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Academic literature on the topic 'Civil war period'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Civil war period"

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Lapshin, Roman V. "Flotillas in Turkestan on Civil War Period." International Naval Journal 4, no. 2 (September 25, 2014): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/inj.2014.4.77.

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Stefanidis, Ioannis D. "Antidote to Civil War?" Studia Historyczne 61, no. 2 (242) (December 31, 2018): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.61.2018.02.05.

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This paper seeks to reopen the question of legitimacy, and in particular democratic legitimacy, as an important factor affecting the course of European ‘small states’ involved in World War II. It draws attention to previously neglected or understudied but crucial aspects of wartime legitimacy, eminently the role of recognition by foreign powers, the rhetoric of the ‘Big Three’ Allies regarding post-war Europe, and the relevance of democratic legitimacy as a powerful antidote to civil conflict during the period of transition into peacetime.

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Tomita, T. "The Images of the Russian Civil War in the Inter-war Period." Annuals of Japanese Political Science Association 51 (2000): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7218/nenpouseijigaku1953.51.0_39.

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Marco, Jorge. "Rethinking the Postwar Period in Spain: Violence and Irregular Civil War, 1939–52." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 492–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419839764.

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There is a consensus among scholars regarding the slow transformation of ‘hot-blooded terror’ into ‘cold-blooded terror’ during the Civil War and the postwar period in Spain. This article challenges this framework in two ways. First, it argues that the Spanish Civil War did not end in 1939, but lasted until 1952, divided in three stages: symmetric nonconventional warfare (July 1936 – February 1937), conventional civil war (February 1937 – April 1939), and irregular civil war (April 1939–52). Second, it argues that the narrative of ‘cold-blooded terror’ after 1939 has obscured the complexity of the political violence imposed by the Franco dictatorship. The author argues that throughout the three stages of the Civil War the Francoists implemented a process of political cleansing, but that from April 1939 two different logics of violence were deployed. These depended on the attitude of the vanquished – resignation or resistance – after the defeat of the Republican army. The logic of violence directed against the subjugated enemy was channelled through institutional instruments. In contrast, the logic of counterinsurgency directed against the guerrilla movement, alongside instruments such as military courts and the prison system, imposed a wide repertoire of brutal practices and massacres against civilians and combatants.

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Fukuyama, Francis. "The Last English Civil War." Daedalus 147, no. 1 (January 2018): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00470.

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This essay examines why England experienced a civil war every fifty years from the Norman Conquest up until the Glorious Revolution of 1688–1689, and was completely stable after that point. The reasons had to do with, first, the slow accumulation of law and respect for the law that had occurred by the seventeenth century, and second, with the emergence of a strong English state and sense of national identity by the end of the Tudor period. This suggests that normative factors are very important in creating stable settlements. Rational choice explanations for such outcomes assert that stalemated conflicts will lead parties to accept second- or third-best outcomes, but English history, as well as more recent experiences, suggests that stability requires normative change as well.

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Kopek, Wojciech. "Bellum civile, bellum externum. Ambiwalencja obrazów wojny w twórczości Horacego." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 15 (December 12, 2017): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/3909.

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Bellum civile, bellum externum. Ambivalence of war images in Horace’s works The article aims at illustrating and explaining the ambivalence of images of just, external war (bellum externum) and civil, fratricidal war (bellum civile) in relation to the ancient literary theory and criticism, the phenomenon of political and cultural ‟patronage” and the political events of Augustan period. By analyzing the odes II 7 and III 2, epode 9 and ode I 37 the author argues that Horace’s initial litterary concept of presentation of civil and external war conventions as fas/nefas changes under the patronage. However, the poet himself, trying to preserve the poetic autonomy and meet the requirements of the ancient literary theory and criticism includes a new political and social situation in the sphere of his work.Key words: Horace; criticism; war; patronage; autonomy;

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Syrykh, V. M. "Forms of Soviet Justice of Civil War Period (1917–1921)." RUSSIAN JUSTICE 7 (July 2018): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-909x.2018.7.41-51.

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Suleimenov, М. A., and G. M. Kappassova. "Soviet political regime in Kazakhstan during the period of «military communism»." Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 136, no. 3 (2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/26-16-6887/2021-136-3-57-65.

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The article deals with the emergence and activity of Soviet power institutions in Kazakhstan during the period of «war communism». During the years of «war communism», the construction of the Soviet state apparatus continued. An important feature of this process, researchers call the wide involvement of workers and peasants in state bodies. There was a change in the national composition of civil servants - after the revolution, they began to include representatives of many peoples of the former Russian Empire. In addition, many officials continued to work in Soviet state structures that began their careers during the Provisional Government or even the tsarist regime. The escalation of the civil war led to the emergence of emergency authorities not provided for by the Constitution of the USSR. On the ground, the functions of emergency services were performed by revolutionary committees. During the years of the Civil War and «war communism», the RCP (b) became the core of the Soviet political system. Thus, under the influence of wartime emergencies, a rigid military command system began to form in the country. The article reveals the specifics of the implementation of the policy of «war communism» in Kazakhstan, carried out by the Bolsheviks during the civil war of 1918-1920. As a result of the analysis, it was possible to determine that the policy of «war communism» in the regional aspect was carried out in line with general Soviet trends. It represented a set of measures of the Soviet government in the field of industry, agriculture, and social relations aimed at militarizing production and ensuring the combat capability of the Red Army. The specifics of the implementation of the policy of «war communism» in Kazakhstan were determined by the economic backwardness of the region and the nature of hostilities. These features should include: later than in the whole Soviet Union, the inclusion of the regions of Kazakhstan in the process of implementing measures of «war communism», their extension to the indigenous population, more rigid forms and methods of implementing military-communist construction. The result of the policy of «war communism» in Kazakhstan was a drop in production, especially in the agricultural sector of the economy, the famine of 1920-1922, which led to demographic losses of the population, mass migration of nomadic peoples outside the country, widespread peasant anti-Bolshevik protests and resistance of the indigenous population in the form of Basmachism. Based on archival materials and published works, the authors analyze the activities of Soviets and revkoms. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn that determine the nature of the origin and purpose of the Soviet institutions of power.

