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Academic literature on the topic 'Civilisation et archéologie du proche-orient ancien'
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Journal articles on the topic "Civilisation et archéologie du proche-orient ancien"
Leibovici, Jacques. "Les télécommunications au premier millénaire av. J.-C. au Proche-Orient ancien." Cahiers d'histoire 31, no. 2 (November 6, 2013): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019286ar.
Full textBromberger, Christian. "Iran." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.108.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Civilisation et archéologie du proche-orient ancien"
Badinjki, Oubayda. "Histoire de la civilisation ancienne du monde arabe. Les figurines masculines en terre cuite en Syrie et au Liban au Néolithique et aux âges du Bronze. Etudes de cas." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H020.
Full textWhy male figurines? Because archaeologists specializing in terracotta have generally targeted zoomorphic figurines and, among anthropomorphic figurines, representations of women. Until now, there is no exhaustive and detailed catalog of terracotta male models. In this vast field of investigation, I have selected two periods : Prehistory, to go back to the origins and think about the creation of terracotta male figurines, and the Bronze Age, the apogee time for this type of production. This thesis deals so with the study of terracotta male figurines (modeled figurines, molded figures and molds). The objective of this study is to make a corpus of terracotta male figurines, because there is no satisfactory body of work, to classify them, to analyze them technically, artistically, and to interpret them, and finally publishing the unpublished figures preserved in the Louvre Museum.The research problems are the following : the figurines were used as toys, as decorative elements in homes, or as amulets? Should they be related to religious customs or rites? How can one interpret the discovery of male figurines in temples? in tombs and houses, whatever thetechnique that has allowed them to spread, the general question is always the same : for what purpose did the craftsman or the user make them? The answers vary according to the chronology, since the subject covers a very long period. According to the places and archaeological contexts and of course depending on the typology, because male figures may have different positions (sitting/standing), different gestures, different types of clothing, attributes (especially weapons). Researchers have proposed a wide variety of choices, sometimes on a hypothetical basis, ethnographic comparisons, and reconciliation with literary, artistic or funerary traditions. Undoubtedly, whatever the role of these figurines, they were considered important objects in everyday life during the Neolithic period, such as pottery, stone tools and other "utilitarian" objects, and important objects, especially in religious and magical activities, during the Bronze Age
Gerun, Yvan. "Le véhicule et son iconographie au Proche-Orient ancien du IVème au début du premier millénaire avant J.C." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG061.
Full textThe appearance of the vehicule in the Ancient Near East occurs in a space who is a leader for the taming, the training and the control of the big mammals. From the origins, at the end of the 4th millennium, an iconography develops linked with royal ideology (with social rituals). The social function is more important than the transport function. There is always a link with religion. Probably terracotta models have a votive function. There are numerous vehicles in the iconography at least until the first millennium BC. The themes are : hunting, domination, trampled enemy. There is a peak of quality in the ED IIIb. Globally the production is irregular: in some powerful estates
Guyot, Frédéric. "Evolution des sociétés prédynastiques et contacts interrégionaux en Egypte et au Levant sud (fin du 5e et première moitié du 4e millénaire)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010623.
Full textThis study intends to provide elements for an analysis of the evolution of Predynastic and Southern Levant cultures, between the end of the 5th and the middle of the 4th millennium (4300-3300 BC). In Egypt, this period starts at the beginning of the Predynastic era, when groups of agro-pastoralists settled gradually along the Nile Valley and the Delta. It ends with the advent of a hierarchical society and the setting of the conditions conductive to the emergence of State at the beginning the 3rd millennium. In the Southern Levant, this time frame extends from the end of the Chalcolithic to the beginning of the Early Bronze Age I. Through the analysis of an unpublished material (the Predynastic pottery from Tell el-Iswid in the Nile Delta, the dwellings of the Chalcolithic settlement of Bi r es-Safadi in the Northern Negev), and the reappraisal of published data (the architecture of Tuleilat Ghassul in the South of the Jordan Valley or the Minshat Abu Omar cemetery in Lower Egypt for example), this study aims to assess to what extent the development of societies in Upper Egypt, Lower Egypt and the Southern Levant was affected by interregional contacts. The issue is to estimate what kind of technical innovations, economic or social influences, these exchanges could have conveyed. The purpose is also to provide details on the modality of these contacts and the organization of these exchanges (down-the-line or long distance networks). This will lead us to propose a new approach to the homogenisation process of the Egyptian culture, which took place shortly before the political unification of the country
Ali, Cheikhmous. "Recherches sur les représentations architecturales dans la glyptique du Proche-Orient ancien." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869944.
