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1
Brodo, Irwin M., and Teuvo Ahti. "Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada. 2. The Cladoniaceae." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 7 (July 1, 1996): 1147–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-139.
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The Queen Charlotte Islands, off the west coast of British Columbia and with a hypermoist, oceanic climate, has 44 taxa in the Cladoniaceae: 5 species and 1 forma of Cladina, and 34 species with 3 additional subspecies and 1 variety of Cladonia. Two species and one subspecies are described as new to science: Cladonia albonigra Brodo & Ahti, Cladonia schofieldii Ahti & Brodo, and Cladonia ecmocyna Leight. ssp. occidentalis Ahti. In addition, one new combination is made: Cladonia novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti. Cladonia homosekekaica Nuno, although not part of the Queen Charlotte flora, is also described and discussed. Chemical variation in the Cladoniaceae is examined critically, and many taxa formerly recognized at the species or infraspecific levels are reduced to unnamed chemotypes. The following synonymies were made or confirmed: Cladina aberrans (Abbayes) Hale & W.L. Culb. =Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo; Cladonia squamosa var. subsquamosa (Nyl. ex Leight.) Vain. =Cladonia squamosa Hoffm.; Cladonia pseudostellata Asahina =Cladonia uncialis (L.) F.H. Wigg.; Cladonia japonica Vain. =Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flot.; Cladonia pseudorangiformis Asahina =Cladonia wainioi Saviez. A thamnolic acid chemotype of Cladonia bellidiflora (Ach.) Schaer. and a thamnolic and usnic acid containing chemotype of Cladonia umbricola Tønsberg & Ahti are common on the Charlottes. Cladonia singularis S. Hammer is reported as new to Canada based on a specimen from Vancouver Island. Cladonia macroptera Räsänen, Cladonia polydactyla (Flörke) Spreng., Cladonia pseudomacilenta Asahina, and Cladonia subsubulata Nyl. are excluded from the North American flora. Cladonia kanewskii Oksner is reported as new to Norway and Europe. Keywords: Cladina, Cladonia, Cladoniaceae, British Columbia.
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Rapai, Sean B., Duncan McColl, and Richard Troy McMullin. "Examining the role of terrestrial lichen transplants in restoring woodland caribou winter habitat." Forestry Chronicle 93, no. 03 (October 2017): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2017-029.
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The development of habitat restoration techniques for restoring critical woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) winter habitat will play an important role in meeting the management thresholds in woodland caribou recovery plans. The goal is to restore disturbed environments within critical winter habitat for the declining woodland caribou. Woodland caribou are diet specialists, utilizing lichen-rich habitat for forage during winter months. Cladonia sub-genus Cladina is the most frequently eaten species during this time. Herein, we provide: 1) A review of previously used methods for transplanting Cladonia sub-genus Cladina and their feasibility in restoring woodland caribou winter habitat; 2) A stepby- step protocol on how to carry out a terrestrial lichen transplant program (using Cladonia sub-genus Cladina and C. uncialis); and, 3) An evaluation of our protocol through the establishment of a case study in northern British Columbia. Our results indicate that transplanting C. sub-genus Cladina fragments is the most efficient technique for transplanting terrestrial lichen communities, but transplanting lichen ‘patches’ or ‘mats’ may also be effective.
3
Matwiejuk, Anna. "Water content in terricolous lichens." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 69, no. 1 (2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2000.007.
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Investigations of the 24-hour absorption and evaporation in <em>Cetraria ericetorum</em>, <em>Cetraria islandica</em>, <em>Cladina mitis</em>, <em>Cladina rangiferina</em>, <em>Cladonia furcata</em>, <em>Cladonia phyllophora</em> were carrided out. A high correlation was found between these processes and weather conditions and especially 24-hour changes in relative air humidity and changes in temperature. These processes are correlated independently of the season of the year.
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Stenroos, Soili, Raquel Pino-Bodas, Diana Weckman, and Teuvo Ahti. "Phylogeny of Cladonia uncialis (Cladoniaceae, Lecanoromycetes) and its allies." Lichenologist 47, no. 4 (July 2015): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282915000183.
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AbstractThe species from Cladonia section Unciales are characterized by the absence of squamules and soredia on the corticate podetia and the presence of usnic acid. Different subspecies, varieties and forms have been distinguished in the type species C. uncialis. In this study, a molecular phylogeny of Cladonia uncialis and members of the traditionally recognized section Unciales, along with additional potentially allied species, was constructed. DNA sequences from three gene loci, namely ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA and ß-tubulin, were analyzed using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian methods. Eleven species were analyzed for the first time using DNA sequence data. Cladonia uncialis subsp. uncialis and subsp. biuncialis were recognized as distinct taxa. The recognition of C. pseudostellata as a species was not supported by the analyses, but it represents a hypothamnolic acid chemotype, which is reported here as new to Europe (Scotland). The presence of subsp. biuncialis in North America (Newfoundland) was substantiated. The subsp. uncialis usually lacks squamatic acid, but in the eastern United States a morph referred to as subsp. uncialis does normally contain that acid. However, this morph did not attain taxonomic recognition based on phylogenetic analyses. All the other taxa formerly included in sect. Unciales turned out to belong to other groups of Cladonia, mainly Amaurocraeae, Borya, Divaricatae, and Perviae. The formerly recognized genus Cladina (reindeer lichens) is non-monophyletic, consisting of three groups within Cladonia, making the concept Cladina even nomenclaturally useless. Alternative topology tests rejected the monophyly of C. pseudostellata, section Unciales and Cladina.
5
Ruoss, E., and T. Ahti. "Systematics of Some Reindeer Lichens (Cladonia Subg. Cladina) in the Southern Hemisphere." Lichenologist 21, no. 1 (January 1989): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282989000058.
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AbstractCladonia arbuscula subsp. squarrosa (Wallr.) Ruoss and C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss are reported for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere. Populations of C. arbuscula in New Zealand and Australia are recognized as subsp. stictica Ruoss, subsp. nov., usually containing stictic acid, norstictic acid (first report in subg. Cladina), and sometimes also the fumarprotocetraric acid complex. C. laevigata (Vainio) Gyelnik is reinstated in Cladonia subg. Cladina sect. Tenues, while C. stygia is considered to belong to sect. Crustaceae rather than to sect. Tenues. C. confusa R. Sant. is morphologically highly variable, although chemically uniform, usually containing usnic acid and perlatolic acid. An usnic acid-deficient chemodeme is reported as new to New Zealand.
6
Johnson, Chris J., Katherine L. Parker, and Douglas C. Heard. "Feeding site selection by woodland caribou in north-central British Columbia." Rangifer 20, no. 5 (April 1, 2000): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.20.5.1642.
