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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Cladosporium'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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1

Bouziane, Hassan. "Les allergènes de Cladosporium." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112260.

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Au cours des dix dernières années, l'allergie respiratoire a pris une place de plus en plus importante dans la pathologie respiratoire. Cependant, l’implication directe des champignons dans le déclenchement de rhinites et asthme IgE dépendant reste rarement démontré. Ce fait résulte essentiellement de la mauvaise qualité et l'hétérogénéité des extraits utilisés jusqu'à ce jour. En effet, aucune préparation commerciale n'est standardisée et les propagules choisies et les procédés d'extraction varient énormément différents producteurs d'allergènes. Les recherches entreprises sur les différentes espèces de Cladosporium ont permis de sélectionner une souche de C. Cladosporioides qui est capable de sporuler abondamment in vitro et qui produit des concentrations élevées d'allergènes I'allergénicité des différents extraits a été étudiée à l'aide des tests immunologiques in vitro (RAST et RAST inhibition ) et in vivo chez l'homme et l'animal(PCA ,Prick test). A l 'aide de-tels tests, il a pu être établi que le mycélium, à partir duquel sont le plus souvent préparées les formulations commerciales, contient des concentrations moins élevées d'allergènes que les spores qui ,de plus ont des allergènes spécifiques. Les allergènes sporaux ont ensuite été purifiés et identifiés à l’aide de techniques biochimiques: électrophorèse, chromatographique basse et haute pression. Il s'agit de glycoprotéines dont le poids moléculaire varie entre10 et 90 kDa et qui appartiennent à deux groupes de point isoélectrique très acide (3,8-4,5) ou légèrement acide (5-5,5). A l'aide de techniques immunocytochimiques en microscopie électronique, les allergènes ont été localisés à la surface et à l’intérieur de la paroi mais aussi dans le cytoplasme des spores.
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2

Bouziane, Hassan. "Les Allergènes de cladosporium." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603399t.

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3

Hobbs, G. A. "The responses of Cladosporium resinae to hydrocarbons." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378381.

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4

Lacroix, Helene Anne. "Studies to define hydrophobin functions in Cladosporium fulvum." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486347.

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Cladosporium fulvum is the causative agent of tomato leaf mould and has at least 6 hydrophobins named HCf-I to -6. To investigate the function of the six hydrophobins, three approaches were carried out: 1) Analysis of the expression of the six hydrophobins using quantitative PCR performed in vitro; 2) The immunolocalisation of the six hydrophobins in vitro and in plan/a; 3) RNAi silencing to silence up to six hydrophobin genes. The main results generated from the expression and localisation studies of the hydrophobins showed that not only are the hydrophobins produced at different times, but most unexpectedly, that they were located in different portions of the mycelium. Thus HCf-I, HCf-2 and HCf-3 were found in patches on the conidia, and on the aerial hyphae that produce the conidia. HCf-4 appeared in small areas both in the mycelium that is submerged in the agar and in the aerial hyphae. HCf-5 was visible only on the aerial hyphae at the time of sporulation, but was not found on the conidia. HCf-6 was secreted by the young hyphae 24 hours after germination and was evident as a layer on the surface of the growth medium, not associated with fungal structures. As HCf-6 accumulates at the periphery of the hyphae during tissue invasion, it was hypothesised that it might serve a role in adhesion. Assays were carried out to measure the adhesion of hyphae of the wild type and four ~HCf-6 strains to glass slides. The result show that hyphae of mCf-6 adhere significantly better than those of the wild type strain. Thus, HCf-6 does not act as an adhesion factor but more as a surfactant. Hydrophobin-less mutants by targeted single gene deletion were created but did not have evident phenotypes (Whiteford and Spanu, 2001). In order to investigate the possibility that several hydrophobin genes together contribute to fulfil a function or complement each other in knock-out strains, RNAi-based multigene silencing constructs were prepared and transformed into C. fulvum. Results show that the gene silencing constructs cause a reduction (up to 98%) of mRNA levels for the targeted hydrophobin genes. The silencing seems to be happening throughout the development of the fungus for single silenced strains, but not for multiple silenced strains. Complementation was observed between hydrophobins as the silencing of one hydrophobin affected the expression of the non-targeted hydrophobins. The silencing of all hydrophobins simulteanously in one strain showed to be less vigorous than the wild type, indicating that although the six hydrophobins ate not individually necessary for the fungus and can complement each other for certain functions, if all the six hydrophobins are disminished then the fungus is affected.
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5

McHale, Mark. "Analysis of an expression library of Cladosporium fulvum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253611.

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6

Golstein, Catherine. "Genes required for tomato resistance to Cladosporium fulvum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365069.

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7

Almeida, Elsa Margarida Lourenço de. "Impacto de bioaerossóis polínicos e fúngicos na doença alérgica respiratória na cidade de Beja." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23267.

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Introdução: O conhecimento das variações das concentrações atmosféricas de pólen e de esporos fúngicos numa determinada região são fundamentais no diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção da patologia alérgica. Objetivos: Analisar: 1) o conteúdo em pólen e em esporos de Alternaria e Cladosporium na atmosfera de Beja; 2) a influência dos parâmetros meteorológicos sobre as suas concentrações; 3) a prevalência da sensibilização aos alergénios moleculares Phl p1, Phl p5, Phl p7, Phl p12 e Alt a1. Metodologia: Utilizaram-se os dados das monitorizações dos principais tipos polínicos com interesse alergológico e dos esporos fúngicos Alternaria e Cladosporium, de abril de 2012 a Julho de 2014 e os dados dos parâmetros meteorológicos de Beja desse mesmo período. Utilizou-se a metodologia recomendada pela Rede Portuguesa de Aerobiologia (RPA-SPAIC) baseada no uso de um Burkard Seven Day Volumetric Spore-trap®. Para a análise da influência dos parâmetros meteorológicos sobre as concentrações de pólen atmosférico utilizou-se a análise de correlação de Spearman. Estudaram-se 45 doentes sensibilizados a gramíneas e 16 a esporos fúngicos para determinar os alergénios moleculares predominantes. Resultados: Na atmosfera de Beja a maioria do pólen coletado pertenceu aos tipos: Poaceae, Quercus, Oleaceae, Urticaceae e Cupressaceae. Elaborou-se o calendário polínico para a Região. Os níveis de esporos de Cladosporium e Alternaria foram superiores na primavera e outono e os de Alternaria nalguns dias ultrapassaram o valor limiar de alergia. Os alergénios: pólen, ácaros, alimentos e esporos de fungos foram os responsáveis pela maioria das sensibilizações. Cerca de 71% dos doentes alérgicos a gramíneas foram sensíveis a Phl p1 e Phl p5b. e a maioria do doentes com sensibilização a fungos foi sensível a Alt a1. Conclusão: Os níveis polínicos e fúngicos na cidade de Beja são elevados, particularmente durante a primavera, e são condicionados pela vegetação envolvente característica e pelas condições meteorológicas; Abstract: Impact of pollen and fungal bioaerosols on allergic respiratory disease in the city of Beja Background: The knowledge of atmospheric concentrations of pollen and fungal spores in a particular region is fundamental in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic pathology. Objectives: To analyze: 1) the content of pollen and spores of Alternaria and Cladosporium in the Beja atmosphere; 2) the influence of meteorological parameters on their concentrations; 3) the prevalence of sensitization to the molecular allergens Phl p1, Phl p5, Phl p7, Phl p12 and Alt a1. Methodology: Monitoring data of the main pollen types with allergenic interest and fungal spores Alternaria and Cladosporium, from April 2012 to July 2014, and the data of Beja meteorological parameters of the same period were used. We used the methodology recommended by the Portuguese Aerobiology Network (RPA-SPAIC) based on the use of a Burkard Seven Day Volumetric Spore-trap®. For the analysis of the influence of the meteorological parameters on the concentrations of atmospheric pollen, the Spearman correlation analysis was used. A total of 45 patients sensitized to grasses and 16 to fungal spores were studied to determine the predominant molecular allergens. Results: In the Beja atmosphere the majority of the collected pollen belonged to the types: Poaceae, Quercus, Oleaceae, Urticaceae and Cupressaceae. The pollen calendar for the Region was elaborated. The levels of spores of Cladosporium and Alternaria were higher in spring and autumn and those of Alternaria in a few days exceeded the threshold value of allergy. Allergens: pollen, mites, food and fungi spores were responsible for most sensitizations. Approximately 71% of grass allergic patients were sensitive to Phl p1 and Phl p5b and most of the patients with fungal sensitization were sensitive to Alt 1. Conclusion: Pollen and fungal levels in the city of Beja were high, particularly during spring, and are conditioned by the characteristic vegetation and weather conditions.
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8

Žukauskaitė, Rūta. "Cladosporium, Penicillium ir Aspergillus genčių grybų paplitimas gyvenamosiose patalpose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110712_150612-90667.

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Viena iš aktualiausių šių laikų problemų yra "Nesveikų pastatų sindromas". Patalpų mikologinė būklė - šios problemos sudėtinė dalis, todėl daugelio šalių mokslininkai tiria mikrogrybų paplitimą įvairios paskirties patalpose. Mano atliktų tyrimų tikslas - ištirti Cladosporium, Penicillium ir Aspergillus genčių paplitimą gyvenamosiose patalpose ir įvertinti patalpų mikologinę būklę. Tyrimai atlikti 2007, 2008 ir 2010 metais penkiuose Vilniaus miesto butuose, 23 patalpose. Tirti butai yra skirtinguose miesto mikrorajonuose, namuose, kurių statybai panaudotos skirtingos statybinės medžiagos. Kai kuriuose butuose nustatytas padidintas drėgnumas ar dulkėtumas. Tyrimai atlikti gravitaciniu būdu, mikromicetų pradams nusėdant į Petri lėkšteles ant mitybinės Čapeko terpės. Ekspozicija 15 minučių. Pasėliai inkubuojami penkias paras 25±2oC temperatūroje. Po inkubacijos skaičiuotos ir identifikuotos lėkštelėse išaugusios kolonijos. Iš tiriamųjų butų išskirta nuo 6391,98 iki 50318,82 kfv/m3 mikromicetų kolonijas formuojančių vienetų. Cladosporium genties mikromicetų nuo 720,9 iki 10380,96 kfv/m3; Penicillium - nuo 1009,26 iki 39168,9 kfv/m3; Aspergillus nuo 96,12 iki 3220,02 kfv/m3. Aspergillus niger rūšies nuo 0 iki 672,84 kfv/m3. Mikromicetų paplitimo dažnumas tirtose patalpose: Cladosporium sp.2007 m. - 82,4%; 2008 m. - 91,3%, 2010 m. - 100 %. Penicillium sp. 2007 m. - 100%; 2008 m. - 95%, 2010 m. - 91,3 %. Aspergillus sp. 2010 m. - 65,2 %. Aspergillus niger 2010 m. - 21,7 %. Tirtuose... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
One of the most pressing problems of our time is the "sick building syndrome ". Mycological condition of indoor - an integral part of the problem, because many scientists study the prevalence of fungi of various spaces. My studies aim - to explore Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus genera distribution private homes premises and mycological assessment of the state. Studies carried out in 2007, 2008 and 2010 in five apartments in Vilnius, 23 premises. To explore the apartments are located in different neighborhoods, houses, a building used for various construction materials. Some of the apartments increased humidity or dust. Studies carried out by gravitational, spring deposition of fungi in Petri dishes on a culture matrix. Exposition of 15 minutes. The crop are incubated for five days at 25 ± 2 ° C temperature. After incubation, calculated and identified by the increase in colonies dishes. Abstracted from the apartment from 6391.98 to 50318.82 cfu/m3 fungal colony-forming units. Cladosporium genus micromycetes from 720.9 to 10,380.96 cfu/m3; Penicillium - from 1009.26 to 39,168.9 cfu/m3; Aspergillus, from 96.12 to 3220.02 cfu/m3. Aspergillus niger species from 0 to 672.84 cfu/m3. The frequency distribution of fungal surveyed premises: Cladosporium sp. 2007 - 82.4% in 2008 - 91.3% in 2010 - 100%. Penicillium sp. 2007 - 100% in 2008 - 95% in 2010 - 91.3%. Aspergillus sp. 2010 - 65.2%. Aspergillus niger 2010 - 21.7%. In analyzed in apartments dominated by genera... [to full text]
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9

FREIRE, Karla Torres Lins de Sousa. "Caracterização taxonómica de espécies do complexo Cladosporium cladosporiotdes depositadas na micoteca URM da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/24284.