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Milan, Chiara. "Civil society in Bosnia Herzegovina. From the late ‘80s to nowadays: a historical perspective." Tiempo devorado 4, no. 2 (July 7, 2017): 272–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/tdevorado.113.

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A set of historical and political factors has shaped the evolution of civil society in Bosnia Herzegovina over the years. The socialist rule influenced the way in which citizens organized, while in the aftermath of the war the intervention of foreign donors and agencies brought about the prospering of domestic non-governmental organizations (NGOs). In the recent period, protests and participatory practices emerged and spread throughout the country, stamping indelibly its social fabric and influencing the practices of formal organizations. This article provides an overview of the evolution of domestic civil society during the country’s recent past, examining how it evolved from the end of the socialist period to nowadays. The article begins by exploring the grassroots initiatives and the anti-war protests of the late 1980s, instances of an “unofficial” civil society stemmed from the liberalization of a socialist system on the brink of collapse. Next, it describes the mushrooming of civil society organizations in the aftermath of the war, before focusing on the grassroots civic initiatives unfolded in the 2000s, peaked with the 2013-14 protests and the surge of participatory assemblies known as “plenums.”

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Anwar, Sajad, and Inayat Kalim. "The Complexity of Intra-Afghan Dialogue Civil War Looms in Afghanistan." University of Wah Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56220/uwjss2022/0501/09.

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The US and NATO through a peace deal got a safe exit from Afghanistan. In this backdrop, the economic future of Afghanistan is more important. On the other hand, Pakistan has a short period to format its policies because after the US withdraws, there are serious threats of civil war and chaos in Afghanistan. India, Pakistan, Russia, and China are the rival states in the regions, which have strategic interests in Afghanistan. Regional, religious, ethnic, political, social, and economic complexities are the major obstacles to the Intra-Afghan peace deal. All these factors are indicating more complexes in the intra-Afghan peace process, which may lead to civil war. The possible solutions are the traditional Pashtuns Loya Jirga. This work attempts to analyze the stakeholders and trends in the Intra-Afghan peace process, and the complexities of the peace process. Keywords: Civil War, Peace Deal, NATO, Loya Jirga, Shura, Tribal system, Taliban

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Civil war period"

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Crawley, Lisa M. "The 'double veil' African American women during the civil war and reconstruction period." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517363.

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Mubarez, Abdeldayem M. "Foreign policy making in the Yemen Arab Republic civil war period : a study of four major decisions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1407/.

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This study examines the way in which certain foreign policy decisions were made in the latter stages of the Republican-Royalist war of the 1960s. It seeks to explain how decisions were made, under what circumstances, who the decision-makers were, and what the influences were, internal as well as external, which bore on the foreign policy making of the Yemeni Republic. In addressing these questions four major decisions are analysed. These are: 1. The rejection of the Khartoum Agreement on Yemen concluded by the Egyptian President Djamal Abd al-Nasir and King Faysal of Saudi Arabia on 31 August, 1967; 2. The recognition of the independence of the People's Republic of South Yemen on 30 November, 1967; 3. The resumption of diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Germany on 15 July, 1969; 4. The acceptance of the proposed reconciliation agreement with Saudi Arabia and the Yemeni Royalists on 31 March, 1970. These decisions were all made in the second half of the war, beginning at a time when Egyptian influence in Yemen had receded and a more autonomous YAR policy was emerging. These decisions were made by different elites, in response to various stimuli, and under divergent settings and could thus be taken as representative of YAR decision-making in this period. This investigation confirms that in Yemen, as with other third world countries, the decision-making process was dominated by personalities, and in particular by the two heads of state, Marshal Abdallah al- Sallal and Kadi Abd al-Rahman al-Iryani. However, contrary to the assumption of the primacy in the decision-making process of the personal predispositions of the principal decision-makers, especially in stress situations, the personal predisposition of the two heads of the Yemeni Republic were largely subordinated to the supreme objective of the regime defined in terms of the survival of the Republican system. External factors helped to shape the decision-making process. The YAR, as a poor-resource developing state, had insufficient capacity to either defend itself against the Royalist military threat or achieve other less vital objectives such as economic development. For these, it had to rely on external assistance and as a result, other states, especially the UAR and USSR in the pre-1968 era, became important in the decision-making calculus. In another aspect, the Royalist threat dictated the need for solidarity within the YAR governing elite and facilitated the adoption of decisions on the crucial issue of security by consensus. Similarity of views and the existence of shared values among the post-November 5, 1967 government, ensured the perpetuation of this pattern of decision-making with respect to almost all issues. One of the objectives of the study is to contribute to analysing comparative foreign policy decision-making, and some conclusions are related to propositions pertaining to decision-making in third world countries. However, other conclusions show that, in the Yemeni situation, the existing theories have only limited applicability.