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We examined the foraging habits of the northern woodland caribou ecotype {Rangifer tarandus caribou) at the scale of the individual feeding site. Field data were collected in north-central British Columbia over two winters (Dec 1996-Apr 1998). We trailed caribou and measured vegetation characteristics (species composition and percent cover), snow conditions (depth, density, and hardness), and canopy closure at terrestrial and arboreal feeding sites, and at random sites where feeding had not occurred. Logistic regression was used to determine the attributes of feeding sites that were important to predicting fine scale habitat selection in forested and alpine areas. In the forest, caribou selected feeding sites that had a greater percent cover of Cladina mitis and Cladonia spp, lower snow depths, and a lower percentage of debris and moss. Biomass of Bryoria spp. at the 1-2 m stratum above the snow significantly contributed to predicting what trees caribou chose as arboreal feeding sites. In the alpine, caribou selected feeding sites with a greater percent cover of Cladina mitis, Cladina rangiferina, Cetraria cucullata, Cetraria nivalis, Thamnolia spp., and Stereocaulon alpinum as well as lower snow depths.
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Nascimento, Silene C., Eugênia C. Pereira, Antonio Fernando M. Oliveira, Nicácio Henrique da Silva, Michele Boitard, and Hélène Beriel. "Screening de atividade citotóxica de extratos liquênicos: cladoniaceae." Acta Botanica Brasilica 8, no. 1 (July 1994): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33061994000100010.
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Extratos etéreos, acetônicos , metanólicos e aquosos de Cladonia substellata, C. crispatula e Cladina dendroides ocorrentes em solos arenosos de tabuleiros (cerrado) no Estado da Paraíba (Brasil), foram testados contra células PC3 e MDA-MB231 obtidas de adenocarcinoma prostático e mamário (humanos), bem como células P388 e L1210 provinientes de leucemia murina. Os resultados demonstraram uma maior eficácia dos extratos de C. substellata frente às quatro células testadas. Esta espécie e a Cladina dendroides, exceto seu extrato metanólico, apresentaram IC50 inferiores a 50(µg/ml, o que indica atividade satisfatória. Os extratos de C. crispatula não exerceram inibição relevante frente às células estudadas. Testes cromatográficos revelaram, em maior quantidade, a presença dos ácidos úsnico e estítico em C. substellata; ácido tamnólico em C. crispatula; atranorina e os ácidos protocetrárico e fumarprotocetrárico em C. dendroides, o que se supõe ser o princípio ativo dessas espécies.
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Thomas, D. C., S. J. Barry, and G. Alaie. "Fire - caribou - winter range relationships in northern Canada." Rangifer 16, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.16.2.1198.
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We needed data on temporal changes in caribou forages after fire and relative use of age-classes of forests by caribou to help devise a fire suppression priority strategy for caribou winter range in north-central Canada. Consequently, from 1983 through 1986, we estimated the abundance of vegetation and relative use by caribou at 197 sites in western and eastern study areas on the winter range of the Beverly herd of caribou {Rangifer tarandus). Species of lichens attained peak biomass at different periods after fire - as early as 40-60 years for Cladonia spp. to > 150 years for Cladina rangiferina and Cetraria nivalis. Biomass of the primary "caribou lichen", Cladina mitis, increased rapidly from 21-30 years after fire to 41-50 years and attained maximum biomass at 81-90 yeats in the west and 41-60 years in the east. However, total lichen biomass increased with age of forest to 100-150 years because biomass of Stereocaulon spp. did not peak until after 100 years. The biomass of "caribou lichens" {Cladina spp. and Cetraria nivalis) stabilized after 61-80 years in the west and 41-60 years in the east. The biomass of terrestrial lichen species can be predicted from their cover. Caribou lichen abundance apparently was only one of several factors that caused caribou to use stands 151-250 years after fire more than othet age classes.
9
Shelukheeva, M. G., and I. G. Nikolaeva. "Amino Acids from Lichens of the Genera Cladina and Cladonia." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 51, no. 2 (March 2015): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-015-1297-5.
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McMullin, Richard Troy, and Sean Rapai. "A review of reindeer lichen (Cladonia subgenus Cladina) linear growth rates." Rangifer 40, no. 1 (August 12, 2020): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.40.1.4636.
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Cladonia subgenus Cladina (the reindeer lichens) can be a dominant part of terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. They are particularly abundant in arctic-alpine and boreal regions, where they are a primary food source for woodland caribou/reindeer in winter months. Determining the growth rates of reindeer lichen is important for understanding and managing lichen regeneration following disturbances such as timber harvesting, mining, grazing, and wildfire. Regeneration and rehabilitation rates can be calculated with greater accuracy when growth rates are well understood. We provide a summary of 17 studies from 6 countries that determined the linear growth rates of three reindeer lichen groups, Cladonia arbuscula/mitis (mean = 4.7 mm/yr.), C. rangiferina/ C. stygia (mean = 5.1 mm/yr.), and C. stellaris (mean = 4.8 mm/yr.). We use linear growth rates as a proxy for over-all growth and biomass. Variables found to influence lichen growth rates are also discussed, which include light, moisture, temperature, air pollution, acid rain, precipitation, snow accumulation, substrate, age of individuals, and type of disturbance. These results can assist land managers in developing more accurate strategies for restoring lichens in disturbed areas.
11
Eriksson, Olof, and Tuomo Raunistola. "Impact of forest fertilizers on winter pastures of semi-domesticated reindeer." Rangifer 13, no. 5 (December 1, 1993): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.13.4.1116.
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The effects of forest fertilizers on Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Cladina arbusculua, Cladina rangiferina and Cladina stellaris were studied during an eleven-year experimental period in Vasterbotten, Sweden. The study site was situated in the boreal region and was part of a 130 years old Pinus sylvestris stand. The forest type is mainly the dry dwarf-shrub type. Thirty-two demarcated plots (20 m x 20 m) were grouped into eight blocks, each containing four plots. In 1979 and 1985 fertilizations with ammonium nitrate equiavalent to 150 kg N/ha, with ammonium nitrate equiavalent to 250 kg N/ha and with urea equiavalent to 150 kg N/ha were carried out. Field sampling wad done in late July 1979, 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988 and 1990. Main parameters studied were coverage, height and standing crop. Effects were visible already after one growing season. All treatments had a positive effect on the growth of C. vulgaris and V. vitis-idaea. Doses around or over 150 kg N/ha, gave a clearly negative effect (range 23% - 73%) on the standing crop of Cladina spp. for a period of time exceeding eleven years compared to the control standing crop.