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Submitted by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-04-13T19:32:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO Karla Torres Lins de Sousa Freire.pdf: 955817 bytes, checksum: 797b4b52f98ea76917d7a2f7c23619d8 (MD5)
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CNPQ
Diante da crescente necessidade de um rigor taxonômico e do grande número de espécies de fungos que ainda existem para ser revisada e descrita, a identificação baseada apenas em características morfológicas não fornece dados suficientes para uma correta identificação de um grande número de espécies, inclusive aquelas pertencentes ao Complexo Cladosporium cladosporioides. Desta forma, estudos de biologia molecular vem sendo adicionados ao método tradicional com o intuito de fornecer dados mais precisos, auxiliando no processo de distinção de espécies morfologicamente próximas. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar taxonomicamente espécies pertencentes ao Complexo Cladosporium cladosporioides depositadas na Micoteca URM da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco por abordagem morfológica e molecular. Para isso, foram utilizadas 40 culturas de fungos pertencentes às espécies C. cladosporioides (32) e C. tenuissimum (8) e realizadas análises das características macroscópicas dos fungos através do cultivo em meio de cultura BDA (Batata Dextrose Ágar), MEA (Extrato de Malte Ágar), SNA (Synthetic Nutrient-poor Agar) e AO (ágar aveia) por um período de 14 dias a 25ºC no escuro, e microscópicas através de culturas crescidas em meio SNA e BDA por 7 dias sob luz UVA contínua. Para as análises moleculares, foi realizado o sequenciamento parcial da região ITS, e dos genes actina (ACT) e do fator de alongamento da tradução (tef1). Através da ferramenta BLAST, todas as culturas de fungos utilizadas neste estudo apresentaram identidade igual ou superior a 97% com sequências de fungos do gênero Cladosporium depositadas no Banco de dados GenBank para as regiões ITS1-5,8S-ITS2, e os genes ACT e tef1. Outras sequências de referência foram utilizadas para o alinhamento nesse estudo e após a reconstrução filogenética mais parcimoniosa foi constatado que 30 culturas pertencem ao Complexo Cladosporium cladosporioides e 6 ao Complexo Cladosporium sphaerospermum. Sendo assim, os genes ACT e o tef1 foram considerados os marcadores moleculares com maior poder de resolução para as espécies pertencentes ao Complexo Cladosporium cladosporioides. Desta forma, foi possível atualizar o status taxonômico das culturas das espécies C. cladosporioides e C. tenuissimum depositadas na Micoteca URM da UFPE.
Given the growing need for taxonomic accuracy and the large number of fungal species that still exist to be reviewed and described, only identification based on morphological characteristics does not provide sufficient data for a correct identification of a large number of species, including those belonging to Cladosporium cladosporioides complex. Thus, molecular biology studies have been added to the conventional method in order to provide more accurate data, helping the process of morphologically distinguish closely related species. In this context, this study aimed to characterize taxonomically species of the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex deposited in the URM Culture Collection of the Federal University of Pernambuco by morphological and molecular approach. For this, we used 40 fungal cultures belonging species C. cladosporioides (32) and C. tenuissimum (8) and carried out analyzes of macroscopic characteristics of fungi by growing in PDA culture medium (Potato Dextrose Agar), MEA (Extract Malt agar), SNA (Synthetic Nutrient-poor agar) and AO (oatmeal agar) for a period of 14 days at 25 ° C in the dark and microscopic using SNA and cultures grown in PDA medium for 7 days under continuous UV light. For molecular analysis, we performed the partial sequencing of the ITS region, and actin genes (ACT) and the translation elongation factor (TEF1). Through BLAST tool, all cultures of fungi used in this study showed similarity equal to or greater than 97% with fungi of the genus Cladosporium sequences deposited in the GenBank database for ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, and ACT genes and TEF1. Other reference sequences were used for this study alignment and phylogenetic reconstruction after most parsimonious 30 was found to belong to the crops Cladosporium cladosporioides complex and the 6 to Cladosporium sphaerospermum complex. Thus, the ACT and the TEF1 genes were considered molecular markers with higher resolution for the species belonging to Cladosporium cladosporioides Complex. Thus, it was possible to update the taxonomic status of the cultures of C. cladosporioides and C. tenuissimum deposited in the URM Culture Collection of UFPE.
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10

Brada, Lukáš. "Interakce člověka a životního prostředí v prostorách obytných staveb z anorganického zdiva." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260357.

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Interaction of humans and the environment, is subject to the occurrence of mold in residential buildings. Mold development has been the ultimate result of a variety of phenomena, processes and causes that have penetrated in various stages of preparation, implementation and operation of buildings. The negative effects which the mold in a residential area buildings exhibit is primarily a reduction in the use of comfort living space in the form of health risks in the form of allergic reactions and possibly causing chronic problems. Chronic problems over time can lead to serious illness. A big role in the occurrence of mold also plays a reduction of aesthetic values of residential spaces requiring repair and remedy these deficiencies. When removing adverse events leads to an unnecessary additional environmental burden. Problems of fungi in ground buildings are very expansive and interdisciplinary problems, which incorporates structural, termomechanic, chemical and biologic aspects. In this undergraduate work I concentrated on the origin of fungi in ground buildings with inorganic materials and I am discribing at least some important sources and aspects of fungi origin in each phases origin and exploitation building, with usage of specialised literature. Model compultations and examples of origin fungi are performed. Autocephalous origin of fungi in residencial buildings is yet fallback situation, which can be possibly prevented. But due to conditions for origin fugi can begin long ago this fallback situation. Store of bias each phases living buildings is accentuated on possibly fugi production in buildings from project up to operation.
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11

Iakovidis, Michail. "The genetic complexity of cladosporium fulvum ecp5 in tomato." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533704.

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12

Masclaux, Florence. "Taxonomie et phylogénie des espèces opportunistes du genre Cladosporium." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T317.

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13

Chaibub, Amanda Abdallah. "Supressão de brusone nas folhas de arroz com Cladosporium cladosporioides." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4823.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Couch, anamorph-Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) is the major disease of rice causing yield losses up to 100%, in the world. Its control, currently held by integrating genetic resistance, cultural practices and chemical control, requires the inclusion of biological agents. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the in vitro antagonism between C. cladosporioides and four different rice pathogens; to verify the ability of C. cladosporioides in suppressing leaf blast and to study the mechanisms involved during disease suppression. The bioassays were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. The antagonism in vitro was evaluated by pairing-up, in Petri dishes containing PDA medium, nine different isolates of C. cladosporioides with the rice pathogens Sarocladium oryzae (sheath rot), Monographella albescens (scald), Cochliobolus miyabeanus (brown stain) and M. oryzae. All C. cladosporioides isolates reduced colonies mycelia growth up to 53.84% in addition to hallo formation. Among the nine tested isolates, four were selected for in vivo studies. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, three different concentrations were tested, in two different applications way; 1) 48 hours before challenger inoculation with M. oryzae; 2) mixture of M. oryzae and C. cladosporioides conidia suspensions. The isolated C24 C. cladosporioides (5x105) sprayed 48 hours, before challenger inoculation reduced 97.1% of leaf blast severity, and the spray mixture of conidial suspensions of C24 C. cladosporioides (5x101) and M. oryzae 3x105 spray of decreased leaf blast severity by 88.6%. Subsequently, the mechanisms involved in leaf blast suppression were investigated by using the same isolate, both applications methods and by collecting rice plants leaves sprayed with C. cladosporioides and M. oryzae. The application of C. cladosporioides 48 hours before challenger inoculation with M. oryzae and the conidial suspensions of mixture of M. oryzae and C. cladosporioides reduced to 83.9% and 78.6% of leaf blast severity, respectively. It was detected that, in the presence of C. cladosporioides and absence of the pathogen activity of enzymes GLU, LIPOX, PAL and POX increased significantly. In the presence of, C. cladosporioides and M. oryzae, POX and PAL activity and AS content also significantly increased, in both application forms. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the physical interaction between plant/biological agent/pathogen during the penetration phase. It was proved that C. cladosporioides is a biological agent efficient in activating biochemical defense mechanisms of the rice plant during leaf blast suppression.
A brusone (Magnaporthe oryzae Couch, anamorfo - Pyricularia oryzae Cav.) é a principal doença do arroz no mundo causando perdas na produtividade de até 100%. Seu controle, atualmente realizado pelo manejo que integra resistência genética, práticas culturais e controle químico, requer a inserção de agentesbiológicos. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram avaliar o antagonismo in vitro entre Cladosporium cladosporioides e os patógenos do arroz; verificar a capacidade de C. cladosporioides em suprimir a brusone foliar e estudar os mecanismos envolvidos na supressão da doença. Todos os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O antagonismo, in vitro, foi avaliado pareando-se, em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura BDA, nove diferentes isolados de C. cladosporioides com os patógenos do arroz, Sarocladium oryzae (Podridão da bainha), Monographella albescens (Escaldadura), Cochliobolus miyabeanus (Mancha parda) e M. oryzae. Todos os isolados de C. cladosporioides reduziram, em até 53,84% o crescimento micelial das colônias além de apresentarem halo; entre os nove, quatro foram selecionados para os estudos in vivo. Em condições controladas de casa de vegetação, foram testadas, em três diferentes concentrações, a aplicação antecipada, 48 horas antes da inoculação desafiadora com M. oryzae, e a aplicação da mistura das suspensões de conídios de M. oryzae e C. cladosporioides. A pulverização antecipadado isolado C24 de C. cladosporioides (5x105) promoveu 97,1% de redução da severidade de brusone foliar e a pulverização da mistura das suspensões do isolado C24 de C. cladosporioides (5x101) e M. oryzae (3x105) reduziu em 88,6%. Posteriormente, os mecanismos envolvidos na supressão da brusone foliar foram investigados com o mesmo isolado e os dois métodos de aplicação com coletas de plantas, realizadas antes e após o desafio com M. oryzae. As aplicações, antecipada e em mistura, reduziram em 83,9% e 78,6% a severidade da brusone foliar, respectivamente. Observou-se que, na ausência do patógeno a atividade de GLU, LIPOX, PAL e POX aumentaram significativamente. Na presença de M. oryzae, a atividade de POX e PAL e o teor do AS aumentaram destacadamente, em ambas as formas de aplicação. Por microscopia eletrônica de varredura confirmou-se a interaçãofísica entre planta/agente biológico/patógeno, durante a fase de penetração. C. cladosporioidesrevelou-se um agente biológico capaz de suprimira brusone foliar ativando os mecanismos bioquímicos de defesa da planta de arroz.
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14

Anderson, Elizabeth. "The Cf-11 locus in tomato for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426440.

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The interaction between Lycopersicon esculentum and the biotrophic fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum is a model for studying the molecular basis of plantpathogen interactions. Cf genes confer resistance against specific races of the fungus through recognition of proteins encoded by fungal avirulence (Avr) genes. Cf genes present in the near-isogenic lines Cf2, Cf4, Cf5 and Cf9 have been shown to encode Type I extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) glycoproteins anchored in the plasma membrane. The objective of this research was to isolate and characterise a novel locus for resistance to C. fulvum. The Cf1l line contains one characterised Cf gene (Cf-4), and one other gene that was designated Cf-11. Previous reports indicated Cf- 11 may represent a novel resistance specificity. Results presented in this thesis demonstrate that Cf-11 is unlinked to known Cf gene loci, and thus represents a new locus in tomato for resistance to C. fulvum. Markers linked in cis and in trans to Cf- 11 were identified by AFLP analysis of various bulked segregant pools. Cf-11 was mapped to an interval on chromosome l1 close to the reported map location of Cf-3. A high-resolution genetic map of the target locus was constructed to facilitate cloning of Cf-I1, and eventually, to provide further insight into the tomato-C. fulvum interaction. To test the hypothesis that Cf-11 and Cf-3 might form part of a complex locus, differences in their resistance specificities were investigated using different C. fislvum races, but these analyses proved inconclusive. However, a detailed analysis of the resistance to C. fulvum race 4 infection revealed clear differences between Cf- 3 and Cf-11, consistent with the hypothesis that they represent distinct resistance genes. Cf-11 arose in a breeding experiment in 1972 but its precise origin is not known. The low level of DNA sequence polymorphism between Cf1l and Cif lines suggests Cf-11 arose from an L. esculentum variety, and possibly a line that contained Cf-3.
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15

Balint-Kurti, Peter John. "Genetic analysis of two tomato genes for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359330.

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16

Henricot, Beatrice. "A study of the starvation-induced genes of Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267544.

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17

Breckenridge, D. A. "#alpha#-galactosidase production by Mortierella vinacea, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporioides." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382297.

