Academic literature on the topic 'Civil service reform Local government Local government'

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Journal articles on the topic "Civil service reform Local government Local government"

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Husain, Ishrat. "Adapting Public Sector Services to Local Delivery." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 17, Special Edition (September 1, 2012): 359–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2012.v17.isp.a15.

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This article describes the local government system established in the 2001 Devolution Plan and its evolution over the period 2002-07, with a focus on two essential public services, education and health. We believe that the devolution of service delivery functions, delegation of financial powers, decentralization of authority, and deconcentration of executive powers, can, together, lead to better accountability of results and, hence, to improved public service delivery to the poor and marginalized. The Devolution Plan made inroads toward these goals, particularly in education, but their achievement was incomplete due to a number of factors, among those incomplete fiscal decentralization, limited targeting of backward areas, and centralizing tendencies of the provincial departments and civil service. Recommendations are offered on how to further develop the local government system more generally, with an eye towards increasing accountability and improving coordination both across local governments and between tiers. For this, complementary reforms to simplify business processes and revamp human resource management policies are needed; introducing a district level civil service is among the suggested changes. The article concludes with detailed recommendations on improving the decentralized delivery of education and health services.
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McCourt, Willy, and Nazar Sola. "Using training to promote civil service reform: a Tanzanian local government case study." Public Administration and Development 19, no. 1 (February 1999): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-162x(199902)19:1<63::aid-pad55>3.0.co;2-f.

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Rasool Cyan, Musharraf. "Civil Service Management in Devolved Government: Reconciling Local Accountability and Career Incentives in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 17, Special Edition (September 1, 2012): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2012.v17.isp.a17.

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This paper looks at the case of Pakistan’s decentralization reform of 2001–09 and its impact on civil service management. A key point made in this paper is that the relationship between organizational change and civil service is, by no means, unidirectional. The issues are viewed in the context of decentralization, its opportunities, and outcomes for efficiency and equity. We then evaluate whether administrative decentralization has enhanced or diminished the potential for political and fiscal decentralization for service delivery in Pakistan.
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Nemec, Juraj. "Public Administration Reforms in Slovakia: Limited Outcomes (Why ?)." NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0005.

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AbstractThe goal of this paper is to document and to analyse public administration reform dynamics and outcomes in three selected areas – transparency and accountability, civil service and local self-governments.The high level of potential access to government information in Slovakia does not “produce” increased accountability, predictability and also does not effectively serve as a tool to control corruption. We argue that citizens are not only victims, but also accomplishers: their tolerance for corruption, excessive bureaucracy and rentseeking is confirmed by many existing studies.Concerning civil service reform, Slovakia shows a substantial reform reversal towards politicisation and centralisation after 2001, which clearly threatens the fundamental features of democratic governance. Soon after the EU accession in 2004 major regressive changes took place, and the Civil Service Office was abolished in 2006. The new legislation in force from 2017 (forced by the EU conditionality) should return the Slovak civil service back on the right track – let us to see.With regard to self-government the reforms aimed towards the establishment of more independent local and regional self-government. However, the major issue here is the extreme fragmentation on the municipal level – almost 3,000 municipalities in the country, most of them bellow 1,000 inhabitants. Many studies confirm that amalgamation (or at least functional amalgamation) is necessary – but there is no political will to start it.What are the main lessons from the Slovak case ? The information provided indicates that the Slovak Republic belongs to the “standard” group of CEE countries – after the first wave of democratisation reforms immediately after 1989, most of the later changes were realised “thanks to” external motivations and pressures – and not always really welcomed. The specific issue, however, is the decentralisation reform in 2000 – 2005. This change, providing really fragmented local self-government by extra rights and responsibilities, was internally driven, with positive results from the point of view of self-government principles, but with many hurdles caused by too large a number of too small municipalities.
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Freeman, Julie, and Sharna Quirke. "Understanding E-Democracy Government-Led Initiatives for Democratic Reform." JeDEM - eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29379/jedem.v5i2.221.