12
Hammer, Samuel. "Branching Dynamics in Cladina subtenuis." Mycologia 89, no. 3 (May 1997): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3761039.
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Hammer, Samuel. "Branching dynamics in Cladina subtenuis." Mycologia 89, no. 3 (May 1997): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1997.12026804.
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Trembley, Marcella L., Dianne Fahselt, and Susan Madzia. "Localization of Uranium in Cladina rangiferina and Cladina mitis and Removal by Aqueous Washing." Bryologist 100, no. 3 (1997): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3244507.
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Trembley, Marcella L., Dianne Fahselt, and Susan Madzia. "Localization of Uranium in Cladina rangiferina and Cladina mitis and Removal by Aqueous Washing." Bryologist 100, no. 3 (1997): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(1997)100[368:louicr]2.0.co;2.
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Crête, Michel, Claude Morneau, and René Nault. "Biomasse et espèces de lichens terrestres disponibles pour le caribou dans le nord du Québec." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 2047–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-268.
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Following a two-stage sampling plan, 44 1-km2 primary units were systematically allocated between 53 and 59 ° latitude throughout northern Québec to estimate the biomass of terrestrial lichens. Lichens were collected in two secondary units (0.25 m2) located in parts of each primary unit where lichens were visible from a helicopter (lichen stratum). Overall, the lichen stratum covered 51% of the study area and lichen biomass averaged 1223 kg/ha (dry weight; SE = 201; n = 44). Almost 85% of the variance of this mean was attributable to variability between primary units. The biomass in the west was greater than in the east; it was the highest in the [Formula: see text]700-mm precipitation zone and the lowest in the 500- to 599-mm zone. Data on percent plant cover indicated mat mosses increased in importance over lichens in the east. There was a clear relationship between lichen biomass in secondary units on one hand and mat thickness and percent lichen ground cover on the other. Cladinia stellaris (Opiz) Brodo was the most common species; Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) Mass. and Cornicularia divergens Ach. were typical of the north, whereas Cladina mitis (Sandst.) Hustich characterized the south of the study area. The annual consumption of lichens by caribou was probably 0.5-0.9% of the available biomass in 1987. Key words: biomass, caribou, Cladina, lichens, Quebec.
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Swanson, J. D., and M. H. W. Barker. "Assessment of Alaska reindeer populations and range conditions." Rangifer 12, no. 1 (October 1, 1992): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.12.1.1023.
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Populations of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) have fluctated greatly since their introduction to Alaska in 1891. In the 1930s, reported numbers exceeded 600 000. Presently, 38 000 reindeer graze 6.2 million ha of rangeland and woodland in Western Alaska (from 66°54'N to 52°07'N latitude). Condition of winter range producing fruticose lichens (Cladina rangiferina, Cladina arbuscula, Cladina stellaris, Cetraria cucullata, Cetraria islandica) is of major concern. Monitoring programs have been established for vegetation, fire, reindeer and wildlife. Reindeer have overgrazed lichen resources on some Bering Sea Islands. Wildfires have had the greatest impact on lichen range depletion on the mainland. Overgrazing has been a problem in localized areas. Moose (Alces alces) and muskox (Ovibos moschatus) rarely contribute to major lichen depletion. 60-80% of the mainland and 5-30% of most island winter lichen ranges are presently estimated to be in good to excellent ecological condition. Procedures for assessing condition of the lichen ranges are being further refined.
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Strong, W. L. "Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea type communities of western Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-147.
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Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia/Ledum groenlandicum Oeder) relevés were classified and characterized based on data from archival sources (n = 428). Eleven forest communities were recognized and were distinguished by the relative dominance of Sphagnum, Cladina and Cladonia, Lycopodium, Vaccinium species, or feathermosses. Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP was the common secondary successional species. Most paired-community comparisons were nonoverlapping in ordination space, although intermingling sometimes occurred along interfaces. Lodgepole pine/Labrador tea stands occurred on upland sites within the borealcordilleran ecoclimatic transition zone along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains from southwestern Alberta to the southern Yukon Territory. Nine communities had mesic to subhygric moisture and submesotrophic to mesotrophic nutrient regimes. The exceptions were a Pinus contorta/Ledum groenlandicum/Sphagnum (wetter sites) and a Pinus contorta/Ledum groenlandicum/Cladina mitis (drier sites) community. An inverse correlation occurred between latitudinal location and elevation of occurrence (r = 0.56, P < 0.001, n = 403) with a northward decline of 65 m/100 km. The concept of a "type community" is proposed for formally documenting the composition of plant communities and optimizing the comparability of different types. Eight of the recognized communities fulfilled the proposed criteria for a type community and two were considered provisional types.Key words: vegetation classification, Pinus contorta, Ledum groenlandicum, type community.
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Scott, Martha G., Thomas C. Hutchinson, and Marilyn J. Feth. "Contrasting responses of lichens and Vaccinium angustifolium to long-term acidification of a boreal forest ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-079.
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Over a 5-year period, we investigated the effects of simulated acidic precipitation on boreal forest understory species. Percent cover, net photosynthetic rate, and growth of three species of subarctic lichens were evaluated. Throughout the growing season, Cladina stellaris, Cladina rangiferina, and Cladina mitis, along with the associated vascular perennial, Vaccinium angustifolium, received twice-monthly sprays of artificial rain adjusted to pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.5, 3.0, or 2.5 using a 2:1 ratio of sulfuric to nitric acids. Changes in percent cover of the flora in permanent plots were measured annually during treatment years and then for a 6th year to monitor postspray recovery. Following 5 years of spraying, combined cover values for the three lichen species had decreased by up to 27% in plots sprayed with rain of less than pH 4.0, while percent cover of V. angustifolium had increased by 55 %. Although losses in net photosynthesis of 65% occurred for lichens receiving rains of pH 2.5, differences were not significant and data were highly variable. However, increasing acidity of the sprays significantly suppressed mean podetial height and dry weight of C. stellaris and C. mitis. The effect on these lichens of shading by the potential competitor V. angustifolium was investigated in a companion study, and it was concluded that the growth suppression of C. stellaris was most likely related to rainfall acidity and not to light attenuation. Cladina mitis was more sensitive to low light levels. Although adversely affected by rain of pH 2.5, C. rangiferina showed stimulation of a number of growth parameters in plots sprayed with rain of pH 3.0. It was concluded that responses of boreal understory species are variable and complex, and that several species (i.e., C. rangiferina and V. angustifolium) are tolerant of rainfall of less than pH 3.5.
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González, Antonio G., Jaime Bermejo Barrera, Elsa Ma Rodríguez Pérez, and Consuelo E. Hernández Padrón. "Chemical Constituents of the Lichen Cladina macaronesica." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1991): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-1-203.
