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1

Black, Antony. "Classical Islam and Medieval Europe: A Comparison of Political Philosophies and Cultures." Political Studies 41, no. 1 (1993): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1993.tb01637.x.

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There were fundamental differences in political philosophy and culture between Islamic and western-Christian or European civilization in the period up to c.1500, notably concerning the nature of the political community, of religious law and of the mode of political discourse. Europe proved open to Greco–Roman influences and thus developed, as Islam did not, a notion of the legitimate secular state.
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2

Bemis, Michael F. "Book Review: Conflict in Ancient Greece and Rome: The Definitive Political, Social, and Military Encyclopedia." Reference & User Services Quarterly 56, no. 3 (2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.56n3.215c.

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Classical civilization represents the foundation upon which rests all of modern-day Western society. The English language, in particular, is larded with allusions to the Greeks and Romans of yesteryear, from “Achilles’s heel” to “deus ex machina” to “Trojan Horse,” which make reference to the many influences that these cultures have had on our art, literature, theater, and, unfortunately, war and military (mis)adventures. For all these reasons, it behooves the modern reader to have at least a passing familiarity with what transpired all those thousands of years ago. The editors would appear to
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3

Mays, L. W., D. Koutsoyiannis, and A. N. Angelakis. "A brief history of urban water supply in antiquity." Water Supply 7, no. 1 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.001.

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A brief history of ancient water supply techniques for urban areas from the earliest civilizations through the Roman times is presented. Throughout the history of urban centers, a sufficient water supply has been the backbone of each city. All sources of water, rivers, lakes, springs, underground sources, and rainwater collection, were exploited for urban supply starting from the earliest civilizations. The specific choice was dependent upon the civilization, the geomorphology, the topography, and the local climatic and hydrological conditions. No large-scale lifting techniques were available;
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4

Ghilardi, Matthieu, David Psomiadis, Valérie Andrieu-Ponel, et al. "First evidence of a lake at Ancient Phaistos (Messara Plain, South-Central Crete, Greece): Reconstructing paleoenvironments and differentiating the roles of human land-use and paleoclimate from Minoan to Roman times." Holocene 28, no. 8 (2018): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618771473.

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Phaistos was one of the most important Minoan palaces in Crete and previous studies have addressed its relationship with the paleo-seashore position during historical times. Here, we reconstruct the environmental evolution of Phaistos from Early Minoan to Roman times. Study of two stratigraphic sections and nine boreholes drilled in the westernmost part of the Messara Plain has revealed the stratigraphy of the Mid- to Late-Holocene sediments. Laboratory analyses comprise granulometry, magnetic susceptibility measurements and identification of mollusks, diatoms and pollen grains. Eighteen radio
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5

Strechie, Mădălina. "The Punic Wars: A “Clash Of Civilizations” In Antiquity." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (2015): 650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0110.

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Abstract The conflict that opposed the Carthaginians, called puny by the Romans, and the Eternal City, was one of epic proportions, similar to the Iliad, because, just as in the Iliad one of the combatants was removed forever, not only from the political game of the region, but also from history. The Punic Wars lasted long, the reason/stake was actually the control of the Mediterranean Sea, one of the most important spheres of influence in Antiquity. These military clashes followed the patterns of a genuine “clash of civilizations”, there was a confrontation of two civilizations with their mil
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Stankovic, Stevan. "The Djerdap National Park : The polyfunctional tourist region." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 83, no. 1 (2003): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0301043s.

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The Djerdap National park, which comprises the river, the lake, the gorge, and mountainous surrounding and has a potential in water and land traffic, influences several economic possibilities in rural and urban settlements. That influence would result in additional funds for spatial planning, which is one of the priorities when development of tourism in Serbia is in question. In our country, which is continental area of the Balkans, Djerdap lake, as a part of the Djerdap National park, is not only of local and regional value, but also of national, European, tourism, energetic, traffic, cultura
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7

Baburin, Sergey N. "LAW ENFORCEMENT ISSUES: INFLUENCE OF THE ROMAN LAW ON RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONIALISM." Law Enforcement Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(1).5-13.

