule of law and specific rights, including human rights and rights of relevance to trade and investment. It is also suggested that these features of the pre-modern system may be explored by the development community and international organizations as potential for creating ownership and sustainability of governance and law reforms that are of interest to external partners of the PRC and Vietnam.

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Zhu, Chunkui, and Chen Wu. "Public service motivation and organizational performance in Chinese provincial governments." Chinese Management Studies 10, no. 4 (November 7, 2016): 770–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-08-2016-0168.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine different hypotheses concerning the effects of public service motivation (PSM) and other attitudinal or institutional dimensions on organizational performance (OP). Specifically, based on the experience of Chinese provincial governments, this study provides new evidence about how PSM may affect OP. Design/methodology/approach This study collected data from a survey of different provincial government departments in Sichuan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province and Chongqing Municipality in 2011. Using data from 761 respondents, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to explore the relationships between related factors. Findings PSM, job satisfaction, affective commitment and job involvement have statistically significant effects on OP, and these results are consistent with the findings of previous researches that PSM positively affected OP at a significant level. The results suggest that, if civil servants have a strong PSM, the performance of their organizations will be high. Research limitations/implications Future research should look for additional factors that affect OP, comparing employees’ perceptions of an organization’s performance with objective data to determine whether, and to what degree, subjective measures of performance are valid measures of OP in the public sector. Practical implications In the process of improving government performance, it is significant to give attention to the government employees’ mentality. The government training and promotion system should encourage civil servants to care about the public interest. A more flattened organization should be considered as part of the next steps in government reform, and more opportunities should be provided to involve more government employees in policy making. Originality/value This study helps to clarify the effects of individual factors of PSM on OP in China in a tightly controlled bureaucratic environment, where related data are hardly accessible.

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ZHAO, LI. "Conceptualizing the Social Economy in China." Modern Asian Studies 47, no. 3 (November 2, 2012): 1083–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000650.

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AbstractThis study offers a conceptual analysis of the social economy in China within the context of institutional transition. In China, economic reform has engendered significant social changes. Accelerated economic growth, privatization of the social welfare system, and the rise of civil society explain the institutional contexts in which a range of not-for-profit initiatives, neither state-owned nor capital-driven, re-emerged. They are defined in this research as the social economy in China. This study shows that although the term itself is quite new, the social economy is no new phenomenon in China, as its various elements have a rich historical tradition. Moreover, the impact of the transition on the upsurge of the Chinese social economy is felt not only through direct means of de-nationalization and marketization and, as a consequence, the privatization of China's social welfare system, but also through various indirect means. The development of the social economy in China was greatly influenced by the framework set by political institutions and, accordingly, legal enabling environments. In addition, the link to the West, as well as local historical and cultural traditions, contribute towards explaining its re-emergence. Examining the practices in the field shows that the social economy sector in China is conducive to achieving a plural economy and an inclusive society, particularly by way of poverty reduction, social service provision, work integration, and community development. Therefore, in contemporary China, it serves as a key sector for improving welfare, encouraging participation, and consolidating solidarity.

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Ren, Fujun. "A Brief Review of the Four-decade Evolution of Science Popularization in China." Cultures of Science 2, no. 3 (September 2019): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/209660831900200302.

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This article presents a brief review of the history, main achievements and challenges faced during the 40-year evolution of science popularization (SP) in China that began with the reform and opening up process. Four distinct phases are noted in the development of SP: institutional reconstruction, structural maturity, fast development of a legal system and comprehensive strategic upgrading. China has achieved much during these phases in the areas of SP mechanisms, funding, personnel, infrastructure, resources and civic scientific literacy. At the same time, it is also facing challenges in strategic positioning, the effectiveness of SP policies, internationalization, the construction of the SP system and scientific culture. Evidently, the government's prioritization of SP is critical for advancing this initiative. In the future, under the government's leadership, the following directions should be pursued: expanding and improving civic scientific literacy through a focus on internationalization; promoting scientific cooperation from a global perspective; establishing a long-term SP mechanism; and building a service platform to promote ‘smart SP’. SP in China is clearly on the right track and will continue to advance in the future.

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Leavy, Brian. "Understanding China: doing business in the world’s most dynamic economy." Strategy & Leadership 43, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-03-2015-0020.