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Fernandes, Mario Joseph. "The role of the Midland knights in the period of reform and rebellion 1258-67." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-the-midland-knights-in-the-period-of-reform-and-rebellion-125867(2359d2c3-a9cd-4041-8b79-074ca181a036).html.

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Page, Alexander Robert. "Resurrecting the democracy : the Democratic party during the Civil War and Reconstruction, 1860-1884." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/70466/.

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This thesis places the Democratic party at the centre of the Reconstruction narrative and investigates the transformation of the antebellum Democracy into its postbellum form. In doing so, it addresses the relative scarcity of scholarship on the postwar Democrats, and provides an original contribution to knowledge by (a) explaining how the party survived the Civil War and (b) providing a comprehensive analysis of an extended process of internal conflict over the Democracy's future. This research concludes that while the Civil War caused a crisis in partisanship that lasted until the mid-1870s, it was Democrats' underlying devotion to their party, and flexibility over party principle that allowed the Democracy to survive and reestablish itself as a strong national party. Rather than extensively investigating state-level or grassroots politics, this thesis focuses on the party's national leadership. It finds that public memories of the party's wartime course constituted the most significant barrier to rebuilding the Democratic national coalition. Following an overview of the fractures exposed by civil war, the extent of these splits is assessed through an investigation of sectional reconciliation during Presidential and Radical Reconstruction. The analysis then shifts to explore competing visions of the party's future during the late 1860s and early 1870s when public confidence in the Democracy hit its lowest point. While the early years of Reconstruction opened the party to the possibility of disintegration, by the mid-1870s Democrats had begun to adopt a stronger national party organisation. Through a coherent national strategy that turned national politics away from issues of race and loyalty and towards those of economic development and political reform, while simultaneously appealing to the party's history, national Democratic leaders restored public confidence in the Democracy, silenced advocates of the creation of a new national party, and propelled the party back to power in 1884.

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Crawford, Joel M. "Performance Practice of Brass Band Music of the American Civil War: A Perspective from Saxton's Cornet Band." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/53.

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This project examines source materials, methods, and instruments required for creating an informed period performance of military brass band music from the American Civil War. The rapid development of brass bands in America combined with the volatility of the war meant that much of the development of these styles were not formally documented. To compound this problem an instrumentalist trained on modern instruments who plays on an instrument from the period will produce a sound highly colored and influenced by their sound concept on a modern instrument. Experience with the instrument and attention to their idiosyncrasies will offer the closest possible sound to bands in the Civil War era. This project examines primary musical sources as well as considerations on how to properly approach a period performance of brass band music of this era. Central to this examination is the author's training and experience as a member of the Civil War period performance ensemble Saxton's Cornet Band.

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Kendall, Clayton Maxwell. "International Activism of African Americans in the Interwar Period." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/564.

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African Americans have a rich history of activism, but their involvement in affecting change during the interwar period is often overlooked in favor of post-Civil War and post-World War II coverage. African Americans also have a rich history of reaching out to the international community when it comes to that activism. This examination looks to illuminate the effect of the connections African Americans made with the rest of the world and how that shaped their worldview and their activism on the international stage. Through the use of newspapers and first-hand accounts, it becomes clear how African American figures and world incidents shaped what the African American community in the United States took interest in. In Paris, however, musicians explored a world free from Jim Crow, and the Pan-African Congresses created and encouraged a sense of unity among members of the black race around the globe. When violence threatened Ethiopians through the form of an Italian invasion, African Americans chose to speak out, and when they saw the chance at revenge against fascists they joined the Spanish Republic in their fight against Francisco Franco. In the interwar period African Americans took to heart the idea of black unity and chose to act in the interest of the black race on the international stage. Their ideas and beliefs changed over the course of the two decades between the World Wars, eventually turning thoughts into actions and lashing out against any injustice that befell any member of the black race.

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Peller-Semmens, Carin. "Unreconstructed : slavery and emancipation on Louisiana's Red River, 1820-1880." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/61110/.

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Louisiana's Red River region was shaped by and founded on the logic of racial power, the economics of slavery, and white supremacy. The alluvial soil provided wealth for the mobile, market-driven slaveholders but created a cold, brutal world for the commoditized slaves that cleared the land and cultivated cotton. Racial bondage defined the region, and slaveholders' commitment to mastery and Confederate doctrine continued after the Civil War. This work argues that when freedom arrived, this unbroken fidelity to mastery and to the inheritances and ideology of slavery gave rise to a visceral regime of violence. Continuity, not change, characterized the region. The Red River played a significant role in regional settlement and protecting this distorted racial dynamic. Racial bondage grounded the region's economy and formed the heart of white identity and black exploitation. Here, the long arcs of mastery, racial conditioning, and ideological continuities were deeply entrenched even as the nation underwent profound changes from 1820 to 1880. In this thesis, the election of 1860, the Civil War, and emancipation are not viewed as fundamental breaks or compartmentalized epochs in southern history. By contrast, on plantations along the Red River, both racial mastery and power endured after emancipation. Based on extensive archival research, this thesis considers how politics, racial ideologies, and environmental and financial drivers impacted the nature of slavery, Confederate commitment, and the parameters of freedom in this region, and by extension, the nation. Widespread Reconstruction violence climaxed with the Colfax Massacre and firmly cemented white power, vigilantism, and racial dominance within the regional culture. Freedpeople were relegated to the margins as whites reasserted their control over Reconstruction. The violent and contested nature of freedom highlighted the adherence to the power structure and ideological inheritances of slavery. From bondage to freedom, the Red River region remained unreconstructed.

