Journal articles: 'Cladosporium'

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Yusuf, Evi Silvia, and I. Djatnika. "Analisis Isozim dan Patogenisitas Isolat Cladosporium spp. Terhadap Karat Putih Pada Krisan (Isozyme Analysis and Pathogenicity of Cladosporium spp. Isolate Against White Rust on Chrysanthemum)." Jurnal Hortikultura 28, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v28n1.2018.p97-104.

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Cladosporium spp. merupakan mikoparasit potensial untuk mengendalikan beberapa jenis cendawan karat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. yang ditemukan di daerah sentra krisan (Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat) terhadap penyakit karat putih pada krisan dan hubungan kekerabatannya antara isolat Cladosporium spp. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Agustus 2014 di Laboratorium Mikologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias (Balithi) dan Laboratorium Patologi dan Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pada percobaan ini dilakukan uji patogenisitas 10 isolat Cladosporium spp. asal Kabupaten Cianjur dan Bandung Barat terhadap pustul karat pada daun krisan di laboratorium. Untuk menelusuri hubungan genetik antarisolat dilakukan analisis isozim secara elektroforesis dengan menggunakan enzim esterase (EST), acid phospatase (ACP), dan peroksidase (PER). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan sembilan isolat Cladosporoium spp. efektif memparasit pustul karat dengan efektivitas lebih dari 50%. Hasil analisis isozim menunjukkan terdapat dua kelompok Cladosporium spp. yang memiliki koefisien kemiripan 67%.KeywordsCladosporium spp.; Isozim; Mikoparasit; PatogenisitasAbstractCladosporium spp. is a potential mycoparasite for controlling some rust fungi. The aim of the research was to obtain the effectiveness of 10 Cladosporium spp. isolates was found in chrysanthemum central area (Cianjur and West Bandung District) and genetic relationship among the isolats. The research carried on April to Agustus 2014 in Micology Laboratory Indonesian Ornamental Crop Institute and Pathology and Silviculture Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. Pathogenicity of the 10 fungus isolate was tested against rust pustules on chrysanthemum leaves and genetic relationship between isolates was analyzed by electrophoresis isozyme using EST, ACP, and PER enzyme. The results showed that nine of Cladosporoium spp. isolates were effective parasited rust pustule with more than 50% effectiveness. The cluster analysis based on isozyme analysis showed that Cladosporium spp. isolate have two distinc groups with 67% similarity coefficient.

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Jacyno, John M., John S. Harwood, Horace G. Cutler, and Mee-Kyoung Lee. "Isocladosporin, a Biologically Active Isomer of Cladosporin from Cladosporium cladosporioides." Journal of Natural Products 56, no. 8 (August 1993): 1397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50098a023.

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Liu, Wei, Shu-Hui Yu, Hong-Ping Zhang, Zuo-Yi Fu, Jia-Qi An, Jin-Yang Zhang, and Pu Yang. "Two Cladosporium Fungi with Opposite Functions to the Chinese White Wax Scale Insect Have Different Genome Characters." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 3 (March 11, 2022): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8030286.

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Insects encounter infection of microorganisms, and they also harbor endosymbiosis to participate in nutrition providing and act as a defender against pathogens. We previously found the Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, was infected and killed by Cladosporium sp. (pathogen). We also found it harbored Cladosporium sp. (endogensis). In this study, we cultured these two Cladosporium fungi and sequenced their genome. The results showed Cladosporium sp. (endogensis) has a larger genome size and more genes than Cladosporium sp. (pathogen). Pan-genome analysis showed Cladosporium sp. (endogensis)-specific genes enriched in pathways related to nutrition production, such as amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. These pathways were absent in that of Cladosporium sp. (pathogen). Gene Ontology analysis showed Cladosporium sp. (pathogen)-specific genes enriched in the biosynthesis of asperfuranone, emericellamide, and fumagillin. These terms were not found in that of Cladosporium sp. (endogensis). Pathogen Host Interactions analysis found Cladosporium sp. (endogensis) had more genes related to loss of pathogenicity and reduced virulence than Cladosporium sp. (pathogen). Cytotoxicity assay indicated Cladosporium sp. (pathogen) had cytotoxicity, while Cladosporium sp. (endogensis) had no cytotoxicity. These characters reflect the adaptation of endosymbiosis to host-restricted lifestyle and the invader of the entomopathogen to the host.

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Bensch, K., U. Braun, J. Z. Groenewald, and P. W. Crous. "The genus Cladosporium." Studies in Mycology 72 (June 2012): 1–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3114/sim0003.

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Nicoletti, Rosario, Elia Russo, and Andrea Becchimanzi. "Cladosporium—Insect Relationships." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10010078.

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The range of interactions between Cladosporium, a ubiquitous fungal genus, and insects, a class including about 60% of the animal species, is extremely diverse. The broad case history of antagonism and mutualism connecting Cladosporium and insects is reviewed in this paper based on the examination of the available literature. Certain strains establish direct interactions with pests or beneficial insects or indirectly influence them through their endophytic development in plants. Entomopathogenicity is often connected to the production of toxic secondary metabolites, although there is a case where these compounds have been reported to favor pollinator attraction, suggesting an important role in angiosperm reproduction. Other relationships include mycophagy, which, on the other hand, may reflect an ecological advantage for these extremely adaptable fungi using insects as carriers for spreading in the environment. Several Cladosporium species colonize insect structures, such as galleries of ambrosia beetles, leaf rolls of attelabid weevils and galls formed by cecidomyid midges, playing a still uncertain symbiotic role. Finally, the occurrence of Cladosporium in the gut of several insect species has intriguing implications for pest management, also considering that some strains have proven to be able to degrade insecticides. These interactions especially deserve further investigation to understand the impact of these fungi on pest control measures and strategies to preserve beneficial insects.