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Purpose – The author believes that China’s modern development is reaching a crossroads, and that country is facing some critical challenges as it seeks to keep its modernization program, and further economic development, on track. Design/methodology/approach – This masterclass posits that understanding more fully what is happening in China, and how to succeed there, is rapidly becoming a strategic imperative for any corporate leader with global ambitions. Findings – China’s importance to global business is undeniable. Even though its growth rate now seems to be stabilizing at 7-8 percent, China looks set to become the world’s largest economy within a decade, and is likely to be more than twice the size of USA economy by 2050. Practical implications – Soft infrastructure should be China’s next priority. China’s ability to construct a modern airport and a fleet of world class aircraft has been progressing at a much faster rate than its overall ability to operate an efficient, world-leading, inter-city and international, civil aviation passenger service. Social implications – While the pace of political reform is likely to remain cautious, it has already been quite “extensive and far-reaching” in China’s own terms and continues to evolve. Originality/value – Western leaders should reconsider how they measure China’s progress. China can be expected to experiment its way very cautiously towards greater democratization, but the outcome is likely to be profoundly different from the Western model.

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BOECKING, FELIX. "Unmaking the Chinese Nationalist State: Administrative Reform among Fiscal Collapse, 1937–1945." Modern Asian Studies 45, no. 2 (February 22, 2011): 277–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000011.

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AbstractThe defeat of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang) in the Chinese Civil War in 1949 is often explained as a consequence of Nationalist fiscal incompetence during the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led to the collapse of the Nationalist state. In this paper, I argue that from 1937 until 1940, GMD fiscal policy managed to preserve a degree of relative stability even though, by early 1939, the Nationalists had already lost control over ports yielding 80 per cent of Customs revenue which, during the Nanjing decade (1928–1937), had accounted for more than 40 per cent of annual central government revenue. The loss of this revenue forced the Nationalists to introduce wartime fiscal instruments, taxation in kind, and transit taxes, both previously condemned as outdated and inequitable by the Nationalists. Further territorial losses led to the introduction of deficit financing, which in turn became a cause of hyperinflation. The introduction of war-time fiscal instruments led to administrative changes in the revenue-collecting agencies of the Nationalist state, and to the demise of the Maritime Customs Service as the pre-eminent revenue-collecting and anti-smuggling organization. The administrative upheavals of the war facilitated the rise of other central government organizations nominally charged with smuggling suppression, which in fact frequently engaged in trade with the Japanese-occupied areas of China. Hence, administrative reforms at a time of fiscal collapse, far from strengthening the war-time state, created one of the preconditions for the disintegration of the Nationalist state, which facilitated the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) victory in 1949.

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Wen, Bo, Shui-Yan Tang, and Carlos Wing-Hung Lo. "Changing Levels of Job Satisfaction among Local Environmental Enforcement Officials in China." China Quarterly 241 (September 2, 2019): 112–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741019000791.

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AbstractAs a result of multiple waves of administrative reforms in the past three decades, China's civil service has become more professionalized. Yet public employees appear to have become increasingly dissatisfied in recent years. Based on questionnaire surveys and interviews with environmental enforcement officials in a southern city, this paper traces changes in the job satisfaction levels of these officials between 2000 and 2014. It shows that satisfaction with the extrinsic rewards received and overall job satisfaction declined during this period. These downward trends partly reflected the increasingly challenging institutional environments faced by the officials: rising political and societal demands, inadequate fiscal and personnel resources, and limited enforcement authority. In addition, as the officials became more highly educated and professionalized, mission match became a stronger antecedent of job satisfaction. These findings suggest the importance of meeting the motivational needs of a more professionalized workforce.

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Zhang, Heather Xiaoquan, and Jimmy McWhinney. "Working with the homeless: The case of a non-profit organisation in Shanghai." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 27, no. 4 (May 29, 2012): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094212437011.

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This article addresses a two-pronged objective, namely to bring to the fore a much neglected social issue of homelessness, and to explore the dynamics of state-society relations in contemporary China, through a case study of a non-profit organisation (NPO) working with the homeless in Shanghai. It shows that the largely invisible homelessness in Chinese cities was substantially due to exclusionary institutions, such as the combined household registration and ‘detention and deportation’ systems. Official policy has become much more supportive since 2003 when the latter was replaced with government-run shelters, but we argue that the NPO case demonstrates the potential for enhanced longer-term support and enabling active citizenship for homeless people. By analysing the ways in which the NPO offers services through collaboration and partnership with the public (and private) actors, we also argue that the transformations in post-reform China and the changes within the state and civil society have significantly blurred their boundaries, rendering state-society relations much more complex, dynamic, fluid and mutually embedded.

