Relevant bibliographies by topics / Claims vs

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Claims vs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Claims vs"

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jo_and_rebecca. "Government claims vs reality." Nursing Standard 31, no. 49 (August 2, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.49.32.s33.

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Hyman, David A., Joshua Lerner, David J. Magid, and Bernard Black. "Association of Past and Future Paid Medical Malpractice Claims." JAMA Health Forum 4, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): e225436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.5436.

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ImportanceMany physicians believe that most medical malpractice claims are random events. This study assessed the association of prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future paid claims; whether public disclosure of prior paid claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time.ObjectiveTo examine the association of 1 or more prior paid medical malpractice claims with future paid claims.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study assessed the association between prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future claims; whether public disclosure of prior claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time. This retrospective case-control study included all 881 876 licensed physicians in the US. All data analysis took place between July, 2018 and January, 2023.ExposurePaid medical malpractice claims.Main Outcome and MeasuresAssociation between a prior paid medical malpractice claim and likelihood of a paid claim in a future period, compared with simulated results expected if paid claims are random events. Using the same outcomes, we also assessed whether public disclosure of paid claims affects future paid claim rates.ResultsThis study included all 881 876 physicians licensed to practice in the US at the time of the study. Overall, 3.3% of the 841 961 physicians with 0 paid claims in the prior period had 1 or more claims in the future period vs 12.4% of the 34 512 physicians with 1 paid claim in the prior period; 22.4% of the 4189 physicians with 2 paid claims in the prior period; and 37% of the 1214 physicians with 3 paid claims in the prior period. The association between prior claims and future claims was similar for high-medical-malpractice-risk and lower-risk specialties; 1 prior-period claim was associated with a 3.1 times higher likelihood of a future-period claim for high-risk specialties (95% CI, 2.8-3.4) vs a 4.2 times higher likelihood for lower-risk specialties (95% CI, 3.8-4.6). The predictive power of a prior paid claim for future claims declined gradually as the time since the prior claim increased, for prior or future periods up to 10 years. Public disclosure did not affect the association between prior and future paid claims.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of paid medical malpractice claims for all US physicians, a single prior paid claim was associated with substantial, long-lived higher future claim risk, independent of whether a physician was practicing in a high- or low-risk specialty, or whether a state publicly disclosed paid claims. Timely, noncoercive intervention, including education, has the potential to reduce future claims.
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Shany, Yuval. "Contract Claims vs. Treaty Claims: Mapping Conflicts Between Icsid Decisions on Multisourced Investment Claims." American Journal of International Law 99, no. 4 (October 2005): 835–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3396671.

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Rosen, Gerald M., Jeffey M. Lohr, Richard J. McNally, and James D. Herbert. "POWER THERAPIES: EVIDENCE VS MIRACULOUS CLAIMS." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 27, no. 1 (January 1999): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465899271032.

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Poole, de Jongh and Spector ask for empirical research rather than emotive arguments when evaluating EMDR. When one applies this standard, Poole et al.’s remaining points are devoid of substance. EMDR, like other Power Therapies, is a “miracle” cure that has failed.
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Dutton, Richard P., Lorri A. Lee, Linda S. Stephens, Karen L. Posner, Joanna M. Davies, and Karen B. Domino. "Massive Hemorrhage." Anesthesiology 121, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000369.

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Abstract Background: Hemorrhage is a potentially preventable cause of adverse outcomes in surgical and obstetric patients. New understanding of the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock, including development of coagulopathy, has led to evolution of recommendations for treatment. However, no recent study has examined the legal outcomes of these claims. The authors reviewed closed anesthesia malpractice claims related to hemorrhage, seeking common factors to guide future management strategies. Methods: The authors analyzed 3,211 closed surgical or obstetric anesthesia malpractice claims from 1995 to 2011 in the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project. Claims where patient injury was attributed to hemorrhage were compared with all other surgical and obstetric claims. Risk factors for hemorrhage and coagulopathy, clinical factors, management, and communication issues were abstracted from claim narratives to identify recurrent patterns. Results: Hemorrhage occurred in 141 (4%) claims. Obstetrics accounted for 30% of hemorrhage claims compared with 13% of nonhemorrhage claims (P < 0.001); thoracic or lumbar spine surgery was similarly overrepresented (24 vs. 6%, P < 0.001). Mortality was higher in hemorrhage than nonhemorrhage claims (77 vs. 27%, P < 0.001), and anesthesia care was more often judged to be less than appropriate (55 vs. 38%, P < 0.001). Median payments were higher in hemorrhage versus nonhemorrhage claims ($607,750 vs. $276,000, P < 0.001). Risk factors for hemorrhage and coagulopathy were common, and initiation of transfusion therapy was commonly delayed. Conclusions: Hemorrhage is a rare, but serious, cause of anesthesia malpractice claims. Understanding which patients are at risk can aid in patient referral decisions, design of institutional systems for responding to hemorrhage, and education of surgeons, obstetricians, and anesthesiologists.
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Baser, O., E. Baser, N. Yapar, and F. Mete. "RWD147 Use of Open Claims Vs Closed Claims on Health Outcomes Research." Value in Health 26, no. 6 (June 2023): S389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.2176.