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Estrada, Alicia Ivonne. "Textual transversals : activisms and decolonization in Guatemalan Mayan and Ladina women's texts of the Civil War and postwar periods /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Cunningham, Andrew John. "The relationship between humanitarian international non-governmental organisations and states in periods of civil war : case study of Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland and the Government of Sri Lanka." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2016. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-relationship-between-humanitarian-international-nongovernmental-organisations-and-states-in-periods-of-civil-war(9eb90896-95db-4efd-bb42-5fc0c783d654).html.

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This research examines the relationship between a humanitarian international non-governmental organisation (INGO) and a state against the background of civil war. This relationship is established as two sets of norms in tension: The moral as represented and made operational by humanitarian INGOs and the political as articulated and practised by states, mediated through the discourse of identity. Specifically the study investigates the constructed relationship between the humanitarian INGO Médecins Sans Frontières-Holland (MSF-H) and the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) during two periods of the Sri Lankan civil war (2006 and 2008-2009). A negotiation structure is proposed where an external actor—a humanitarian INGO—attempts to operate within the internal environment of a state. For a state, civil war is a ‘state of exception’, where a government’s prerogative to act outside ‘normal’ legal and moral boundaries may be taken up and where international actors are securitised. For a humanitarian organisation a civil war is defined as a humanitarian crisis which must be responded to using humanitarian principles in a non-political manner. This case study relationship is viewed from both MSF-Holland’s and the GoSL’s perspectives. On the side of the GoSL the study describes and analyses the government’s decision-making when faced by international criticism, a humanitarian crisis, and international organisations attempting to work on its territory. The background for the GoSL’s actions is extensively explored. MSF-Holland’s response to the thinking and actions by the GoSL is also closely examined, as is its internal discussions concerning its role in the context as a humanitarian actor. A discourse analysis methodology is used to analyse the primary source material. It was found that when securitised MSF-H had various options in responding: Accommodation to the demands of the GoSL; withdrawal from the country; counter-attacking the government; or concealment—hiding itself from attention. Rejecting these MSF-H chose desecuritisation. In the 2006 period engagement between the actors was possible albeit difficult; the securitisation process was manageable through desecuritisation. However, in the 2008-2009 period securitisation prohibited action and speech, and desecuritisation was not effective. The thesis proposes a theoretical framework—a negotiation structure, within which to understand these interactions, based on the case study findings. The conclusion points to further research needs and discusses the usefulness of the proposed negotiation structure to other contexts.

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Courriol, Marie-France. "Cinéma et expérience totalitaire : le laboratoire du genre du film de guerre dans l'Italie fasciste (1935-1943)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL30047.

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Cette thèse analyse les films de guerre de fiction produits dans l’Italie fasciste de 1935 à 1943, de la Guerre d’Ethiopie à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle démontre que le genre de guerre fonctionne comme un laboratoire pour l’entreprise de révolution anthropologique de l’Italie, inhérente à l’expérience totalitaire fasciste. Ce modèle cinématographique et social est en effet célébré comme devant s’étendre à l’ensemble du monde cinématographique italien, et ses caractéristiques à l’écran sont censées fournir l’image d’une société fasciste idéale.Après avoir analysé la mise en place du film de guerre italien dans ses discours, ses institutions et ses circulations internationales, ce travail examine les réponses de la production cinématographique. Il se clôt sur la perception du genre de guerre, ses spectateurs, sa réception et sa publicité. Il montre que les films de guerre de la période forment un lieu où coexistent de nombreux objectifs servant des groupes variés. Reposant en grande partie sur des archives d’Etat et de cinéastes, ce travail se concentre sur des études de cas de producteurs (Scalera, Bassoli Film), de réalisateurs (Goffredo Alessandrini, Mario Camerini, Francesco De Robertis, Augusto Genina, Romolo Marcellini, Roberto Rossellini), de scénaristes (Asvero Gravelli, Gian Gaspare Napolitano) et de réception de films particuliers. Cette étude des réponses multiples aux demandes d’un système totalitaire en formation dans le champ cinématographique entend contribuer au débat historiographique sur l’adhésion populaire au fascisme, en en élargissant les paramètres. En outre, bien que le genre joue un rôle central dans le développement de l’industrie cinématographique nationale, ce travail démontre cependant la nécessité d’interpréter ces films en termes transnationaux et non comme simples produits politiques et nationaux
This thesis analyses the fictional war films produced in Fascist Italy from 1935 to 1943, from the Ethiopian war to the end of WWII. It argues that this genre functioned as a laboratory for the anthropological renewal of Italy in the Fascist totalitarian experiment. Fascist critics celebrated it as a cinematic and social model that had to be applied to the whole Italian film world, and whose on-screen features were to become the mirror image of an ideal Fascist society. After tracing the foundations of the Italian war film genre (critical debates, international circulation), the thesis interrogates the positioning of film professionals in relation to Fascist cultural policies. Lastly, it redefines the genre in terms of its interactions with Italian viewers and through advertisement. This thesis shows that war films of the period constitute a contested site serving multiple purposes for multiple groups. Relying primarily on archival material from Italy’s state archives and filmmakers’ private papers, this work presents several case studies of producers (Scalera, Bassoli Film), directors (Goffredo Alessandrini, Mario Camerini, Francesco De Robertis Augusto Genina, Romolo Marcellini, Roberto Rossellini), screenwriters (Asvero Gravelli, Gian Gaspare Napolitano) and reception of specific films. A study of the multiple responses to the demands of an aspiring totalitarian system, both from the point of view of film consumption and filmmaking, contributes to the historiographical debate on Fascism by broadening the parameters of the longstanding debate on popular consent for the regime. In addition, this work demonstrates the need to interpret these films in a transnational perspective and not as mere political and national products