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The subject. Modern law enforcement is considered in harmony with the spiritual and moral foundations of legal culture through the use of ideas and approaches of Roman law. 
 The purpose. An attempt has been made to assess the influence of Roman Law on Rus-sian constitutionalism and modern law enforcement on the basis of the spiritual and moral traditions of Russian legal culture. 
 The methodology. Methods of dialectical logic, analysis and synthesis, comparative-historical, formal-legal methods were used. The main method is comparison of founda-tions of Roman law with the basic pri
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8

Baburin, Sergey Nikolaevich. "ON SOCIAL VALUE: INFLUENCE OF THE ROMAN RIGHT ON RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, no. 1 (2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(1).5-14.

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Introduction. The article raises the problem of the influence of Roman law on Russian constitutionalism and the formation of social values based on this influence of the modern legal culture of Russia. Purpose. The author aims to assess the impact of Roman law on Russian constitutionalism and its social value. Methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis, dialectical logic, comparative-historical and formal-legal are used. Results. The thesis is argued that the ideas and approaches of Roman law retain social value, but their application is fruitful only in harmony with the spiritual and mora
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9

Halapsis, Oleksy. "INDIVIDUALISM ALLOWED ACCESS." Politology bulletin, no. 80 (2018): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-881x.2018.80.35-45.

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The purpose of the article is to identified the origin and essence of Western individualism. Methods of research. I used the methodology of post-nonclassical metaphysics of history, as well as the methods of epistemological polytheism and com parative. Results. The first sprouts of individualism can be detected in Greek poleis. It is the crisis of the polis system in Ancient Greece that predetermined the disappointment of the Greeks in the old collectivist ideals. Roman collectivism quite naturally got along with ideas about civil liberties and the dignity of an individual citizen. The idea of
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10

Huzain, Muh. "PENGARUH PERADABAN ISLAM TERHADAP DUNIA BARAT." Tasamuh: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (2018): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32489/tasamuh.41.

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The emergence of Islam influenced the revolution and made a wave of culture toward a new world when experiencing an era of darkness. The progress of Greek civilization in the West could not be continued by the Roman empire and Roman domination in the classical era until the middle ages; which was then the rise of the West in the era of renaissance in the 14-16th century. This paper will reveal the influence of Islam on the development of the Western world, since the emergence of contact between Islam with the West in the Classical era until the middle ages. There are different opinions among h
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Huzain, Muh. "Pengaruh Peradaban Islam Terhadap Dunia Barat." TASAMUH: Jurnal Studi Islam 10, no. 2 (2018): 355–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47945/tasamuh.v10i2.77.

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The emergence of Islam influenced the revolution and made a wave of culture toward a new world when experiencing an era of darkness. The progress of Greek civilization in the Westcould not be continued by the Roman empire and Roman domination in the classical era until the middle ages; which was then therise of the West in the era of renaissance in the 14-16th century.This paper will reveal the influence of Islam on the development of the Western world, since the emergence of contact between Islam with the West in the Classical era until the middle ages. There are different opinions among hist
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12

Nedavnya, Olga. "The place of Greek Catholicism in the self-identification of Ukrainians in their civilizational environment." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 12 (November 16, 1999): 106–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1999.12.1044.

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Among the significant religious factors that influenced and influence the cultural orientation of the Ukrainian nation, the phenomenon of Ukrainian Greek Catholicism is a unique place. In recent years, researchers of this phenomenon have focused their efforts primarily on identifying the national and consoli- datory role of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in identifying the opportunities and achievements of the Greek-Catholic denomination in identifying Ukrainian Greek Catholics in their identity between the neighboring-Polish Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox - ethnic groups.
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Janković, Marko A. "The Concept of Romanization and its Role in the Constitution of the Classical Archaeologies of the Western Balkans." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 3 (2016): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i3.6.

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The traditional concept of Romanization has heavily influenced the methodology of research of the Roman monuments in Europe. The basic principles of the concept have been laid out by Theodor Mommsen, the German historian and an expert in epigraphy, who was the first to define the relationships between the Roman "civilization" and the local populations in his book The History of Rome. Mommsen presents a process in which two different political, economic and technological communities meet, and the inferior one is inevitably assimilated. Through the adoption of language, script, customs and mater
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14

Dymydyuk, Dmytro. "The Relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots Monastery (1134) as a Source for Studying Arms and Armour of Medieval Armenian Warriors." Studia Ceranea 9 (December 30, 2019): 207–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.09.12.