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Wald, D. S., J. P. Bestwick, and P. Kelly. "The effect of the Montgomery judgment on settled claims against the National Health Service due to failure to inform before giving consent to treatment." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 113, no. 10 (March 19, 2020): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa082.

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Abstract Background A landmark legal judgment in March 2015 (Montgomery) changed the test for determining negligence due to failing to inform patients before consent, by moving away from asking what a reasonable doctor should disclose and asking instead what a reasonable patient would expect to know. Aim We sought to determine the effect Montgomery has had on settled claims due to failure to inform compared with claims for other reasons and whether legal firms are adding contributory claims of failure to inform to other principal allegations of negligence. Methods A Freedom of Information request to NHS Resolution provided data on the number of settled claims against the NHS (2005–19) for any cause and where failure to inform before consent was the principal or contributory cause. Time-series regression was used to compare trends before and after 31 March 2015. Results The trend in claims/year increased 4-fold for failure to inform (an increase of 9.8/year before 2015 vs. 39.5/year after 2015, P < 0.01), 2.7-fold when failure to inform was the principal cause (7.9/year vs. 21.2/year, P = 0.02) and 9.9-fold as a contributory cause (1.9/year vs. 18.3/year, P < 0.01). There was no material difference in claims due to other causes (334/year vs. 318/year, P = 0.84). Conclusions Montgomery has led to a substantial increase in settled claims of failure to inform before consent, with no coincident change in claims for other causes. The increase in contributory compared with principal causes suggests that lawyers are using the judgment to increase the chances of a successful claim against the NHS.
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Malesky, Edmund. "Researching Vietnamese Politics." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 13, no. 3 (2018): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2018.13.3.127.

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In the the spring 2018 issue of Journal of Vietnamese Studies, Martin Gainsborough’s “Malesky vs. Fforde” offers to adjudicate a supposed dispute between two highly cited scholars of modern Vietnamese politics. Purportedly drawing on the philosophical traditions of ontology and epistemology, Gainsborough claims that we can gain traction as a field by looking closely into the preexisting belief systems that scholars bring to their research questions. Along the way, Gainsborough questions the plausibility of my own work and claims that I smuggle “liberal” values into my writing on Vietnam. In this response, I discuss five dimensions in which Gainsborough and I disagree and why they matter for studying Vietnamese politics. I do so by contrasting my choices with Gainsborough’s scholarship (both in “Malesky vs. Fforde” and other work), illustrating how Gainsborough’s research decisions lead him to faulty and damaging conclusions about my work.
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McAuliff, Kelly, Dipti Shah, Cliff Rutter, Timothy Barnett, Elisea Avalos-Reyes, Rashmi Grover, Lucia Feczko, William Cavers, Dorothea J. Verbrugge, and Kjel Andrew Johnson. "Real-world evaluation of oncolytic biosimilar adoption on medication adherence and out-of-pocket costs among members of a national payor." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e23092-e23092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e23092.