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Column chromatography of the acetone extract of the lichen Cladina macaronesica (Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and silver nitrate-im pregnated silica gel) afforded eight triterpenes identified by chemical and spectral m eans. α-Amyrenone, lupenone, taraxerol, taraxerone and /so-arborinol acetate were isolated for the first time from lichens and (-)-usnic acid and five mononuclear phenolic compounds were also obtained, four for the first time as natural products. The possible transformation of perlatolic acid into these phenolic compounds is briefly outlined.
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Steijlen, Ingeborg, Marie-Charlotte Nilsson, and Olle Zackrisson. "Seed regeneration of Scots pine in boreal forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1995): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-079.
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Six old-growth, late postfire Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) dominated forest stands of the Vaccinium–Cladina type were selected along a latitudinal gradient in northern Sweden. In two of the stands, Scots pine seedlings that had naturally regenerated during the last 40 years were surveyed in relation to field- and bottom-layer vegetation. The most abundant forest floor species, viz. Cladina spp., occupied 41% of the ground cover and dominated the microhabitat of Scots pine seedlings <10 years old. The second most common species, Pleuroziumschreberi (Bird.) Mitt., which occupied 10 and 20% of the ground cover at the two sites, was, in contrast, only found to cover less than 3% of the microhabitat of the seedlings < 10 years old. With increasing age of seedlings (>10 years), however, the cover of Cladina spp. significantly decreased and the cover of P. schreberi and various ericaceous species slightly increased. Thus Scots pine seedlings initially establish in lichen-dominated vegetation but as they develop P. schreberi and ericaceous species gradually become more abundant in the ground vegetation. The relationships between natural establishment patterns and microhabitat were further empirically tested by sowing seeds of Scots pine in patches of Cladina spp. and patches of P. schreberi. Seeding was performed in six sites during 3 consecutive years. A significant higher number of established Scots pine seedlings were found in Cladina spp. vegetation than in P. schreberi dominated vegetation, and Scots pine seedlings in P. schreberi experienced a significantly higher mortality. Laboratory studies indicated a negative chemical influence by P. schreberi on Scots pine seed germination but not on radicle growth of pregerminated seeds. The negative influence of P. schreberi on Scots pine seed germination and seedling survival in the field experiments is interpreted as an effect of moisture factors, chemical interference, and barriers of nutrient availability. Age structures of naturally established Scots pine showed evidence of continuous regeneration over the last 40 years. The study emphasizes the importance of biotically mediated regeneration patterns in explaining spatial stand structure and temporal dynamics in northern boreal Scots pine forest ecosystems during prolonged absence of fire. Tree regeneration tends not to be associated with mesoscale characteristics such as gaps and tip-up mounds, but rather with microhabitat conditions. The results have implications for predicting the effect of climatic warming.
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Ravera, S., D. Isocrono, J. Nascimbene, P. Giordani, R. Benesperi, M. Tretiach, and C. Montagnani. "Assessment of the conservation status of the mat-forming lichens Cladonia subgenus Cladina in Italy." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 150, no. 5 (January 13, 2015): 1010–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.1000422.
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Zhurbenko, Mikhail, and Teuvo Ahti. "Contribution to the study of the lichen genera Cladina and Cladonia in the Russian Arctic, mainly from Taimyr Peninsula and Severnaya Zemlya." Nova Hedwigia 81, no. 1-2 (August 1, 2005): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2005/0081-0079.
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Coxson, Darwyn S., and Janet Marsh. "Lichen chronosequences (postfire and postharvest) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of northern interior British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 12 (December 1, 2001): 1449–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-127.
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Lichen community development was examined in a postfire chronosequence from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud var. latifolia Engelm.) forests in the Omineca region of north-central British Columbia and in stands originating from logging in the early 1980s. Fire-origin stands showed dense regeneration of pine and widespread growth of acrocarpous mosses such as Polytrichum spp. As canopy thinning progressed, Cladonia spp. lichens initiated development at the forest floor surface. By 50100 years after stand origin, Cladina mitis and Cladina rangiferina dominated at the forest floor surface, remaining at high cover values well into the second century of stand development. Late seral stages of stand development (approximately 150+ years) showed increasing basal area and canopy cover of lodgepole pine, with feathermoss mats (e.g., Pleurozium schreberi) replacing terrestrial lichens at the forest floor surface. Stand ordinations confirmed these groupings of species. Stand structural factors that correlate best with lichen mat development include tree density, basal area, and canopy cover. Changes in the leaf area index and associated litterfall loading appear to precipitate the replacement of terrestrial lichen mats in "old-growth" stands. Interestingly, this trend was reversed in mature stands where winter harvesting of trees removed canopy cover without disturbing the forest floor surface. Lichen cover in these sites, 15 years after harvest, exceeded that of comparably aged fire-origin stands. Summer harvesting (with a presumed greater disturbance of soils) did not trigger a similar rebound of lichen communities. Instead, vascular plants appeared to invade these sites, following a seral sequence different from that occurring in fire-origin stands.Key words: terrestrial lichens, pine woodlands, caribou habitat.
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Folkeson, Lennart, and Ewa Andersson-Bringmark. "Impoverishment of vegetation in a coniferous forest polluted by copper and zinc." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-067.
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Copper and Zn concentrations in raw humus were elevated > 400 and > 80 times, respectively, near an old and a new foundry emitting Cu and Zn but virtually no SO2. Effects on the vegetation were most evident in the ground layer. Four response stages were recognized. (i) Common mosses of mature coniferous forest (Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Dicranum polysetum) began to decrease in cover where the Cu and Zn levels in the tissues were 3–5 and 2 times those measured at remote sites, respectively, (ii) Lichens typical of mature dry forest communities (Cladonia subgen. Cladina and C. uncialis) were reduced in cover. (iii) Pioneers typical of successional communities (especially Cladonia subgen. Cladonia) increased slightly in cover, while tolerant mosses retained their cover, (iv) Even the tolerant mosses and lichens disappeared, except for Pohlia nutans. The occurrence of epiphytic lichens decreased. Hypogymnia physodes suffered a reduction in cover and thallus size. The grass Deschampsia flexuosa tended to increase somewhat towards the foundries, but the other field-layer species were unaffected. However, much dead Deschampsia flexuosa has been observed recently close to the new foundry. Environmental variables modified the response of the vegetation to the pollution. Deterioration of the ground layer makes the polluted, thin soil prone to erosion.
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Nieminen, Mauri, and Ulla Heiskari. "Diets of freely grazing and captive reindeer during summer and winter." Rangifer 9, no. 1 (June 1, 1989): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.9.1.771.