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Books on the topic "Civil war period"

1

Entertainment, Time Inc Home, ed. The Civil War in 500 photographs. New York, NY: Time Life Books, 2015.

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John, Pitman. Breech-loading carbines of the United States Civil War period. Tacoma: Armory Publications, 1987.

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Russell, Mike. The collectorʼs guide to Civil War period bottles and jars. Arlington, VA: Russell Publications, 1988.

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Neil, Kagan, ed. The untold Civil War: Exploring the human side of war. Washington, D.C: National Geographic, 2011.

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Meredith, Roy. The world of Mathew Brady: Portraits of the Civil War period. New York: Bonanza Books, 1988.

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Hill, Russell Christie, and Kochan Betty Hill, eds. The Civil War period journals of Paulena Stevens Janney, 1859-1866. Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press, 2007.

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Marlene, Smith-Baranzini, Simison D. J. ill, and Rawls James J, eds. USKids history: Book of the American Civil War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1998.

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The Civil War: Leaders and generals. Minneapolis, MN: ABDO Pub. Co., 2012.

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Our storied Civil War: An outline history studded with vignettes & period drawings. Reading, PA: Aperture Press, 2012.

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The Richmond slave trade: From the colonial period to the Civil War. Charleston: History Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Civil war period"

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Russell, Robert. "The Civil War in Soviet Drama." In Russian Drama of the Revolutionary Period, 51–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09721-0_3.

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Giegerich, Thomas. "Die Civil War Amendments und die Civil Rights Acts der „Reconstruction Period“." In Privatwirkung der Grundrechte in den USA, 136–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77523-9_9.

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Marsh, Rosalind. "The Civil War and the Revolutionary Period, 1917–22." In History and Literature in Contemporary Russia, 132–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377790_10.

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Dunn-Hensley, Susan. "Salmacida Spolia: The Last Masque of the Caroline Period and the English Civil War." In Anna of Denmark and Henrietta Maria, 195–222. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63227-8_8.

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Ushakov, Aleksandr, and Vladimir Fediuk. "The Nationalities Policy of the Whites in the South of Russia in the Civil War Period." In Ethnic and National Issues in Russian and East European History, 174–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596931_12.

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Watanabe, Shoichi. "The Civil War Period and the Foresight of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the First of the Tokugawa Shōguns." In The Peasant Soul of Japan, 125–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20242-3_11.

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Nyberg, Tore. "The great period: civil war 2." In Monasticism in North-Western Europe, 800–1200, 116–47. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315194547-10.

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Nyberg, Tore. "The great period: civil war 3." In Monasticism in North-Western Europe, 800–1200, 148–66. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315194547-11.

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Nyberg, Tore. "The great period: civil war 1." In Monasticism in North-Western Europe, 800–1200, 94–115. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315194547-9.

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Frankfurter, Felix, James M. Landis, and Richard G. Stevens. "The Period Prior to the Civil War." In The Business of the Supreme Court, 4–55. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315131108-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Civil war period"

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Khubulova, S. A. "Social Reflections Of Former Civil War Red Partisans In The Post-War Period." In SCTCGM 2018 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.02.289.

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Drobchenko, V. A. "The professional movement in Siberia during the period of “democratic counter-revolution” (June - November 1918)." In Civil War in the East of Russia (November 1917 – December 1922). FUE «Publishing House SB RAS», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/978-5-7692-1664-0-133-142.

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Danilchenko, Sergei Leonidovich. "Study on the military economy as a science and its formation as a discipline in the interwar period (1921-1941)." In Сollection of articles. Publishing house Sreda, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-22073.

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Shortly after the end of the civil war, the Soviet military-economic thought faced a number of military-economic problems. The interests of the country's defense required a deep analysis of the economic problems of the first world war and the civil war, the development of ways and methods of the most painless and rapid transfer of the entire national economy to the military track, the further development of the military-economic science.

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Menshagin, Alexander, Evgeny Menshagin, and Vadim Perevoznikov. "To the Question of DPR and LPR State Award System in 2014–2019." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2020. Baikal State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3017-5.30.

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Since 2014 the Ukrainian political situation has been reminiscent of the period when Russia was ravaged by the Civil War of 1917–1922. Studying the problems of the establishing and development of the award system of the unrecognized republics of Donetsk and Lugansk allows us to understand more clearly the realities of the Civil War of 1917–1922 in Russia.