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ROSADO, ANDRÉ W. C., FÁBIO A. CUSTÓDIO, DANILO B. PINHO, ANA PAULA S. FERREIRA, and OLINTO L. PEREIRA. "Cladosporium species associated with disease symptoms on Passiflora edulis and other crops in Brazil, with descriptions of two new species." Phytotaxa 409, no. 5 (July 15, 2019): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.409.5.1.

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Fungi belonging to the genus Cladosporium are cosmopolitan occurring in various substrate or hosts. Cladosporium spp. are responsible for economic losses in numerous agricultural crops, causing leaf spots, scab, postharvest rots and other disease symptoms. The etiology of many diseases associated with these symptoms is still uncertain. The aim of this research was to determine the identity of Cladosporium isolates associated with passionfruit scab and some postharvest rots on different crops in Brazil, based on phylogenetic and morphological analyses. The phylogenetic analyses indicated that all samples belong to the C. cladosporioides complex. Three previously described Cladosporium species were identified: Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides (on kiwi, passionfruit and taro), C. subuliforme (on passionfruit) and C. tenuissimum (on cashew fruit, papaya and passionfruit). In addition, four putative new species were found: Cladosporium passiflorae sp. nov., C. passifloricola sp. nov., Cladosporium sp. 1 and Cladosporium sp. 2, all occurring on passionfruit. This study is the first report of the presence of seven different species of Cladosporium associated with diseased passionfruit. Moreover, this paper represents the first report of C. pseudocladosporioides associated with postharvest rot on kiwi and taro and C. tenuissimum on cashew fruit in Brazil. This study contributes with several taxonomic novelties for the knowledge about the diversity of Cladosporium cladosporioides complex, especially those associated with plant diseases.

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Li, Yanjing, Yifei Wang, Han Wang, Ting Shi, and Bo Wang. "The Genus Cladosporium: A Prospective Producer of Natural Products." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 1652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031652.

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Cladosporium, a genus of ascomycete fungi in the Dematiaceae family, is primarily recognized as a widespread environmental saprotrophic fungus or plant endophyte. Further research has shown that the genus is distributed in various environments, particularly in marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, mangroves and the polar region. Cladosporium, especially the marine-derived Cladosporium, is a highly resourceful group of fungi whose natural products have garnered attention due to their diverse chemical structures and biological activities, as well as their potential as sources of novel leads to compounds for drug production. This review covers the sources, distribution, bioactivities, biosynthesis and structural characteristics of compounds isolated from Cladosporium in the period between January 2000 and December 2022, and conducts a comparative analysis of the Cladosporium isolated compounds derived from marine and terrestrial sources. Our results reveal that 34% of Cladosporium-derived natural products are reported for the first time. And 71.79% of the first reported compounds were isolated from marine-derived Cladosporium. Cladosporium-derived compounds exhibit diverse skeletal chemical structures, concentrating in the categories of polyketides (48.47%), alkaloids (19.21%), steroids and terpenoids (17.03%). Over half of the natural products isolated from Cladosporium have been found to have various biological activities, including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and enzyme-inhibitory activities. These findings testify to the tremendous potential of Cladosporium, especially the marine-derived Cladosporium, to yield novel bioactive natural products, providing a structural foundation for the development of new drugs.

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TİKVEŞLİ, Melek, Hande GÜÇLÜ, Berrak ÇAKMAKÇI, and Şaban GÜRCAN. "A Case of Fungal Keratitis Due to Cladosporium anthropophilum and Cladosporium cf. subuliforme After Corneal Transplantation." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 32, no. 2 (2023): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2022-95083.

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Farwell, Lauren Helen, Greg Deakin, Adrian Lee Harris, Georgina Fagg, Thomas Passey, Carol Verheecke-Vaessen, Naresh Magan, and Xiangming Xu. "Cladosporium Species: The Predominant Species Present on Raspberries from the U.K. and Spain and their Ability to Cause Skin and Stigmata Infections." Horticulturae 9, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020128.

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Raspberry (Rosales: Rosaceae) production in the U.K. has moved rapidly in the last 10 years to under polythene, combined with a reduced availability of broad-spectrum fungicides. Hence, the incidence of previously less prevalent diseases, such as Cladosporium (Capnodiales: Cladosporiaceae), has largely increased. This study aimed to identify the predominant Cladosporium species on raspberry and to understand the nature of its infection on raspberry fruit. Raspberries were collected from farms across the U.K. and Spain and incubated; fungal isolates were then isolated from typical Cladosporium lesions and identified to the species level based on the sequences of the trans elongation factor α and actin genes. Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fres) de Vries was confirmed as the predominant species responsible for infecting raspberry fruit close to harvest on fruit from the U.K. and Spain, being present on 41.5% of U.K. fruit and 84.6% of Spanish fruit. Raspberries were subsequently inoculated at different developmental stages with C. cladosporioides isolates to determine the susceptibility to Cladosporium skin lesions and stigmata infections in relation to the developmental stage. Only the ripening and ripe raspberries were susceptible to Cladosporium, resulting in skin lesions. Cladosporium can colonise the stigmata of raspberries earlier in fruit development and future research is required to determine if such stigmata infections could cause subsequent skin lesion infections. This study has provided the necessary epidemiological information to develop effective management measures against the Cladosporium species.

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HALO, BOSHRA A., SAJEEWA S. N. MAHARACHCHIKUMBURA, RASHID A. AL-YAHYAI, and ABDULLAH M. AL-SADI. "Cladosporium omanense, a new endophytic species from Zygophyllum coccineum in Oman." Phytotaxa 388, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.388.1.8.