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<p>The chemical composition and nutritive value of different forage plants and commercial feeds of reindeer were studied by standard methods in the Finnish reindeer herding area during 1980-86. The nutritive values, particularly the protein and mineral contents, of ground lichens (Cladina spp.) and arboreal lichens (Alectoria spp.) were very low compared to forest wiregrass (Deschampsia flexuosa), summer forage plants and commercial feeds. The crude protein and mineral content of reindeer summer food was very high. The energy content of lichens and commercial feeds was high and they are an important source of energy for reindeer in winter.</p><p>Vapaasti laiduntavien ja tarhaporojen ravinto kesa 11a ja talvella.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Poron ravintokasvien ja kaupallisten rehujen kemiallista koostumusta ja ravintoarvoja tutkittiin vakiomenetelmin Suomen poronhoitoalueella vuosina 1980-86. Poronjakalien {Cladina spp.) ja luppojen {Alectoria spp.) ravintoarvot ja valkuais- ja kivennaisainepitoisuudet olivat hyvin alhaiset verrattuna metsalauhaan {Deschampsia flexuosa), kesaravintokasveihin ja kaupallisiin rehuihin. Poronjakalien ja kaupallisten rehujen energiapitoisuus oli kuitenkin korkea ja niista poro saa nopeasti tarvitsemaansa energiaa talvella.</p><p>Fritt betande och inhagnade renars matsedel under sommar och vinter i Finland.</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Man har undersokt den kemiska sammansattningen och naringsvardet av olika foderplanter och kommerciella fodermedel under åren 1980-86. Naringsvardet, sarskilt innhållet av protein i renlavar {Cladina spp.) och tradlavar (Alectoria spp.) var mycket lågt sammanliknat med smyla (Deschampsia flexuosa), sommarbetesplanter och kommerciella fodermedel. Råprotein och mineralinnehåll i renenes som-marbetes-foder var mycket hogt. Energiinnehållet av lavar och kommerciella fodermedel var ho gt och dessa år viktiga energikallor for renen i vintern.</p>
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Simon, Neal P. P., and Francis E. Schwab. "Plant Community Structure After Wildfire in the Subarctic Forests of Western Labrador." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.4.229.
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Abstract We compared western Labrador (Canada) plant communities on 12 10-ha plots representing five forest ages (2, 18, 40, 80, and 140 years) on subhygric sites and two 140-year-old sites on an atypical, moist, well-drained soil. Species richness was less variable and lower on the 80-year-old sites, and conifers did not dominate a site until 40 to 80 years after a disturbance. Herbs were dominant on 2- and 18-year-old sites, whereas woody shrubs were common across all successional stages. Cladina spp. were most abundant on our 40-year-old sites but were replaced by pleurocarpous mosses on our ≥80-year-old sites. Our results are consistent with others who found a delay in conifer establishment that may have resulted from poor seed beds due to the accumulation of unburned duff and inhibitory chemicals from Cladina spp. If these factors are inhibiting conifer establishment, this may conflict with the objectives of forest managers considering emulating natural disturbance in forest operations.North. J. Appl. For. 22(4):229–235.
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Bačkor, Martin, Evelin Ramóna Péli, and Ivana Vantová. "Copper tolerance in the macrolichens Cladonia furcata and Cladina arbuscula subsp. mitis is constitutive rather than inducible." Chemosphere 85, no. 1 (September 2011): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.035.
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Hammer, Samuel. "Vegetative Establishment and Expansion By the Mycobiont of Cladina Subtenuis." Lichenologist 29, no. 04 (July 1997): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428299700042x.
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Grace, B., T. J. Gillespie, and K. J. Puckett. "Uptake of gaseous sulphur dioxide by the lichen Cladina rangiferina." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 797–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-102.
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Samples of the lichen Cladina rangiferina were exposed to various concentrations of sulphur dioxide in a fumigation cuvette system for time periods ranging from 1 to 18 h. The cuvette system provided airstreams which, within the limits of measurement, had identical flow rates, temperatures, and relative humidities. Sulphur dioxide was added to one airstream as a treatment, while the other remained free of sulphur dioxide for control purposes. In some experiments, wind speed could be varied from 8 to 250 cm∙s−1 in a small wind tunnel placed in the fumigation cuvette. The system allowed for the calculation of sulphur dioxide uptake by the lichen sample. Potassium release was shown to increase with an increasing uptake of sulphur dioxide (time-integrated flux), but was not uniquely related to sulphur dioxide concentration alone. Extrapolation of a linear transformation of the potassium release curve to zero potassium efflux resulted in a threshold uptake value of 240 μg SO2∙g lichen−1. Internal lichen resistance and lichen boundary-layer resistance were experimentally determined for later use in an electrical analog model for the calculation of sulphur dioxide uptake.
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Gaare, Eldar. "Does grazing influence growth of the reindeer lichen Cladina mitis?" Rangifer 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.674.
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Hammer, Samuel. "Vegetative Establishment and Expansion By the Mycobiont of Cladina Subtenuis." Lichenologist 29, no. 4 (July 1997): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0093.
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AbstractCladina subtenuis establishes and expands by mechanisms of the thallus mycobiont. Vegetative reproduction occurs through thallus fragmentation, branch ‘ de-differentiation ’, and the extension of the underground prothallus. Establishment hyphae can be considered as any hyphae that provide the mechanism for these modes of clonal thallus extension. They may originate in various parts of the thallus, laterally on branch surfaces, at the growing tips of branches, or from the inner fungal layers of the podetium. The thallus of C. subtenuis is structurally and functionally plastic. Parts of the photosynthetic lichen thallus can transform into nonphotosynthetic fungal aggregations, and non-photosynthetic aggregations may re-establish as a photosynthetic lichen thallus. These activities expand the area occupied by the clone, and potentially increase its photosynthetic surface.
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Gaare, Eldar. "The Chernobyl accident: Can lichens be used to characterize a radiocesium contaminated range?" Rangifer 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.7.2.716.
