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Journal articles on the topic 'Civil society – Middle East'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shlykov, Pavel М. "Non-Western Model of Civil Society in the Middle Eastern Context: Promises and Discontents." Russia in Global Affairs 19, no. 2 (2021): 134–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31278/1810-6374-2021-19-2-134-162.

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The article analyzes the specific experience of civil society development in the Middle East, which remarkably exposes the dilemma underlying the civil society concept as a matrix of working democracy. This concept limits the understanding of the very phenomenon of civil society and peculiarities of its functioning in the region. An analysis of the Middle Eastern specifics requires a functional approach and a hybrid definition of civil society. This approach has a number of heuristic advantages over both liberal and critical theories. The article outlines the Middle Eastern model of civil soci

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2

Dolgov, Boris. "Civil Society in the Middle East During the Arab Spring and Socio-Political Transformations of the Late 2010s and Early 2020s." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 1 (2023): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640021366-0.

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The paper analyses the development of civil society in the key Arab countries of the Greater Middle East – Egypt, Tunisia and Syria – through the 2000s and early 2020s. The research mainly focuses on identifying specific features of civic activity developing by various Islamic and Islamist organizations. Methodologically the paper utilizes a set of methods borrowed from history, sociology, Islamic studies and political science. The source base of the research includes a wide range of primary materials on the civic activity in various countries of the region and the author’s interviews conducte

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3

Norton, Augustus Richard. "Civil Society, Liberalism and the Corporatist Alternative." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 31, no. 2 (1997): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400035641.

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In His Review essay on “Civil Society, Liberalism and the Corporatist Alternative in the Middle East,” Louis J. Cantori continues his indefatigable promotion of corporatism as a lens for understanding Middle East politics. Lou and I have been friends for many years, and I know that I probably will not be able to shake his deep attachment to corporatism. Nonetheless, since the inspiration for his latest peroration was the two volume collection on civil society in the Middle East that I edited, I thought readers of the Bulletin might be interested in my response to his assertions.

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4

Al-Ali, Nadje. "Gender and Civil Society in the Middle East." International Feminist Journal of Politics 5, no. 2 (2003): 216–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461674032000080576.

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5

Quandt, William B., and Augustus Richard Norton. "Civil Society in the Middle East, Vol. 1." Foreign Affairs 74, no. 5 (1995): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047353.

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6

Kayaoglu, Turan. "Civil Society and Women Activists in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 30, no. 2 (2013): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v30i2.1134.

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While much of the literature related to women and democratization in the MiddleEast neglects the role of women in this process, Wanda Krause persuasivelyargues that the grassroots activism of Middle Eastern women plays a vital rolein democratizing the region. Krause contends that this scholarly neglect is aresult of the literature’s (1) prioritizing the state (over civil society) and secularism(over religious groups), (2) ignoring the feminine (at the expense of thefeminist) and the practical (at the expense of the political), and (3) relegatingwomen’s concerns, like family issues, to “the pri

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7

Ahmida, Ali Abdullatif. "Inventing or recovering “civil society” in the Middle East." Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies 6, no. 10 (1997): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669929708720104.

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8

Wittes, Tamara Cofman, and Sarah E. Yerkes. "The Middle East Freedom Agenda: An Update." Current History 106, no. 696 (2007): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2007.106.696.31.

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9

Antoun, Richard T. "CIVIL SOCIETY, TRIBAL PROCESS, AND CHANGE IN JORDAN: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL VIEW." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 4 (2000): 441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800021164.

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In the 1990s, the concept of civil society has inspired a variety of publications by Western scholars studying the Middle East and has become the rallying cry for representatives of Western governments interested in promoting democracy in the region. The great majority of such publications and government promotions assume that the Middle East does not have, or has only in very weakly developed forms, the institutions that constitute a civil society. By “civil institutions” they mean such things as labor unions, political parties, independent newspapers and universities, and, most important, vo

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10

Latief, Hilman. "Islam, Civil Society, and Social Work." American Journal of Islam and Society 26, no. 1 (2009): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v26i1.1419.

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The practice of charity, which is commonly voluntary by definition, is embeddedwithin religious institutions or communities to support their vision ofsocial welfare. In this book, Egbert Harmsen underlines some improvements,advantages, and weaknesses as well as varieties of the roles played byMuslim-based voluntary organizations in the Middle East in general, and inJordan in particular. He reexamines whether such civic values as voluntary,autonomous, egalitarian, community-based initiatives, self-reliance, and independenceunder which civil society organizations developed can impact Muslimsocie

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11

Bellin, Eva. "Civil Society: Effective Tool of Analysis for Middle East Politics?" PS: Political Science and Politics 27, no. 3 (1994): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/420214.