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The genus Cladosporium is cosmopolitan in distribution and can be isolated from various sources including plants as endophytes. A strain of Cladosporium was isolated from living leaves of Zygophyllum coccineum in a desert habitat in Oman. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) and partial actin (ACT) sequence data shows that this is a novel species, which groups with Cladosporium sphaerospermum complex. The new species is introduced as Cladosporium omanense and is described, illustrated and compared with other known species in the genus. Cladosporium omanense differs from its phylogenetically related species C. endophyticum by its fast growing colonies, longer macronematous and micronematous conidiophores, thickened-walled conidia with conspicuously protuberant shrivelling surface ornamentations.

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Prasil, K., and G. S. de Hoog. "Variability in Cladosporium herbarum." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 90, no. 1 (January 1988): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(88)80179-7.

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KOBAYASHI, Naoki, Maiko WATANABE, and Yukiko HARA-KUDO. "Distinctive identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum and Cladosporium halotolerans based on physiological methods." Journal of Systematics and Evolution 50, no. 3 (April 22, 2012): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-6831.2012.00185.x.

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Răut, Iuliana, Mariana Călin, Luiza Capră, Ana-Maria Gurban, Mihaela Doni, Nicoleta Radu, and Luiza Jecu. "Cladosporium sp. Isolate as Fungal Plant Growth Promoting Agent." Agronomy 11, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020392.

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Cladosporium species are active in protecting plants against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Since these species produced a wide range of secondary metabolites responsible for the adaptation to new habitats, plant health and performance, they are of great interest, especially for biostimulants in agriculture. Cladosporium sp. produces protein hydrolysates (PHs), a class of biostimulants, by cultivation on medium with keratin wastes (feathers) as carbon and energy sources. The aim of this study was to select a Cladosporium isolate with potential to be used as plant growth promoting agent. The characteristics of Cladosporium isolates as plants biostimulants were evaluated through several tests, such as: antagonism versus plants pathogens, effect on plant growth of secreted volatiles produced by isolates, secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, production of 3-indole acetic acid, zinc and phosphorous solubilization, capacity to promote tomato seedlings growth (pot experiments). Cladosporium isolate T2 presented positive results to all tests. Encouraging results were obtained treating tomato seedlings with PHs from isolate Cladosporium T2 cultured on medium supplemented with 1% (w/w) chicken feathers, for which growth parameters, such as stem weight, stem height, and root weight were significantly higher by 65%, 32%, and 55%, respectively, compared to those treated with water.

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Grinn-Gofroń, Agnieszka. "Cladosporium spores in the air of Szczecin." Acta Agrobotanica 60, no. 2 (2012): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2007.036.

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Moulds are common aeroallergens and Cladosporium is considered to be the most prevalent of them. The objective of the studies was to determine the seasonal variation in concentrations of Cladosporium spores due to meteorological parameters. The meteorological parameters analysed were maximum air temperature, relative humidity, amount of precipitation and wind speed. The greatest threat from Cladosporium allergens was posed from the middle of May (2004, 2006) and June (2005) till the middle of October (2005) and in the end of October (2004) till the middle of November (2006). Statistically significant correlations were found among the Cladosporium spore count in the air and maximum air temperature in all the analysed seasons, and amount of precipitation only in one season. The spore count of Cladosporium was determined by weather conditions, especially by air temperature.

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Segers, Frank J. J., Martin Meijer, Jos Houbraken, Robert A. Samson, Han A. B. Wösten, and Jan Dijksterhuis. "Xerotolerant Cladosporium sphaerospermum Are Predominant on Indoor Surfaces Compared to Other Cladosporium Species." PLOS ONE 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2015): e0145415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145415.

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Briceño, Erika X., and Bernardo A. Latorre. "Characterization of Cladosporium Rot in Grapevines, a Problem of Growing Importance in Chile." Plant Disease 92, no. 12 (December 2008): 1635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-12-1635.

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Cladosporium rot (Cladosporium spp.) of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is a common disease in Chile, particularly in Cabernet Sauvignon and other red wine grape cultivars. It is favored by delayed harvest to obtain the phenolic maturity necessary for high-quality red wine. This study expands on previous investigations of the specific causal agents, the histopathological host:pathogen relationship, and the population dynamics of Cladosporium spp. during the seasonal development of grape clusters. Over 100 isolates were obtained and identified as C. cladosporioides and C. herbarum, confirming previous results. The identity of a subset of isolates was confirmed by molecular analysis. Isolates of both C. cladosporioides and C. herbarum from grapevines were pathogenic on inoculated table grapes and wine grapes. These pathogens were reisolated, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Berry injuries and total soluble solids content above 15% were necessary for Cladosporium spp. to infect wine grapes. The mycelia of C. cladosporioides and C. herbarum grew between 0 and 30°C, but no growth was obtained at 35°C in vitro. The histological studies showed that Cladosporium spp. superficially colonize mature V. vinifera berries, invading the epidermis but scarcely penetrating the hypodermis. The Cladosporium populations obtained on apparently healthy berries of V. vinifera cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay were significantly larger (P = 0.05) than the populations obtained under similar conditions on berries of V. champini cv. Ramsey and hybrids Kober 5BB and Couderc 1613. Considering the importance of Cladosporium rot in Chile compared with other grape production areas, the development of control strategies is needed to prevent high disease severity, which affects both yield and wine quality.

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Khalil, Mohammad Ibrahim. "Identification of Cladosporium sp. Fungi by in- silico RFLP-PCR." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 1(Suppl.) (March 18, 2020): 0220. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.1(suppl.).0220.