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Byzantium’s arms and armours were researched by many historians. For that reason, the military history of the medieval Roman Empire enjoyed a dominant position in medieval historiography, with the consequence that very often the military history of small nations (under Roman influences) was written from the perspective of the Eastern Romans historians. The aim of the paper is to change this perspective and give the subject of the medieval Armenian military the attention it deserves. The idea is to perform an analysis of the relief on the Door of the Msho Arakelots monastery, where four equestr
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15

Miles, William F. S. "Black African Muslim in the Jewish State: Lessons of Colonial Nigeria for Contemporary Jerusalem." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 25, no. 1 (1997): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502510.

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This paper represents an essay into Africanist social history and experimental biography. Thirteen years ago the pages of this journal carried a debate between Ali Mazrui and Hailu Habtu concerning Western and Semitic (Arab and Jewish) cultural influences in subsaharan Africa. In response to Professor Mazrui’s argument on the Jewish religious, metaphorical, economic, and political impact on Black Africa (foreshadowing Greco-Roman and Islamic influences), Professor Habtu vigorously rejected the “hidden premise...of an African cultural vacuum, or near-vacuum, destined to be filled by ‘universali
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16

Poitras, Geoffrey. "Origins of arbitrage." Financial History Review 28, no. 1 (2021): 96–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565021000020.

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Following a review of the etymology and modern usage of the term ‘arbitrage’, this article explores the relevance of historical context to possible instances of ancient arbitrage activity. Types of possible ‘arbitrage’ associated with the use of overvalued coinage in regions of Greek influence are considered. Comparison with Roman civilization reveals the relevance of social attitudes and legal institutions to the ability to execute arbitrage trades. Specific attention is given to the possibility of arbitrage across the Roman frontier to India and the impact of debasements during the imperial
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17

Woolf, Greg. "Becoming Roman, staying Greek: Culture, identity and the civilizing process in the Roman East." Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 40 (1994): 116–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068673500001875.

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The nature, and indeed the reality, of Romanization in the east is controversial. One of the most influential accounts of Romanization in the western provinces notes that ‘by contrast, where Greek was already the language of culture, of government and of inter-regional trade, the Romans carried further the process of Hellenization … in general what was specifically Latin in the common civilization of the empire made little impact in the east’, the exceptions being the influence of Roman law and the popularity of gladiatorial games. That verdict endorsed the view that ‘the emperors made no atte
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18

Di Berardino, S. E. "Water and sanitation management in medieval Portugal." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (2017): 630–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.132.

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Abstract Water and sanitation played a crucial role in the evolution of Portugal and its empire, which in the sixteenth century dominated large portions of the world. Two relevant civilizations, the Roman Empire and the Arab invasion, had great influence on Portugal's water and sanitation knowledge. Following the creation of Portugal in AD 1143, the Cistercian order was called for removing Arab influence and received large domains, where it built large monasteries, all provided with remarkable examples of water supply, sanitation and waste management, merging the Roman background in sanitary e
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19

Bergler, Thomas E. "Youth, Christianity, and the Crisis of Civilization, 1930–1945." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 24, no. 2 (2014): 259–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2014.24.2.259.

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AbstractDuring the 1930s and 1940s, the Great Depression and the rise of communism and fascism in Europe convinced a broad spectrum of Americans that they were living through a prolonged “crisis of civilization” with real potential to destroy all they held dear. Meanwhile, they saw evidence that these global problems put young people especially at risk for immorality, loss of hope, and political subversion. Because the “youth problem” and the “world crisis” seemed to be inextricably linked, even the everyday behaviors of young people took on a heightened political significance in the eyes of m
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20

Yenigün, Kasım, A. Cihat Kürkçüoğlu, Mustafa S. Yazgan, Reşit Gerger, and Uğur Ülgen. "From ancient times to the present: development of the drinking water supply system of Şanliurfa in south-eastern Turkey." Water Supply 13, no. 3 (2013): 646–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2013.043.