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18

Faria, Sandra Eulália Santos. "Seleção de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis) para resistência à cladosporiose (Cladosporium herbarum)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4680.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
At the present time, Brazil is one of the greatest producers of yellow passion fruit. Although, the Brazilian productivity is still considered low, due to many phytotecnical problems, such as: nutritional factors, low quality stock plants, inadequate system of conduction and phytossanitary problems. There are few works on genetic improvement aiming the resistance to phytopatogens in passion fruit trees. The main illnesses caused by fungi in the aerial parts of the plants are: Antracnosis, Cladosporiosis and Septoriosis, among others. Cladosporiosis and Antracnosis are the main fruit s illness of the passion fruit trees. Cladosporiosis can occur in all aerial parts of the plant, including leaves, little branches, flowers and fruits. It is a typical young tissue illness. It causes clorosis in the leaves and can lead to the defoliation of the plant. Depending on the severity, it can cause the loss of the growing plant. It is also considered an important illness in the after- harvest season. The aim of this work is to evaluate and to select progenies of half-sibs of passion fruit trees that are resistant to Cladosporiosis. The experiment was held in the campus of UFV, in green house in the fruitculture experimental area. There, ten progenies of half-sibs from previously selected progenies were studied, regarding to its productivity and fruit quality. The studied progenies were: 03, 12, 17, 18, 19, 22, 30, 31, 40 e 64. The experiment was conduced by the distribution of blocks at random, having four repetitions and five plants per plot. The blocks were chosen due to the plants size in the occasion of inoculation. The inoculum was prepared in a spore suspension of the fungi C. herbarum in distilled water (1x106 spores/mL), isolated from leaves of its parents population, and applied through spraying, reaching all the aerial parts, including the abaxial and adaxial faces of the leaves. The inoculated plants remained in the green house under controlled irrigation, until the evaluation. It took ten days so it got to the latent period, and twelve to the inoculation. Beginning the defoliation, the leaves were detached, scanned and quantified to the percentage of the damaged area. The software QUANT was used to get the quantification. The program GENES was used to analyze the variation between plants and to obtain the estimated gain for selection among and within families and combined in the studied progenies. The selection between progenies was made using 20% of selection and it was efficient, highlighting two out of the ten studied progenies as superior, regarding to resistance to Cladosporiosis. The selection within the progenies was realized by using 25% of selection and eight plants were highlighted, being two in each block, one from each gotten progenie in the selection among families, being from progenie 03 the plants 4, 1, 2, 1 and from progenie 19 the plants 3, 4, 2, 3 from blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 respectively. The combined selection showed off as the most efficient because, besides indicating the selected progenies in the other methods, it indicated a third favorable progenie to the recombination for the obtaining of resistant individuals. The combined selection pointed out eight plants as promising: considering the three progenies, it indicated a number of superior plants in each progenie, being two in the progenie 03, two in the progenie 17, and four in the progenie 19. The combined selection was the alternative which presented bigger expected gains. The results suggest that there is the possibility of realizing the selection in an effective way for the evaluated characteristic, getting to resistant individuals.
O Brasil é atualmente um dos maiores produtores de maracujá-azedo ou amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa). Apesar deste fato a produtividade brasileira ainda é considerada baixa, devido vários problemas fitotécnicos como: fatores nutricionais, plantas matrizes de baixa qualidade, sistema de condução inadequado e problemas fitossanitários. São relativamente poucos os trabalhos de melhoramento genético visando resistência à fitopatógenos em maracujazeiro. Entre as principais doenças fungicas da parte aérea estão a Antracnose, a Cladosporiose ou Verrugose e a Septoriose. Destas, a Cladosporiose (Cladosporium spp com predominância do C. herbarum) e a Antracnose (Colletotrichum goesporioides) são as principais doenças de frutos do maracujazeiro. A cladosporiose pode ocorrer em toda parte aérea da planta, compreendendo folhas, ramos gavinhas, flores e frutos. É uma doença típica de tecidos jovens, em folhas causa clorose e consequentemente desfolha da planta, dependendo da severidade pode levar a perda da muda. É também considerada uma importante doença de pós-colheita. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e selecionar progênies de meios-irmãos de maracujazeiro, resistentes à Cladosporiose ou Verrugose). O experimento foi conduzido no campus da UFV, em casa de vegetação na área experimental da fruticultura, Departamento de Fitotecnia. Nesse ambiente, foram estudadas dez progênies de meios-irmãos provenientes de progênies previamente selecionadas quanto à produtividade e qualidade de frutos. As progênies estudadas foram: 03, 12, 17, 18, 19, 22, 30, 31, 40 e 64. O experimento foi instalado no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e cinco plantas por parcelas, sendo os blocos estabelecidos em função do tamanho das plantas na ocasião da inoculação. O inóculo foi preparado com uma suspensão de esporos do fungo, C. herbarum em água destilada (1x106 esporos/mL), isolado de folhas da população dos pais, e aplicado por meio de pulverização atingindo toda parte aérea, incluindo as faces abaxiais e adaxiais das folhas. As plantas inoculadas permaneceram em casa de vegetação até a avaliação, sob irrigação controlada. O período latente foi de 10 dias e o de incubação 12, a estabilização da doença se deu aos 14 dias após a inoculação. Com início da desfolha as folhas foram destacadas, escaneadas e quantificadas quanto à porcentagem de área lesionada. Para quantificação foi utilizado o Software QUANT. Para analisar a variação entre plantas e obter a estimativa de ganho por seleção entre, dentro e combinada nas progênies estudadas foi utilizado o programa GENES. A seleção entre progênies foi feita utilizando 20% de seleção e mostrou-se eficiente destacando duas das dez progênies estudadas como superiores quanto à resistência a cladosporiose (progênies 03 e 19). Já a seleção dentro das progênies foi realizada utilizando-se 25% de seleção e destacou oito plantas sendo duas em cada bloco, uma de cada progênie selecionada na seleção entre, sendo da progênie 03 as plantas 4, 1, 2, 1 e da progênie 19 as plantas 3, 4, 2, 3 dos blocos 1, 2, 3, 4 respectivamente. A seleção combinada destacou-se como mais eficiente, pois além das progênies selecionadas nos outros métodos indicou uma terceira progênie favorável à recombinação para obtenção de indivíduos resistentes. Esta apontou oito plantas como promissoras, dentro de três progênies, indicou um número de plantas superiores em cada progênie, sendo duas na progênie 03, duas também na progênie 17 e quatro na progênie 19. A seleção combinada foi a alternativa que apresentou maiores ganhos esperados. Os resultados sugerem que existe a possibilidade de realizar a seleção de forma efetiva para a característica avaliada, obtendo-se indivíduos resistentes.
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19

Borden, Stephanie Dawn. "Localization of hydrogen peroxide in the interaction between Cladosporium fulvum and tomato." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62904.pdf.

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20

Pinheiro, Sayonara Maria de Moraes. "Impacto da colonização do fungo Cladosporium Sphaerospermum sobre a argamassa do concreto." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2003. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6169.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The understanding of the different deterioration mechanisms, which can attack the concrete, is highly relevant to predict, prevent or minimize the deterioration of the concrete constructions. Among the several deterioration mechanisms of concrete, the biodeterioration is one of the more recently observed. The full description of the biodeterioration of concretes is very complex and involves the necessity for synthesis of information from diverse disciplines and cross specialization. The main objective of this study was to observe the aesthetic and microestructural impacts of the Cladosporium sphaerospermum colonisation on the concrete. mortars. This work includes a literature review of the microstructure of materials, kinds of microorganisms and their metabolisms, types and mechanisms of biodeterioration, preventive measures and treatment against the biodeterioration, and techniques for analysing microstructure of concrete. The methodology used consists of inoculating the concrete mortars with spores of fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum, which produces a dark and large stain on the surface of the material (aesthetic impact). The impact of the fungus on the material microstructure was evaluated by using the following techniques: XRD, SEM/EDS, TG, DTA, chemical analysis and mineralogical calculation. These techniques allowed detecting the calcium carbonates solubilisation as well as the evidence of the beginning of a chemical biodeterioration of the concrete.
Para atender às necessidades de durabilidade das obras de concreto, é de fundamental importância o conhecimento dos diversos mecanismos de deterioração a que o material está sujeito. Entre os diversos mecanismos de deterioração do concreto, a biodeterioração é um dos mais recentemente observados. O estudo do mecanismo é complexo, multidisciplinar e envolve conhecimento nas áreas de materiais, mineralogia,química e microbiologia. Tendo em vista a importância do mecanismo e o seu impacto na durabilidade das obras de concreto, esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida com a finalidade de observar os impactos estético e microestrutural, da colonização isolada do fungo Cladosporium sphaerospermum, sobre a fase argamassada do concreto. Neste trabalho é apresentada uma ampla revisão bibliográfica, onde são abordados aspectos inerentes ao material, aos microrganismos, aos tipos de mecanismos, às medidas preventivas e de tratamento contra a biodeterioração, bem como às técnicas de análise da microestrutura do concreto. A metodologia utilizada foi constituída pela inoculação da fase argamassada do concreto com esporos do fungo Cladosporium sphaerospermum, cujo desenvolvimento microbiológico causa a formação de manchas escuras, sobre a superfície do material (impacto estético). O impacto da colonização do fungo na microestrutura do material foi avaliado através das técnicas clássicas de análise da microestrutura: difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com sistema por dispersão de energia, termogravimetria, análise t´ermica diferencial, análise química e cálculo mineralógico, que permitiram detectar a solubilização de carbonatos de cálcio, evidenciando o início de uma biodeterioração química do material.
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21

Freitas, Mayara Luisa Rocha. "New species and new records of conidial fungi from submerged decayed leaves in Brazil." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/21429.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os fungos são reconhecidamente cosmopolitas e desenvolvem diversas funções ecológicas no ecossistema, entre elas a decomposição da matéria orgânica. Eles reciclam a serapilheira presente no solo, contribuindo para mineralização de nutrientes. Nos ambientes aquáticos, esse papel saprofítico, contribui para aumentar a palatabilidade do material vegetal utilizado por organismos de outros níveis tróficos. Diversos representantes do reino Fungi estão presentes nos ambientes aquáticos e, dentre esses, os fungos conidiais. No bioma da Mata Atlântica os estudos sobre fungos no ambiente aquático ainda são escassos. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo taxonômico e filogenético das espécies de fungos conidiais associadas a substratos vegetais em decomposição submersos em corpos d’água de três fragmentos florestais localizados na Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais. As amostras coletadas foram levadas ao Laboratório de Micologia e Etiologia de Doenças Fúngicas de Plantas da Universidade Federal de Viçosa onde foram feitos os isolamentos e identificação dos fungos associados. O gênero Cladosporium foi o grupo de fungos mais abundante. Por meio da morfologia das estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas desse fungo, do crescimento das culturas in vitro e de análises filogenéticas, concluiu-se que todos os isolados pertencem ao complexo Cladosporium cladosporioides, sendo dois deles relatados pela primeira vez no Brasil e uma espécie nova a ser proposta. Este estudo contribui para ampliar o conhecimento da diversidade de fungos conidiais em ambientes aquáticos na Mata Atlântica Brasileira e ressalta a importância de se explorar novos habitats em pesquisas micológicas.
Fungi are recognized as cosmopolitan and carry out various ecological functions in the ecosystem, including the decomposition of organic matter. They recycle the litter present in the soil, contributing to mineralization of nutrients. In aquatic environments, this saprophytic role contributes to increase the palatability of plant material used by organisms of other trophic levels. Several representatives of the Fungi kingdom are present in the aquatic environments and, among these, the conidial fungi. In the Atlantic Forest biome, studies on fungi in the aquatic environment are still scarce. The aim of this work was to carry out a taxonomic and phylogenetic study of the conidial fungi species associated with decomposed plant substrates submerged in water bodies of three forest fragments located in the Serra do Brigadeiro, Minas Gerais. The collected samples were taken to the Laboratório de Micologia e Etiologia de Doenças Fúngicas de Plantas of Universidade Federal de Viçosa, where the isolations and identification of associated fungi were made. The genus Cladosporium was the most abundant fungal group. By means of the morphology of vegetative and reproductive structures of this fungus, the growth of in vitro cultures and phylogenetic analyzes, it was concluded that all the isolates belong to the Cladosporium cladosporioides complex, two species reported for the first time in Brazil and a new species be proposed. This study contributes to increasing the knowledge of the diversity of conidial fungi in aquatic environments in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and emphasizes the importance of exploring new habitats in mycological researches.
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22

RAIMUNDO, Gilcejania Maria. "Desenvolvimento do processo contínuo de produção de xaropes concentradores de açúcar invertido." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2003. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6837.

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A valorização de matérias biomássicas, vegetais tendo em vista aplicações industriais, particularmente, visando fins alimentícios, suscita iniciativas na direção do desenvolvimento de processos químicos e/ou bioquímicos que compatibilizem a disponibilidade e tratamento dessas matérias-primas possuidoras de conteúdo sacarídico. 0 fungo Cladosporium cladospoiloides, retém invertase no interior de suas células, sendo interessante o uso desta biomassa como suporte de imobilização natural para essa enzima, podendo construir o leito fixo de um reator do tipo torre. 0 objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da concentração do substrato e dos produtos na atividade enzimática, bem como a hidrólise enzimática da sacarose pela enzima auto-Imobilizada em reator de leito fixo. 20 gramas de células úmidas foram incubadas em reator tipo torre (15cm x I,5cm) a 60'C, sendo bombeada uma solução de substrato (100g/L) em fluxo ascendente (0,7mL/min). Os resultados revelaram que o biocatalisador apresenta uma eficiência de 35% de hidrólise nos primeiros 40 minutos, a partir de então essa eficiência cai para 20%, indicando possivelmente uma resistência difusional entre o substrato e a enzima
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23