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Information and communication technologies (ICTs) offer opportunities for greater civic participation in democratic reform. Government ICT use has, however, predominantly been associated with e-government applications that focus on one-way information provision and service delivery. This article distinguishes between e-government and processes of e-democracy, which facilitate active civic engagement through two-way, ongoing dialogue. It draws from participation initiatives undertaken in two case studies. The first highlights efforts to increase youth political engagement in the local government area of Milton Keynes in the United Kingdom. The second is Iceland’s constitutional crowdsourcing, an initiative intended to increase civic input into constitutional reform. These examples illustrate that, in order to maintain legitimacy in the networked environment, a change in governmental culture is required to enable open and responsive e-democracy practices. When coupled with traditional participation methods, processes of e-democracy facilitate widespread opportunities for civic involvement and indicate that digital practices should not be separated from the everyday operations of government. While online democratic engagement is a slowly evolving process, initial steps are being undertaken by governments that enable e-participation to shape democratic reform.
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Zlyvko, Stanislav V., Valerii A. Bortniak, Kateryna V. Bortniak, Iryna P. Storozhuk, and Roman Z. Holobutovskyy. "Administrative reforms in Eastern Europe: A comparative legal analysis." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 69 (July 17, 2021): 814–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.50.

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The objective of the article was to analyze the legal regulation of the decentralization reform in Eastern Europe and its impact on the unemployment rate. Methodologically, statistical analysis, hypothetical-deductive method and correlation were used. It was found that the first stage of the reform of the New Civil Service in Poland, Ukraine, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Latvia, and Bulgaria began in 1990, but can be called an informal preparatory stage. It is determined that the process of implementation of administrative reforms is influenced by a series of factors: historical, economic, geographical. It is concluded that there is no positive correlation between the effectiveness of public administration and the effectiveness of local self-government in all the countries studied. The reform of decentralization has been shown to have a negative impact on employment. In addition, it found that Poland is the most stable country among those studied, with a high level of efficiency of local self-government. La more negative correlation between the efficiency index of local self-government and employment, and the most positive correlation between local and unemployment rate.
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Sodikin. "STUDY OF PUBLIC SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION IN SOME LOCAL GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS OF CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE IN 2021." International Journal of Social Science 1, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i2.144.

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Public service is an activity or series of activities in the context of fulfilling basic needs in accordance with the civil rights of every citizen and resident of goods, services, and or administrative services provided by public service providers. The government as a public service provider is required to carry out the best service / excellent service so that the public as service users feel satisfied. The Central Java Provincial Government as a public service provider in the Central Java Province has tried to comply with the provisions of Law Number 25 of 2009 concerning Public Services, as well as in the Regulation of the Minister of Empowerment of State Apparatus and Bureaucratic Reform Number 15 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for Service Standards. Service standards at least contain: legal basis, requirements, service procedures, completion time, service costs, service products, facilities and infrastructure, competence of service providers, internal control, complaint handling, suggestions and inputs and service guarantees. However, efforts to improve public services still face several obstacles. These constraints include human resources for implementing services, inadequate service facilities and budget refocusing, causing delays in the completion of public service facilities. However, the regional apparatus organizations or technical implementing units for public service providers have been trying to come up with solutions. However, Central Java Provincial Government policies are still needed to improve the quality of services gradually
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Tózsa, István. "A New Approach Model in Post Graduate Training of Local Government Officers." Journal of Public Management Research 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2015): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpmr.v1i1.7592.