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Cladosporium sp. plays an important role in human health, it is one of the pathogenic fungi which cause allergy and asthma and most frequently isolated from airborne spores. In this study, a couple of universal PCR primers were designed to identify the pathogenic fungi Cladosporium sp. according to conserved region 5.8S, 18S and 28S subunit ribosomal RNA gene in Cladosporium species. In silico RFLP-PCR were used to identify twenty-four Cladosporium strains. The results showed that the universal primer has the specificity to amplify the conserved region in 24 species as a band in virtual agarose gel. They also showed that the RFLP method is able to identify three Cladosporium species by specific and unique restriction enzymes for each one. These species are Cl. halotorenas by the two unique enzymes BsaXI and MobII, the other species is Cl. colrandse by two enzymes BccI and BtsCI, while the third species is Cl. aciculare by one enzyme BceAI. Each enzyme forms two bands in virtual agarose gel as a results of cutting the DNA by the enzyme, where the rest twenty – two species share more than one restriction enzymes. This method is active and rapid for identifying Cladosporium genus and three species by computational bases methods before applying it in the lab for more accuracy, efficiency, and specificity of designed primer to get good results in a short time.

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Zimowska, Beata, Andrea Becchimanzi, Ewa Dorota Krol, Agnieszka Furmanczyk, Konstanze Bensch, and Rosario Nicoletti. "New Cladosporium Species from Normal and Galled Flowers of Lamiaceae." Pathogens 10, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10030369.

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A series of isolates of Cladosporium spp. were recovered in the course of a cooperative study on galls formed by midges of the genus Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyidae) on several species of Lamiaceae. The finding of these fungi in both normal and galled flowers was taken as an indication that they do not have a definite relationship with the midges. Moreover, identification based on DNA sequencing showed that these isolates are taxonomically heterogeneous and belong to several species which are classified in two different species complexes. Two new species, Cladosporium polonicum and Cladosporium neapolitanum, were characterized within the Cladosporium cladosporioides species complex based on strains from Poland and Italy, respectively. Evidence concerning the possible existence of additional taxa within the collective species C. cladosporioides and C. pseudocladosporioides is discussed.

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Han, Xiaoying, Yihong Dai, Miao Hu, Rong Xiao, Shuaishuai Zhang, Jin Li, Zhanqi Wang, Xiufang Hu, and Zhouhang Gu. "Investigation of Multiple Pathogens in Black-Spotted Dendrobium officinale Based on Culture-Independent and Dependent Methods." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2020.1959.

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Black spot disease which significantly reduces the quality of medicine plants is quite common in Dendrobium officinale fields. In this study, GXDF33, a strain of Alternaria, together with the reported pathogen Cladosporium, was isolated from symptomatic leaves. The in vitro pathogenicity tests on seedlings showed GXDF33 can cause black spot disease. Based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) result, it was found that the biomass of both Cladosporium and Alternaria increased as the symptom went severer. According to amplicon sequencing data for the symptomatic samples from Guangxi and Zhejiang Provinces in China, Cladosporium and Alternaria were both common genera in symptomatic plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report unveiling the relationship between black spot disease of D. officinale and Cladosporium as well as Alternaria.

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Biliavska, L. O., O. V. Nadkernychna, and O. B. Kopilova. "Phytohormones Biosynthesis by Soil Molds Cladosporium cladosporioides." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 79, no. 3 (May 30, 2017): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj79.03.003.

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N., Namratha, Shobha Nadgir, Mamatha Kale, and Ravi Rathod. "Chromoblastomycosis due to Cladosporium carrionii." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 2, no. 01 (January 2010): 047–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.66704.

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ABSTRACTAn 81-year-old male presented with irregular verrucous growth of 6 years duration over the right leg. KOH preparation of the scrapings and histopathology of the lesion showed “sclerotic” bodies diagnostic of chromoblastomycosis. Culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar yielded Cladosporium carrionii.

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Dugan, F. M., U. Braun, J. Z. Groenewald, and P. W. Crous. "Morphological plasticity in Cladosporium sphaerospermum." Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 21, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158508x334389.

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McGinnis, Michael R., Arvind A. Padhye, and Libero Ajello. "Cladosporium TrichoidesVar.Chlamydosporum:An Invalidly Published Name." Mycologia 79, no. 5 (September 1987): 803–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1987.12025464.

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Gregg, Kevin, and Kenneth Pursell. "Cladosporium Esophagitis After Liver Transplantation." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 19, no. 3 (May 2011): 158–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ipc.0b013e3181f5eadb.

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Machado, Isidro, Tomás García Lozano, José Luis Juán Bañón, Julia Cruz Mojarrieta, and Rafael Estevan. "Granulomatosis intraabdominal por Cladosporium cladosporioides." Revista Española de Patología 45, no. 1 (January 2012): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patol.2011.08.001.

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Bensch, K., J. Z. Groenewald, M. Meijer, J. Dijksterhuis, Ž. Jurjević, B. Andersen, J. Houbraken, P. W. Crous, and R. A. Samson. "Cladosporium species in indoor environments." Studies in Mycology 89 (March 2018): 177–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2018.03.002.

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Barnes, C. S., F. Pacheco, and J. M. Portnoy. "Denaturing Alternaria and Cladosporium Allergens." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 125, no. 2 (February 2010): AB147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.578.

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Vieira, M. R., A. Milheiro, and F. A. Pacheco. "Phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladosporium cladosporioides." Medical Mycology 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714030986.

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Cassandra A., Young, Choudhury Robin A., Crisosto Carlos H., and Gubler W. Douglas. "Brown spot in table grape Redglobe controlled in study with sulfur dioxide and temperature treatments." California Agriculture 74, no. 3 (October 2020): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.2020a0022.