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12

Farah, Caesar E. "Civil Society in the Middle East, Augustus Richard Norton, editor." Digest of Middle East Studies 4, no. 4 (1995): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1995.tb00586.x.

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13

Bellin, Eva. "Civil Society: Effective Tool of Analysis for Middle East Politics?" PS: Political Science & Politics 27, no. 03 (1994): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096500041081.

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14

Medani, Khalid Mustafa. "Teaching the “New Middle East”: Beyond Authoritarianism." PS: Political Science & Politics 46, no. 02 (2013): 222–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096513000176.

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In 2011 the protests in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) were not only unprecedented in terms of scale and political consequences for the region, they also highlighted a number of long-standing analytical and theoretical misconceptions about Arab politics. In particular, the conventional thesis privileging the idea of a “durable authoritarianism” in the Arab world was partially undermined by a cross-regional civil society that confronted the formidable security and military apparatus of the state. Although in some countries democratic transitions have continued, since they first occurre

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15

Doyle, Jessica Leigh. "Civil Society as Ideology in the Middle East: A Critical Perspective." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 43, no. 3 (2015): 403–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2015.1102713.

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16

Cantori, Louis J. "Civil Society, Liberalism and the Corporatist Alternative in the Middle East." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 31, no. 1 (1997): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400034866.

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Democracy has returned to the center stage of American political science. Before World War I, political science assumed the universality of democracy in America. Its educational mission was to inform American citizens of this, its research mission to identify the imperfections of this democracy in order to reform it and to provide academic expertise to strengthen the American state administratively in its democratic mission.’ Post-behavioral political scientists in the 1990s also assume the universality of democracy, now on an international and cross-cultural basis. They also wish to inform th

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17

Lindholm, Charles. "Justice and Tyranny, Law and the State in the Middle East." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 9, no. 3 (1999): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300011524.

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In his influential work, Max Weber argued that the Middle East was fatally hampered in the development of a modern civil society by the existence of arbitrary Qadi justice, based on the personalized decisions of a judiciary reliant only on case law for precedent and lacking any form of rational organization. This individualistic judicial structure (or lack of structure) allowed authoritarian regimes to subvert the courts for their own purposes, destroying the possibility of the development of an autonomous citizenry; meanwhile, in Europe the evolution of a rationally codified legal system acte

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18

Anderson, Jon W. "Transnational Civil Society, Institution‐Building, and IT: Reflections from the Middle East." CyberOrient 2, no. 1 (2007): 4–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.cyo2.20070201.0001.

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19

Farah, Caesar E. "Toward Civil Society in the Middle East? A Primer: Jillian Schwedler, editor." Digest of Middle East Studies 6, no. 3 (1997): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1997.tb00754.x.

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20

Ahmedov, Vladimir M. "The Philosophy of the Civil-Military Relations in the Middle East." Oriental Courier, no. 3-4 (2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310018024-4.

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The Army has played a significant role in the contemporary history of the Middle Eastern states. This fact was determined not only by the frequency of wars and military crises but mainly by the role of the military in domestic politics. In the past few decades, the army and security apparatus presented a focal point of Arabian countries’ politics. The military was the center of the power and decision-making mechanism in Middle Eastern countries. In the 1980–1990-s Arab rulers managed to curb the appetites of their military for power and military coups. Further developments of “Arab spring” pro

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21

Salime, Zakia. "Securing the Market, Pacifying Civil Society, Empowering Women: The Middle East Partnership Initiative1." Sociological Forum 25, no. 4 (2010): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2010.01209.x.

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22

ROY, OLIVIER. "The predicament of ‘civil society’ in Central Asia and the ‘Greater Middle East’." International Affairs 81, no. 5 (2005): 1001–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2005.00499.x.

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23

Mojab, Shahrzad. "The State, university, and the construction of civil society in the Middle East." Futures 30, no. 7 (1998): 657–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-3287(98)00073-1.

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24

Kamrava, Mehran, and Frank O. Mora. "Civil society and democratisation in comparative perspective: Latin America and the Middle East." Third World Quarterly 19, no. 5 (1998): 893–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436599814082.

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25

Jahanbegloo, Ramin. "Iran and the Democratic Struggle in the Middle East." Middle East Law and Governance 3, no. 1-2 (2011): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633711x591486.