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In this paper, water supply, distribution and storage structures in Şanlıurfa city that were built since the ancient times are investigated and technological details of some water supply structures are given. The city is one of the oldest cities and has hosted many civilizations throughout the centuries, beginning from 11500 BC. The acquired archaeological heritage shows that the city had important water supply practices. Many water structures, which can be categorized as the structures of the pre-Islamic Period (Roman Period) and post-Islamic Period (Ottoman Period), were constructed in the c
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Vuorinen, H. S., P. S. Juuti, and T. S. Katko. "History of water and health from ancient civilizations to modern times." Water Supply 7, no. 1 (2007): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.006.

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This paper examines the influence of water on public health throughout history. Farming, settling down and building of villages and towns meant the start of the problems mankind suffers from this very day – how to get drinkable water for humans and cattle and how to manage the waste we produce. The availability of water in large quantities has been considered an essential part of a civilized way of life in different periods: Roman baths needed a lot of water as does the current Western way of life with water closets and showers. The importance of good quality drinking water was realized alread
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Brander, Elizabeth. "Konstantinos Sp. Staikos. The History of the Library in Western Civilization, Vol. V: From Petrarch to Michelangelo. New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 2012. xxxi, 588p. $75 (ISBN 9781584561828)." RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 14, no. 1 (2013): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.14.1.397.

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The fifth volume in Konstantinos Staikos’ The History of the Library in Western Civilization is essentially a discussion of the beginnings and spread of humanism during the European Renaissance. In this context, a library is not a building designed to house books; it is instead the printed word in and of itself. It is therefore logical that much of the content in From Petrarch to Michelangelo is concerned with how the dissemination of literature complemented and influenced Renaissance thought. To this end, Staikos discusses topics such as the rediscovery of Greek and Roman texts and the impetu
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Safavi-Abbasi, Sam, Leonardo B. C. Brasiliense, Ryan K. Workman, et al. "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire." Neurosurgical Focus 23, no. 1 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc-07/07/e13.

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✓In 25 years, the Mongolian army of Genghis Khan conquered more of the known world than the Roman Empire accomplished in 400 years of conquest. The recent revised view is that Genghis Khan and his descendants brought about “pax Mongolica” by securing trade routes across Eurasia. After the initial shock of destruction by an unknown barbaric tribe, almost every country conquered by the Mongols was transformed by a rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and advances in civilization. Medicine, including techniques related to surgery and neurological surgery, became one of the many areas o
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Ziadeh, Farhat. "MULĀZAMA OR HARASSMENT OF RECALCITRANT DEBTORS IN ISLAMIC LAW." Islamic Law and Society 7, no. 3 (2000): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156851900507652.

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AbstractThe institution of mulāzama, or the harassment of the debtor through the constant pursuit of him, could obtain in three situations: (a) the pursuit of a penniless debtor who has been released from prison and declared bankrupt by a judge, (b) the pursuit of a debtor capable of paying his debt, and (c) the pursuit of a debtor before trial, lest he flee, pending the production of witnesses. Only Abū Hanīfa, and, following him, the dominant opinion of his school, supported the first. Some later Hanafīs as well as jurists of other schools supported the other two in varying degrees, until re
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ΠΑΥΛΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ, Κ., Κ. ΘΕΟΔΩΡΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ, B. HAYDEN та ін. "Γεωμορφολογική εξέλιξη της παράκτιας περιοχής του Ίστρου-Καλού Χωριού του νομού Λασιθίου Κρήτης από το Μέσο Ολόκαινο μέχρι σήμερα". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 38 (10 вересня 2005): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.18425.

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The Istron area is located in northeastern Crete, Gulf of Mirabello, on an alluvial fan of Holocene age. The archaeological importance of this area is pointed out not only by its archaeological remains, but also by its significant location. Many important minoan sites, like Gournia, Kavousi, Pseira, have been discovered near Istro,. There are indications of human installations from the Neolithic to the Roman period, proving the continuous human activity in this area. The significant geological location, as it represents an area with intense tectonic activity, the geomorphological regime of the
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Secco, Michele, Leslie Rainer, Kiernan Graves, et al. "Ochre-Based Pigments in the Tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary (Herculaneum, Italy) Between Decorative Technology and Natural Disasters." Minerals 11, no. 1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010067.