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Tsybenov, Bazar, and Leonid Kuras. "«People in Harbin Reasonably Consider the Urginsky District as a District of Bolsheviks…»: Baikal Region and Mongolia 1917–1919 in the Materials of the Mongolian Expedition for Purchasing Livestock." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2021. Baikal State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3040-3.45.

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The article is devoted to the study of some details of the history of Baikal region and Mongolia in 1917–1919. The Mongolian history of this period is closely related to the revolutions and the civil war in Russia. The authors studied the materials of the fund 71 of the State Archives of the Irkutsk Region, which contain reports from Russian officials involved in the purchase of cattle in Mongolia.

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Bambó Naya, Raimundo. "The role of residential fabric in the configuration of the city in Spain in the 1940s and 1950s. The case of Jaca." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6259.

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The housing problem was one of the fundamental concerns of the new State that emerged after the Civil War in Spain. Different official bodies were created to this end, facing the need for reconstruction of different cities and villages and the dwelling shortage. During the 1940s and 1950s there was a progressive shift of interest from rural housing to urban housing. A series of residential projects of different nature were developed in towns and cities, modifying their urban configuration. The objective of this work is to study different public housing projects carried out during the 1940s and 1950s in the city of Jaca by Lorenzo Monclús, municipal architect of the city, regional delegate of the National Housing Institute and urban planning technician. On the one hand, the study focuses on the theoretical models and international references on which they are based, the building types, the architectural language, and the design of the urban space. On the other hand, on the adaptability of these models to the existing city structure and its planning: a 1917 extension project according to nineteenth century models, carried out after the demolition of the city walls, and revised on successive occasions during the studied period. This analysis of a local experience is part of a wider debate: that of the urban culture in Spain during the postwar period. Despite all the limitations, modern functionalist urbanism was assimilated through public housing projects and urban extensions with open edification in smaller settlements, with techniques akin to those used in larger cities throughout the country.

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Khropov, A. "EARLY STAGES OF TOPOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF THE TERRITORIES OF CRIMEA AND THE BLACK SEA COAST OF THE CAUCASUS (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2610.s-n_history_2021_44/240-247.

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Proper topographic study of Crimea started not earlier than in the late 18th century when, after the incorporation of the peninsula into the Russian Empire, first rather detailed maps of this area were compiled by both military and civil agencies. Crucial breakthrough in topographic knowledge on Crimea occured from 1886 to 1911 as a result of its 1:21 000 survey representing relief features with contours. In comparison with other northern Black Sea regions, topographic studies of today’s Krasnodar Krai coastal areas started significantly later. The first review topographic maps of the area were compiled in the 1830s, but their quality remained unsatisfactory for a long time because of survey difficulties in the mountains and under conditions of the Caucasian War 1817–1864. «Map of the Caucasus with adjacent parts of Turkey and Persia» on 58 sheets at a scale of 1:210 000 definitely belongs to distinguished fundamental cartographical works of the 19th–20th centuries. Its compilation began in 1866 and continued over several decades. Its revised sheets continue to be issued up to 1941. In the Caucasus, the period of instrumental surveys representing relief features with contours started in the 1880s. These surveys were performed at a scale of 1:42 000.

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Petrioli, Nello, and Brandon Eastwood. "London Expanding - Adding Value Through Fine Engineering." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2699.

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<p>London combines a rapidly expanding population with ever-decreasing land availability. This equation continues to attract property investors and allows developers to deliver high quality buildings.</p><p>Typically, developments must respect local site constraints. London’s rich construction archaeology – from Roman times to the post-war period – and the need to future-proof new infrastructure, create a unique blend of challenging constraints.</p><p>Unlocking such highly constrained sites by devising finely-engineered, sustainable and cost-efficient solutions has generated some of London’s most iconic buildings. A typical example is the recently completed Principal Tower, a 50-storey residential development on the edge of the City. Sited between existing 19th century railway tunnels and a protected viewing corridor that restricts building heights, the tower also sits above provision for a future rail tunnel.</p><p>WSP overcame these extreme constraints by forming a deep ‘concrete box’ through the building’s basement to support both the tower and the future railway tunnel. Adopting solutions associated more with heavy civil engineering adds significant costs, but enables high value developments on otherwise unremarkable sites.</p><p>This paper will examine some of London’s most technically challenging sites, such as Principal Tower, 22 Bishopsgate and Shard Place and the advanced engineering solutions that have made these iconic buildings possible. Further details in the design of 22 Bishopsgate are given in Paper No 16601: Twentytwo Bishopsgate, London.</p>

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King-Berry, Arlene, and Carolene Eslyn Charles. "FACULTY & STUDENT RETENTION: KEEPING OUR HBCU-UDC ALIVE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end119.