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Many commentators in the West have referred to the uprisings sweeping the Middle East and the Maghreb as the “Arab Spring”. If we take a closer look at the young Middle Easterners who launched these democratic demands, it is clear that the Arab Spring started in Iran back in June 2009. As such, the Arab Uprising had a non-Arab beginning in Iran’s Green Movement, and in what was known as the “Twitter Revolution” of young Iranians. Furthermore, the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt have reenergized Iranian civil society, helping it become fi rmer and more outspoken in its demand for democratization

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26

García-Rivero, Carlos. "Democratisation, State and Society in the Middle East and North Africa." Comparative Sociology 12, no. 4 (2013): 477–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341273.

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Abstract The so-called “Arab spring” has swept throughout Middle East and North Africa against authoritarian forms of government, overthrowing regimes from West to East. After several aborted and repressed attempts, by Islamic parties, to access the institutions through the elections, mainly in the early 2000, the society rose in arms against the Arab State. In the forms of revolt, anger against the State repression has shaken the whole region. This article analyses the bases of confidence in the State institutions in five Arab countries in an attempt to evaluate if the current events are taki

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27

Gallagher, Nancy. "MEDICINE AND MODERNITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA." International Journal of Middle East Studies 44, no. 4 (2012): 799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743812000931.

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In recent decades historians specializing in the Middle East and North Africa have studied endemic and epidemic diseases as well as evolving medical and public health knowledge and policy to better understand major historical transformations. The study of gender and empire, class and ethnicity, and civil society and government in the determination of medical and public health policy has yielded new insights into questions of state power, colonialism, imperialism, nationalism, modernity, and globalization. Historians have asked why, when, and how Western medicine took root in Muslim societies,

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28

Abu-Nimer, Mohammed. "Building Peace In the Middle East: Challenges for States and Civil Society: Elise Boulding." Digest of Middle East Studies 3, no. 2 (1994): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.1994.tb00520.x.

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29

Altan-Olcay, Ozlem, and Ahmet Icduygu. "Mapping Civil Society in the Middle East: The Cases of Egypt, Lebanon and Turkey." British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 39, no. 2 (2012): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2012.709699.

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30

Moghadam, Valentine. "Engendering citizenship, feminizing civil society: The case of the middle east and north Africa." Journal of Women, Politics & Policy 25, no. 1 (2003): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1554477x.2003.9971010.

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31

McGrattan, Cillian. "Civil society, post-colonialism and transnational solidarity: the Irish and the Middle-East conflict." Irish Political Studies 33, no. 1 (2017): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907184.2017.1365409.

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32

Härdig, Anders C. "Beyond the Arab revolts: conceptualizing civil society in the Middle East and North Africa." Democratization 22, no. 6 (2014): 1131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2014.917626.

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33

Volpi, Frédéric. "Framing Civility in the Middle East: alternative perspectives on the state and civil society." Third World Quarterly 32, no. 5 (2011): 827–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2011.578954.

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34

Sika, Nadine. "Civil Society and the Rise of Unconventional Modes of Youth Participation in the MENA." Middle East Law and Governance 10, no. 3 (2018): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763375-01003002.

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Why are there variances in young people’s civic and political participation in the aftermath of the Arab Uprisings, and what are the implications of these types of participatory modes on authoritarian rule in the region? Based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork from five countries in the Middle East – Egypt, Palestine, Morocco, Tunisia and Lebanon – this paper demonstrates that young people in the region are increasingly drawn to independent and unconventional forms of participation to varying degrees, depending on each country’s authoritarian structure and institutional arrangements. T

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35

Kazemi, Farhad, and Augustus Richard Norton. "Authoritarianism, Civil Society and Democracy in the Middle East: Mass Media in the Persian Gulf." Middle East Studies Association Bulletin 40, no. 2 (2006): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026318400049865.

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The published literature on the topic of “Authoritarianism, Civil Society, and Democracy in the Middle East” is extensive and unwieldy. Partly due to space constraints, we propose to review the topic under six framing questions and then provide a selected and representative bibliography at the end.The ideas of political reform and democracy are often the mainstay of debates within Middle Eastern polities. In general, there is ample awareness of democracy deficit and poor governance in the region. Democracy refers most basically to the ability of citizens to hold their governments accountable,

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36

Al Badawi, Habib. "Features of the Japanese Diplomatic Strategy towards the Gulf States." Contemporary Arab Affairs 16, no. 4 (2023): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17550920-bja00022.