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<p>This study is based on the final report of Program ÁROP 2.2.22 entitled Training for the Local Governments of the Convergence Regions realized at the National University of Public Service, Hungary by the professional advisor of Program ÁROP 2.2.22.</p><p>In 2013-15 there was a new type of post graduate training elaborated and piloted in Hungary at the Institute of Executive Training and Continuing Education (VTKI) within the National University of Public Service (NKE). Although the pilot financed by the State Administration Reform Operative Program (ÁROP) had not lacked the previously established attempts to include interactivity in the training, it was the first to observe and apply the actual principles of the European Union 2020 expressed in the threefold criteria of economic growth: smartness, sustainability and inclusiveness. All of them are represented by a pillar of the program like e-learning, class training and field training with the inclusion of local society. According to the objectives of the program there were at least 10 thousand attendees from the civil service sphere set as project indicators, so it has been a large scale training program that took place in 2014 in Hungary. The following article shows the innovations included in this new approach model of post graduate training civil servants. </p>
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Steen, Trui. "Een nieuw en flexibel personeelsbeleid in de lokale besturen in Vlaanderen ?" Res Publica 40, no. 1 (March 31, 1998): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v40i1.18569.

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Personnel management in localgovernment in Flanders bas undergone some major reforms during recent years. We examine the purposes and the extent of these reforms. Also, the new personnel management in Flemish local government is evaluated in terms of flexibility. The Flemish civil service can be considered as an Internal Labour Market. The rigidity which characterises the Internal Labour Market in local government in Flanders is shown by the fact that local government lacks discretion in elaborating the personnel statute, which still constitutes the basis of personnel management. However, the thesis that the public sector employment policy is too rigid has to be nuanced. The civil service is familiar with irregular forms ofemployment. Infact, in Flemish local government only half of all personnel are employed according to a statute.Despite some constraints on the development of more flexible personnel policies, it is still possible to find opportunities which provide hope for the development of new and modern personnel management strategies in local government.
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Pierre, Jon, Asbjørn Røiseland, B. Guy Peters, and Annelin Gustavsen. "Comparing local politicians’ and bureaucrats’ assessments of democratic participation: the cases of Norway and Sweden." International Review of Administrative Sciences 83, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 658–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852315598214.

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Given the increasing emphasis on delivery and output as a source of legitimacy for local government, how do politicians and civil servants perceive conventional, input-based channels for citizens’ influence on government in relationship to performance and output-oriented opportunities to influence public service? This article compares the attitudes of senior local politicians and civil servants in Norwegian and Swedish local authorities on these issues. The analysis draws on a data set collected among political and administrative leaders in Norwegian and Swedish local authorities. We also compare a service sector where public management reform has been extensive (care of the elderly) with a service sector where regulation and law enforcement dominates (planning and construction). The analysis suggests that there is a significant similarity between politicians’ and bureaucrats’ attitudes, although politicians accord greater importance to input-based channels of influence and to throughput than do bureaucrats. Points for practitioners Public management reform provides a new channel for clients to influence public service directly through the providers of those services and not through conventional political channels. This article studies how politicians and public servants in Norwegian and Swedish municipalities evaluate conventional and new channels for clients to influence service delivery. We also compare service sectors where such choice is extensive with areas where choice is much more constrained. Overall, we find that politicians tend to favor conventional political channels for clients’ influence whereas public servants take a more positive view of clients approaching the executive side of the local authority.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Civil service reform Local government Local government"

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Wang, Xiaoqi. "China's civil service reform and local government performance : a principal-agent perspective /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36432854.

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王曉琦 and Xiaoqi Wang. "China's civil service reform and local government performance: a principal-agent perspective." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37327264.

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Pick, Rodney. "Towards representativeness in local government: A study of skills development and training in the City of Cape Town." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This research focused on affirmative action, equity in the workplace, skills development and training. It examined the manner in which policies and practices aimed at realising representativeness were implemented by the City of Cape Town. Reasons for the slow progress made at realising representativeness in the City of Cape Town were identified as well as the shortcomings of current policies, procedures and practices.
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Wong, Sin-yee, and 黃羨儀. "A study of the feasibility of privatising the local employment serviceof Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966056.

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Dang, Thi an lien. "L'amélioration des relations entre l'administration et les citoyens au Vietnam." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30073.