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e23092 Background: Biosimilars provide quality, safe, effective, and lower-cost alternative treatment options that have no difference from their reference product. CVS Health® recently launched a biosimilar adoption strategy to expand access to biosimilars and drive sustainable cost savings and options for consumers. The purpose of this study is to compare treatment duration, adherence, and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs between individuals receiving oncology biosimilars versus oncology reference branded products. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult commercial fully insured and Medicare members of a large national payor with ≥1 claim for a physician-administered oncology biosimilar or reference branded product between 12/01/2020 and 11/30/2022. To assess adherence, we compared claims per month, defined as the total claims during the study divided by the number of months patients received medication and time on therapy, defined as the number of months between first claim in period and last claim in period (inclusive). OOP costs, defined as the sum of deductible and applicable coinsurance at the time of visit, were examined as a secondary endpoint. Continuous variables were compared with Student’s t-test; categorical variables were compared with a Chi-squared test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 2,597 individuals were included in the evaluation with between-group differences in age, gender, and agent received (all p < 0.001). 41,182 claims were evaluated; 59.2% were for reference branded products. 3,817 medication combinations were evaluated; 64.2% received a reference branded product. Individuals receiving biosimilar agents had more total claims (mean [standard deviation, SD]: 13.9 [6.3] vs. 13.1 [7.5]; p = 0.003) and claims per month (1.4 [0.5] vs. 1.3 [0.6]; p < 0.001). However, individuals receiving reference branded products had longer time on therapy (10.5 [4.1] vs. 10.0 [3.7] wk; p = 0.006). When examining oncology agents only (n = 1,992), individuals receiving biosimilar agents had more claims per month (1.4 [0.5] vs. 1.3 [0.6]; p < 0.001). In contrast, individuals receiving reference branded products had longer time on therapy (11.0 [4.1] vs. 10.1 [3.7] wk; p < 0.001). Individuals prescribed oncology support reference branded products and oncology treatment reference branded products experienced 475% and 350% higher OOP spend compared to individuals prescribed biosimilars (both p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: This real-world evaluation leveraging administrative claims revealed that individuals receiving oncology biosimilars appear to experience shorter observed time on therapy, higher adherence, and lower OOP spend than individuals receiving reference branded products. Despite superior member-centric outcomes, reference branded products were prescribed more often than biosimilars.
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Ross, Bailey J., Ryan J. Wortman, Olivia C. Lee, Alfred A. Mansour, Wendell W. Cole, and William F. Sherman. "Is Prior Hip Arthroscopy Associated With Higher Complication Rates or Prolonged Opioid Claims After Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Matched Cohort Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 232596712211265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221126508.

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Background: Hip arthroscopy (HA) procedures have increased exponentially in recent years. Their effect on outcomes after subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. Purpose: To compare rates of complications and opioid claims after elective THA among patients with prior HA versus controls. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent THA were identified in the PearlDiver database. Arthroplasty performed for hip fractures and hip avascular necrosis were excluded. Within this population, patients with HA before arthroplasty (n = 3156) were propensity score matched 1:1 with controls on age, sex, US region, and several comorbidities. Rates of medical complications within 90 days and prosthesis-related complications within 2 years were queried. The number of patients with an opioid claim within 0 to 30 days and subsequent opioid claim(s) during the 90-day global period were obtained to assess rates of prolonged opioid use after arthroplasty. Rates of postoperative complications and opioid claims were compared using logistic regression. Results: Patients with prior HA exhibited significantly lower rates of readmission (5.6% vs 7.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.72), pulmonary embolism (0.2% vs 0.6%; OR, 0.45), urinary tract infection (3.1% vs 4.0%; OR, 0.75), and blood transfusion (3.6% vs 6.1%; OR, 0.55). The prior HA cohort also exhibited a significantly lower rate of prosthetic joint infection at 1 year postoperatively (0.6% vs 1.3%; OR, 0.50). Rates of dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, mechanical complications, and aseptic revision arthroplasty were statistically comparable between the cohorts within 2 years. The prior HA cohort was significantly less likely to file persistent opioid claims after 30 days postoperatively, including between 31 and 60 days (27.2% vs 33.1%; OR, 0.74) and 61 to 90 days (16.2% vs 20.9%; OR, 0.71). Conclusion: After elective THA, patients with prior HA exhibited significantly lower rates of medical complications and prolonged opioid claims within 90 days and prosthetic joint infection at 1 year. Rates of all other prosthesis-related complications within 2 years were statistically comparable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Claims vs"

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Zutautaite, Irma, and Sara Granlund. "Greenwashing and Codes of Conduct: Actions vs. Claims." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23512.