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There is a national crisis around recruiting and retaining students from HBCUs. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education surveyed 64 of 100 HBCUs and found that only five of the schools surveyed graduated more than 50 percent of their students. The statistics are startling because HBCUs, some of which date to Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War (widely accepted as the period from 1865 to 1877), ostensibly was designed to improve an underserved community. Despite the large number of freshmen admitted each year to Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCU), a low number graduate (Tinto, 1993). It is, therefore, imperative that HBCUs implement strategies most likely to increase retention and persistence rates. When it comes to taking a closer look at pedagogy and practice in teaching, the COVID-19 Pandemic has created innovative environments for faculty to assess the students. The new perspective has many faculties utilizing evidence-based practices regarding performance-based assessment and other innovative techniques to assess students learning. Online teaching & learning and online assessment are likely to occupy a higher percentage of the future curriculum, which can be seen as a positive development for online learning. A correlation assumed that university faculty satisfaction and fair promotion could have a positive effect on student retention and engagement with a comprehensive analysis of these studies. It is paramount to consider that not only was fundamental student engagement found of tremendous relevance, but the literature is evident that student engagement during the entire higher education experience also leads to higher student retention rates and increased institutional commitment (Burke, 2019). This paper defines retention and persistence at HBCUs and presents the results of a systematic literature review that (a) identifies the challenges that impact student retention and persistence at HBCUs during the COVID-19 Pandemic and (b) delineates research-based practices/strategies recommended to address the academic, socio-emotional, and financial and health/wellness challenges of students attending HBCUs.

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Medne, Dace, Zanda Rubene, Māra Bernande, and Dzintra Illiško. "Conceptualisation of University Students’ Civic Transversal Competence." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.59.

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Education plays a key role in promoting fundamental values, citizens’ rights and responsibilities as well as social inclusion, in particularly so by reducing hostility towards vulnerable social groups. Therefore, all stages of education, including higher education, are important in the development of civic transversal competence. To ensure sustainable, qualitative, modern, and competitive higher education, the education facilitating the productive involvement of students in civil society and, consequently, their competitiveness in the labour market is a topical issue in the context of Latvia too. In keeping with this rationale, in January 2020, the University of Latvia started the implementation of the first round of the research “Assessment of Competences of Higher Education Students and Dynamics of Their Development in the Study Period” with the study of students’ civic transversal competence as its part. The paper aims to conceptualize students’ civic transversal competence, to determine its criteria and their indicators at different levels of higher education. Using the qualitative data processing program NVivo 12.0, there was carried out an analysis of 20 recent studies and higher education documents (2014-2020), as well as examples of good practice. The result is a descriptive matrix for civic transversal competence assessment, which can be used as a basis for the development of assessment tools.

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Reports on the topic "Civil war period"

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Flici, Farid, and Nacer-Eddine Hammouda. Mortality evolution in Algeria: What can we learn about data quality? Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.res1.3.

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Mortality in Algeria has declined significantly since the country declared its independence in 1962. This trend has been accompanied by improvements in data quality and changes in estimation methodology, both of which are scarcely documented, and may distort the natural evolution of mortality as reported in official statistics. In this paper, our aim is to detect these methodological and data quality changes by means of the visual inspection of mortality surfaces, which represent the evolution of mortality rates, mortality improvement rates and the male-female mortality ratio over age and time. Data quality problems are clearly visible during the 1977–1982 period. The quality of mortality data has improved after 1983, and even further since the population census of 1998, which coincided with the end of the civil war. Additional inexplicable patterns have also been detected, such as a changing mortality age pattern during the period before 1983, and a changing pattern of excess female mortality at reproductive ages, which suddenly appears in 1983 and disappears in 1992.

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Hicks, Jacqueline. Donor Support for ‘Informal Social Movements’. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.085.

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“Social movements” are by definition informal or semi-formal, as opposed to the formal structure of a stable association, such as a club, a corporation, or a political party. They are relatively long lasting over a period of weeks, months, or even years rather than flaring up for a few hours or a few days and then disappearing (Smelser et al., 2020). There is a substantial and growing body of work dedicated to social movements, encompassing a wide range of views about how to define them (Smelser et al., 2020). This is complicated by the use of other terms which shade into the idea of “social movements”, such as grass-roots mobilisation/ movements, non-traditional civil society organisations, voluntary organisations, civic space, new civic activism, active citizenship, to name a few. There is also an implied informality to the term “social movements”, so that the research for this rapid review used both “social movement” and “informal social movement”. Thus this rapid review seeks to find out what approaches do donors use to support “informal social movements” in their programming, and what evidence do they base their strategies on. The evidence found during the course of this rapid review was drawn from both the academic literature, and think-tank and donor reports. The academic literature found was extremely large and predominantly drawn from single case studies around the world, with few comparative studies. The literature on donor approaches found from both donors and think tanks was not consistently referenced to research evidence but tended to be based on interviews with experienced staff and recipients.

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Teräs, Jukka, Anna Berlina, and Mari Wøien Meijer. The Nordic Thematic Group for Innovative and Resilient Regions 2017–2020 - final report. Nordregio, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2021:3.1403-2503.

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The Nordic thematic group for innovative and resilient regions 2017–2020 (TG2) was established by the Nordic Council of Ministers and is a part of the Nordic Co-operation Programme for Regional Development and Planning 2017–2020. Three Nordicthematic groups were established for the four-year period: Innovative and resilient regions, Sustainable rural development, and Sustainable cities and urban development. The thematic groups have been organised under the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Committee of Civil Servants for Regional Affairs, and Nordregio has acted as the secretariat for the thematic groups. This report summarises the work and results of the Nordic thematic group for innovative and resilient regions (TG2) in 2017–2020. The thematic group has not only produced high-quality research on innovative and resilient regions in the Nordic countries but also contributed to public policy with the latest knowledge on the creation and development of innovative and resilient regions across the nordic countries, with focus on smart specialisation, digitalisation, regional resilience, and skills policies. TG2 has also contributed to research on innovative and resilient regions in the Nordic cross-border context.