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Brown spot is a postharvest disease of grapes caused by Cladosporium species in the San Joaquin Valley of California. It spreads during cold storage and transport, resulting in severe economic losses to late table grape cultivars, which are grown mainly for export to countries such as China and Mexico. We examined the effect of temperature and sulfur dioxide (SO2) treatments on fungal growth and infection of Redglobe berries by three Cladosporium species: Cladosporium ramotenellum, C. cladosporioides and C. limoniforme. Redglobe is especially popular for export. Fungal colonies growing on potato dextrose agar in petri plates stored at −2°C grew slower than those stored at 2°C, and an 400 ppm-h SO2 treatment significantly reduced fungal growth of all three species and at all temperatures tested. Redglobe berries inoculated with the Cladosporium species, treated with SO2 concentrations of 100 ppm-h, 200 ppm-h and 400 ppm-h and incubated in high relative humidity chambers for 28 to 32 days at 2°C, showed little incidence of disease. The development of brown spot on berries was entirely prevented with the treatment of 200 ppm-h SO2 for all Cladosporium species tested.

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Celia, Murciano. "Pathogen identification and control of sooty spot caused by Cladosporium ramotenellum, appearing on fresh easy peeler mandarins from Perú." Journal of Plant Science and Phytopathology 5, no. 2 (2021): 044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.jpsp.1001059.

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During the 2018 season, superficial dry and firm black spots, where sometimes an aerial mycelium developed, appeared on the rind of easy peeler mandarins causing high economic losses in fresh citrus exports from Perú. In this work, we have identified the causal agent, a species of Cladosporium not previously reported as a citrus pathogen. The pathogen was isolated from rind lesions of affected fruit and was identified by sequencing as Cladosporium ramotenellum; and fulfilment of Koch postulates was proven. This species was present on the surface of immature fruit in the groves, indicating that the infection is likely initiated before harvest. Cladosporium ramotenellum is resistant to the postharvest fungicides imazalil, pyrimethanil, and thiabendazole, but sensitive to propiconazole, prochloraz, and ortho-phenylphenol. We designed a postharvest industrial treatment to decrease the Cladosporium sp. load on the fruit surface that limited the incidence of infection and reduced the postharvest losses caused by the fungus. Although this species is quite ubiquitous, this is the first description of C. ramotenellum causing decay of citrus fruit, being the symptoms of this disease similar to the ones described previously and caused by Cladosporium cladosporoides in cv. Satsuma mandarins from Japan.

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Hocking, Ailsa D., Beverly F. Miscamble, and J. I. Pitt. "Water relations of Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Curvularia lunata and Curvularia pallescens." Mycological Research 98, no. 1 (January 1994): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80344-4.

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Prasannath, Kandeeparoopan, Roger G. Shivas, Victor J. Galea, and Olufemi A. Akinsanmi. "Novel Botrytis and Cladosporium Species Associated with Flower Diseases of Macadamia in Australia." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7110898.

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Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) is endemic to eastern Australia and produces an edible nut that is widely cultivated in commercial orchards globally. A survey of fungi associated with the grey and green mold symptoms of macadamia flowers found mostly species of Botrytis (Sclerotiniaceae, Leotiomycetes) and Cladosporium (Cladosporiaceae, Dothideomycetes). These isolates included B. cinerea, C. cladosporioides, and unidentified isolates. Amongst the unidentified isolates, one novel species of Botrytis and three novel species of Cladosporium were delimited and characterized by molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species are Botrytis macadamiae, Cladosporium devikae, C. macadamiae, and C. proteacearum.

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Grinn-Gofroń, Agnieszka. "The occurrence of cladosporium spores in the air and their relationships with meteorological parameters." Acta Agrobotanica 62, no. 2 (2012): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2009.032.

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Together with Alternaria, Cladosporium spores are known to be potent aeroallergens and its concentrations in the air are strongly dependent on meteorological factors. There are many articles from different parts of the world about relationships between Cladosporium spore count and weather parameters. The aim of the study was to review all available publications about Cladosporium spores in the air and compare the results in a short, useful form.

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Jayasinghe, R. D., W. A. M. U. L. Abeysinghe, P. I. Jayasekara, Y. S. Mohomed, and B. S. M. S. Siriwardena. "Unilateral Cervical Lymphadenopathy due to Cladosporium oxysporum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Case Reports in Pathology 2017 (2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5036514.

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Phaeohyphomycosis is a fungal infection caused by Dermatiacae group of fungi, by Cladosporium spp. The term phaeohyphomycosis was introduced by Ajello et al. in 1974 to designate infections by brown pigmented filamentous fungi. Cladosporium oxysporum is a very rare etiological agent in humans. Phaeohyphomycosis of the cervical lymph node in an immunocompetent individual is a very rare clinical entity. To the best of our knowledge we report the first case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium oxysporum in the absence of other systemic manifestations in a 16-year-old male.

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Rheinl?nder, P. A., and R. A. Fulerton. "Preharvest sanitisers and fungicides for reducing Penicillium digitatum inoculum on cv Satsuma mandarin." New Zealand Plant Protection 60 (August 1, 2007): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2007.60.4633.

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The efficacy of three sanitisers (didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride sodium hypochlorite and chlorobromohydantoin) and two fungicides (kresoxim methyl potassium phosphite) applied as wholetree sprays prior to harvest was compared for reducing the number of colony forming units (cfu) of Penicillium digitatum on the surface of cv Satsuma mandarin fruit The effects on the cfu of the saprophytic fungi Cladosporium spp and Epicoccum purpurascens were also examined The efficacy of the sanitisers and fungicides differed according to the species of fungi Didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride gave approximately a 75 reduction in numbers of cfu of P digitatum Cladosporium spp and E purpurascens Sodium hypochlorite significantly reduced cfu of P digitatum but did not affect cfu of Cladosporium spp and E purpurascens Kresoxim methyl potassium phosphite and chlorobromohydantoin exhibited no effect on cfu of P digitatum and E purpurascens However cfu of Cladosporium spp was significantly reduced when fruit were treated with potassium phosphite

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Santos, Aldeir Sabino dos, Gezaíldo Santos Silva, Kaltz Victor Souza Silva, Maria Islaine de Oliveira Lima, Juliana Moura Mendes Arrua, Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima, and Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira. "Antifungal activity of geraniol and citronellol against food-relevant dematiaceous fungi Cladosporium spp." Revista do Instituto Adolfo Lutz 76 (January 1, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53393/rial.2017.v76.33544.