Walker, Clair. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES DE Cladosporium E A REAÇÃO DE CULTIVARES DE NOGUEIRA-PECÃ." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3791.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The culture of pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] has presented greater economic importance in southern Brazil in recent decades, thus increasing the planted area, mainly in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) and Paraná (PR). However, despite the increasing growth of planted area, little research related to diseases in culture and breeding aimed at obtaining cultivars resistant to diseases, have been held in the country. The occurrence of leaf spot symptoms caused by Cladosporium spp. was observed in field in three southern states of Brazil. Given this observation, the general objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and molecular variability of Cladosporium spp. isolates associated with leaf spot in pecan, checking its distribution in southern Brazil, as well as selecting resistant cultivars as a way to control the disease. The specific objectives were established as follows: a) To identify the species of Cladosporium spp. causing leaf spot in pecan orchards coming from producing areas of the three southern states of Brazil; b) To verify the diversity and morphological and genetic variability, by sequencing elongation factor (TEF - 1α) region, isolates of Cladosporium spp. from pecan plants with symptoms of leaf spot; c) To select efficient morphological characters for separation of isolated groups according to the species to which they belong; d) To confirm the pathogenicity of Cladosporium spp., as well as quantify the incidence and severity of leaf spot in Shawnee‟ and Barton‟ cultivars. For this, leaf samples were taken in 16 symptomatic pecan orchards to the isolation of the pathogen in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. The isolates were characterized morphologically using mycelial growth, sporulation, colonies pigmentation, conidia and ramoconidia dimensions. These variables were used in the UPGMA analysis in which the isolates were grouped in a dendrogram according to genetic similarity and established characters that contributed most to the divergence. The analysis of 40 isolates by means of morphological and genetic analysis, sequencing of genes from the elongation factor TEF-1α confirmed that the species C. cladosporioides (21 isolates), C. pseudocladosporioides (18 isolates) and C. subuliforme (only one isolate) associated with leaf spot. The region of the elongation factor (TEF-1α) is efficient to identify and group the species associated with pecan included in the C. cladosporioides complex and sporulation is an important morphological characteristic to differentiate the species of Cladosporium spp. All 40 isolates were pathogenic to cultivars Barton‟ and Shawnee‟. The two cultivars were considered susceptible to leaf spot for the three species of Cladosporium spp. tested and there is susceptibility difference for C. pseudocladosporioides, where 'Shawnee' showed greater severity of disease in relation to 'Barton'.
A cultura da nogueira-pecã [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] tem apresentado maior importância econômica no sul do Brasil nas últimas décadas, aumentando assim a área plantada, principalmente nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Santa Catarina (SC) e Paraná (PR). No entanto, apesar do aumento crescente das áreas plantadas, poucas pesquisas relacionadas a doenças na cultura e ao melhoramento genético visando a obtenção de cultivares resistentes a doenças, têm sido realizadas no país. A ocorrência de sintomas de mancha foliar causada por Cladosporium spp. foi observada a campo nos três estados do sul do Brasil. Diante dessa observação, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi verificar a variabilidade morfológica e molecular de isolados de Cladosporium spp. associados à mancha foliar em nogueira-pecã, verificando sua distribuição na região sul do Brasil, bem como selecionar cultivares resistentes como forma de controle para a doença. Como objetivos específicos foram estabelecidos os seguintes: a) identificar as espécies de Cladosporium causadoras de mancha foliar em pomares de nogueira-pecã procedentes de regiões produtoras dos três estados do sul do Brasil; b) verificar a diversidade e a variabilidade morfológica e genética, através do sequenciamento da região do fator de elongação (TEF 1α), de isolados de Cladosporium spp. provenientes de plantas de nogueira-pecã com sintomas de mancha foliar; c) selecionar caracteres morfológicos eficientes para a separação dos isolados em grupos, de acordo com a espécie a que pertencem; d) confirmar a patogenicidade de isolados de Cladosporium spp., bem como quantificar a incidência e severidade da mancha foliar nas cultivares Barton‟ e Shawnee‟. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas de folhas sintomáticas em 16 pomares de nogueira-pecã para o isolamento do patógeno, nos estados do PR, SC e RS. Os isolados foram caracterizados morfologicamente através do crescimento micelial, esporulação, pigmentação das colônias, dimensões de conídios e ramoconídios. Essas variáveis foram utilizadas na análise UPGMA em que os isolados foram agrupados em um dendrograma de acordo com a similaridade genética e, estabelecidos os caracteres que mais contribuíram para a divergência. A análise dos 40 isolados através das características morfológicas e da análise genética, a partir do sequenciamento dos genes do fator de elongação TEF-1α, confirmaram as espécies C. cladosporioides (21 isolados), C. pseudocladosporioides (18 isolados) e C. subuliforme (apenas um isolado) associadas à mancha foliar. A região do fator de elongação (TEF-1α) é eficiente para identificar e agrupar as espécies associadas à nogueira-pecã incluídas no complexo C. cladosporioides e a esporulação é uma importante característica morfológica para diferenciar as espécies de Cladosporium spp. Todos os 40 isolados foram patogênicos às cultivares Barton‟ e Shawnee‟. As duas cultivares foram consideradas suscetíveis à mancha foliar para as três espécies de Cladosporium spp. testadas e existe diferença de suscetibilidade para C. pseudocladosporioides, onde a Shawnee‟ apresentou maior severidade da doença em relação a Barton‟.
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24

Pike, Marilyn J. "A study of mannitol and NADPH-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase of Cladosporium fulvum (Cooke)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301938.

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25

Ashfield, Thomas. "Induction of defence-related gene promoters during interactions between tomato and Cladosporium fulvum." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359321.

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26

Momesso, Luciano da Silva. "Estudo químico-biológico dos fungos endofíticos \'Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Pestalotiopsis guepini e Chaetomium globosum\'." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-21102008-225533/.

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Três fungos endofíticos isolados de Viguiera robusta (Asteraceae) foram cultivados em três meios de cultivo distintos (Czapek, arroz e extrato de malte) e também em culturas binárias em extrato de malte. Para a extração dos cultivos em extrato de malte foi utilizada a resina diaion HP-20, que promove a adsorção dos metabólitos produzidos pelo fungo, aumentando o rendimento dos extratos. Os extratos e frações obtidos foram submetidos à análise química por meio de técnicas cromatográficas e RMN 1H e a ensaios diversos biológicos para a comparação de seus perfis. O estudo químico do extrato de Chaetomium globosum (VR-10), cultivado em arroz, levou a isolamento da substância S1 (chaetoglobosina E), que apresenta elevada atividade citotóxica e é uma ferramenta importante em biologia química. Também de C. globosum foi isolado a substância S2 (dimetil-tereftalato), o qual já foi identificado como metabólito de fungo endofítico e também de planta. De Pestalotiopsis guepini (VR-8), cultivado em Czapek, foi isolada a substância S3 (tirosol), relatado na literatura como molécula sinalizadora em Candida albicans. Do fungo Cladosporium sphaerospermum (VR-2), após cultivo em arroz, foram isoladas três substâncias: marcfortina A (S4), a marcfortina B (S5) e a marcfortina C (S6) e (S7), substâncias com pronunciada atividade antiparasitária. Foi desenvolvido um método via CLAE-DAD-MS/MS para identificação rápida de derivados de marcfortina, o qual possibilitiou a identificação da substância S7 (marcfortina D) no extrato bruto de C. sphaerospermum. A análise conformacional da marcfortina A (S4) foi realizada através de experimentos de NOE-diff e técnicas de modelagem molecular. Os resultados obtidos nos bioensaios após diferentes cultivos dos fungos endofíticos indicaram que estes são fontes promissoras de substâncias bioativas, constituindo ferramentas importantes na busca por novos compostos.
Three endophytic fungi isolated from Viguiera robusta (Asteraceae) were cultivated in three different culture media (Czapek, rice and malt extract) and also in mixed cultures in the malt extract medium. Diaion HP-20 resin was used for the malt extract cultures extraction increasing the yields of the extracts. Extracts and fractions have been submitted to chemical analyses by chromatographic techniques and 1H NMR, and also to several bioassays for the comparison of their chemical and biological profiles. Chemical study of the rice culture extract from Chaetomium globosum (VR-10) gave the citotoxic compound S1 (chaetoglobosin E), an important chemical biology tool. C. globosum also led to the isolation of compound S2 (dimethyl-terephthalate), previously isolated from an endophytic fungus and also from plants. Compound S3 (tyrosol) has been isolated from the Czapek culture extract of Pestalotiopsis guepini (VR-8). Tyrosol has been reported as a quorum sensing molecule in Candida albicans. Three compounds have been isolated from Cladosporium sphaerospermum (VR-2) rice cuture extract: marcfortine A (S4), marcfortine B (S5) and marcfortine C (S6). Marcfortines have been reported as potent antiparasitic compounds. A HPLC-DAD-MS/MS was developed for the rapid identification of marcfortine derivatives, which allowed the identification of compound S7 (marcfortine D) in the crude extract from C. sphaerospermum. The conformational analysis of marcfortine A (S4) was carried out by NOE-diff experiments and molecular modeling techniques. Bioassays results showed that the endophytic fungi should be considered as promising sources of novel and bioactive compounds.
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Paula, Camila Gurgel Dantas de. "Atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial de cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle (citronela) e do fitoconstituinte citronelal sobre cladosporium carrionii." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8637.

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Dematiaceous, demaceous or dark fungi comprise a large, heterogeneous group of fungi that cause a variety of diseases, including feohifomycoses, cromoblastomycoses, mycetoma and allergies. Species of the genus Cladosporium are relevant in developing cromoblatomycoses, and stand out as plant contaminants. The toxicity of conventional antifungal and increased resistance to therapeutic regimens, driving the study of the antifungal activity of new alternatives, including natural sources. Given this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the In vitro antifungal activity of seven essential oils (Laurus nobilis L., Mentha arvensis, Mentha X piperita L., Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilicum L., Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle e Origanum vulgare) and the phytoconstituent citronellal on strains of dematiaceous fungi. In this study, the following methods were used: microbiological screening, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), kinetics of microbial death, inhibition of conidial germination and evaluation of morphological changes. Among the essential oils tested, the C. nardus essential oil demonstrated potent antifungal activity, inhibiting the growth of 83,3% of strains used. The Cymbopogon Nardus L. Rendle (citronella grass) belongs to the family Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae. The Cymbopogon genus consists of eighty-five species. C. nardus presents constitution of essential oil with two major compounds: the citronellal and geraniol. Citronellal is a monoterpene, predominantly formed by the secondary metabolism of plants. The essential oil of C. nardus had its MIC and MFC established at 64 mg / mL and the citronellal in 32 mg / mL. Both the essential oil of C. nardus as citronellal significantly inhibited the radial mycelial growth of the tested strains, the MIC concentrations, MICx2 and MICx4 after 12 days of exposure. In MIC50 concentrations (64 ug / ml- essential oil and 32μg / ml -citronellal) and MIC90 (128 ug / ml - 512μg essential oil and / ml - citronellal), were able to significantly inhibit the germination of fungal conidia from both strains tested. The determination of the effect of the essential oil of C. nardus and citronellal on the morphogenesis of C. carrionii strains showed that both were capable of inducing morphological changes, as development tortuous hyphae, fine and decreased conidiation in MIC concentrations, MICx2 and MICx4. Thus, it is concluded that the essential oil of C. nardus and its phytoconstituent citronellal showed pronounced antifungal activity against the strains of C. carrionii tested, what drives the study of its In vivo antifungal activity, as well as the search for pharmaceutical formulations to be used for the therapy of certain mycoses, especially those caused by dematiaceous fungi.
Fungos dematiáceos, demáceos ou escuros compõem um grupo grande e heterogêneo de fungos que causam uma variedade de doenças, incluindo feohifomicoses, cromoblastomicoses, micetomas e alergias. Espécies do gênero Cladosporium são relevantes no desenvolvimento de cromoblatomicoses, e se destacam como contaminantes de plantas. A toxicidade dos antifúngicos convencionais e o aumento da resistência aos esquemas terapêuticos utilizados impulsionam o estudo da atividade antifúngica de novas alternativas, incluindo as de fonte natural. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antifúngica In vitro de sete óleos essenciais (Laurus nobilis L., Mentha arvensis, Mentha X piperita L., Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilicum L., Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle e Origanum vulgare) e do fitoconstituinte citronelal sobre cepas de fungos dematiáceos. Neste estudo, os seguintes métodos foram utilizados: triagem microbiológica, determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Fungicida Mínima (CFM), cinética de morte microbiana, inibição da germinação de conídios e avaliação de alterações morfológicas. Dentre os óleos essenciais testados, o de C. nardus demonstrou uma potente atividade antifúngica, inibindo o crescimento de 83,3% das cepas de fungos demáceos utilizadas. O Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle (capim-citronela) pertence à família Poaceae, subfamília Panicoideae. O gênero Cymbopogon é constituído de oitenta e cinco espécies. O C. nardus apresenta constituição do óleo essencial com dois compostos majoritários: o citronelal e o geraniol. Citronelal é um monoterpeno, predominantemente formado pelo metabolismo secundário de plantas. O óleo essencial de C. nardus teve sua CIM e CFM estabelecidas em 64 μg/ mL e o citronelal em 32 μg/ mL. Tanto o óleo essencial de C. nardus quanto o citronelal inibiram de forma significativa o crescimento micelial radial das cepas testadas, nas concentrações CIM, CIMx2 e CIMx4, após 12 dias de exposição. Nas concentrações CIM50 (64 μg/ mL- óleo essencial e 32μg/mL -citronelal) e CIM90 (128 μg/mL - óleo essencial e 512μg/mL - citronelal), foram capazes de inibir de forma significativa a germinação dos conídios fúngicos de ambas as cepas testadas. A determinação do efeito do óleo essencial de C. nardus e do citronelal sobre a morfogênese das cepas de C. carrionii demonstrou que ambos foram capazes de induzir alterações morfológicas, como desenvolvimento de hifas tortuosas, finas e diminuição da conidiação, nas concentrações CIM, CIMx2 e CIMx4. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o óleo essencial de C. nardus e o seu fitoconstituinte citronelal mostraram pronunciada atividade antifúngica sobre as cepas de C. carrionii testadas, o que impulsiona o estudo de suas atividades antifúngicas In vivo, bem como a busca por formulações farmacêuticas a serem utilizadas para a terapia de algumas micoses, especialmente aquelas causadas por fungos demáceos.
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28

Caldas, Camila Pinheiro de Menezes. "Investigação do mecanismo da atividade antifúngica do monoterpeno citral frente a cepas de cladosporium spp e cladophialophora carrionii." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9079.