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Pour être reconnu « citoyens », les Vietnamiens ont dû subir de longues années de guerre. Une République socialiste indépendante est créée et s’est développée mais la vie des citoyens est toujours difficile en raison notamment de la gestion de l’État à l’égard d’une économie planifiée suivant le modèle bureaucratique. Surmonter ces difficultés et améliorer la vie des citoyens deviennent des tâches urgentes pour l’État vietnamien. Cela a conduit à l’ouverture de Đổi mới (Renouveau) en 1986. Cette réforme économique en faveur du développement de l’économie de marché exige celle de l’administration, notamment en matière des formalités administratives. Cependant, il faut attendre jusqu’en 2001 pour avoir un premier programme de réforme administrative qui est appliqué dans tout ensemble du pays.L’exécution de ces réformes a apporté plusieurs changements dans tous les domaines pour le Vietnam, l’économie s’est développée et le niveau de vie des citoyens est de plus en plus important. Cependant, les inconvénients et les obstacles demeurent. Les citoyens sont toujours mécontents de la lenteur, de la lourdeur et de l’inefficacité de l’administration. De plus, l’adhésion du Vietnam à l’Organisation mondiale du Commerce (OMC), son intégration économique sur le plan national et international, l’élargissement des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication constituent des enjeux forts et nouveaux pour un pays en voie de développement. Ainsi, l’administration doit être plus démocratique, simplifiée, transparente, puissante, professionnelle, moderne et efficace, et favorisant la participation des citoyens à son action afin de mieux répondre à leur nouvelles attentes
To be recognized as « citizens », Vietnamese people have had to under through years of war against foreign invaders. A socialist republic were created and developped, however its citizens have been always bearing difficulties caused the bureaucratic administration and a planned economy.Overcoming and improving citizen’s life standards become uttermost missions of the Government. These led to the Đổi mới (Renovation) in 1986 in Vietnam. The economic reform toward market economy required a similar reform in administrative mechanism, especially in administrative procedures. However, the first administrative reforms on national scale had not been started until 2001.These reforms have resulted in changes in all sectors in Vietnam, the economy develops and citizens’ life standard improved. Nevertheless, burdens and shortcomings are still there. Vietnam citizens are still dispointed by the slowness, heaviness and ineffectiveness of the administrative apparatus. Moreover, Vietnam’s accession to WTO, national and international economic integration, enhanced application of information technology are actually factors for development. Similarly, administration apparatus should be stronger, more democratic, simplified, transparent, professional, effective and modernized, so that it could promote citizen participation in its activities to meet their expectation
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Nicholls, Tom. "Digital era local government in England : service reform and the Internet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d85d7964-80d2-4b6d-bfac-418ed4f0fa6a.

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Local governments have been developing online services, aiming to better serve the public and reduce administrative costs. However, the impact of this work, and the links between governments' online and offline activities, remain uncertain. Using a new full-population dataset of the UK government web, this thesis directly analyses the structure and content of government online. It argues that recent digital-centric public administration theories, typified by the Digital Era Governance quasi-paradigm, are not empirically supported by the UK local government experience. Instead, it argues for a positive but critical attitude to the value of technology in public administration. New methods are developed for full-text empirical analysis of government web crawl data and the use of machine learning approaches for adding attributes to full-population data. Webometric and content analyses of the .gov.uk web are conducted, together with a time-series panel regression of English local government cost, service quality, satisfaction, and an expert assessment of web provision. English local government online is highly heterogeneous and there is remarkably little intrinsic structure to the .gov.uk web. Geography is weakly visible in online government structures, but there is little evidence that online structures closely reflect the offline activities of government. Empirically, English local governments' web development levels are found not to be associated with improvement in the cost of, quality of, or satisfaction with council services, challenging the merit of online approaches to service improvement. Overall, the importance of digital-centric approaches to local government service improvement is challenged. A more nuanced theoretical approach to online service delivery is advocated, which discards utopian enthusiasm and focuses on concrete service improvements. It is recommended that full-population quantitative analyses be used more broadly in political science, with awareness of both the opportunities and the challenges associated with them.
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Fraser-Moleketi, Geraldine. "Public service reform in South Africa an overview of selected case studies from 1994-2004 /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09062006-172107/.