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Background: Greenwashing is a constantly growing phenomenon which is known to be an issue created by deceiving marketing strategies. The field of CSR is constantly ex- panding and greenwashing is one of the relatively new and very current issue in today’s society. Therefore the awareness of the issue need to be there for the public to be able to make more informed active decisions. Purpose: This thesis aim to shed light on the current day issue that is greenwashing and its connection to some of the most successful and fastest growing multinational compa- nies within the clothing and retail industry. Method: The thesis is based on a qualitative research approach with consist multiple case study of six multinational clothing and retail companies. The data has been collect- ed through website observations, news articles, media and through a questionnaire based on greenwashing awareness, which was analysed through a interlaced case com- parison. Conclusion: The observation made of six well known clothing brands showed the ex- istence of common trend of companies using a long and complicated way to implement their codes of conduct and therefore making the issue of greenwashing existent. Obvi- ously, this problem has a huge impact on any company’s stakeholders and the actual problem and controversy of this topic is how one could make rational and aware deci- sions if the essential information is difficult to access. Until this issue is highlighted in a public matter, people will stay unaware and inactive to find the information needed to make informed decisions.
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Neuenschwander, Sara. "THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CLAIMS-MAKING: BAHAMIAN ANGLERS VS. NON-RESIDENT SPORTS-FISHERMEN." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3857.