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Ochre-based pigments have been employed since the first artistic expressions of mankind, with widespread diffusion during the Roman civilization. Such prominent use influenced their technological development, focused on functional and aesthetic optimization through complex manufacturing procedures. Furthermore, their appearance is also influenced by degradation processes, sometimes driven by natural disasters such as the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, in which yellow ochres of Vesuvian sites were sometimes converted to red by thermal alteration. In this contribution, a multi-analytical a
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Secco, Michele, Leslie Rainer, Kiernan Graves, et al. "Ochre-Based Pigments in the Tablinum of the House of the Bicentenary (Herculaneum, Italy) between Decorative Technology and Natural Disasters." Minerals 11, no. 1 (2021): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11010067.

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Ochre-based pigments have been employed since the first artistic expressions of mankind, with widespread diffusion during the Roman civilization. Such prominent use influenced their technological development, focused on functional and aesthetic optimization through complex manufacturing procedures. Furthermore, their appearance is also influenced by degradation processes, sometimes driven by natural disasters such as the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, in which yellow ochres of Vesuvian sites were sometimes converted to red by thermal alteration. In this contribution, a multi-analytical a
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Meler, Arkadiy. "The Constitution of Christian Europe: The Milan Edict 1700 years ago laid the foundations of modern civilization." Religious Freedom, no. 17-18 (December 24, 2013): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2013.17-18.987.

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This year, the Christian world celebrates the 1700th anniversary of the edict of Milan by Emperor Constantine the Great (272-337), proclaiming the freedom of the Christian faith and laying the foundations for a unified European civilization, united by a common religious world outlook. By its direct influence on the development of "European humanity," the edict of Milan can not be compared to any historical event, either before or after. In ancient Europe there was not a single world outlook, and therefore there could not be an event that marks the beginning of antiquity precisely as a world ou
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Ejankowska, Elżbieta. "POŁOŻENIE PRAWNE FILIAE FAMILIAS I JEJ UDZIAŁ W OBROCIE PRAWNO-GOSPODARCZYM PAŃSTWA RZYMSKIEGO W OKRESIE PÓŹNEJ REPUBLIKI I PRYNCYPATU (ZARYS PROBLEMATYKI)." Zeszyty Prawnicze 6, no. 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2006.6.1.04.

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Legal Situation of the filiae familias and its Significance in Legal and Commercial Transactions in the Roman State during the Period of the Late Republic and Principate (an Outline of the Issues)SummaryThe legal and economic situation of the filiae fanilias is presented against the background of political and social-economic changes in two different political systems of the state, the common characteristics of which were that they constituted consecutive stages of advanced Roman civilization. The period faced an increase in the significance of women, although - regardless their status familia
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Flores Sierra, Ernesto Bayardo. "ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO DE FILOSOFÍA ISLÁMICA." Revista Cognosis. ISSN 2588-0578 1, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33936/cognosis.v1i1.223.

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El artículo busca realizar un análisis de ciertas particularidades del pensamiento islámico, que contribuyeron a la formación del pensamiento moderno, considerando la influencia determinante que sobre la historia tuvieron los pueblos musulmanes durante los siglos que se convirtieron en los focos más luminosos del desarrollo de las civilizaciones humanas y del pensamiento. Sabiendo que los pueblos europeos se nutrieron del contacto con las civilizaciones musulmanas, que fueron quienes conservaron en gran medida el pensamiento clásico de los griegos y los romanos, y quienes desarrollaron las pri
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Pohorila, L. M. "Social doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church: the creative work of women." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 51 (September 15, 2009): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2009.51.2089.

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The urgency of the issues discussed in the article is due to the fact that a person always stood and will be at the center of the interests of any religious structure, and especially if that structure is such an authoritative, powerful and influential Church as the Roman Catholic one. Today, centralized Catholicism presents its social position as a moral improvement of a person through cooperation with other people for the sake of a common and perfect future. The purpose of the article is to examine the social concept of Catholicism, which is pervaded by the ideas of providentialism. The latte
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A., Remya. "HISTORY OF COINS IN KERALA." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (2021): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12815.