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<p>Many of the lichen species that are important in the lichen dominated plant communities in the Norwegian mountains are important reindeer winter forage. They are also organisms that collect fall-out from the atmosphere. The Chernobyl accident brought, among other, radioactive Cesium, and from lichens this follow the food chain to reindeer and finally man. From region to region this fall-out was unevenly distributed and methods are needed to compare winter ranges and to monitor the developement of radioactive levels in the lichen carpet. Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis, Cladina mitis, C. stellaris and Stereocaulon pa¬schale was collected in the Dovre mountains to compare species levels and to study collection methods. We found that from spot to spot there is a very large variation between samples, even within the same species. Because of this we are not able to show significant species differences. We found, however, that species from more or less snow free ridgetops, Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis and Cladina mitis showed less variation and thus must be recommended as the best species for monitoring and comparison of ranges.</p><p>Tsjernobyl-ulykken: Kan lav nyttes til karakterisering av et radioaktivt forurenset reinbeite?</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Mange av de lavarter som er viktige i lavdominerte plantesamfunn i de norske fjell er viktige som vinterfor for rein. Disse organismer samler også nedfall fra atmosfæren. Ulykken i Tsjernobyl brakte, blant annet, radioaktivt cesium, og fra lav følger dette næringskjeden til rein og endelig mennesket. Fra område til område var dette nedfallet ujevnt fordelt, og det kreves metoder for å sammenligne vinterområder og for å overvåke utviklingen av det radioaktive nivå i lavmattene. Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis, Cladina mitis, C. stellaris og Stereocaulon paschale ble samlet på Dovrefjell for å sammenligne artsnivåene og for å studere innsamlings-prosedyrer. Vi fant at det fra sted til sted var en svært stor variasjon, til og med innen samme art. På grunn av dette var vi ikke i stand til å vise statistisk sikre forskjeller mellom artene. Men vi fant at arter fra mer eller mindre snøfrie rabbetopper, Cornicularia divergens, Alectoria ochroleuca, Cetraria nivalis og Cladina mitis viste mindre variasjon og derfor må anbefales som de beste arter for overvåkning og sammenligning av områder.</p>
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SCOTT, MARTHA G., and THOMAS C. HUTCHINSON. "EFFECTS OF A SIMULATED ACID RAIN EPISODE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RECOVERY IN THE CARIBOU-FORAGE LICHENS, CLADINA STELLARIS (OPIZ.) BRODO AND CLADINA RANGIFERINA (L.) WIGG." New Phytologist 107, no. 3 (November 1987): 567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb02927.x.
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Roy-Arcand, Line, Claude E. Delisle, and François G. Brière. "Effects of simulated acid precipitation on the metabolic activity of Cladina stellaris." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-228.
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Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo specimens, collected from Kuujjuarapik, Quebec (55°29′N, 77°07′W), were kept for 8 weeks in growth chambers and sprayed every day with simulated acid-rain solutions to study the effects of rain pH and sulfate to nitrate ratios on the lichen. The acidity of the solution was adjusted to obtain pHs of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0, and the sulfate to nitrate ratios studied were 2:1 and 6:1 μequiv.∙L−1. Metabolic responses of the lichens to the acidification treatments were assessed by measurements of the number of algal cells, the amount of chlorophyll a, and the basal and resaturation respiration rates. At pHs of 2 and 3, the metabolic activity of young podetial tips of C. stellaris was significantly reduced, whereas the treatments at pH 4 and 5 enhanced growth. Alteration of the sulfate to nitrate ratios in the precipitation did not produce any significant differences in the measured metabolic activity. Cladina stellaris responses to the quantity and quality of acidification are summarized in a set of regression models that emphasize a threshold response to acid precipitation near 3.5; below pH 3.5, metabolism is impaired, whereas above pH 3.5; some metabolic responses are enhanced.
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McNeill, E. P., I. D. Thompson, P. A. Wiebe, G. M. Street, J. Shuter, A. R. Rodgers, and J. M. Fryxell. "Multi-scale foraging decisions made by woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in summer." Canadian Journal of Zoology 98, no. 5 (May 2020): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2019-0197.
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Multi-scale selection patterns can be understood from two perspectives: coarse-scale patterns as the summation of fine-scale patterns (scaling-up), or as a hierarchy produced from multiple contributory factors with differential effects on organismal fitness (hierarchical). We examined woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou (Gmelin, 1788)) selection of foraging locations across two spatiotemporal scales to test whether selection patterns between them were consistent (scaling-up) or different (hierarchical) to determine which framework most accurately describes their foraging behaviour. Seven adult female woodland caribou were equipped with GPS telemetry radio collars outfitted with high-definition video cameras that recorded woodland caribou foraging choices throughout the summer. Fine-scale data from videos combined with direct measurements in the field along movement trajectories obtained from GPS fixes were used to estimate (i) feeding station selection and (ii) food patch selection. We estimated resource selection functions for each scale following a use–availability structure. Woodland caribou exhibited resource selection at both scales. Apart from selection for species of the lichen Cladina (Nyl.) Nyl. and patches associated with high abundance of Cladina, few patterns were consistent across both scales. Our study suggests that even at very fine scales, woodland caribou selection for foraging locations is hierarchical in nature.
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Mandre, Malle, Mari Tilk, and Priit Kõresaar. "Chemical characteristics of soils in Scots pine forests of Cladina and Vaccinium vitis-idaea site types on coastal dunes of Baltic Sea." Forestry Studies / Metsanduslikud Uurimused 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10132-011-0058-x.
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Chemical characteristics of soils in Scots pine forests of Cladina and Vaccinium vitis-idaea site types on coastal dunes of Baltic Sea The coastal dunes of Southwest Estonia have been undergoing a process of stabilisation and are today covered predominantly with Scots pine forests. For the investigation of soils on dunes sampling sites were selected according to topographical positions and forest site types: two sites in Cladina and two sites in Vaccinium vitis-idaea site types on dunes of different heights. The prevailing soils on dunes are Gleyic Podzols, which are generally poor in humus, water and mineral nutrients. Great differences in soil chemical components were found on the foots, slopes and tops of the dunes depending on the height of the dune. The study showed that the concentration of macronutrients (N, K, Ca, Mg) in soil decreased from the foot towards the top. On the other hand, a serious decrease in the nutrient concentration from the O horizon to the BC horizon was typical of the dunes. The soils were generally acidic, with the pH of 3.4-5.5 in the studied sampling sites. The soils were more acidic on the foots of the dune and in the O and A horizons.
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Carbonero, Elaine R., Anderson V. Montai, Sandra M. Woranovicz-Barreira, Philip A. J. Gorin, and Marcello Iacomini. "Polysaccharides of lichenized fungi of three Cladina spp.: significance as chemotypes." Phytochemistry 61, no. 6 (November 2002): 681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9422(02)00363-1.
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Nieminen, Mauri, Aune-Sinikka Pokka, and Ulla Heiskari. "Artificial feeding and nutritional status of semi-domesticated reindeer during winter." Rangifer 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.7.2.717.