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On January 1, 2007, the Ministry of Agriculture and Marine Resources in the Department of Marine Resources of the Bahamas promulgated significant revisions to their sports-fishing regulations. While the new laws were designed to benefit the Bahamian fisheries, they caused a vociferous uproar among non-resident anglers who frequent the islands of the Bahamas to sports-fish. Of particular concern are the new regulations that limit the maximum weight and number of fish which non-resident anglers may keep on their boat. My research examines the claims-making activities made by American anglers on four different sports-fishermen/cruising forums. The analysis focuses on the motifs, rhetorical idioms, counterrhetorical strategies, and styles among sports-fishermen who fish the Bahamas.
M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
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Smith, Etienne Roche. "A critical analysis of current vs proposed risk underwriting and claims management procedures at Sasguard Insurance Company Ltd." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/847.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since its inception in 1998 as a wholly owned captive insurer, Sasguard has successfully supplied the short-term insurance needs of its parent company, Pioneer Foods Pty Ltd. Although the financial results of Sasguard increased steadily over this entire period, the insurer has never investigated the quality of its service regarding the perceptions of its internal support staff, who represent Sasguard to its client Pioneer. The objective of this research report was to critically analyse the insurer’s current risk underwriting and claims management procedures to determine if the current situation was acceptable and if not, to present proposals to reduce costs and to supply Sasguard’s internal clients (members of the parent company) with a better service. The tasks that were completed for this report were: • a literature study on aspects of risk management directly applicable to Sasguard; • critical analysis of the current risk underwriting and claims management procedures; • identification of shortcomings in the current structure; • collection of responses from internal support staff members by an electronic questionnaire; • critical analysis of those responses; and • proposals which Sasguard can implement to address identified shortcomings. The questionnaire was posted on Pioneer’s intranet site, and the entire population of 30 members was notified by email to complete and submit it within a specified period. Twenty-eight staff members did, with two on leave, for a 93% response rate. The responses were analysed in detail to form the basis of the empirical investigation. They were compared to the writer’s own observations, and together were used to develop conclusions and recommendations which Sasguard can implement in future to reduce both risk and costs associated with claims submitted by its internal clients. The main findings follow. Not enough representatives are at management level. Most (89%) want to increase their background knowledge of insurance, mainly through Sasguard. They want a paperless system to view claims. They were divided on whether to establish a workshop to recover parts of disused vehicles; more study is needed. They want to simplify the process of getting quotes and thus facilitating claims. They want better two-way communication. They favoured using the claims history of a branch, along with other forms of reward, to motivate supervisors and drivers, and others, to reduce the accident rate. The issue of whether out-sourced drivers have increased accident claims needs more study. Indeed, the legal employment status of out-sourced drivers needs to be addressed. Most of the internal client representatives were satisfied with the speed of claims settlement, but nearly a third were not entirely satisfied, which the researcher interprets as a cause for concern. Furthermore, one fourth would consider moving to a traditional insurer; this perception also is worrying and can be addressed, possibly through better understanding of the captive insurer and its practices. Proposals followed from the findings, hopefully to be implemented in due course. While results cannot be generalised, they can be provide insight to other captive insurers, especially those in a manufacturing environment similar to that at Pioneer Foods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanaf die totstandkoming van Sasguard as ‘n alleenbeheerde gevange versekeraar in 1998, was die maatskappy deurgaans instaat om in sy moeder maatskappy se korttermyn verskeringsbehoeftes te voorsien. Alhoewel Sasguard se finansiële resultate vir die totale periode voortdurend gegroei het, het die versekeraar dit nooit voorheen nodig geag om ‘n ondersoek te loods om te bepaal of dit werklik in sy interne kliënte se verskeringsbehoeftes voorsien het aldan nie. Die oogmerk van hierdie navorsingsverslag was om ‘n kritiese analise op die versekeraar se huidige onderskrywings en eise besturingsmetodes toe te pas om daaruit te bepaal of die huidige metodes wel voldoende is aldan nie. Indien daar bevind sou word dat die huidige metodes nie voldoende is nie, voorstelle te ontwikkel om die koste van eise te verminder en ‘n beter diens aan sy interne kliënte te kan lewer. Die voortvloeinde take van die werkstuk is: • ‘n Literatuurstudie op daardie aspekte van risikobestuur wat ‘n direkte invloed op Sasguard se besigheidsomgewing het; • Kritiese analise van die huidige metodes om risko te onderskryf en eise te bestuur; • Om tekortkominge in die huidige struktuur te identifiseer; • Verkryging van die versekeraar se interne ondersteuningspersoneel se opinies deur ‘n elektroniese vraelys; • ‘n Kritiese analise van die respondente se antwoorde; en • Voorstelle wat Sasguard kan gebruik om die geidentifiseerde tekortkominge suksesvol aan te spreek. Die vraelys was op die maatskappy se intranet netwerk geplaas en e-posse is gebruik om elke individuele respondent in kennis te stel om die vraelys te voltooi binne ‘n bepaalde tydperk. ‘n Totaal van 28 uit die 30 populasie het die vraelys voltooi, vir ‘n totale reaksie van 93 persent. Die antwoorde vanaf respondente is getabuleer en het gedien as basis van die empiriese studie. Deur die getabuleerde data met die skrywer se eie observasies te vergelyk kon voorstelle ontwerp word wat die versekeraar in die toekoms kan gebruik om aan die een kant sy blootstelling aan risiko te verminder en aan die ander kant sy eisekoste te verlaag. Die hoofbevindinge van die studie volg hiernaas. ‘n Grooter aantal interne kliënt verteenwoordigers moet op bestuursvlak dien by die interne kliënt. Die meeste van hierdie verteenwoordigers het ‘n behoefte daaraan om hulle verskeringskennis uit te brei, hulle verkies ‘n papierlose sisteem waarop vordering van hulle ingediende eise vertoon word, hulle het ‘n behoefte aan ‘n meer eenvoudige proses om kwotasies te verkry en hulle benodig verbeterde tweerigting kommunikasie. Hulle is optimisties dat aksies waardeur goeie drywers erkenning ontvang ‘n positiewe invloed kan hê op hierdie drywers, asook ander individue, wat daardeur ook toekomstige eise sal verlaag. Die terugvoer was dubbelsinnig rakende die oprigting van ‘n sentrale onderdele verskaffer, die ongeluksratio van uitgekontrakteerde drywers, sowel as die wetlike aspekte rondom die status van hierdie drywers. Areas van kommer is die ontevredenheid van sommige interne verteenwoordigers ten opsigte van die spoed van eise afhandeling, asook die siening dat tradisionele versekering moontlik meer waarde kan bied as gevange versekering. Alhoewel die resultate van hierdie navorsingsprojek nie veralgemeen kan word nie, voorsien dit wel insig aan ander gevange versekeraars, veral vir organisasies wat in dieselfde vervaardigings-sektor as Pioneer Foods sake doen.
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Amrén, Therése. "”En läsande klass – Träna läsförståelse” : Autentiska frågor vs icke autentiska frågor." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31613.