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Coins are as important as the inscription in history. Numismatics, the study of coins, is a multi-disciplinary science in the sense it requires information in palaeography, prehistoric studies, engravings and history, however it is itself one of the fundamental hotspots for the reproduction of history. Kerala was conceivably occupied with exchanging exercises from 3000 BCE with Sumerians and Babylonians. Phoenicians, Greeks, Egyptians, Romans, Jews, Arabs, Chinese and Europeans were pulled in by an assortment of wares, particularly flavors, cotton textures and other resources. Trade, invasion
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Kaizer, Ted. "Capital punishment at Hatra: Gods, magistrates and laws in the Roman-Parthian period." Iraq 68 (2006): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021088900001224.

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This paper deals with gods, magistrates and laws. It centres on one example from the Roman-Parthian period. Its title derives from five Hatrean Aramaic inscriptions which record legal statements on capital punishment at Hatra, a city in the steppe of northern Mesopotamia that came to flourish suddenly (and briefly) in the second and early third century AD. I will argue that the information in these inscriptions about the divine world, institutional aspects and legislation can contribute to our understanding of the interaction of various cultural spheres of influence at Hatra. As such, this inf
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Ismail, Shaza. "The Influence of the Eastern Roman Civilization on the Imperial Portraits in Egypt and the Neighboring Countries from the First to the Fourth Century AD." International Journal of Heritage, Tourism and Hospitality 11, no. 1 (2017): 184–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ijhth.2017.30190.

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Ortloff, Charles R. "The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City of Petra (Jordan), 300 bc– ad 300." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 15, no. 1 (2005): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774305000053.

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The water supply and distribution system of the Nabataean city of Petra in southwestern Jordan has been explored and mapped. Analysis of the system indicates exploitation of all possible water resources using management techniques that balance reservoir storage capacity with continuous flow pipeline systems to maintain a constant water supply throughout the year. Nabataean Petra was founded c. 300 bc; urban development progressed with later Roman administration of the city starting at ad 106; Byzantine occupation continued to the seventh century ad. Trade networks that extended throughout much
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Armstrong, T. D. "An Old Philosopher in Rome: George Santayana and his Visitors." Journal of American Studies 19, no. 3 (1985): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800015322.

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Rome after the Second World War presented something of an anomaly. Of all the traditional capitals of European civilization it was the least affected by the conflict. Because of the Pope's presence, it had not been bombed, and it had escaped the heavy fighting in the campaigns to the south. Indeed, so easily was it taken that one film was to show the Eternal City captured by a single jeep. Italy was also faster to recover than any of the other combatants. American money flooded into the country, and political life was quickly under way again. All this made it a good place for visitors, a relat
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Sun, Zhe, Kan Yuan, Xiaohuan Hou, et al. "Centennial-scale interplay between the Indian Summer Monsoon and the Westerlies revealed from Ngamring Co, southern Tibetan Plateau." Holocene 30, no. 8 (2020): 1163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620913930.

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The Asian summer monsoon and the mid-latitude Westerlies are major atmospheric circulation systems which influence the climate of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), and hence the water resources, ecology, and socioeconomic well-being of the region. The interplay between the monsoon and the Westerlies has been investigated on glacial–interglacial, millennial, and decadal scales. However, due to the scarcity of high-resolution climate records from the TP, there is a lack of information on the centennial scale, which is more closely related to the development of civilization. Here we present a decadal-res
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McMichael, A. J. "Environmental and social influences on emerging infectious diseases: past, present and future." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1447 (2004): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1480.

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During the processes of human population dispersal around the world over the past 50 000–100 000 years, along with associated cultural evolution and inter–population contact and conflict, there have been several major transitions in the relationships of Homo sapiens with the natural world, animate and inanimate. Each of these transitions has resulted in the emergence of new or unfamiliar infectious diseases. The three great historical transitions since the initial advent of agriculture and livestock herding, from ca . 10 000 years ago, occurred when: (i) early agrarian–based settlements enable
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Kazakov, Igor Valentinovich. "The daily life of franks according to written sources at the time of Gregory of Tours: clothing, military affairs, urban life and customs." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 4 (2019): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201984208.