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Gomez, Juan L. "Essays on Optimal Jurisdictional Size for Local Service Delivery." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/pmap_diss/43.

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This dissertation contributes to the definition of an analytical framework for the study of optimal jurisdictional size for local service delivery. We argue that the standard economics framework for the analysis of optimal jurisdictional size importantly neglects individual preferences for political accountability. Our theoretical model shows that once we take into account such preferences, the optimal jurisdictional size for the provision of local public goods is smaller than in the standard model. We obtain empirical evidence to support our hypothesis from a sample of 197 countries. Our results show that, in fact, demand for political accountability leads to higher jurisdictional fragmentation both in terms of greater number of jurisdictions and smaller average population per jurisdiction. In addition, a meta-analysis of the empirical contributions to the study of economies of scale in the provision of local services shows that the economies of scale expected from service provision to larger jurisdictional sizes may not be present except for a handful of local services, and limited to relatively small population sizes. The results of the meta-analysis signal moderately increasing to constant returns to scale in the provision of traditional local services. In light of these results, we argue that forced jurisdictional consolidation programs across the world justified by perceptions of excessive jurisdictional fragmentation, or by the expectation of large expenditure savings due to economies of scale may have been, thus, erroneously designed. From a policy perspective, multi-layered institutional frameworks for service delivery (including cooperation and privatization among other options) may allow targeting available efficiency gains more efficiently than consolidation.
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Gomez, Reino Juan Luis. "Essays on optimal jurisdictional size for local service delivery." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34656.

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This dissertation contributes to the definition of an analytical framework for the study of optimal jurisdictional size for local service delivery. We argue that the standard economics framework for the analysis of optimal jurisdictional size importantly neglects individual preferences for political accountability. Our theoretical model shows that once we take into account such preferences, the optimal jurisdictional size for the provision of local public goods is smaller than in the standard model. We obtain empirical evidence to support our hypothesis from a sample of 197 countries. Our results show that, in fact, demand for political accountability leads to higher jurisdictional fragmentation both in terms of greater number of jurisdictions and smaller average population per jurisdiction. In addition, a meta-analysis of the empirical contributions to the study of economies of scale in the provision of local services shows that the economies of scale expected from service provision to larger jurisdictional sizes may not be present except for a handful of local services, and limited to relatively small population sizes. The results of the meta-analysis signal moderately increasing to constant returns to scale in the provision of traditional local services. In light of these results, we argue that forced jurisdictional consolidation programs across the world justified by perceptions of excessive jurisdictional fragmentation, or by the expectation of large expenditure savings due to economies of scale may have been, thus, erroneously designed. From a policy perspective, multi-layered institutional frameworks for service delivery (including cooperation and privatization among other options) may allow targeting available efficiency gains more efficiently than consolidation.
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Butt, Yiu-ming Brian. "Local terms of employment for expatriate civil servants /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14724364.

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Books on the topic "Civil service reform Local government Local government"

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Gboyega, 'Bade. Revolution in Nigerian bureaucracy: A handbook on the 1988 local government and civil service reforms. Akure: Ajomoro Publications, 1989.

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Talbot, Colin. So who needs agencies?: A handbook exploring the issues of using 'agencies' as a reform device in central governments. [Glamorgan]: University of Glamorgan, 2002.

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Office, General Accounting. Telecommunications: GSA needs to improve process for awarding task orders for local service : report to the Chairman, Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2003.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on the District of Columbia. Traffic disruption campaign by "Justice for Janitors": Hearing before the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, October 6, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Traffic disruption campaign by "Justice for Janitors": Hearing before the District of Columbia Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, first session, October 6, 1995. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Susser, Peter. State & local government: Employment law and practices handbook. [Austin, Tex.]: Sheshunoff, 1997.