Full textMehmedi, Rijad. "Recherches sur les ivoires du Proche-Orient ancien (Âge du Bronze - Âge du Fer) : les documents égyptisants et leurs sources égyptiennes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG036.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the study of a group of ivories found in several sites of the ancient Near East, known as egyptianizing ivories. We studied various interpretations as to the origin and meaning of these objects by consulting the bibliographic sources at our disposal. Without proposing a fundamental revision of the hypotheses made so far, this study, based on archaeological, iconographical and textual evidence, tries to highlight the different routes of transmission of the Egyptian iconographic motifs into the iconographical repertoire of the Ancient Near East, with a special emphasis on the art of ivory carving. After a general discussion on the ivory and the various sources available to the artists of antiquity, we concluded that the egyptianizing ivories were the product of local artists of the ancient Near East, that were inspired by the Egyptian art, either through trade or through the Egyptian artefacts found at several sites in the Levant. As for the interpretation of these motifs, we believe that the artists of the Ancient Near East have represented Egyptian cult objects without necessarily understanding the religious or symbolic meaning that these motifs had for the Egyptians. That said, these artists were not completely unaware of the general message attached to these objects; they have adopted and adapted the Egyptian iconography by following the conventions of the ancient neareastern art according to their needs
Dermech, Sarah. "L'utilisation des couleurs au Proche-Orient néolithique et chalcolitique (env. 12000 - 3000 av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG027.
Full textThis study focuses on the use of colors during the last stages of prehistory in the Near East, encompassing the Northern and Southern Levant, the Upper Tigris and Euphrates valleys and Mesopotamia, from the end of the Epipalaeolithic to the end of the Chalcolithic (ca. 12000-3000 cal. BC).This long period witnessed technical innovations and unprecedented social evolutions : sedentarization, development of agriculture and herding, invention of pottery and urbanization. Our aim was to explore how these different cultures have implemented colors in their architecture and their burials. What are these societies’ relationships to colored materials, local or imported ? How the use of colours changes ? What does it tell us about these societies ? Can we -and how- correlate them with technical and social developments specific to each culture ? Is it possible to recognize systems and dynamics at different scales – site, region, culture – and over the long term ? Data have been synthetized according a diachronic approach and put into perspective over several millennia. They show a dynamic use of colors, varying according to periods and geographical areas, and bring a new light to the understanding of these societies at the end of prehistory in the Near East
Badel, Émilie. "Les bitumes archéologiques : exploitation et façonnage en Mésopotamie, au Khuzestân et en Arabie orientale du Néolithique à l'âge du Bronze ancien (du milieu du VIè au IIIè millénaires av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H032.
Full textMan-shaped hydrocarbonated materials have been widely discovered in ancient Near East archaeological sites. These materials include viscous bitumen seeping along rivers and cliffs, bituminous limestones, bituminous sands and asphaltites. Adhesiveness, impermeability, conservation, weight, dark color, ductility or sculptability are among the variety of physico-chemical characteristics which allow for a large scope of use. Research on bitumen exploitation methods and corresponding technical framework covers a timeframe from mid 6th to 3rd millennia B.C. over Mesopotamia, Khuzistan and Eastern Arabia. This study, focusing on man and bitumen materials, was never performed before and provides new valuable insights in relation to Near East societies cultural dynamics. We gathered and brought together a comprehensive and organized database composed of 4021 bitumen items from 101 different archaeological sites. The bitumen pieces, artifacts and fragments are presented following their scope of use thus allowing the identification of technical fields. The technological study was based on a pluridisciplinary approach including archeometry, ethnography, epigraphy and experimentation; it brings to light viscous or solid bitumen exploitation operational chains. Cuneiform texts from end of 3rd millennium testify bitumen professions and occupations, bitumen prices and a hierarchy of sites within their exploitation. The techniques spreading models identified in our research highlight the existence of invention spots in almost all ancient Near East
Davin, Laurent. "La parure du Natoufien ancien en contexte funéraire : reconstitution des chaînes opératoires à Mallaha (Eynan), Israël." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H046.