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Cladosporium spp. is a group of dematiaceous food-relevant fungi which are well dispersed in the environment causing food spoilage and poisoning. Considering the importance of fungal contamination, natural drugs to control their growth have become important. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of two monoterpenoids, (geraniol and citronellol), against strains of Cladosporium carrioni, C. cladosporioides, and C. oxysporum. Methods: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) of the drugs were determined by microdilution. The effects of test drugs on mycelial dry weight, conidia germination, and conidiogenesis of Cladosporium spp. were also investigated using a hemacytometer. Respective MIC and MFC values of citronellol varied from 256 to 512 µg/mL, and from 256 to 2048 µg/mL. The MIC and MFC of geraniol varied similarly to citronellol. Conidia germination, mycelial dry weight, and conidiogenesis of Cladosporium spp. were reduced by the test-drugs at 1/2MIC, MIC and 2xMIC (p< 0.05). These measurable cell events are essential for fungal infection and development in foods. The action of citronellol and geraniol against Cladosporium spp. suggest that the drugs may serve as effective agents for controlling fungal contamination and growth in foods.

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Wang, Xiaoning, David E. Wedge, and Stephen J. Cutler. "Chemical and Biological Study of Cladosporin, an Antimicrobial Inhibitor: A Review." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 10 (October 2016): 1934578X1601101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601101039.

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Natural antifungal agents are generally broad-spectrum compounds with low mammalian and environmental toxicity. Cladosporin is a naturally occurring fungal metabolite mainly isolated from the endophytic fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides. This review article summarizes the chemistry and biological properties of cladosporin covering references published from 1971–2016, including the source, phytochemical characterization, biosynthesis, total synthesis, structure and activity (SAR), and biological activity of cladosporin. Cladosporin exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as plant growth regulatory effects. More importantly, cladosporin was identified as having potent, nanomolar, antiparasitic activity against both Plasmodium falciparum blood and liver stages via specific inhibition of protein synthesis. This provides a new approach for the design of isocoumarin-based compounds for the treatment of malaria. Herbicidal activity and antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans (IC50 value of 17.7 μg/mL) of cladosporin are also described here in the review for the first time. Cladosporin selectively inhibited the growth of a monocot (agostis) and showed no activity against a dicot (lettuce), which indicates its great potential as a selective herbicide for monocots in agriculture use. The above data suggest that cladosporin has great potential utility as a lead compound in the development of agrochemicals against certain plant pathogens and pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant bacteria and parasites.

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IANOVICI, Nicoleta, and Dorina TUDORICA. "Aeromycoflora in Outdoor Environment of Timisoara City (Romania)." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 1, no. 1 (December 7, 2009): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb113446.

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An aeromycological study to identify and quantify allergenic fungi and their fluctuations was conducted at Timisoara. The diversity of the aeromycoflora in this study, based on the recovery of fungal propagules by the volumetric sampling method was conducted for 30 days using the Lanzoni sampler. The study showed that the most prevalent (major components) fungal spores in the air of Timisoara were Cladosporium spp., Drechslera/Helminthosporium spp., Alternaria spp. and Epicoccum spp. The abundant genera were Cladosporium, Fusarium/Leptosphaeria, Drechslera/Helminthosporium, Alternaria and Torula. Cladosporium was the most abundant fungal spore type (41%) collected throughout the period of study reaching.

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Yang, Yuanqiao, Wenmei Luo, Wensong Zhang, Mohammed Amin Uddin Mridha, Subodini Nuwanthika Wijesinghe, Eric H. C. McKenzie, and Yong Wang. "Cladosporium Species Associated with Fruit Trees in Guizhou Province, China." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9020250.

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During an investigation of fungal diversity on fruit trees in Guizhou Province, 23 Cladosporium strains were isolated from various locations in Guizhou Province. Culture characteristics, morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three genetic markers, namely, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA, partial fragments of actin (act), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-ɑ) loci were used to characterize these isolates. Seven new Cladosporium species and new host records for five other species were introduced, with detailed descriptions and illustrations. This study showed that there is a rich diversity of Cladosporium spp. in fruit trees in Guizhou Province.

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MANAWASINGHE, ISHARA S., XINGHONG LI, WEI ZHANG, YUEYAN ZHOU, XIMING TANG, K. W. THILINI CHETHANA, JIYE YAN, SIRAPRAPA BROOKS, and KEVIN D. HYDE. "Morphological and phylogenetic characterisation of endophytic fungi associated with the grapevine flowers in China." Phytotaxa 455, no. 2 (August 10, 2020): 95–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.2.3.

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The harvest from grapevines is berries which are derived from the flowers. Even though numerous studies have been conducted to understand the pathogens associated with grapes, less is known about the fungi associated with the flowering stage and their potential for infecting fruit as latent pathogens. In the present study, 99 endophytic strains were isolated from the calyptra of grape flowers of four different grape cultivars (Italia, Jingxiangyu, Kyoho and Zexiang). The isolates were Alternaria, Cladosporium, Diaporthe and Epicoccum species. Alternaria was the most abundant genus with 88 strains of A. alternata. Four Cladosporium species were identified including two new host records (Cladosporium ramotenellum and C. anthropophilum) and one new species (Cladosporium endoviticola sp. nov.). Diaporthe eres and a novel Epicoccum species (Epicoccum endophytica sp. nov) were also identified. This study provides evidence that some grape fruit pathogens occur as endophytes in flowers. The study enhances the current knowledge of grape pathogens and can be used to develop sustainable management strategies.