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Dematiaceous fungi are associated with superficial infections of the skin and soft tissues, and include sepsis with high mortality. The clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic importance given to the mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi drive studies aimed at discovering new antifungal agents. Among them the monoterpenes are distinguished and enjoy broad recognition of their antimicrobial effect. Citral is a monoterpene with known pharmacological properties, including antifungal action. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of this monoterpene, its possible mechanisms of action, and the effect of association with certain antifungals against Cladophialophora carrionii and Cladosporium spp, as well as to determine, through theoretical analysis, in silico, its pharmacokinetic profile and other possible pharmacological activities. Tests of antifungal activity were performed by microbiological screening of eight (8) phytochemicals; to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of citral by microdilution technique; measuring the radial mycelium growth at different time intervals; and measuring spore germination inhibition. The actions of citral on the fungal cell wall (Sorbitol assay), and the fungal cell membrane (ergosterol complexation) were also investigated. We also carried out in silico studies and rated the association effect of citral with antifungals (amphotericin B and voriconazole) using the checkerboard method. In microbiological screening, citral showed better antifungal activity against 10 tested strains, being selected to continue in antifungal research. The MIC of Citral ranged between 128 and 256 ug/ml for C. carrionii, and C. sphaerospermum. For C. oxysporum the MIC was 128 ug/ml for all three tested strains, and the MIC for C. cladoporioides was 64 ug/mL. The MFC of citral varied between 256 and 1024 ug/ml for C. carrionii and C. sphaerospermum, it was 256 ug/ml for C. oxysporum, and 128 ug/ml for C. cladoporioides. The results also showed that citral significantly inhibits mycelial growth and spore germination for the four species tested. In the mechanism of action investigation it was shown that the MIC values of citral against Cladosporium spp. and C. carrionii remained unchanged in the presence of 0.8 M sorbitol suggesting that this monoterpene does not act by inhibiting the synthesis of the fungal cell wall. However, the test results on the plasma membrane showed that citral interacts with ergosterol. In the in silico study, citral showed good oral bioavailability, as well as important pharmacological activities. The citral-voriconazole association was indifferent and the citral-amphotericin B association was antagonistic for all strains tested. From the results, it is suggested that citral acts on the Cladosporium spp. and C. carrionii membrane through a mechanism involve ergosterol complexation. The monoterpene is presented as a promising antifungal agent, in particular, for cases of mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi.
Fungos dematiáceos estão associados com infecções superficiais de pele e tecidos moles até sepse, com elevada mortalidade. A importância clínica, epidemiológica e terapêutica dispensada às micoses causadas por fungos dematiáceos impulsionam estudos que visam à descoberta de novos agentes antifúngicos. Entre eles os monoterpenos se destacam por possuírem amplo reconhecimento do seu efeito antimicrobiano. O citral é um monoterpeno com conhecidas propriedades farmacológicas, incluindo ação antifúngica. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a atividade antifúngica desse monoterpeno, seus possíveis mecanismos de ação, o efeito da associação com antifúngicos contra Cladophialophora carrionii e Cladosporium spp, bem como determinar, através de análise teórica, in silico, o seu perfil farmacocinético e outras possíveis atividades farmacológicas. Os ensaios da atividade antifúngica foram realizados por meio da triagem microbiológica de 8 fitoconstituíntes; determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração fungicida mínima (CFM) do citral pela técnica de microdiluição; medida do crescimento micelial radial em diferentes intervalos de tempo; inibição da germinação de conídios. A ação do citral sobre a parede celular fúngica (ensaio com Sorbitol) e sobre a membrana plasmática fúngica (complexação com o ergosterol) foram investigadas. Também foram realizados estudos in silico e avaliado o efeito da associação do citral com antifúngicos (anfotericina B e voriconazol) pelo método de checkerboard. Na triagem microbiológica o citral apresentou melhor atividade antifúngica contra as 10 cepas testadas, sendo selecionado para dar continuidade a investigação antifúngica. A CIM do citral variou entre 128 e 256 μg/mL para C. carrionii e C. sphaerospermum, para C. oxysporum a CIM foi de 128 para as três cepas testadas e a CIM de C. cladoporioides foi de 64 μg/mL. A CFM do citral variou entre 256 e 1024 μg/mL para C. carrionii e C. sphaerospermum, foi de 256 μg/mL para C. oxysporum e 128 μg/mL para C. cladosporioides. Os resultados também mostraram que o citral inibiu significativamente o desenvolvimento micelial e a germinação dos conídios das quatro espécies testadas. Na investigação do mecanismo de ação foi evidenciado que os valores de CIM de citral contra Cladosporium spp. e C. carrionii permaneceram inalterados na presença de sorbitol 0.8 M sugerindo que este monoterpeno não atua através da inibição da síntese da parede celular fúngica. Por outro lado, os resultados do ensaio sobre a membrana plasmática mostraram que o citral interage com o ergosterol. No estudo in silico, o citral demonstrou uma boa biodisponibilidade oral, bem como importantes atividades farmacológicas. A associação citral-voriconazol foi indiferente, enquanto citral-anfotericina B foi antagonista para todas as cepas testadas. Diante dos resultados, sugere-se que o citral atua sobre a membrana de Cladosporium spp e C. carrionii, por um mecanismo que envolve a complexação com o ergosterol. Dessa maneira, esse monoterpeno apresenta-se como promissor agente antifúngico, em especial em casos de micoses causadas por fungos dematiáceos.
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29

Sandoval, Denis Marcelo Patricio. "Filogenia y sensibilidad antifúngica de aislados clínicos de Acrophialophora, Cladosporium, Microascus, Scopulariopsis y Trichoderma." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334405.

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Les infeccions fúngiques són una de les causes de morbiditat i mortalitat més importants a nivell mundial. En els últims anys s’han descrit un gran nombre de gèneres i espècies com a agents d'infeccions oportunistes de difícil tractament i mal pronòstic. En el present estudi es van caracteritzar, morfològica i molecularment, 300 aïllats clínics dels gèneres de fongs oportunistes Acrophialophora, Cladosporium, Microascus, Scopulariopsis i Trichoderma. Es va determinar la diversitat d'espècies entre aquests aïllats i es van establir els perfils de sensibilitat antifúngica de les espècies més rellevants. A més de les espècies habitualment descrites en clínica, es van identificar per primera vegada des de mostres clíniques les espècies Acrophialophora levis, Cladosporium allicinum, C. asperulatum, C. funiculosum, C. flabelliforme, C. pseudocladosporioides, C. ramotenellum, C. subuliforme, C. tenuissimum, Microascus gracilis, Toxicocladosporium irritans, Trichoderma asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. erinaceus, T. gamsii, T. koningiopsis y T. sinuosum. A partir dels aïllats clínics es van descriure les següents noves espècies: Microascus alveolaris, M. brunneosporus, M. campaniformis, M. expansus, M. intricatus, M. restrictus, M. verrucosus, Scopulariopsis cordiae i Trichoderma bissettii. Es va revisar la taxonomia del gènere Acrophialophora i es va establir la seva posició taxonòmica a la família Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales, Sordariomycetes). Un cop confirmada la polifília de Microascus i Scopulariopsis, es van caracteritzar degudament com a gèneres separats, es va reintroduïr Pithoascus i es va descriure el nou gènere Pseudoscopulariopsis. Els estudis de sensibilitat van demostrar una activitat molt variable per a tots els antifúngics assajats, amb absència de patrons espècie/específics. Les equinocandines i els azols, principalment micafungina i voriconazol, van demostrar la millor activitat in vitro.
Las infecciones fúngicas son una de las causas de morbilidad y mortalidad más importantes a nivel mundial. En los últimos años, un gran número de géneros y especies han sido descritos como agentes de infecciones oportunistas de difícil tratamiento y mal pronóstico. En el presente estudio se caracterizaron, morfológica y molecularmente, 300 aislados clínicos pertenecientes a los géneros de hongos oportunistas Acrophialophora, Cladosporium, Microascus, Scopulariopsis y Trichoderma. Se determinó la diversidad de especies entre dichos aislados y se establecieron los perfiles de sensibilidad antifúngica de las especies más relevantes. Además de las especies comúnmente descritas en clínica, se identificaron por primera desde muestras clínicas las especies Acrophialophora levis, Cladosporium allicinum, C. asperulatum, C. funiculosum, C. flabelliforme, C. pseudocladosporioides, C. ramotenellum, C. subuliforme, C. tenuissimum, Microascus gracilis, Toxicocladosporium irritans, Trichoderma asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. erinaceus, T. gamsii, T. koningiopsis y T. sinuosum. A partir de los aislados clínicos se describieron las siguientes nuevas especies: Microascus alveolaris, M. brunneosporus, M. campaniformis, M. expansus, M. intricatus, M. restrictus, M. verrucosus, Scopulariopsis cordiae y Trichoderma bissettii. Se revisó la taxonomía del género Acrophialophora y se estableció su posición taxonómica en la familia Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales, Sordariomycetes). Una vez confirmada la polifilia de Microascus y Scopulariopsis, se caracterizaron debidamente como géneros separados, se reintrodujo Pithoascus y se describió el nuevo género Pseudoscopulariopsis. Los estudios de sensibilidad demostraron una actividad muy variable para todos los antifúngicos ensayados, con ausencia de patrones especie/específicos. Las equinocandinas y los azoles, principalmente micafungina y voriconazol, demostraron la mejor actividad in vitro.
Fungal infections are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, a large number of genera and species have been described as agents of opportunistic infections difficult to treat and with poor prognosis. In the present study we characterized morphologically and molecularly 300 clinical isolates belonging to the opportunistic fungal genera Acrophialophora, Cladosporium, Microascus, Scopulariopsis and Trichoderma. Species diversity among these isolates was determined and antifungal susceptibility profiles of the most important species were established. Besides the species commonly encountered, several species were recovered for the first time from clinical specimens, i.e, Acrophialophora levis, Cladosporium allicinum, C. asperulatum, C. funiculosum, C. flabelliforme, C. pseudocladosporioides, C. ramotenellum, C. subuliforme, C. tenuissimum, Microascus gracilis, Toxicocladosporium irritans, Trichoderma asperelloides, T. asperellum, T. erinaceus, T. gamsii, T. koningiopsis and T. sinuosum. From the clinical isolates the following new species were described: Microascus alveolaris, M. brunneosporus, M. campaniformis, M. expansus, M. intricatus, M. restrictus, M. verrucosus, Scopulariopsis cordiae y Trichoderma bissettii. The taxonomy of the genus Acrophialophora was revised and its final taxonomical position was found in Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales, Sordariomycetes). Once confirmed the polyphyly of Microascus and Scopulariopsis they were properly characterized as separate genera, Pithoascus was reintroduced and the new genera Pseudoscopulariopsis was described. Suceptibility assays showed a highly variable activity for all tested antifungals, no specific patterns were found. Azoles and echinocandins, mainly voriconazole and micafungin showed the best in vitro activity.
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30

Lu, Huogen. "The oxidative burst in tomato plants induced by race-specific elicitors of Cladosporium fulvum." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ35232.pdf.

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31

Soumporourou, Eleni. "Molecular and genetic interactions between Globodera pallida and Cladosporium fulvum with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446298.

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32

Богуцька, Наталя Казимирівна, Микола Нестерович Гарас, Наталя Казимирівна Хільчевська, and Лариса Вікторівна Колюбакіна. "Гіперчутливість до грибів цвілі (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus) в дітей, хворих на цілорічний алергійний риніт." Thesis, Буковинський державний медичний університет, 2011. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/3713.

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33

Sadyś, Magdalena. "Investigating and predicting atmospheric concentrations of allergenic fungal spores (Alternaria, Cladosporium, Didymella and Ganoderma)." Thesis, University of Worcester, 2014. http://eprints.worc.ac.uk/4168/.

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Air quality is an increasing concern of the European Union, local authorities, scientists and most of all inhabitants that become more aware of the quality of the surrounding environment. Bioaerosols may be consisted of various elements, and the most important are pollen grains, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses. More than 100 genera of fungal spores have been identified as potential allergens that cause immunological response in susceptible individuals. Alternaria and Cladosporium have been recognised as the most important fungal species responsible for respiratory tract diseases, such as asthma, eczema, rhinitis and chronic sinusitis. While a lot of attention has been given to these fungal species, a limited number of studies can be found on Didymella and Ganoderma, although their allergenic properties were proved clinically. Monitoring of allergenic fungal spore concentration in the air is therefore very important, and in particular at densely populated areas like Worcester, UK. In this thesis a five year spore data set was presented, which was collected using a 7-day volumetric spore trap, analysed with the aid of light microscopy, statistical tests and geographic information system techniques. Although Kruskal-Wallis test detected statistically significant differences between annual concentrations of all examined fungal spore types, specific patterns in their distribution were also found. Alternaria spores were present in the air between mid-May/mid-June until September-October with peak occurring in August. Cladosporium sporulated between mid-May and October, with maximum concentration recorded in July. Didymella spores were seen from June/July up to September, while peaks were found in August. Ganoderma produced spores for 6 months (May-October), and maximum concentration could be found in September. With respect to diurnal fluctuations, Alternaria peaked between 22:00h and 23:00h, Cladosporium 13:00-15:00h, Didymella 04:00-05:00h and 22:00h-23:00h and Ganoderma from 03:00h to 06:00h. Spatial analysis showed that sources of all fungal species were located in England, and there was no evidence for a long distance transport from the continent. The maximum concentration of spores was found several hours delayed in comparison to the approximate time of the spore release from the crops. This was in agreement with diurnal profiles of the spore concentration recorded in Worcester, UK. Spores of Alternaria, Didymella and Ganoderma revealed a regional origin, in contrast to Cladosporium, which sources were situated locally. Hence, the weather conditions registered locally did not exhibit strong statistically significant correlations with fungal spore concentrations. This has had also an impact on the performance of the forecasting models. The best model was obtained for Cladosporium with 66% of the accuracy.
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Mintz-Cole, Rachael A. "Mold Induced Asthma: Not all Molds are Created Equal." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353951649.

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35

Segers, Gerrit Cornelis. "Isolation and characterisation of fungal genes, expressed during the infection of tomato by Cladosporium fulvium." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302036.

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36

Rooney, Henrietta. "The roles of Rcr3 in Cf-2-mediated resistance to Cladosporium fulvum and in necrosis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410140.