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Reform, New Jersey Legislature Joint Legislative Committee on Public Employee Benefits. Committee meeting of Joint Legislative Committee on Public Employee Benefits Reform: Presentation by Frederick J. Beaver, Director of New Jersey Division of Pensions and Benefits, to discuss the State Health Benefits Program for state and local government participants : [September 13, 2006, Trenton, New Jersey]. Trenton, N.J: The Unit, 2006.

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Simmons, Charlene Wear. Local government ethics ordinances in California. Sacramento, CA: California Research Bureau, California State Library, 1998.

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Mulligan, Mary G. Value for money auditing in local government organisations. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1989.

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Opportunities in state and local government careers. Lincolnwood, Ill: VGM Career Horizons, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Civil service reform Local government Local government"

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Kuhlmann, Sabine, and Manfred Röber. "Civil Service in Germany: Between Cutback Management and Modernization." In State and Local Government Reforms in France and Germany, 89–109. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90271-5_5.

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Kuhlmann, Sabine, and Jörg Bogumil. "Public Service Systems at Subnational and Local Levels of Government: a British-German-French Comparison." In The Civil Service in the 21st Century, 137–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230593084_9.

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Silva, Carlos Nunes. "The Empowerment of Local Democracy and Decentralisation of Service Delivery in Local Government Reform: Evidence from Portugal." In Governance in Transition, 243–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5503-1_12.

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Kuhlmann, Sabine, Sylvia Veit, and Jörg Bogumil. "Public Service Systems at Subnational and Local Levels of Government: A British-German-French Comparison." In Comparative Civil Service Systems in the 21st Century, 162–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137491459_9.

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Battaglio, R. Paul, and Stephen E. Condrey. "Framing Civil Service Innovations: Assessing State and Local Government Reforms." In American Public Service, 25–46. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315097336-3.

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Bayraktar, Ulaş. "Policy-making at local level: an analysis of Turkish municipalities." In Policy Analysis in Turkey, 105–20. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447338956.003.0007.

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Turkish local governments have undergone a radical transformation since the 1980s. Accompanied by a rhetoric of decentralising and democratising reforms, related legal changes have been criticised in the light of either nationalist or democratic, participatory concerns. At the heart of such important waves of legal reforms lay the municipalities as the main service provider in urban settings. This chapter presents a general overview of the state of policy analysis in Turkish municipalities. It argues that municipalities governed by very strong executives, prioritise populist services delivered through subcontracts and controlled weakly by political and civil actors and arbitrarily by the central government. The classical public policy cycle approach will inform the discussion.
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Virkar, Shefali. "Designing and Implementing E-Government Projects." In Human-Centered System Design for Electronic Governance, 88–110. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3640-8.ch007.

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In modern times, people and their governments have struggled to find easy, cheap, and effective ways to run countries. The use of Information and Communication Technologies is gaining ground as a means of streamlining public service provision by shifting tasks from the government to its citizens, resulting in reduced government costs, increased public revenues, and greater government transparency and accountability. The new buzzword is e-Government: the use of ICTs by government, civil society, and political institutions to engage citizens through dialogue to promote greater participation of citizens in the process of institutional governance. However, the implementation of such projects is complicated by the reality that while developmental problems in these countries are many, the resources available to tackle them are scarce. In attempting to investigate the interaction between new technologies, information flows, and the complexities of public administration reform in the developing world, this chapter examines not only the interplay of local contingencies and external influences acting upon the project’s implementation but also aims to offer an insight into disjunctions in these relationships that inhibit the effective exploitation of ICTs in the given context.
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Purcell, Carl. "The Labour leadership and children’s policy." In The Politics of Children's Services Reform, 23–42. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447348764.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the development of children’s policy during the early years of the Labour Government focusing on the reform priorities of the Prime Minister Tony Blair and the Chancellor Gordon Brown. Blair’s key children’s policy priorities were education reform and tackling ‘problem’ young people. Alongside this the Brown led Treasury pursued a ‘progressive universal’ approach to reducing child poverty involving reform of tax and benefits and investment in public services. It is argued that the Treasury’s control over the departmental spending review process provided it with a more effective lever to influence policy-making in Whitehall departments compared to No 10. It is also argued that the Treasury turned to representatives of children’s sector NGOs to bolster the case for tackling child poverty within government and to act as an alternative source of policy expertise to departmental civil servants and local statutory agencies perceived to be resistant to reform. It was during this period that the Treasury’s flagship Sure Start programme was initiated.
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9