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Short, Mary, and Sherry Leis. Vegetation monitoring in the Manley Woods unit at Wilson’s Creek National Battleﬁeld: 1998–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293615.

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Natural resource management at Wilson’s Creek National Battleﬁeld (NB) is guided by our understanding of the woodlands and prairies at the time of the Civil War battle in 1861. This report is focused on the Manley Woods unit of the park. This unit is an oak-hickory woodland in the Springﬁeld Plain subsection of the Ozarks. Canopy closure for Missouri oak woodlands can be highly variable and ranges from 30–100% across the spectrum of savanna, open woodland, and closed woodland types. In 1861, the woodland was likely a savanna community. Changes in land use (e.g., ﬁre exclusion) caused an increase in tree density in woodlands at Wilson’s Creek NB and across the Ozarks. Savannas and open woodlands transitioned to closed canopy woodlands over time. Park management plans include restoring the area to a savanna/open woodland structure. Prescribed ﬁre was reintroduced to Wilson’s Creek NB in 1988 and continues as the primary mechanism for reducing the tree canopy. The Manley Woods unit of Wilson’s Creek NB has been subject to intense natural and anthropogenic disturbance events such as a tornado in 2003, timber removal in 2005, prescribed ﬁres in 2006, 2009, and 2019, an ice storm in 2007, and periodic drought. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (hereafter, Heartland Network) installed four permanent monitoring sites within the Manley Woods area of the park in 1997. Initially, we assessed ground ﬂora and regeneration within the sites (1998–1999). We added fuel sampling after the 2003 tornado. Although overstory sampling occurred prior to the tornado, the protocol was not yet stabilized and pre-2003 overstory data were not included in these analyses. In this report, we focus on the overstory, tree regeneration, and ground cover metrics; ground ﬂora data will be assessed in future analyses. Heartland Network monitoring data reveal that Manley Woods has undergone substantial change in canopy cover and midstory trees since 1998. While basal area and density metrics classify Manley Woods as an open woodland, the closed canopy of the midstory and overstory reveal a plant community that is moving toward closed woodland or forest structure. The most recent ﬁre in 2019 was patchy and mild, resulting in continued increases in fuels. Ground cover metrics indicate infrequent disturbance since leaf litter continued to increase. Management objectives to restore savanna or woodland composition and structure to the Manley Woods overstory, regeneration layer, and ground cover will require implementation of prescribed ﬁre in the future. Repeated ﬁres can thin midstory trees and limit less ﬁre tolerant early seral species. Additionally, mechanical or chemical treatments to reduce undesirable tree species should be considered for woodland restoration. Decreasing canopy closure is an important and essential step toward the restoration of a functioning savanna/open woodland plant community in Manley Woods. Treatments that thin the midstory and reduce fuel loading will also beneﬁt these plant communities. With the anticipated changing climate, maintaining an open woodland community type may also provide resilience through management for native species tolerant of increasingly warmer temperatures.

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Quinn, Meghan. Geotechnical effects on fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing performance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41325.

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Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a fiber optic sensing system that is used for vibration monitoring. At a minimum, DAS is composed of a fiber optic cable and an optic analyzer called an interrogator. The oil and gas industry has used DAS for over a decade to monitor infrastructure such as pipelines for leaks, and in recent years changes in DAS performance over time have been observed for DAS arrays that are buried in the ground. This dissertation investigates the effect that soil type, soil temperature, soil moisture, time in-situ, and vehicle loading have on DAS performance for fiber optic cables buried in soil. This was accomplished through a field testing program involving two newly installed DAS arrays. For the first installation, a new portion of DAS array was added to an existing DAS array installed a decade prior. The new portion of the DAS array was installed in four different soil types: native fill, sand, gravel, and an excavatable flowable fill. Soil moisture and temperature sensors were buried adjacent to the fiber optic cable to monitor seasonal environmental changes over time. Periodic impact testing was performed at set locations along the DAS array for over one year. A second, temporary DAS array was installed to test the effect of vehicle loading on DAS performance. Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the DAS response was used for all the tests to evaluate the system performance. The results of the impact testing program indicated that the portions of the array in gravel performed more consistently over time. Changes in soil moisture or soil temperature did not appear to affect DAS performance. The results also indicated that time DAS performance does change somewhat over time. Performance variance increased in new portions of array in all material types through time. The SNR in portions of the DAS array in native silty sand material dropped slightly, while the SNR in portions of the array in sand fill and flowable fill material decreased significantly over time. This significant change in performance occurred while testing halted from March 2020 to August 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. These significant changes in performance were observed in the new portion of test bed, while the performance of the prior installation remained consistent. It may be that, after some time in-situ, SNR in a DAS array will reach a steady state. Though it is unfortunate that testing was on pause while changes in DAS performance developed, the observed changes emphasize the potential of DAS to be used for infrastructure change-detection monitoring. In the temporary test bed, increasing vehicle loads were observed to increase DAS performance, although there was considerable variability in the measured SNR. The significant variation in DAS response is likely due to various industrial activities on-site and some disturbance to the array while on-boarding and off-boarding vehicles. The results of this experiment indicated that the presence of load on less than 10% of an array channel length may improve DAS performance. Overall, this dissertation provides guidance that can help inform the civil engineering community with respect to installation design recommendations related to DAS used for infrastructure monitoring.

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