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37

Santos, Helena Paula Aguiar Vicente dos. "Espectro de esporos de fungos alergisantes na atmosfera de Lisboa." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4103.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Spectrum of allergenic fungal spores in the atmosphere of Lisbon Outdoor airborne fungal spores may cause respiratory allergic diseases in humans. The genera Alternaria and Cladosporium are referred by several authors as the most common and prevalent allergenic fungi distributed in atmosphere. Monitoring of these fungi and the knowledge on the influence of climate on their distribution and abundance are important contributions to the elaboration of calendars of occurrence. The present work aimed at analyzing the seasonal variation in the concentration of spores of both fungal species and establishing relationships between meteorological parameters and their dynamics. The samples were collected in the city of Lisbon, between February 2009 and February 2011, with a volumetric Hirst-type trap. The assessment of effects of meteorological parameters was determined through multiple linear regression and application of the AIC criteria. Results confirmed the permanence of both fungi with a distinct predominance for Cladosporium. The highest concentrations of spores occurred in the months of June and July. Temperature and relative humidity of atmosphere were found to be the parameters best correlated with the abundance of those fungal spores in the atmosphere. Continuing of studies of this kind was considered to be recommendable to improve knowledge on the occurrence of these fungal spores in atmosphere.
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Rufino, Joana da Silva. "Tratamentos pós-colheita não químicos: biocontrolo e calor na conservação de pera Rocha inteira e na aptidão para processamento." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8264.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Integration of biocontrol and heat treatment (40 C / 40 min) as non-chemical alternatives to Rocha pear postharvest storage and respective effects to pulp production were evaluated. From native microflora characterization, counts up to 5x104cfu.g-1 in yeasts and moulds (Y&M) and aerobic microorganisms at 30 °C were found and Cladosporium sp. was identified as the dominant pathogen in Rocha pear at harvest. The lack of effects from the commercial antagonist Blossom Protect™™ (Aureobasidium pullulans,108 cfu.g-1) against Cladosporium sp. during tested storage conditions (7 °C, 60 days) were countered by in vitro results where inhibitions up to 80% were found with 108cfu.g-1 viable cells. Heat treatment application proved to effectively control (100%) postharvest rot caused by Penicillium expansum, found to be the dominant fungi under simulated postharvest conditions. Treatment combination did not introduced additional effects to the found efficiency. To Rocha pear pulp production, the introduction of the heat treatment as a raw material decontamination operation demonstrated to significantly reduce initial Y&M contamination. These results suggest that the heat treatment is an efficient eco-friendly alternative to the widespread use of sodium hypochlorite. However, the heat treatment had no inhibitory effect over excessive colour changes occurring after cut and smash operations
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Menezes, Camilla Pinheiro de. "Atividade antifúngica in vitro do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. (ERVA-CIDREIRA) SOBRE Cladosporium carrionii." Universidade Federal da Paraí­ba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6752.

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The genus includes many species of Cladosporium fungi and opportunistic dematiaceous contaminants being found in diverse environments. Cladosporium carrionii is considered the most important pathogenic species of this genus due to the numerous cases of disease caused by this fungus in the world, being an agent of chromoblastomycosis, feohifomicoses and allergies. The increased resistance to antifungal agents available and their toxicity lead to search for new antifungals, more effective and less toxic. In this context, this study aimed to identify the components of the essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. and investigate their antifungal activity in vitro against strains of Cladosporium carrionii. The chemical composition of the oil was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Assays of antifungal activity were performed by microbiological screening by diffusion technique in solid medium; determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microdilution; minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC); measure radial growth at different time intervals; Inhibition of conidial germination and assessment of morphological changes in the presence of the essential oil. The results of GC-MS showed 4 major components, being geranial (52%) the major constituent, followed by the citral (38.90%), trans-β-caryophyllene (1.22%) and germacrene D (0.84%), in descending order of percentage. In antifungal activity assays, the essential oil of M. officinalis inhibited the growth of 100% of the strains of C. carrionii tested, and its MIC and MFC established at 256 mg / mL, and is considered a product with strong antifungal activity. Was able to induce radial mycelial growth inhibition from the concentration of 128 mg / ml (MIC/2), and the concentrations MICX2 and MICX4, there was complete inhibition of the growth. It was also observed significant inhibition of conidial germination in all concentrations compared to control (p <0.05), those potentiated inhibition with increased concentration so that the concentration was MICX2 100% inhibition of germination of conidia counted. Furthermore, morphological changes such as decreased conidiation and structural changes in hyphae were observed in the strains tested, after exposure to oil concentrations MIC/2, MIC and MICX2. Given the foregoing, it is concluded that the essential oil of M. officinalis has a significant antifungal activity against strains of C. carrionii, representing a new possibility in the arsenal of products for treatment of mycoses caused by Cladosporium carrionii.
O gênero Cladosporium abrange muitas espécies de fungos contaminantes e oportunistas dematiáceos, sendo encontrados em diversos ambientes. Cladosporium carrionii é considerada a espécie patogênica mais importante desse gênero, devido aos inúmeros casos de doenças causadas por este fungo em todo o mundo, sendo agente da cromoblastomicose, feo-hifomicoses e quadros alérgicos. O aumento da resistência aos antifúngicos disponíveis e a sua toxicidade levam a busca por novos antifúngicos, mais eficazes e menos tóxicos. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os componentes do óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. e investigar sua atividade antifúngica, in vitro, sobre cepas de Cladosporium carrionii. A análise da composição química do óleo foi realizada por cromatografia a gás acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas (CG-EM). Os ensaios da atividade antifúngica foram realizados por meio da triagem microbiológica pela técnica de difusão em meio sólido; determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) pela técnica de microdiluição; concentração fungicida mínima (CFM); medida do crescimento radial em diferentes intervalos de tempo; inibição da germinação de conídios e avaliação das alterações morfológicas na presença do óleo essencial. Os resultados da CG-EM mostraram 4 componentes principais, sendo o geranial (52 %) o constituinte majoritário, seguido do citral (38,90 %), trans β-cariofileno (1,22 %) e germacrene D (0,84 %), em ordem decrescente de percentual. Nos ensaios de atividade antifúngica, o óleo essencial de M. officinalis inibiu o crescimento de 100 % das cepas de C. carrionii ensaiadas, tendo sua CIM e CFM estabelecidas em 256 μg/mL, sendo considerado um produto com forte atividade antifúngica. Foi capaz de induzir inibição do crescimento micelial radial a partir da concentração de 128 μg/mL (CIM/2), e nas concentrações CIMX2 e CIMX4, houve inibição total deste crescimento. Também foi observada inibição significante da germinação de conídios, em todas as concentrações testadas, quando comparados ao controle (p<0,05), sendo estas inibições potencializadas com o aumento da concentração, de modo que na concentração CIMX2 houve inibição de 100% da germinação dos conídios contados. Além disso, alterações morfológicas como diminuição da conidiação e alterações estruturais nas hifas foram observadas nas cepas ensaiadas, após a exposição ao óleo nas concentrações CIM/2, CIM e CIMX2. Diante do exposto, conclui-se que o óleo essencial de M. officinalis apresenta importante atividade antifúngica contra cepas de C. carrionii, representando uma nova possibilidade no arsenal de produtos para terapêutica das micoses causadas por Cladosporium carrionii.
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40

Astill, Mohamed Nafa. "The effect of nitrogen form and supply rate on the interaction between 'Cladosporium fulvum' and tomato." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427249.

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41

Iturrieta, González Isabel. "Identification and phylogeny of clinical and environmental isolates of Alternaria, Cladosporium and other genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670929.