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<p>Three feeding experiments were done during 1980-82 with semi-domesticated reindeer in captivity out of doors in Northern Finland. Calves and adult hinds were fed with lichens (Cladina spp.), hay, dry molasses pulp and other feeds containing different amounts of proteins and other nutrients. The body weight, blood and faecal N were lowest in lichen fed groups. Slightly higher values were measured in groups fed with dry or ground hay, dry molasses pulp, oat bran and commercial feeds.</p><p>Poron kunto talvella keimoruokinnalla.</p><p>Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Vuosina 1980-82 tehtiin poroilla tarhaoloissa Pohjois-Suomessa kolme ruokintakoetta. Vasoja ja vaatimia ruokittiin jåkålållå (Cladina spp.), heinållå, melassileikkeellå ja muilla rehuilla, joissa oli eri mååriå valkuaista ja muita ravintoaineita. Porojen elopaino, veriarvot ja ulosteen typpipitoisuus olivat alhaisimmat jåkålållå ruokitulla poroilla. Hieman karkeampia arvoja mitattiin muissa ryhmisså, joita ruokittiin, kuivalla tai jauhetulla heinållå, melassileikkeellå, kaurajauholla ja kaupallisilla rehuilla.</p><p>Foring og næringsstatus hos finsk rein gjennom vinteren.</p><p>Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Tre forsøk med foring av rein ble utført i årene 1980-82. Dyrene ble holdt utendørs i innhegning i Nord-Finland. Kalver og voksne simler ble gitt lav (Cladina spp.), høy, tørket melasse-pulp og andre forsor-ter med forskjellig innhold av protein og andre næringsstoffer. Kroppsvekt, blod verdier og total-N-innhold i fæces var lavest i de lav-forede grupper. Litt høyere verdier ble målt i andre grupper som ble gitt vanlig eller malt høy, tørket melasse-pulp, havrekli og kommersielle forsorter.</p>
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Neta, T., Q. Cheng, R. L. Bello, and B. Hu. "Upscaling reflectance information of lichens and mosses using a singularity index: a case study of the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 3 (May 19, 2010): 3551–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-3551-2010.
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Abstract. Assessing moisture contents of lichens and mosses using ground-based high spectral resolution spectrometers (400–2500 nm) offers immense opportunities for a comprehensive monitoring of peatland moisture status by satellite/airborne imagery. This information may be valuable for present and future carbon balance modeling. Previous studies are based upon point measurements of vegetation moisture content and water table position, and therefore a detailed moisture status of entire northern peatlands is not available. Consequently, upscaling ground and remotely sensed data to the desired spatial resolutions is inevitable. This study continues our previous investigation of the impact of various moisture conditions of common sub-Arctic lichen and moss species (i.e., Cladina stellaris, Cladina rangiferina, Dicranum elongatum, and Tomenthypnum nitens) upon the spectral signatures obtained in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada. Upscaling reflectance measurements of the above species were conducted in the field, and reflectance analysis using a singularity index was made, since this study serves as a basis for future aircraft/satellite research. An attempt to upscale current and new spectral reflectance indices developed in our previous studies was made as well. Future study should focus on concurrent monitoring of moisture variations in lichens and mosses both in situ and from satellite and airborne images, as well as analysis of fractal models in relations to the upscaling experiments.
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Bačkor, M., J. Hudá, M. Repčák, W. Ziegler§, and M. Bačkorová. "The Influence of pH and Lichen Metabolites (Vulpinic Acid and (+) Usnic Acid) on the Growth of the Lichen Photobiont Trebouxia Irregularis." Lichenologist 30, no. 6 (November 1992): 577–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1998.0166.
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AbstractThe quantitative response to two lichen metabolites, vulpinic acid and (+) usnic acid, on biomass production by the photobiont Trebouxia irregularis, isolated from the lichen Cladina mitis, was determined experimentally. The presence of usnic acid resulted in inhibition of photobiont growth, and the effect depended on the pH of the culture medium. The concentration effect of usnic acid was observed. The application of vulpinic acid almost completely inhibited the growth of T.irregularis and no significant differences were found among samples at different medium pH values.
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Beard, Karen H., and Paula T. Depriest. "Genetic Variation Within and Among Mats of the Reindeer Lichen, Cladina Subtenuis." Lichenologist 28, no. 02 (March 1996): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282996000229.
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Beard, Karen H., and Paula T. Depriest. "Genetic Variation Within and Among Mats of the Reindeer Lichen, Cladina Subtenuis." Lichenologist 28, no. 2 (March 1996): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1996.0015.
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AbstractCladina subtenuis is the most commonly found ‘ reindeer lichen ’ in the southeastern United States. In the present study C. subtenuis was examined for polymorphism in the small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) within and among small clumps of podetia, here referred to as mats, from five geographical locations. Polymorphism in the SSU rDNA was not detected among podetia within mats, but polymorphism was detected among mats from a single location. Therefore, mats of C. subtenuis may represent a single genetic individual, although genetically distinct mats may occur in close proximity. Their proximity couldencourage sexual reproduction between genetically distinct individuals, which would maintain variation in these populations. The SSU rDNA types represented three different lengths and restriction-site patterns, reflecting the presence of sequence insertions of at least 200 nucleotides in the SSU rDNA coding region. Thei nsertions, differing in position, number and sequence, are group I introns similar to those previously reported in the Cladonia chlorophaea complex. The intron variation among the SSU rDNA types indicates that molecular evolution has occurred within this species, perhaps since its divergence from related taxa and dispersal across the southeastern United States.
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Prykladivska, Tetyana. "Види рослин і лишайників Кий-острова в Гербарії Національного лісотехнічного університету України (LWFU)." Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України, no. 20 (June 4, 2020): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/412002.
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Кий-острів, що розташований в Онезькій затоці Білого моря (географічні координати 64°00′ п. ш., 37°53′ с. д.) – це виступ гранітної плити, яка залягає на незначній глибині і виходить на поверхню моря у вигляді скель. Геоморфологічні та кліматичні особливості острова, близькість до Північного полярного кола та Арктичної області, зумовили формування на ньому своєрідних природних комплексів, де переважають соснові ліси. Виконані в липні 1984 р. серії описів лісових біоценозів острова дали змогу встановити як основні типи цих лісів (сосняк лишайниковый скальный, сосняк лишайниковый каменистый, сосняк лишайниковый багульниково-вересковый на вершинах сельг [Kucherov, Zverev, 2012; Rupestrian landscapes…, 2008; Rysin, 1975]), так і відповідні їм типи асоціацій (Pinetum cladinosum petraeum, Myrtillus-Calluna-Cladina-Typ, Pinetum uliginosi-vaccinioso-ledosum). Наведений перелік домінантних видів рослин і лишайників нижніх ярусів лісових біоценозів демонструє наявність у їх складі характерних представників бореальної та гіпоарктичної флори. Найбільша частина з них – це класичні бореальні види: Andromeda polifolia L., Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench, Ledum palustre L., Linnaea borealis L., Nardus stricta L. та інші. На другій позиції знаходяться гіпоарктичні види, серед яких Betula nana L., Rubus arcticus L., Rubus chamaemorus L., Cornus suecica L. На поверхнях скель високу частку складають представники відділу Lichenomycota – характерні елементи північних та південних лишайникових тундр, а саме: Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & Vězda, Cladonia sylvatica (L.) Hoffm., Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H.Wigg., Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., Peltigera aphthosa (L.) Willd.