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Shaabow, Alissar, and Amal Haj Hassan. "Pathogenicity of the Fungus Beauveria bassiana and Cladosporium sp. on Different Life Stages of the Two Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch Under Laboratory Conditions." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 41, no. 3 (September 2023): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-41.3.314320.

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Shaabow, A. and A. Haj Hassan. 2023. Pathogenicity of the Fungus Beauveria bassiana and Cladosporium sp. on Different Life Stages of the Two Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch Under Laboratory Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(3): 314-320. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-41.3.314320 This study was carried out in the entomology laboratory of the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, Syria, to evaluate and compare the effect of local isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana and two isolates of the fungus Cladosporium spp. on different life stages of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae during October 2021.Conidial suspension for each fungal isolate were applied at a concentration of 1×107 conidia/ml, on the different stages of mites (adults, nymphs, eggs), using the direct spraying method. The effects of each isolate were significantly different between stages. The results obtained showed that the most affected stage was the adults stage, with a death rate of 100% when treated with B. bassiana isolate, whereas it reached 72.5 and 58.5% when the two isolates of Cladosporium sp. were used. The egg stage was less sensitive to infection with fungi, where the death rate reached 59% for one of the two isolates of Cladosporium sp., 45.13% for the second isolate and 38.25% for the B. bassiana isolate. The half lethal time (LT50) was 3.82 days for the B. bassiana isolate on the adults stage, whereas isolate 2 of Cladosporium spp. was more effective on nymph and egg stages, with LT50 reached 7.77 and 8.68 days, respectively. Keywords: Tetranychus urticae, biological control, Beauveria bassiana, Cladosporium spp

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Matrood, Abel Nabi. "Biocontrol of the cladosporic spot in the eggplant plant caused by the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides." Arab Journal of Plant Protection 36, no. 3 (December 2018): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-036.3.192198.

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AIHARA, MAKI, TATSUAKI TANAKA, TOSHIKO OHTA, and KOSUKE TAKATORI. "Effect of Temperature and Water Activity on the Growth of Cladosporium sphaerospermum and Cladosporium cladosporioides." Biocontrol Science 7, no. 3 (2002): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4265/bio.7.193.

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Scruggs, A. C., S. C. Butler, and L. M. Quesada-Ocampo. "First Report of Cladosporium Leaf Spot of Spinach Caused by Cladosporium variabile in North Carolina." Plant Disease 98, no. 12 (December 2014): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-14-0474-pdn.

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Cladosporium leaf spot of spinach, caused by Cladosporium variabile, can result in significant economic losses in the United States (2). In March 2014, symptoms consistent with Cladosporium leaf spot (4) appeared on the spinach cultivar Tyee in a greenhouse located in Rowan County, NC. Of 1,080 spinach plants, 90 to 100% were infected. Symptoms consisted of small (1 to 3 mm in diameter), circular, tan lesions each outlined with a dark margin on the adaxial surface of the leaf. On severely infected foliage, lesions coalesced to produce relatively large necrotic regions. Profuse fungal sporulation was observed on the lesion surface with a dissecting microscope at 40× magnification. Using a dissecting microscope, conidia were collected with a sterile needle and transferred to petri plates containing potato dextrose agar. Plates were then incubated at 23 ± 2°C under continuous fluorescent light, and fungal growth was apparent after 24 h. Isolations from leaves of six infected plants produced slow-growing, dark green to brown fungal colonies that reached only 31 mm in diameter after 14 days, which is characteristic of C. variabile (4). Colonies contained dense masses of dematiaceous, septate, unbranched conidiophores with conidial chains, each containing up to five conidia. Conidia were ovate to elongate, with some being septate. The length of individual conidia ranged from 10 to 19 μm. Conidial septa were distinctly dark when observed at 100× magnification, which is a defining feature of C. variabile vs. the conidia of C. macrocarpum (4). The surface of the conidia appeared verrucose at 100× magnification, and conidia were each distinctly darkened toward the base. A single isolate obtained through single-spore transfer was used for DNA extraction, and the histone 3 (H3) gene sequence was amplified using the primers CYLH3F and CYLH3R (1). Sequence analysis of the amplified product using BLAST analysis indicated that the H3 sequences had 100% identity to that of a C. variabile isolate (GenBank Accession No. EF679710.1), and 99% identity to a C. macrocarpum isolate (EF679687.1). The H3 sequence from a representative isolate was deposited in GenBank (KJ769146). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Cladosporium leaf spot on spinach in North Carolina based on morphological evaluation and H3 sequencing results. C. variabile is a seedborne pathogen, so it is possible inoculum was introduced into the greenhouses in North Carolina on infected seed (3). Seeds can be treated with hot water or chlorine to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks caused by infected seed (2). Furthermore, Cladosporium leaf spot may be controlled with the use of fungicides (3). References: (1) P. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:415, 2004. (2) L. J. du Toit and P. Hernandez-Perez. Plant Dis. 89:1305, 2005. (3) L. J. du Toit et al. Fung. Nemat. Tests 59:V115, 2004. (4) Schubert et al. Stud. Mycol. 58:105, 2007.

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JORDAN, MARY M., R. T. BURCHILL, and R. B. MAUDE. "Epidemiology of Cladosporium allii and Cladosporium allii-cepae, leaf blotch pathogens of leek and onion.." Annals of Applied Biology 117, no. 2 (October 1990): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1990.tb04217.x.