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La present tesi s’ha centrat en l’estudi de la diversitat d’espècies i la taxonomia dels gèneres Alternaria i Cladosporium, així com d’altres gèneres d’hifomicets dematiàcis morfològicament similars. S’han estudiat un total de 589 aïllats; 56 d’origen clínic i 533 de mostres mediambientals (204 de fem, 200 de sòl, 129 de restes vegetals) recollides a en territori espanyol, però també a Indonèsia, Mèxic i Vietnam. Els gèneres objecte de la nostra recerca es consideren taxonòmicament complexos a causa de les dificultats en identificar les seves espècies utilitzant només trets morfològics. L’espectre real de la diversitat d’espècies associada a un substrat particular només es coneix si s’utilitzen estudis moleculars basats en anàlisis de seqüències de marcadors filogenètics apropiats pel reconeixement d’espècies. La caracterització fenotípica dels aïllats i anàlisis de seqüències de les regions ITS i LSU de l'ADN ribosòmic, així com de regions de gens que codifiquen proteïnes, com la l’actina, ATPasa, gliceraldehid-3-fosfat deshidrogenasa, factor d'elongació, RNA polimerasa II i β- tubulina), segons el gènere estudiat, ens ha permes identificar: 39 espècies Alternaria, incloent 13 de noves per a la ciència i 11 espècies filogèniques no descrites, encara en caracterització; 45 espècies de Cladosporium, incloses set noves espècies i una espècie filogenètica encara en estudi; 10 espècies de Curvularia, tres proposades com a noves; el nou gènere Neodendryphiella amb tres espècies noves; dues noves espècies de Pseudopenidiella, a mens de cinc fongs nous pertanyents a Apenidiella, Cyphellophora, Heliocephala, Matsushimaea i Venturia. Entre les noves Alternaria, tres han resultat ser agents de l’alternarosi cutània (A. anthropophila, A. atrobrunnea i A. guarroi). S’ha observat una gran diversitat d’espècies, en els aïllats d’Alternaria i Cladosporium de fonts mediambientals, però la femta d’herbívors ha estat el substrat on s’han recuperar més espècies noves o rares, concloent que aquest és un excel·lent reservori d’hifomicets interessants.
La presente tesis se enfocó en el studio de diversidad y taxonomía de los géneros Alternaria y Cladosporium, pero también de otros hifomicetos dematiáceos pertenecientes a géneros morfológicamente similares. Se estudió un total de 589 aislados; 56 de origen clínico y 533 de muestras ambientales (204 de heces de herbívoros, 200 de suelo, 129 de material vegetal) colectadas en España, México y Vietnam. Los géneros que fueron objeto de nuestra investigación son considerados taxonómicamente complejos, debido a la dificultad en la clasificación de sus especies cuando únicamente rasgos morfológicos son usados. El real espectro de especies asociado a un determinado sustrato solo es conocido si estudios moleculares basados en análisis de secuencia de marcadores filogenéticos apropiados son usados. La caracterización fenotípica de los aislados y análisis de secuencia de ITS y LSU del ADN ribosómico, así como de regiones parciales de genes codificantes de proteínas como actina, ATPasa, Gliceraldehído 3-fosfato deshidrogenasa, factor de elongación ARN polimerasa II y β-tubulina, dependiendo del género estudiado, nos permitió identificar: 39 especies de Alternaria spp., incluyendo 13 nuevas especies descritas y 11 no descritas, aún en proceso de caracterización; 45 especies de Cladosporium spp., incluyendo 7 nuevas especies y una no descrita, aún en estudio; 10 especies de Curvularia spp. siendo tres propuestas como nuevas; el nuevo género Neodendryphiella con tres nuevas especies; dos nuevas especies en Pseudopenidiella y cinco clasificadas en Apenidiella, Cyphellophora, Heliocephala, Matsushimaea y Venturia. Es de notar que entre las nuevas especies de Alternaria propuestas, tres fueron probadas como agentes de alternariosis cutánea humana (A. anthropophila, A. atrobrunnea y A. guarroi). Observamos entre los aislados de origen ambiental una alta diversidad en Alternaria y Cladosporium, sin embargo, heces de herbívoros fue el sustrato que permitió recuperar un mayor número de nuevos o raros taxones, concluyendo que es un excelente reservorio de hifomicetos interesantes.
The present thesis was focused on the study of species diversity and taxonomy of the genera Alternaria and Cladosporium, but also of other dematiaceous hyphomycetes belonging to morphologically similar genera. A total of 589 isolates were studied; 56 from clinical origin and 533 from environmental samples (204 from herbivore dung, 200 from soil, 129 from plant debris) collected in Spain, but also in Mexico, and Vietnam. The genera aimed of our research are considered taxonomically complex, due to the difficulties in the classification of their species using only morphological traits. The real spectrum of species diversity associated to a particular substrate is only known if molecular studies based on sequence analyses of appropriate phylogenetic markers are used for species recognition. Phenotypic characterization of the isolates and sequence analyses of ITS and LSU barcodes of the ribosomal DNA, as well as of the partial regions of protein encoding genes as actin, ATPase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, elongation factor, RNA polymerase II and β-tubulin, depending on the genus studied, allowed us to identify: 39 Alternaria species, including 13 new described for science and 11 undescribed phylogenetic species, still under characterization; 45 Cladosporium species, including seven new species and one undescribed species still under study; 10 Curvularia species, three proposed as new; the new genus Neodendryphiella with three novel species; two new species in the genus Pseudopenidiella and five more novel fungi classified in Apenidiella, Cyphellophora, Heliocephala, Matsushimaea, and Venturia. Of note is that among the new Alternaria, three proved to be agents of human cutaneous alternariosis (A. anthropophila, A. atrobrunnea and A. guarroi). We observed a high species diversity in both Alternaria and Cladosporium isolates from environmental sources, but herbivore dung was the substrate where more novel or rare taxa were recovered, concluding that it is an excellent reservoir of interesting hyphomycetes.
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Seixas, Claudine Dinali Santos. "Controle biológico de Miconia calvescens DC (Melastomataceae) com fitopatógenos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2002. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10104.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Miconia calvescens é uma planta da família Melastomataceae nativa das Américas do Sul e Central que se tornou uma invasora agressiva no Taiti e Havaí. Objetivou-se determinar a patobiota associada a Miconia calvescens e gerar informações úteis para a avaliação, seleção e manipulação de potenciais agentes de controle biológico desta planta invasora. No levantamento realizado nos Estados de Minas Gerais, Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, no Brasil, e em algumas regiões da Costa Rica e do Equador, foram encontradas 11 espécies fúngicas, sendo que duas ainda não descritas: Guignardia miconiae (causando mancha de piche) e Korunomyces prostratum (causando queima foliar). Além destas foram identificados: Coccodiella miconiae (agente da acne negra), Glomerella cingulata, Corticium sp., Melanconium sp., Myrothecium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phomopsis sp., Phyllachora sp., Pseudocercospora tamonae e Pythium sp. Um nematóide (Ditylenchus drepanocercus – causador da mancha angular) e um fitoplasma (causador de envassouramento) foram também encontrados e estudados. Entre os fungos com maior potencial para biocontrole, destaca-se Coccodiella miconiae, que foi estudado para elucidação de aspectos relacionados com a sua biologia e determinação da influência de fatores meteorológicos sobre a intensidade da doença no campo. Testaram-se diferentes métodos de inoculação artificial; estudaram-se a ejeção e a germinação de ascósporos sob diferentes temperaturas; métodos de preservação de folhas infectadas e controle químico do micoparasita Sagenomella sp. Em Dionísio-MG e em Viçosa-MG, ramos e folhas de M. calvescens foram marcados para avaliar a incidência e severidade da doença sob influência dos fatores meteorológicos. Também foram registradas as incidências do anamorfo (Hemidothis sp.) e de micoparasitas sobre estromas de C. miconiae. Dentre os métodos de inoculação testados nenhum resultou em sintomas de acne negra em plantas de M. calvescens. A liberação de ascósporos ocorreu entre 5 a 35 o C, mas foi maior a 25 a 35 o C, e a germinação foi fa vorecida por temperaturas de 20 a 22 o C, luz e água livre. A germinação de ascósporos aumentou quando os estromas foram pré-acondicionados a 5 o C por 2 dias. Material infectado mantido a 10 o C por no máximo 6 dias ainda se manteve viável e com bom nível de germinação de ascósporos. A doença ocorreu o ano todo nas duas localidades avaliadas. Em Viçosa-MG, a incidência não se correlacionou com nenhuma das variáveis climáticas estimadas (temperatura, umidade relativa e precipitação) e a severidade se correlaciono u negativamente com a temperatura. Em Dionísio-MG, a incidência correlacionou-se negativamente com a temperatura. Tanto o anamorfo quanto os hiperparasitas ocorreram durante todo o período avaliado, mas a incidência de ambos não se correlacionou com nenhuma das variáveis climáticas. O cloro foi o produto mais eficiente para o controle do hiperparasita Sagenomella sp., mas foi deletério a Coccodiella miconiae também. Além de Sagenomella alba var.nov. synematosa foram observados, no campo, os seguintes micoparasitas: Sagenomella dimorphica sp.nov.; Cladosporium oxysporum; Corynespora cassiicola; Redbia annulata sp.nov. e Paranectriella juruana. A mancha angular causada por um nematóide foi observada no Brasil, Costa Rica e Equador. O nematóide foi identificado como Ditylenchus drepanocercus. Indivíduos de ambos os sexos possuem um apêndice na extremidade da cauda em forma de foice. Os nematóides ficam alojados no parênquima lacunoso, cujas células aumentam de 7 a 13 vezes de tamanho. Dentre três métodos artificiais, atomização de suspensão contendo indivíduos de diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento sobre folhas feridas previamente destacou-se como o método mais eficiente para inoculação do nematóide. Plantas de M. calvescens apresentaram sintomas da mancha angular 20 dias após a inoculação. A doença ocorreu durante os 12 meses de avaliação em Viçosa-MG e Dionísio-MG. Em Viçosa, a incidência não se correlacionou com nenhuma das variáveis meteorológicas. Em Dionísio, a incidência correlacionou-se positivamente com a umidade relativa e com a temperatura. No teste de gama de hospedeiros, 107 espécies de plantas foram testadas. Além de M. calvescens, o nematóide foi detectado em M. prasina e M. phanerostila. A presença de um fitoplasma associado às plantas apresenta ndo sintomas de envassouramento foi confirmada por exame de diversas amostras em microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Tanto Coccodiella miconiae, quanto Ditylenchus drepanocercus, mostraram bom potencial como agentes de biocontrole, mas alguns obstáculos, tais como, verificação da existência de especialização fisiológica nos dois patossistemas; método de preservação de inóculo e estudos mais completos sobre a especificidade do nematóide; método de inoculação e condições de incubação mais adequados para C. miconiae, ainda têm que ser superados antes de uma eventual introdução em ambiente exótico .
Miconia calvescens of Melastomataceae family is native of Central and South America and has become an aggressive invader in Haiti and Hawaii. This work was done to find pathogenic biota associated with this plant and generate information that will be useful for evaluation, selection and manipulation of potential biocontrol agents of this plant. In the surveys done in the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Espirito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and some regions of Costa Rica and Ecuador, 11 fungal species were found. These included two undescribed species, Guignardia miconiae (causing tar spot) and Korunomyces prostratum (causing foliar blight). Other described species were: Coccodiella miconiae (black blister), Glomerella cingulata, Corticium sp., Melanconium sp., Myrothecium sp., Pestalotiospsis sp., Phomopsis sp., Pseudocercospora tamonae and Pythium sp. One nematode (Ditylenchus drepanocercus - causing angular leaf spot) and a phytoplasm (causing witch's broom) were also found and studied. Among the fungi C. miconiae showed maximum biocontrol potential, therefore was studied for elucidation of aspects related to its biology and meteorological factors affecting disease intensity in field. Methods of inoculation, ascospore ejection and germination under different temperatures, methods for preservation of infected leaves and chemical control of mycoparasite Sagenomella sp. were elaborated. In Dionisio- MG and Viçosa- MG, branches and leaves of M. calvescens were marked to evaluate incidence and severity of the disease under the influence of climatic factors. Incidence of anamorph (Hemidothis sp.) and of the mycoparasites on the stroma also was recorded. None of the inoculation method tested produced black blister symptom in M. calvescens plants. The ascospore liberation occurred between the 5 and 35 o C but was higher at 25 to 35 o C, and their germination was favored by light and free water at 20 to 22 o C. The ascospores germination increased if stroma was stored at 5 o C for 2 days. Infected material stored at 10 o C for a maximum of 6-day period remained viable with good proportion of ascospore germination. The disease occurred throughout the year in the both the localities. Disease incidence in Viçosa- MG it did not correlate to any evaluated climatic variable (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation) but the severity negatively correlated to temperature, however in Dionisio-MG the disease incidence negatively correlated to temperature. The anamorph and the hyperparasites occurred during the entire evaluation period, without any correlation to climatic variables. Chlorine was most effective in controlling the Sagenomella sp., but also was detrimental to C. miconiae. Besides Sagenomella alba var. nov. synematosa, following mycoparasites were observed in field: S. dimorphica sp. nov.; Cladosporium oxysporum; Corynospora cassiicola; Redbia annulata sp. nov. and Paranectriella juruana. The angular leaf spot caused by the nematode D. drepanocercus was observed in Brazil, Costa Rica and Ecuador. The individuals of both the sexes this species have a sickle shaped appendix on the tail end. The nematode lodged in the lacunose parenchyma whose cell size increased by 7 to 13 times. Among the three methods of inoculation tested, spraying pre-wounded leaves with a suspension containing individuals of different developmental stages was most efficient. The angular leaf spot symptoms appeared 20 days after inoculation The disease in field occurred during the entire 12-month evaluation period in Viçosa-MG and Dionisio-MG. In Viçosa, the disease incidence did not correlate to any climatic variable but in Dionisio it correlated positively to relative humidity and temperature. One hundred and seven plant species were tested to determine host range, and the nematode was detected in M. prasina and M. phanerostila. Presence of a phytoplasm in plants with witch's broom symptoms was confirmed in many samples examined by transmission electronic microscope. Coccodiella miconiae and D. drepanocercus appear to have good potential as biocontrol agents of M.calvescens, but aspects such as, physiological specialization in both the pathosystems; inoculum preservation, specificity of the nematode; appropriate inoculation method and incubation conditions for C. miconiae, need to be elucidated before eventual introduction into an exotic ecosystem.
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Johnson, Hannah. "Hydrogen peroxide (Hâ‚‚Oâ‚‚) tolerant Cladosporium fulvum mutants and the role of Hâ‚‚Oâ‚‚ in plant defence." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409129.

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Paic, Lacaze Isabelle. "Etude des mécanismes de colonisation des produits de construction par les micromycètes." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC047.

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Une campagne nationale réalisée par l'Observatoire de la Qualité de l'Air Intérieur (2008), a mis en évidence que 15 % des logements du parc immobilier français présentaient une contamination fongique visible. Malgré ce constat alarmant et les nombreuses études traitant des impacts sur les occupants et le bâti, les connaissances concernant les mécanismes de colonisation fongique des produits de construction dans les environnements intérieurs restent limitées. Ces biocontaminants ainsi que leurs métabolites peuvent être à l'origine de symptômes voire de pathologies (irritations, infections, toxi-infections, allergies) chez les personnes exposées. Concernant l'aspect biodétérioration des matériaux, de nombreux travaux ont mis en évidence le rôle des produits de construction et de décoration comme « niche écologique» fournissant, par leur composition même ou leur encrassement, les nutriments nécessaires au développement des moisissures. A ce jour, les seuls moyens de lutte proposés par les fabricants contre cette croissance fongique délétère consistent, au-delà des bonnes pratiques de mise en oeuvre des produits, en l'introduction de substances biocides dans la matrice. Pour autant, l'efficacité et l'innocuité, voire la pérennité de ces traitements sont rarement renseignées. Dans ce contexte, l'objet de ce projet de recherche a consisté à étudier la dynamique de colonisation fongique des produits de construction et de décoration, afin d'identifier des leviers d'action permettant de ralentir voire limiter la croissance des moisissures sur ces supports. A cet effet, après contamination des supports via l'« air tout-venant », les communautés microbiennes ont été caractérisées au cours du temps, dans deux contextes simulants des désordres thermo-hydriques. Les résultats ont mis en évidence une micro-biodiversité abondante sur les supports, ne se limitant pas à la présence des moisissures. Des successions de micromycètes ont été précisés. Elles peuvent en partie être expliquées par des différences de vitesses de croissance et une évolution des conditions environnementales (nutriments, humidité). Cependant, il semble que les antagonismes entre espèces jouent un rôle majeur dans cette dynamique de colonisation. En effet, les micromycètes en compétition sur les substrats produisent des métabolites diffusibles ou volatils, tels des mycotoxines ou COV. Par conséquent, le processus de colonisation a été étudié d'un point de vue moléculaire. Les métabolites volatils d'un consortium de micromycètes ont été caractérisés lors du développement individuel ou en co-culture des espèces, dans des conditions expérimentales maîtrisées. Les émissions volatiles associées aux micromycètes sont dépendantes de l'espèce, des conditions nutritionnelles, mais également du contexte biotique dans lequel ils évoluent. Cette meilleure compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu lors de la colonisation, permettra di développer des alternatives bio-inspirées pour limiter le développement fongique
A national campaign realized by the Indoor Air Quality Observatory (OQAI) in 2008, showed that 15% of French dwellings presented a visible fungal contamination. Despite this alarming statement and many studies of impacts on occupants and on structures, knowledge on fungal colonization mechanisms of building materials in indoor environments is limited. These bio-contaminants and their metabolites may cause symptoms or pathologies (irritation, infection, poisoning, allergies) in exposed individuals. Regarding materials' biodeterioration aspect, numerous studies have highlighted the role of construction and decoration products as "ecological niche" providing, with their composition or contamination, nutrients for mold growth. To date, the only way to control this harmful fungal growth, offered by manufacturers, consists in, beyond the good practices of implementation of products, the introduction of biocidal substances in the matrix. However, efficiency, safety and sustainability of these treatments are rarely indicated. In this context, the purpose of this research was to study the dynamics of fungal colonization of construction and decoration products, to identify levers to slow or limit mold growth on it. To this end, alter contamination of building materials via "indoor air", microbial communities have been characterized over time in two contexts simulating thermo-hydric disorders. Outcomes showed an abundant micro-biodiversity on products, and it was not limited to the presence of mold. Micromycetes successions were specified. They cm be partly explained by differences in growth rates and changing environmental conditions (nutrients, moisture). However, it seems that antagonisms between species play a major role in this process of colonization. Indeed, microfungi in competition on the substrates produce diffusible or volatile metabolites, such as mycotoxins and/or VOCs. Therefore, colonization process has been studied from a molecular point of view. Volatile metabolites produced by micromycetes consortium were characterized during their individualor co-cultured development, under controlled conditions. Volatile emissions associated with micromycetes depend on species, nutritional conditions, but also biotic context in which they grow. This better knowledge of colonization mechanisms will enable to develop bio-inspire alternatives to limit fungal growth
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Raymondaud, Hubert. "La tavelure du mirabellier : étude biologique et épidémiologique de Cladosporium carpophilum et mise au point d'une méthode de lutte raisonnée." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10413.