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This paper is a logical continuation of our paper The daily life of Franks according to written sources at the time of Gregory of Tours, I: diseases, medicine, hygiene and food. This paper is an attempt to collect and systematize information about the material conditions of life in the Frankish state of the Merovingians in the 6th century in the descriptions of contemporary authors. The choice of the topic is due to the need to compose a complete picture of a persons life from the beginning of the early Middle Ages, which until now has remained poorly researched, unlike the Carolingian period.
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Musadad, Asep Nahrul. "Eschatological Expression In The Holy Text (A Preliminary Hermeneutical Exploration on Selected Eschatological Narratives in the Qur’an and the Bible)." Ar-Raniry, International Journal of Islamic Studies 2, no. 1 (2015): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.20859/jar.v2i1.37.

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<p>One of the key concept that lies in almost every religions, as asserted in each holy texts, is eschatological doctrine. The apocalyptic belief in the last day has been existed throughout the history of civilizations with the various expression. Eschatological narrative in the holy texts ought to deemed as a historical text that revealed within its space and time. Accordingly, it is a historizing thing, which contains plenty of stories besides it’s sacred messages. This sense of historical awareness is pointed out – for example – by the eschatological narratives in the Qur’an which str
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Hossam, Ismael. "The Climate and Its Impacts on Egyptian Civilized Heritage: Ei-Nadura Temple in El- Kharga Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt As a Case Study." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (2015): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0001.

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Abstract Undoubtedly, El-Kharga Oasis monumental sites are considered an important part of our world´s cultural heritage in the South Western Desert of Egypt. These sites are scattered on the floor of the oasis representing ancient civilizations. The Roman stone monuments in Kharga represent cultural heritage of an outstanding universal value. Such those monuments have suffered weathering deterioration. There are various elements which affect the weathering process of stone monuments: climate conditions, shapes of cultural heritages, exposed time periods, terrains, and vegetation around them,
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Roberts Reilly, Frances. "Who Was John Sampson Really Protecting?" Critical Romani Studies 3, no. 2 (2021): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.29098/crs.v3i2.90.

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Begun in 1888, the Gypsy Lore Society (GLS) set out to describe and preserve Welsh Kale Romani customs, culture and language. Leaders in this effort were John Sampson, Francis Hindes Groome and Dora Yates, among others who took on the role of ethnographers, anthropologists and linguists. This paper raises the question, “Who Was John Sampson Really Protecting?” It is answered through an extensive examination of documented sources: birth records, census records, newspaper articles, Gypsy Lore Society Journals, academics on racism, and modern-day ethnography and anthropological practices. As well
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Elfadaly, Abdelaziz, Mohamed A. R. Abouarab, Radwa R. M. El Shabrawy, et al. "Discovering Potential Settlement Areas around Archaeological Tells Using the Integration between Historic Topographic Maps, Optical, and Radar Data in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (2019): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11243039.

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The primary objective of this study is to leverage the integration of surface mapping data derived from optical, radar, and historic topographical studies with archaeological sampling to identify ancient settlement areas in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt. This study employed the following methods: digitization of topographic maps, band indices techniques on optical data, the creation of a 3D model from SRTM data, and Sentinel-1 interferometric wide swath (IW) analysis. This type of study is particularly relevant to the search for evidence of otherwise hidden ancient settlements. Due to its geo
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Khairedinova, Elzara. "Byzantine Healing Amulets from Southwestern Crimea." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (February 2021): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.6.6.

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Introduction. The article presents two unique items from the Southwestern Crimea – a bronze finger ring with an image of a lion-headed serpent Chnoubis, originating from a female burial of the first quarter of the 7 th century of the Gothic-Alanian burial ground near the village of Luchistoye, and a bronze medallion, which was found in the area of the village of Goncharnoye, with magic signs, formulas and an image of Chnoubis, which is tied to an altar, fighting a snake. Methods. According to some similar findings from the territory of the Eastern Roman Empire, the ring and the medallion are a
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Graziano, Manlio. "The Rise and Fall of ‘Mediterranean Atlanticism’ in Italian Foreign Policy: the Case of the Near East." Modern Italy 12, no. 3 (2007): 287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940701633767.