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JORDAN, MARY M., R. T. BURCHILL, and R. B. MAUDE. "Epidemiology of Cladosporium allii and Cladosporium allii-cepae, leaf blotch pathogens of leek and onion.." Annals of Applied Biology 117, no. 2 (October 1990): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1990.tb04218.x.

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Iannone, R., D. I. Chernoff, A. Pringle, S. T. Martin, and A. K. Bertram. "The ice nucleation ability of one of the most abundant types of fungal spores found in the atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 21, 2010): 24621–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-24621-2010.

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Abstract. Recent atmospheric measurements show that biological particles are important ice nuclei. Types of biological particles that may be good ice nuclei include bacteria, pollen and fungal spores. We studied the ice nucleation properties of water droplets containing fungal spores from the genus Cladosporium, one of the most abundant types of spores found in the atmosphere. For water droplets containing a Cladosporium spore surface area of ~217 μm2 (equivalent to ~5 spores with average diameters of 3.2 μm), 1% of the droplets froze by −28.5 °C and 10% froze by −30.1 °C. However, there was a strong dependence on freezing temperature with the spore surface area of Cladosporium within a given droplet. As such, freezing temperatures for droplets containing 1–5 spores are expected to be approximately −35.1±2.3 °C (1σ S.D.). Atmospheric ice nucleation on spores of Cladosporium sp., or other spores with similar surface properties, do not appear to explain recent atmospheric measurements showing that biological particles are important ice nuclei. The poor ice nucleation ability of Cladosporium sp. spores may be attributed to the surface which is coated with hydrophobins (a class of hydrophobic proteins that appear to be widespread in filamentous fungi). Given the ubiquity of hydrophobins on spore surfaces, the current study may be applicable to many fungal species of atmospheric importance.

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Iannone, R., D. I. Chernoff, A. Pringle, S. T. Martin, and A. K. Bertram. "The ice nucleation ability of one of the most abundant types of fungal spores found in the atmosphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 3 (February 11, 2011): 1191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-1191-2011.

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Abstract. Recent atmospheric measurements show that biological particles are a potentially important class of ice nuclei. Types of biological particles that may be good ice nuclei include bacteria, pollen and fungal spores. We studied the ice nucleation properties of water droplets containing fungal spores from the genus Cladosporium, one of the most abundant types of spores found in the atmosphere. For water droplets containing a Cladosporium spore surface area of ~217 μm2 (equivalent to ~5 spores with average diameters of 3.2 μm ), 1% of the droplets froze by −28.5 °C and 10% froze by –30.1 °C. However, there was a strong dependence on freezing temperature with the spore surface area of Cladosporium within a given droplet. Mean freezing temperatures for droplets containing 1–5 spores are expected to be approximately −35.1 ± 2.3 °C (1σ S. D.). Atmospheric ice nucleation on spores of Cladosporium sp., or other spores with similar surface properties, thus do not appear to explain recent atmospheric measurements showing that biological particles participate as atmospheric ice nuclei. The poor ice nucleation ability of Cladosporium sp. may be attributed to the surface which is coated with hydrophobins (a class of hydrophobic proteins that appear to be widespread in filamentous fungi). Given the ubiquity of hydrophobins on spore surfaces, the current study may be applicable to many fungal species of atmospheric importance.

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Becchimanzi, Andrea, Beata Zimowska, and Rosario Nicoletti. "Cryptic Diversity in Cladosporium cladosporioides Resulting from Sequence-Based Species Delimitation Analyses." Pathogens 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091167.

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Cladosporium cladosporioides is an extremely widespread fungus involved in associations ranging from mutualistic to pathogenic and is the most frequently represented Cladosporium species in sequence databases, such as Genbank. The taxonomy of Cladosporium species, currently based on the integration of molecular data with morphological and cultural characters, is in frequent need of revision. Hence, the recently developed species delimitation methods can be helpful to explore cryptic diversity in this genus. Considering a previous study that reported several hypothetical species within C. cladosporioides, we tested four methods of species delimitation using the combined DNA barcodes internal transcribed spacers, translation elongation factor 1-α and actin 1. The analyses involved 105 isolates, revealing that currently available sequences of C. cladosporioides in GenBank actually represent more than one species. Moreover, we found that eight isolates from this set should be ascribed to Cladosporium anthropophilum. Our results revealed a certain degree of discordance among species delimitation methods, which can be efficiently treated using conservative approaches in order to minimize the risk of considering false positives.

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Lee, Wonjun, Ji Seon Kim, Chang Wan Seo, Jun Won Lee, Sung Hyun Kim, Yoonhee Cho, and Young Woon Lim. "Diversity of Cladosporium (Cladosporiales, Cladosporiaceae) species in marine environments and report on five new species." MycoKeys 98 (June 2, 2023): 87–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.101918.

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Cladosporium species are cosmopolitan fungi, characterized by olivaceous or dark colonies with coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila with a central convex dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Cladosporium species have also been discovered in marine environments. Although many studies have been performed on the application of marine originated Cladosporium species, taxonomic studies on these species are scarce. We isolated Cladosporium species from three under-studied habitats (sediment, seawater, and seaweed) in two districts including an intertidal zone in the Republic of Korea and the open sea in the Western Pacific Ocean. Based on multigenetic marker analyses (for the internal transcribed spacer, actin, and translation elongation factor 1), we identified fourteen species, of which five were found to represent new species. These five species were C. lagenariiformesp. nov., C. maltirimosumsp. nov., C. marinumsp. nov. in the C. cladosporioides species complex, C. snafimbriatumsp. nov. in the C. herbarum species complex, and C. marinisedimentumsp. nov. in the C. sphaerospermum species complex. Morphological characteristics of the new species and aspects of differences with the already known species are described herein together with molecular data.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Cladosporium'

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