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Gossett, Charles W. "Civil Service Reform." Review of Public Personnel Administration 22, no. 2 (June 2002): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x0202200202.

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Battaglio, R. Paul, and Stephen E. Condrey. "Civil Service Reform." Review of Public Personnel Administration 26, no. 2 (June 2006): 118–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x06287200.

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Ujhelyi, Gergely. "Civil service reform." Journal of Public Economics 118 (October 2014): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.06.009.

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Bowman, James S., and Jonathan P. West. "Civil Service Reform Today." Review of Public Personnel Administration 26, no. 2 (June 2006): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x06287872.

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Nigro, Lloyd G., and J. Edward Kellough. "Civil Service Reform in Georgia." Review of Public Personnel Administration 20, no. 4 (October 2000): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x0002000405.

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Sims, Ronald R. "Civil Service Reform in Action." Review of Public Personnel Administration 29, no. 4 (June 24, 2009): 382–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x09338507.

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Massey, Andrew. "Civil Service reform and accountability." Public Policy and Administration 10, no. 1 (March 1995): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095207679501000103.

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Rao, V. Bhaskara, and P. Narasimha Rao. "Civil Service Reform in India." Indian Journal of Public Administration 53, no. 3 (July 2007): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120070314.

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Bogdanor, Vernon. "Civil Service Reform: A Critique." Political Quarterly 72, no. 3 (July 2001): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.00388.

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McGill, Ronald. "Civil service reform in Tanzania." International Journal of Public Sector Management 12, no. 5 (September 1999): 410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513559910300163.

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Smith, James. "Civil Service Reform: a Scottish Perspective." Scottish Affairs 20 (First Serie, no. 1 (August 1997): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.1997.0036.

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Grünberg, Nis. "Wang Xiaoqi, China's Civil Service Reform." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 31, no. 2 (May 23, 2014): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v31i2.4336.

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Liou, Kuotsai Tom, Lan Xue, and Keyong Dong. "China’s Administration and Civil Service Reform." Review of Public Personnel Administration 32, no. 2 (April 2012): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734371x12438241.

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LEWIS, LEIGH. "Civil Service Reform-Trust on Trial." Political Quarterly 85, no. 1 (January 2014): 84–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-923x.2014.12065.x.

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Shihata, Ibrahim F. I. "Civil Service Reform in Developing Countries." Indian Journal of Public Administration 44, no. 3 (July 1998): 732–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119980346.

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Wu, Alfred M. "Book review: China’s Civil Service Reform." China Information 27, no. 1 (March 2013): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x12472012b.

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McGill, Ronald. "Civil service reform in developing countries." International Journal of Public Sector Management 10, no. 4 (July 1997): 254–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513559710180529.

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Peters, B. Guy, and Donald J. Savoie. "Civil Service Reform: Misdiagnosing the Patient." Public Administration Review 54, no. 5 (September 1994): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/976426.

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Ngeow, Chow Bing. "Xiaoqi Wang, China’s Civil Service Reform." Journal of Chinese Political Science 20, no. 3 (August 21, 2015): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11366-015-9368-9.

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McCourt, Willy. "Political Commitment to Reform: Civil Service Reform in Swaziland." World Development 31, no. 6 (June 2003): 1015–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(03)00044-5.

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Villanueva, A. B., Robert Maranto, and David Schultz. "American Civil Service Reform in Historical Perspective." Public Administration Review 53, no. 3 (May 1993): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3110142.

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Khurshid, Anjum. "Public Policy, Training, and Civil Service Reform." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 4II (December 1, 2006): 1227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i4iipp.1227-1239.

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There are very few countries of the world that are satisfied with their public bureaucracies and civil service systems. Civil service reform is being discussed in Africa, Latin America, Europe and North America [Ingraham (1996)].1 There are some that are trying to develop a career civil service and others that are fixing the problems of having a career civil service. There are some that are dealing with legacies of past colonial civil service systems while others that are struggling with identifying the role of civil service in a changing political environment. Whatever the case may be, civil service reforms are a topic of interest around the world. Each nation of the world is faced with the challenge of adjusting its domestic and international policies rather rapidly in response to forces of globalisation and technological change [Skogstad (2000) and Farazmand (1999)].2,3 The role of the civil service in economic development, governance, and public service is vital irrespective of the institutional and structural differences across countries. It is not surprising to see in the table below the number of civil service reform programmes funded by the World Bank in different parts of the world. The number of such programmes has significantly increased from 1980 to 2001.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Civil service reform – China'

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