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Abstract This research note examines the diplomacy of Japan toward the Gulf states and Iran in the Middle East. It discusses how the Arab Gulf states and Iran are major commercial partners of Japan in the region, and how Japan’s goals in the Middle East are to promote shared prosperity, collaborate in areas such as energy, infrastructure, and the digital economy, and foster governance and civil society by combating corruption, protecting national sovereignty, and protecting vulnerable populations. The study also examines the military presence of Japan in the Red Sea and the Japan Maritime Self

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37

Cavatorta, Francesco. "Civil society, Islamism and democratisation: the case of Morocco." Journal of Modern African Studies 44, no. 2 (2006): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x06001601.

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The positive role that an active civil society plays in processes of democratisation is often highlighted in the literature. However, when it comes to the Middle East and North Africa, such activism is considered to be detrimental to democratisation because the predominant role is played by Islamist groups. The explanation for this rests with the perceived ‘uncivil’ and undemocratic Islamist ethos of such groups. This paper challenges this assumption and argues that Islamist associations can be a potential force for democratisation for three reasons. First, they are capable of political learni

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38

Larise, Dunja. "Civil Society in the Political Thinking of European Muslim Brothers." Journal of Religion in Europe 5, no. 2 (2012): 245–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489212x639217.

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It is generally assumed that the European Muslim brothers derive their concepts of state and society primarily from the traditional Islamic political theory that originated in the historical context of the Muslim Middle East. In contrast, this article asserts the hitherto scantily analyzed influence of liberal political theory, especially its idea of civil society, in the evolution of the political and social theory of the European Muslim Brotherhood within the context of the Muslim minority position in Europe. The article identifies the tendency of the European Muslim brotherhood towards the

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39

von-Amann-de-Campos, Nuno. "Television and viewers: civil society´s mobilization." Comunicar 13, no. 25 (2005): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c25-2005-016.

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The aims of this paper are: to awake the public to their responsibility for contributing to a better media services, to give protection from the consequences of an excessive concentration of media organisations in a few economic groups and to monitor the work of the media regulator, to organise educational sessions for children, teenagers, their parents and other educators with the main purpose of promoting a more conscious and critical use of media, to recommend improvement programmes and classes for media students stressing the importance of ethics in communication, to renounce shocking and

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40

Arar, Khalid. "Internationalisation and Multiculturalism in Maltese Society." Malta Journal of Education 1, no. 1 (2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.62695/wsnf9660.

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Migration is an ancient phenomenon; however, the extent, duration, and consequences of present-day international migration seem far more complex and challenging than in the past. In the 21st century, various factors generate migration, ranging from civil and international wars to political and economic crises (for example, Venezuela) and to simply the search for a better life (Arar, Orucu and Waite 2020). Over the last three decades, many wars have displaced enormous populations - including the first and second Gulf Wars, the Gaza War, the Somalian Civil War, the Bosnian War, the Arab Spring c

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41

Taylor, N. A. J., Joseph A. Camilleri, and Michael Hamel-Green. "Dialogue on Middle East Biological, Nuclear, and Chemical Weapons Disarmament." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 38, no. 1 (2013): 78–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0304375412470776.

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Negotiations on the establishment of a Middle East zone free of biological, nuclear, and chemical weapons and their means of delivery are now at a critical phase after more than three decades of prenegotiations. This article examines the factors that have impeded negotiations in order to identify the key actors whose mutually reinforcing efforts are essential to its establishment. We argue that current efforts to negotiate a zone free of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems (WMDFZ) in the Middle East can learn much from the successful negotiation of

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42

Waśko-Owsiejczuk, Ewelina. "American Plans to Build Democracy in the Middle East After 9/11: the Case of Iraq." International Studies. Interdisciplinary Political and Cultural Journal 21, no. 1 (2018): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1641-4233.21.02.

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The “Freedom Agenda” of President George W. Bush for the Middle East assumed that the liberation of Iraq from the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein and the start of political change would trigger the process of democratization of the entire region. Encouraged by financial and economic support, Arab countries should have been willing to implement political and educational support, which would lead to the creation of civil society and grass-roots political changes initiated by society itself. A number of mistakes made by the Bush administration in Iraq has not only caused the mission of the democra

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43

Benthall, Jonathan. "A COMMENT ON RICHARD T. ANTOUN, “CIVIL SOCIETY, TRIBAL PROCESS, AND CHANGE IN JORDAN: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL VIEW”." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 4 (2001): 668–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801224088.