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L'étude de la symptomatologie montre que les taches sur rameau sporulent dans la première quinzaine de mai. Les caractéristiques de croissance et de morphologie du champignon sont étudiées. Les facteurs influençant la sporulation sont la température et l'humidité relative. Des essais de lutte raisonnée montrent que les traitements les plus précoces, visant la protection des feuilles afin de diminuer l'inoculum, sont les plus efficaces
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Raymondaud, Hubert. "La Tavelure du mirabellier étude biologique et épidémiologique de Cladosporium carpophilum et mise au point d'une méthode de lutte raisonnée /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617929g.

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Gerzson, Natália Dozza. "Estruturas da comunidade zooplanctônica em uma lagoa costeira subtropical dominada por cianobactérias." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/107278.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Florianópolis, 2013
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Colatto, Uéllen Lisoski Duarte. "Reação de progênies de maracujazeiro azedo à antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), à verrugose (Cladosporium herbarum) e à bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/7411.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2010.
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A cultura do maracujá é uma das mais importantes dentre as fruteiras cultivadas no Brasil, contudo apresenta sérios problemas fitossanitários. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resistência de progênies de maracujazeiro azedo à verrugose (Cladosporium herbarum), à antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) e à bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). Os experimentos foram realizados na Estação Experimental da Biologia, para a avaliação das progênies, em casa de vegetação, quanto à incidência e severidade às doenças antracnose e bacteriose e severidade a doença verrugose. No primeiro experimento foram usadas sementes coletadas na Fazenda Água Limpa. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos (progênies), 4 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela. Neste experimento, as progênies avaliadas foram famílias de meios irmãos dos seguintes materiais: MAR20#03, MAR20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, RC-3-0 e FP01. Neste experimento, as progênies MAR 20#03 e MAR 20#36 apresentaram as menores incidências da antracnose, com 87,30 % e 87,50 %. Contudo, na ultima avaliação, todas as progênies apresentaram a maior incidência para a doença, 100%. Todas as progênies apresentaram-se altamente suscetíveis (AS) a antracnose. No segundo experimento, as progênies avaliadas foram as seguintes: MAR, 20#03, 20#10, 20#12, 20#29, 20#36, 20#40, 20#44, 20#2005, GA2, RC 3-0, FP 01 e FB200. E as progênies usadas no terceiro experimento foram: MAR, 20#03, 20#09, 20#23, 20#36, 20#46, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, AR 02, RC 3-0, FP 01 e ECRAM. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com 12 tratamentos (progênies), 4 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela. No segundo experimento todas as progênies foram consideradas altamente suscetíveis (AS) a verrugose. No terceiro experimento, as progênies MAR 20#03 e MAR 20#46 se apresentaram como moderadamente resistentes a verrugose. As progênies MAR 20#23 e ECRAM se apresentaram como suscetíveis (S) a verrugose. As demais progênies foram consideradas altamente suscetíveis a verrugose. No quarto experimento foram usadas sementes coletadas na Fazenda Água Limpa. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com 24 tratamentos (progenies), 4 repetições e 6 plantas por parcela. Neste experimento, as progênies utilizadas foram: MAR 20#01, MAR20#03, MAR20#06, MAR 20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#15, MAR20#21, MAR20#23, MAR20#24, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#39, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#46, MAR20#49, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, RC 3-0, FP 01, Roxo Australiano, MSCA. Uma planta da progênie 20#23 foi considerada moderadamente suscetível (MS). Uma planta das progênies MAR 20#46, MAR 20#2005, GA 2 e duas plantas da progênies RC 3-0 foram consideradas suscetíveis (S). Nos terceiro e quarto experimentos foram usadas estacas coletadas da Fazenda Água Limpa. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The passion fruit is one the most important cultivated fruits in Brazil. However it has serious fitossanitary problems. This work was carried out in order to evaluate reaction to the the antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), verrugose (Cladosporium herbarum) e a bacteriose (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae) in the Federal District. The experiments were carried out in the Experimental Area of University of Brasilia to evaluate and select passion fruit progenies with resistance to the antracnosis, verrugosis and bacteriosis under greenhouse condictions. The first experiment used seeds (sexuality propagation) collected of the plants in the field of Água Limpa’s farm. It was used a experimental design in randomized block, with 12 treatments (progenies), 4 replications, in plots with 6 plants for replication The progenies used in this experiment were: selection MAR20#03, MAR20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, RC-3-0 and FP01. In this experiment, the progenies MAR 20#03 and MAR 20#36 showed the smallers incidences, 87,30 % and 87,50 % to the anatracnosis disease. However, in the last analysis, all the progenies showed the highest incidence to this disease, 100%. all the progenies were considerate highly susceptible to the antracnosis. The second and third experiments used stakes (assexuality propagation) collected in the field of Água Limpa’s farm. The progenies used in the second experiment were: MAR, 20#03, 20#10, 20#12, 20#29, 20#36, 20#40, 20#44, 20#2005, GA2, RC 3-0, FP 01 e FB200. And the progenies used in the third experiment were: MAR, 20#03, 20#09, 20#23, 20#36, 20#46, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, AR 02, RC 3-0, FP 01 e ECRAM. It was used a experimental design in randomized block, with 12 treatments (progenies), 4 replications, in plots with 6 plants for replication. In the third experiment all the progenies were highly susceptible to verrugosis. In the fourth experiment, the progenies MAR 20#03 and MAR 20#46 were moderately susceptible (MS) to verrugosis. The progenies MAR 20#23 and ECRAM were susceptible (S) to verrugosis. The others progenies were highly susceptible to verrugosis. The fourth experiment used the seeds collected of the plants in the field of Agua Limpa’s farm. It was used an experimental design in randomized blocks with 24 treatments (progenies), 4 replication, in plots with 6 plants. The progenies used were: MAR 20#01, MAR20#03, MAR20#06, MAR 20#10, MAR20#12, MAR20#15, MAR20#21, MAR20#23, MAR20#24, MAR20#29, MAR20#36, MAR20#39, MAR20#40, MAR20#44, MAR20#46, MAR20#49, MAR20#2005, GA 2, FB 200, AR 01, RC 3-0, FP 01, Roxo Australiano e MSCA. One plant of the progeny 20#23 were moderately susceptible (MS). One plant of the progenies MAR 20#46, MAR 20#2005, GA 2 and two plants of the progeny RC 3-0 were susceptible (S). The others progenies were considerate highly susceptible to the bacteriosis.
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Andrade, Jazmina Carolina Reyes. "Comparação da biossorção de Ce3+ e La3+ pelos fungos pigmentados Aspergillus nidulans (mutante MEL1) e Cladosporium sp. : Efeito do pré-tratamento da biomassa /." Araraquara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/166385.

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Orientadora: Sandra Regina Pombeiro Sponchiado
Banca: Mauricio Cesar Palmieri
Banca: Gustavo Rocha de Castro
Banca: Luis Augusto Martins Ruotolo
Banca: Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho
Resumo: A biossorção é considerada uma tecnologia eficiente, economicamente viável e ecologicamente sustentável comparada aos métodos convencionais para a remoção e recuperação de metais de alto valor agregado, como as terras-raras (TRs), presentes em efluentes industriais. No entanto, o grande desafio para o sucesso deste processo é selecionar um biossorvente com alto desempenho, seletividade, disponibilidade em grande quantidade e baixo custo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo avaliou a capacidade de biossorção dos elementos cério e lantânio pela biomassa pigmentada produzida pelos fungos Aspergillus nidulans (mutante MEL1) e Cladosporium sp. como também o efeito dos pré-tratamentos físicos e químicos. Dentre os biossorventes estudados, a biomassa de A. nidulans (mutante MEL1) foi selecionada por apresentar uma maior taxa de crescimento (37,5 mg L-1 h-1) como também uma capacidade de remoção para íons Ce3+ (27%) e La3+ (21%) superior ao Cladosporium sp. Os resultados referentes ao efeito dos pré-tratamentos mostraram que a biomassa pré-tratada com CaCl2 (0,5 mol L-1 à temperatura ambiente) exibiu uma maior capacidade biossortiva para Ce3+ (qmax = 76,92 mg g-1), enquanto que a biomassa pré-tratada com NaOH (0,2 mol L-1 à temperatura ambiente) apresentou maior biossorção para La3+ (qmax = 96,15 mg g-1). Em relação a manutenção do pH em 5,1 durante o processo de biossorção foi observado um aumento de 33% e 20% na capacidade biossortiva de Ce3+ e La3+ respectivamente, em comparação ao ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Biosorption is considered to be an efficient, economically viable and ecologically sustainable technology compared to conventional methods for the removal and recovery of high value - added metals, such as rare earths (TRs), present in industrial effluents. However, the major challenge for the success of this process is to select a biosorbent with high performance, selectivity, availability in large quantity and low cost. In this context, the present study evaluated the biosorption capacity of the cerium and lanthanum elements by the pigmented biomass produced by the fungi Aspergillus nidulans (MEL1 mutant) and Cladosporium sp . as well as the effect of physical and chemical pre - treatments. Among the biosorbents studied, A. nidulans biomass (MEL1 mutant) was select ed because it presented a high growth rate (37.5 mg L - 1 h - 1 ) as well as a higher removal capacity for Ce 3+ (27%) and La 3+ (21%) than Cladosporium sp . The results sh owed that the free biomass pretreated with CaCl 2 (0.5 mol L - 1 at environment temperature) showed higher biosortive capacity for Ce 3+ (q max = 76.92 mg g - 1 ), while the biomass pretreated with NaOH (0.2 mol L - 1 at environment temperature) presented higher biosorption for La 3+ (qmax = 96.15 mg g - 1 ). In relation to the maintenance of pH in 5.1 during the biosorption process, a 33% and 20% increase in the bioso rtive capacity of Ce 3+ and La 3+, respectively, was obse rved, compared to the process without pH adjustment. With the chara... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Martins, Otávia de Almeida. "Fungos anemófilos e leveduras isolados em ambientes de laboratórios de microbiologia em Instituição de Ensino Superior." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2016. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3607.

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Os fungos presentes no ar atmosférico são denominados anemófilos, sendo este habitat o meio de dispersão mais utilizado por esses microrganismos, que possuem a capacidade de colonizar diferentes substratos de forma singular e eficiente. Assim, dificilmente pode existir ambiente livre de contaminação fúngica. As concentrações de fungos no ambiente sofrem influências de diversos fatores, incluindo variáveis ambientais e fatores físicos que podem aumentar a quantidade de propágulos no ambiente. Os fungos anemófilos podem causar problemas como a deterioração de materiais, alergias, intoxicações e infecções. Assim, a presença desses microrganismos em laboratórios de microbiologia pode causar grandes problemas econômicos, de qualidade diagnóstica e relacionados à pesquisa, além das possibilidades de causar prejuízo à saúde das pessoas que trabalham no local. Ao fazer-se uso das normas de biossegurança, o monitoramento de fungos torna-se, então, necessário para um adequado controle ambiental, evitando assim contaminações e infecções. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar o isolamento e identificação da microbiota fúngica ambiental presente em nove laboratórios de ensino, pesquisa e extensão da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) durante o período de fevereiro a novembro de 2015, abrangendo as quatro estações. A técnica utilizada foi de sedimentação em placa de Petri contendo meio Ágar Sabouraud dextrose com adição de cloranfenical. Durante o estudo foram coletadas 228 placas mensais provenientes de coletas semanais dos nove laboratórios totalizando 912 placas no final do experimento, das quais foram isoladas um total de 5101 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFC). Conforme a sazonalidade, o outono foi a estação que apresentou maior número de UFC, correspondendo a 35% (1808/5101) do total encontrado, já no inverno obteve-se apenas 17,3% (884/5101). Em relação ao isolamento fúngico, o gênero Cladosporium representou 46,3% do total de UFC, seguido de Penicillium e de fungos não caracterizados quanto ao gênero, em decorrência da ausência de micélio reprodutivo, sendo então classificados como “micélio aéreo estéril”. Não houve diferença significativa entre o número de UFC encontradas nos distintos laboratórios, assim como também não houve diferença no número de UFC encontradas nos distintos ambientes pertencentes aos laboratórios. Os gêneros prevalentes foram Cladosporium e Penicillium.
The fungi present in atmospheric air are called airborne, which is the dispersion medium habitat most used by these microorganisms, which have the ability to colonize different natural substrates and efficiently. Thus, there can hardly fungal contamination-free environment. Fungal concentrations in the environment are influenced by several factors, including environmental factors and physical factors that can increase the number of propagules in the environment. The airborne fungi can cause problems such as deterioration of materials, allergies, poisoning and infections. Thus, the presence of these microorganisms in microbiology laboratories can cause major economic problems, diagnostic and research related to quality, and the potential to cause harm to the health of the people working on site. When making up the use of bio-security standards, monitoring of fungi becomes then necessary for proper environmental control, thus avoiding contamination and infections. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of the fungal microbiota present in nine teaching laboratories, research and extension of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) during the period from February to November 2015, covering the four seasons. The technique used was settling in Petri dishes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar medium with added cloranfenical. During the study were collected 228 monthly cards from weeks collection of nine laboratories totaling 912 cards at the end of the experiment, which were isolated from a total of 5101 Colony Forming Units (CFU). As the seasonal, autumn was the season that had the highest number of CFU, corresponding to 35% (1808/5101) of the total found, already in winter yielded only 17.3 % (884/5101). Compared to fungal isolation, Cladosporium genre represented 46.3 % of the CFU, followed by Penicillium fungi and not characterized as gender, due to the absence of reproductive mycelium, then being classified as "sterile aerial mycelium". There was no significant difference between the number of CFU found in different laboratories, as well as there was no difference in the number of CFUs in different environments belonging to the laboratories. The prevalent genera were Cladosporium and Penicillium.
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