Rahman, Hakikur. "Role of ICT in Establishing E-Government System for Disadvantaged Communities." In Information Communication Technologies, 1482–93. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-949-6.ch101.

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Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are playing an increasingly vital role in the daily lives of all communities by revolutionizing their working procedures and rules of governance. ICTs offer a unique opportunity for governing elite to overcome the crisis of representative democracy, as ICT and the Internet empower civil society to play its role more effectively and facilitate the performance of governments’ main function-serving the people who elect them (Misnikov, 2003). In the realm of government, ICT applications are promising to enhance the delivery of public goods and services to common people not only by improving the process and management of government, but also by redefining the age-old traditional concepts. Community networking groups and local government authorities are well placed to campaign for greater inclusion for all members of the community in the information society. Possible areas to target include the provision of technology at low or no cost to groups through community technology centres or out of hours school access. There are many possibilities and local government must take a significant role in these activities (Young, 2000). Information society is based on the effective use and easy access of information and knowledge, while ICT for development (or ICTD) is not restricted to technology itself but focusing on manifold development and diverse manifestations for the people to improve their well-being. ICTD has deep roots in governance, is part of governance and has effects on governance patters and practices at both central and local level. By recognizing these facts, UNDP focuses on technologies to end poverty at WSIS Cyber Summit 2003, and emphasizes on ways that new technologies can help lift more than one billion people out of extreme poverty (UNDP, 2003). Apart from the four Asian IT giants (Korea, Rep., Hong Kong, China, Taiwan, China, and Japan), most of the Asian countries have fallen under the “low access” category of the Digital Access Index. This has also been referred in the WSIS Cyber Summit 2003, until now, limited infrastructure has often been regarded as the main barrier to bridging the digital divide (ITU, 2003). Among the countries with ICT spending as share of their GDP, Sweden, UK, The Netherlands, Denmark, and France (8.63, 7.97, 7.39, 7.19, and 6.57% respectively during 1992-2001) remain at the top (Daveri, 2002, p. 9), while countries like Bangladesh, Greece, Mexico, Niger, and many more remain at the bottom (EC, 2001; ITU, 2003b; Miller, 2001; Piatkowski, 2002). In a similar research it has been found that in terms of average share of ICT spending GDP, New Zealand, Sweden, Australia, USA, and UK (9.3, 8.4, 8.1, 8.1, and 7.8% respectively during 1992-1999) were among the highest (Pohjola, 2002, p. 7), though most of the countries in the Asian and African regions remain below the average of 5%. The disadvantaged communities in the countries staying below average in ICT spending seem to be lagging in forming appropriate information-based economy and eventually fall behind in achieving proper e-government system. The e-government system in those countries need to enhance access to and delivery of government services to benefit people, help strengthen government’s drive toward effective governance and increased transparency, and better management of the country’s social and economic resources for development. The key to e-government is the establishment of a long-term dynamic strategy to fulfill the citizen needs by transforming internal operations. E-government should result in the efficiency and swift delivery and services to citizens, business, government employees and agencies. For citizens and businesses, e-government seems the simplification of procedures and streamlining of different approval processes, while for government employees and agencies, it means the facilitation of cross-agency coordination and collaboration to ensure appropriate and timely decision-making. Thus, e-government demands transformation of government procedures and redefining the process of working with people and activities relating to people. The outcome would be a societal, organizational, and technological change for the government and to its people, with IT as an enabling factor. E-government should concentrate on more efficient delivery of public services, better management of financial, human and public resources and goods at all levels of government, in particular at local level, under conditions of sustainability, participation, interoperability, increased effectiveness and transparency (EU, 2002). ICT brings pertinent sides more closely by prioritizing partnerships between the state, business and civil society. A few East European countries have became economically liberal with the high level of foreign direct investment per capita and at the same time became ICT-advanced regional leaders in terms of economic reform. These countries also present the region’s most vivid examples of partnerships and collaboration. They have clearly manifested the importance of the public-private partnerships, transparent bottom-up strategies, involvement of all stakeholders, total governmental support, capturing economic opportunities, and enabling electronic mediated businesses, responding to the challenges of globalization.
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Freeman, Raoul J., and Peter Loo. "Local Government Use of Web 2.0." In E-Governance and Civic Engagement, 505–23. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61350-083-5.ch025.