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The nub of Richard J. Antoun's interesting article (IJMES 32:441–63) is that the scholarly attention given to formal associations and institutions in the Middle East has overshadowed those implicit or vernacular processes of cooperation and reconciliation that actually constitute the core of “civil society,” and that are adapting to such changes as transnational migration and telecommunications. This warning against ethnocentrism from such a distinguished ethnographer of Jordan is timely and valuable. However, some dimensions are missing from Antoun's analysis, and maybe his case is overstated

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44

Reinkowski, Maurus. "Constitutional Patriotism in Lebanon." New Perspectives on Turkey 16 (1997): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600002648.

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In this paper I will discuss the options of political identity the Lebanese have at their disposal against the background of the German experience. Germany and Lebanon, states at first glance completely different from each other, show some similarity in their historical experience. In the context of this comparison I will discuss constitutional patriotism, a political concept in circulation in Germany over the last fifteen years or so, and its potential application in the Lebanese case. Constitutional patriotism, unlike many other concepts originating in the West, has yet not entered the polit

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45

Aaraj, Elie, and Micheline Jreij Abou Chrouch. "Drug policy and harm reduction in the Middle East and North Africa: The role of civil society." International Journal of Drug Policy 31 (May 2016): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.03.002.

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46

Najjar, Maria. "Reviving Pan-Arabism in Feminist Activism in the Middle East." Kohl: A Journal for Body and Gender Research 6, Summer (2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36583/2020060113.

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This essay is a preliminary attempt to explore the potential of a feminist, Pan-Arab ideology in relieving some of the tensions in feminist movement building in the Middle East and North Africa region. In its current formulation, regional feminisms suffer from compounded inefficiencies due to fragmentations in grassroots, civil society organizing; an overreliance on the state and state actors including NGOs and discourses of neoliberal development; and a narrow focus on a human rights approach for feminist action. Nonetheless, the present also offers a number of opportunities that are often om

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47

Kuran, Timur. "Why the Middle East is Economically Underdeveloped: Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 18, no. 3 (2004): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330042162421.

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Although a millennium ago the Middle East was not an economic laggard, by the 18th century it exhibited clear signs of economic backwardness. The reason for this transformation is that certain components of the region's legal infrastructure stagnated as their Western counterparts gave way to the modern economy. Among the institutions that generated evolutionary bottlenecks are the Islamic law of inheritance, which inhibited capital accumulation; the absence in Islamic law of the concept of a corporation and the consequent weaknesses of civil society; and the waqf, which locked vast resources i

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48

Takian, Amirhossein, and Golnaz Rajaeieh. "Peace, Health, and Sustainable Development in the Middle East." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 4Suppl1 (2020): S23—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.s5.

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Background: As two essential human rights, as well as pillars of sustainable development, health and peace are closely interrelated. Further, health and well-being are the focus of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, while peace lies at the heart of SDG 16. This paper investigates the relationship between the three concepts of health, peace and sustainable development in the relevant literature. Methods: This is a qualitative study. Following the establishment of the construct of peace and health through consultation with three key informants (one health sociologists, one high-ranking diplom

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49

Yashlavskii, A. "The Jihadists from Europe in the Middle East: Phantom and Real Menace." World Economy and International Relations, no. 10 (2015): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-10-18-29.

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The issue of foreign fighters from Europe who travel to fight on the side of radical jihadist groups in the Middle East (primarily in Syria and Iraq) is growing in importance in view of the threat those militants who return home present for their countries. On the other hand, although almost every armed conflict in the countries with predominantly Muslim population attracts foreign volunteers. In particular, the Syrian civil war became the main point of attraction of jihadists from all over the world. Syria is considered by some experts as an “incubator” for Islamist militants. According to so

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50

Ranjan, Amit. "Foreign Policy Choice or Domestic Compulsion? Maldives’ Deep Ties With Saudi Arabia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 58, no. 4 (2023): 518–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219096231162102.

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This paper analyses how Maldives’ close ties with Saudi Arabia have affected its relations with other countries from Middle East Asia. Following the footsteps of Saudi Arabia, Maldives severed its diplomatic relations with Iran in 2016 and with Qatar in 2017. The paper discusses the economic investments Riyadh has made to develop civic infrastructure in the island nation. However, more than diplomatic ties and economic investments, close relations between Malé and Riyadh have affected the Island state’s society. There is a spread of religious obstructionism in Maldivian society, for which seve

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