Full textAt the end of the Levantine Epipaleolithic, at the beginning of the Natufian culture (14 900-13 700 BP cal.), some hunter-gatherer communities settle down. The formation of the first hamlets testifies to a new organization of the inhabited space that integrates the population of the deceased. The artistic representations and the personal ornaments appear in exceptional quantity and diversity on the scale of the Prehistory of the Levant. In some hamlets, part of the buried population was buried with personal ornaments but these assemblages have rarely been studied and sometimes even never inventoried. However, the personal ornaments discovered in funerary context could deliver important information on the organization of Natufian society and the role played by individuals. The objective of this work was thus to reveal the informative potential of the Natufian personal ornaments. To do this, we favored an approach not based on the interpretation of personal ornaments as a marker of a funeral practice but rather on its use in this closed set in time and the space that is the grave. The research, based on the interpretive framework initiated by M. Vanhaeren and F. d'Errico and an analytical approach adapted to the study of the ornaments in different raw materials (shell, bone) that we have developed, consists in the study of elements of ornaments associated with a primary burial because they offer a snapshot of the materials and techniques used at a certain time in the production of ornaments. Through a multi-disciplinary network of inferences from taphonomy, archaeozoology, technology and traceology, the “chaîne opératoire” is reconstructed to discover the behaviors involved in the acquisition, manufacture and use of various elements used in the ornaments. This approach makes it possible to reach the stages of the social life of the ornaments and to address the question of their role in the Natufian society. We thus studied the personal ornaments (1909 elements) associated with twelve early Natufian burials in the hamlet of Mallaha and compared the results with the elements discovered in the household layers of Mallaha and in the contemporary burials discovered elsewhere (el-Wad and Hayonim). These analyzes made it possible to highlight, for the first time, the individual “chaînes opératoires” of Natufian ornaments. Beyond the general principles of the functioning of the ornament on the scale of a Natufian group, it was possible to show, for the first time, the differences that exist between several social units within the group. These differences tend to indicate that some of the inhabitants of Mallaha wanted to distinguish themselves from others and express the peculiarity of their social status through its ornamental tradition
Lazzarini, Catherine Marie. "Les tombes royales et les tombes de prestige en Mésopotamie et en Syrie du Nord au Bronze Ancien." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20023/document.
Full textThe royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are specific of a group detaining a regional power or local power. We have identified archaeological traits in the Syrian and Mesopotamian Early Bronze Age context which could distinguish the prestige tombs from the others. These formal features are the monumental architecture, the specific location of the prestige tombs and the group of graves associated, and the grave goods. The wealth of the deposition and the structure are characteristics of the prestige tombs and it constitutes complex signs integrated in an ideological discourse. Thus, an anthropological perspective has been essential to appreciate the social implication of the elite funerary practices. As others main events in the society, funerary practices of prestige are rituals and social practices which play a role in the representation of the elite power and in the structure of the society. The royal tombs and the tombs of prestige are social instruments of ideological manipulation; the funerary practices are integrated in social discourse through rituals in order to reproduce and maintain social structure and justify the elite power
Kanhoush, Yasmin. "L’habitat urbain de Syrie au Bronze moyen : analyses technique, fonctionnelle et sociologique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2122.
Full textWhilst houses are certainly a work of architecture, they are also Man’s lived environment that reflect their technical expertise, home comforts, customs, way of life and their relationship with death. However, this type of vestige is often overlooked in favour of large, prestigious buildings of greater interest. Furthermore, Syria's Middle Bronze Age habitat has not yet been the subject of any detailed study, despite the strategic importance of this region and the period from an urban development perspective. In fact, the end of the third millennium (or Early Bronze) saw the abandonment of many sites, or at least a very significant reduction in their size and complexity, whereas the Middle Bronze II (between 1800 and 1500 B.C.), the period which concerns us, appears to have been a flourishing time.Our thesis is divided into two distinct parts. The first focuses on a thorough and critical analysis of the available materials from 36 sites located in four separate regions, these being Northwest Syria, the Middle Orontes Valley, the Middle Euphrates Valley and Northeast Syria. This research has been enriched by unpublished data from previous German excavations on the site of Tell Halawa A on the Middle Euphrates valley, and archaeological work that we conducted on the site of Tell Mishrifeh / the ancient Qatna in Western Syria.All the available archaeological data has been used (architectural surveys, excavation photographs, field notes, articles already published, etc.), as well as certain pieces of textual data (notably those found in Area T at Qatna). These were interesting points of comparison that helped us to reconstruct more fully the history and the volumetry of the ancient houses.The second part of our work is based on the comparison and cross-referencing of the various results obtained, which enabled us to uncover the main technical, typological and functional characteristics of the houses of that period. We have highlighted regional differences and a possible evolution of the types of buildings and their uses. We have also sought, as far as is possible, to consider housing in its urban environment and to restore the social dimension of domestic architecture through the hierarchy and neighbourhood relations that it is likely to reveal
Books on the topic "Civilisation et archéologie du proche-orient ancien"
Benoit, Agnès. Art et archéologie: Les civilisations du Proche-Orient ancien. Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2003.
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