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Web 2.0 refers to various networked applications utilizing technologies such as application mashups, content syndication, videocasts, wikis, blogs, social networking, user tagging, social bookmarks and content and service rating. Such technologies are designed to reach, attract, and interact with a greater electronic user audience. The potential of these technologies for e-government applications at Los Angeles County is analyzed. The government model for leveraging Internet technologies is different from that of commercial enterprises or academia. Thus immediate utilization of seemingly attractive technological opportunities must be tempered by organizational, implementation, and social responsibility constraints. Appropriate attention needs to be paid to legal and operational issues. The main conclusion drawn is that Web 2.0 presents an opportunity for local governments such as Los Angeles County, but that there should not be a headlong rush to implementation without consideration of a variety of other issues.
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Conference papers on the topic "Civil service reform Local government Local government"

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Noviyanti, Noviyanti, Weni Rosdiana, Dian Utami, and Norma Anggraini. "The Challenges of Civil Servant’s Payroll Service in Local Government." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Social Science 2019 (ICSS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icss-19.2019.150.

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Sugawara, Shin-etsu, Tomoaki Inamura, and Haruki Madarame. "The Local Governments’ Management of the Sensitive Information." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29186.

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After the September 11th terrorist attacks, the Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material was revised, and many countries have enhanced their regulatory regimes about the management of sensitive information, especially in the physical protection system. Japan also amended the Nuclear Reactor Regulation Law in 2005 in step with this global movement. The major areas of this revision which are associated with sensitive information are as follows: formulation of the Design Basis Threat (DBT), introduction of inspection system of physical protection and obligation of confidentiality of the secret of physical protection. Through this amendment, the responsibilities of the national government and the utilities have been clarified. However, there is no prescription which ordains the role and responsibility of the local governments. In fact, the local governments receive various information from the utilities through the “Safety Agreements” which are concluded between the local governments and the utilities, and the Public Safety Commissions of prefectures are involved in the transportation of nuclear materials. Moreover, the Act on Special Measures concerning Nuclear Emergency Preparedness provides the engagement and the responsibility of the local governments in case of nuclear disaster. In addition, the Civil Protection Law also provides the formulation of local governments’ plans for a response to national emergencies including nuclear disaster which is caused by terrorist attacks. As described above, the local governments are in a position where they can or have to touch the sensitive information in a variety of ways. Originally, the local government employees have obligation of confidentiality by the Local Public Service Act. Thus, about the sensitive information, they have duty to keep secret. However, we are hard to say that there are complete systems to check this obligation, so we can point out that its effectiveness is doubtful. Especially, the sensitive information which is related to nuclear materials is vital for security of the nation as a whole. Under such awareness, we’re studying the change of the local governments’ way of the management of sensitive information accompanied by the strengthening of Japanese nuclear regulation, and the actual condition of it. Now, we interview some local governments’ departments in charge where nuclear facilities are located. In this paper, we discuss the actual condition and the problems around the local governments’ management of the sensitive information.
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Reports on the topic "Civil service reform Local government Local government"

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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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