Зібраний гербарний матеріал (45 зразків 16-ти таксонів) достатньою мірою відображає найбільш характерні риси біоти скельних сосняків Кий-острова та являє собою єдину колекцію видів з північної тайги європейської частини Росії в Гербарії Національного лісотехнічного університету України, який офіційно зареєстрований в міжнародних базах даних під акронімом LWFU.
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Arseneault, Dominique. "Impact of fire behavior on postfire forest development in a homogeneous boreal landscape." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 31, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-065.
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Although behavior of stand-replacing wildfire has significant impacts on initial tree regeneration in the fire-prone boreal landscape, the unknown behavior of most past wildfires has precluded any evaluation of these impacts on the progressive development of late-successional forest ecosystems. In this study, the effects of fire behavior on long-term ecosystem development were evaluated by linking the banding pattern of tree density in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) - black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) forest on a flat and homogeneous landform in northern Quebec to a similar, previously documented pattern of unburned strips of tree crowns. Complex wildfire-atmosphere interactions during the spread of a 1941 stand-replacing wildfire created this pattern in stem density, most likely by differentially damaging the canopy-stored seed bank between areas of contrasting fire severity. Sites with initial differences in seedling densities have followed different recovery pathways and developed markedly different forest structures, as well as differences in species abundance. Compared with areas of severe crown fire, the present-day vegetation in areas of low crown fire severity shows a higher density of living pines in the canopy layer, higher spruce and dead pine densities in the subcanopy layer, a lower pine density in the understory layer, and a higher abundance of Cladina rangiferina (L.) and Cladina stellaris Opiz (Brodo) in the lichen mat. This close spatial connection between crown fire severity and the ecological processes driving ecosystem recovery may explain large differences in vegetation among sites in the boreal landscape.
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Thomas, Donald C., and David P. Hervieux. "The late winter diets of barren-ground caribou in North-Central Canada." Rangifer 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1986): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.6.2.663.
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Rumen samples from 104 barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) collected in March 1980 and 1981 at 18 sites on the winter range in south-central Northwest Territories (NWT) and northern Saskatchewan were examined microscopically for relative occurrence of plant fragments. The composition of plant fragments in the rumens of calves did not differ from that in older caribou. Samples were homogeneous within sites and among them. Therefore we analyzed composite samples for each site and then pooled the data. Terricolous fruticose and foliose lichens averaged 68.5 ± 1.5% (SE) ot tallied fragments at all 18 sites, followed by conifer needles (11.9 ± 1.2%), green leaves of Vactinium spp., Ledum spp., and other shrubs and iorbs (5.6 ± 0.6%), twigs and bark (5.5 ± 0.4%), bryophytes (4.9 ± 0.6%) and 3.6% unidentified. The lichen component consisted of 8.4 ± 1.5% Stereocaulon spp., 46.9 ± 2.6% other fruticose lichens (largely Cladina spp., Cladonia spp., and Cetraria spp.), and 13.2 ± 1.5% foliose lichens (largely Peltigera spp.). A comparison of rumen contents with the average relative abundance of plants found in feeding craters at 13 sites suggests that use of plant species was not always proportionate to their occurrence.
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Grace, B., T. J. Gillespie, and K. J. Puckett. "Sulphur dioxide threshold concentration values for Cladina rangiferina in the Mackenzie Valley, N.W.T." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1985): 806–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-103.
Full textAbstract:
A simulation model for the prediction of threshold concentration values of gaseous sulphur dioxide for damage to Cladina rangiferina over a 24-h period is presented. The model requires inputs of near surface relative humidities and air temperatures as well as lichen surface temperatures, and nearby airport wind speeds. An initial value of percent lichen water content must also be specified. Studies of lichen water relationships provided expressions utilized in the model for the calculation of the percent lichen water content. The model was applied to four microclimatically different days for an open lichen–spruce woodland near Inuvik, N.W.T. Boundary-layer resistance was found to be not as important as internal thallus resistance to sulphur dioxide uptake. For all days examined, threshold gaseous concentration values of sulphur dioxide for a 24-h period ranged from 20 to 30 μg∙m−3.
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DeLuca, T. H., O. Zackrisson, I. Bergman, and G. Hörnberg. "Historical land use and resource depletion in spruce-Cladina forests of subarctic Sweden." Anthropocene 1 (September 2013): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2013.03.002.
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Legaz, Maria Estrella, and C. Vicente. "Regulation of urease activity of Cladina dendroides and its photobiont by lichen phenols." Plant Science 63, no. 1 (January 1989): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9452(89)90096-4.
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Stocker-Wörgötter, Elfie. "Experimental cultivation of lichens and lichen symbionts." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, S1 (December 31, 1995): 579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-298.
Full textAbstract:
Culture experiments with lichens and lichen symbionts are helpful for giving answers to many open questions in different fields of modern lichenology. Cultures are especially required for investigations where the analysis of naturally grown thalli is inconclusive and more standardized research material is needed. In the first part a short review of the artificial resynthesis of the cyanobacterial Peltigera praetextata along with new results obtained by the culture of isidia are presented. Another series of experiments report a successful resynthesis of the photosymbiodeme Peltigera leucophlebia. Details of the thallus morphogenesis and the formation of cephalodia in culture are shown. The related Peltigera aphthosa was cultured from small thallus fragments. In this case, the alpine P. aphthosa forms solely the cephalodiate thallus. A cyanobacterial morphotype as known from other culture experiments and the related P. britannica is missing in culture. Further culture experiments are conducted with alpine species of the genus Cladonia (e.g., Cl. fimbriata, Cl. furcata). Results show a quick redifferentiation and regeneration of squamules and podetia both by soredia and fragments. The high capacity of thallus regeneration as shown for Cl. furcata seems to be absent in representatives of the Cladina group (e.g., Cl. portentosa, Cl. rangiferina). Key words: lichen culture, resynthesis, tissue culture, Peltigeraceae, cyanobacterial lichens, photosymbiodemes, Peltigera leucophlebia, Peltigera aphthosa, Cladoniaceae, Cl. fimbriata, Cl. furcata.