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The article aims at studying the reasons for the new way of looking at the Palestinian-Israeli conflict by the Italian political world: the mutual recognition of Israel and the Vatican, the visit to Jerusalem by the leader of the formerly fascist party, Mr. Gianfranco Fini, and the beginnings of a movement of interest towards the Jewish State also within the political left. From a historical viewpoint, anti-Semitism in Italy found its origins in the Church's attitude toward the ‘deicide people’. Beginning with WWI, to this position was added the worry that the Holy Places might fall under Jewi
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Feldman, Louis H. "Origen's Contra Celsum and Josephus' Contra Apionem." Vigiliae Christianae 44, no. 2 (1990): 105–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007290x00243.

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AbstractIn summary, both Celsus and Origen were confronted with dilemmas. On the one hand, Celsus had to demonstrate that the Christians erred in leaving Judaism and that the Jews provide a credible anti-Christian witness; but, at the same time, he had to denigrate Judaism. In effect, Celsus asked the Christians why they had severed themselves religiously from the Jews if, indeed, they claimed continuity with Judaism, and why they had severed themselves socially from the pagans, inasmuch as they were predominantly of pagan origin. On the other hand, Origen's dilemma was that the only way that
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Самарџић, Глигор. "О РОМАНИЗАЦИЈИ СТАНОВНИШТВА НА ЈУГУ ПРОВИНЦИЈЕ ДАЛМАЦИЈЕ НА ОСНОВУ ИСТОРИЈСКИХ ИЗВОРА (Примјери из источне Херцеговине)". TEME, 14 квітня 2020, 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/teme180307015s.

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The paper presents data on the politics of romanization of the population in the south of the province of Dalmatia (east Herzegovina) using historical sources. After the Roman invasion of Illyria and the introduction of education to the province of Dalmatia at the beginning of the 1st century AD, the Romans built a system of fortresses on important strategic points, followed by road construction, settlement construction, populating the area with veterans and the Italic people, giving civil rights and establishing a tradition of worshipping Roman gods. This was the time of not just territorial,
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Lluch, Alberto. "The cradle of Western medicine." Nowa Medycyna 25, no. 4 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.25121/nm.2018.25.4.216.

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The origins of Western Medicine can be found through the Greeks and the Romans, originally with Mythological figures represented by the god Asclepius, and later by Greek doctors such as Hippocrates and Galen. Roman medicine was highly influenced by the Greek medical tradition, relying more on naturalistic observations rather than on spiritual rituals. The writings of Galen survived more than other medical scriptures in antiquity. His theories dominated and influenced Western medical science for more than 1,300 years. This acceptance led to the spread of Greek medical theories throughout the Ro
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Vera, Alfonso. "Economic Effects Of The Philosophical Concept Of Community." REVISTA PROCESOS DE MERCADO, January 30, 2021, 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52195/pm.v17i2.108.

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Introductory textbooks in the History of Economic Thought in use at colleges and universities devote little space to Scholasticism and its influence. Even those that do not start straight with the Physiocrats, Thomas Aquinas appears stuck between Ancient Greek Philosophers and Thomas Mun. Scholasticism with “medieval” economic thought characterized as primitive and focused on “obsolete” issues like usury and just price. Sometimes it is even categorized among the schools that promote State intervention1. This was not the opinion of F.A. Hayek, who appreciated some Scholastic authors as part of
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"Andrzej Michałowski, Milena Teska, Formation of the younger Pre-Roman Iron Age cultural model in Wielkopolska." PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 5, no. 2 (2017): 75–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v5i2_3.

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The start of the younger Pre-Roman Iron Age was the time of a transformation of the communities residing in this region into a new civilizational quality that was radically different from the quality of the preceding period. In the interior of the continent, a certain “Celt fashion” could be noticed, which was manifested in adaptation of patterns of both material culture and, most likely, elements of Celtic rites. Its course appears to be the key to the understanding of the transformations taking place in Wielkopolska at the turn of the 2nd century B.C. In older literature, the origins of the
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