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In this study, I examined how the study guide for A reading class - Practice reading comprehension is used in both theory and in practice, based on the type of questions asked. The aim of the concept is to practice reading comprehension based on five characters: foretell lady, reporter, detective, cowboy and artist. I have studied what type of questions the concept use and categorized these questions as authentic- or non-authentic questions. I have also studied how two teachers in Central Sweden use the concept, what type of questions they ask and then categorized them as authentic- or non-authentic questions. My results shows that the concept of A reading class - Practice reading comprehension use most authentic questions unlike the teachers who use slightly more non-authentic questions. The authentic questions give the students a greater opportunity to speak, unlike the non-authentic questions. When the students speaking space becomes greater the power relationship between the teacher and students becomes more equal.
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Pettinato, Frank Carmen. "A Rural vs. Urban Analysis of Procedures Provided to Medicaid Recipients by Pediatric, General, and Public Health Dentists in the Commonwealth of Virginia: Fiscal Years 1994-1995." VCU Scholars Compass, 2003. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/764.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report the distribution of procedures provided to Virginia Medicaid children by three types of dental providers in rural and urban areas. Methods: Medicaid claims filed for dental patients younger than 21 were obtained and analyzed for fiscal years 1994 and 1995. Dental providers were categorized according to their practice type: general practice (GP), pediatric (PD) and public health (PH) dentists. Each type of practice was categorized as practicing in a Metropolitan, Urban, Rural or Completely Rural location and evaluated for percentages of preventive, diagnostic, and corrective services provided.Results: The number of procedures was shown to differ depending upon: year, practice type, location, significant provider status, and the type of procedure.Conclusion: General, pediatric and public health dentists in Metropolitan and Urban areas perform slightly more diagnostic services and much less corrective services than practitioners in more rural areas.
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Bedük, Selçuk. "Measuring poverty in the EU : investigating and improving the empirical validity in deprivation scales of poverty." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22f61b32-32a3-4fb3-b0ce-67b1b8fe8c00.

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Non-monetary deprivation indicators are now widely used for studying and measuring poverty in Europe. However, despite their prevalence, the empirical performance of existing deprivation scales has rarely been examined. This thesis i) identifies possible conceptual problems of existing deprivation scales such as indexing, missing dimensions and threshold; ii) empirically assesses the extent of possible error in measurement related to these conceptual problems; and iii) offer an alternative way for constructing deprivation measures to mitigate the identified conceptual problems. The thesis consists of four stand-alone papers, accompanied by an overarching introduction and conclusion. The first three papers provide empirical evidence on the empirical consequences of the missing dimensions and threshold problems for the measurement and analysis of poverty, while the fourth paper exemplifies a concept-led multidimensional design that can reduce the error introduced by these conceptual problems. The analysis is generally held for 25 EU countries using European Survey of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC); only in the second paper, the analysis is done for the UK using British Household Panel Survey (BHPS).
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Ming-YanJiang and 江銘彥. "Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention：Chart Review vs. Claims Data." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8zu2b2.

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碩士
國立成功大學
公共衛生研究所
105
INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the incidences varied with populations and definitions of AKI. The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence, predictors, and outcome of AKI in PCI patients, and explored the validity of AKI diagnoses in claims data. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,204 patients undergoing PCIs at a tertiary care center. AKI was defined in accordance with the definition of Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria; dialysis-requiring AKI (AKI-D) was defined as initiation of new dialysis after PCI. We also identified the risk factors associated with the development of AKI and AKI-D and the association between AKI and patient outcomes. RESULTS: The incidence of stage 1, 2, 3 AKI and AKI-D were 9.0%, 1.1%, 2.2%, and 4.4%, respectively. The risk factors associated with development of AKI and AKI-D included poorer baseline kidney function, cardiogenic shock, and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) insertion. The mean length of stay was 6.77 days and AKI is associated with longer length of stay. AKI and AKI-D were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. ICD-9-CM codes for AKI in claims data had a sensitivity of 22.39%, specificity of 98.01%, PPV of 69.23%, and NPV of 86.30%. CONCLUSION: We found that AKI developed in 16.7% of patients, 4.4% of whom required acute dialysis. Baseline renal function markedly increased the risk of the development of AKI or AKI-D. Patients with AKI or AKI-D experienced high risk of in-hospital mortality. Identifying AKI in PCI patients using administrative diagnostic codes will result in an underestimation of the true incidence.
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Russo, Álana Alves Pereira. "Regime jurídico dos julgados de paz portugueses vs. juizados especiais cíveis brasileiros: análise comparativa." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9441.

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Orientação: Paulo José Homem de Sousa Alves de Brito
Os Julgados de Paz fazem parte dos meios alternativos de justiça e têm como base normativa o artigo 209.º, n.º 2, da Constituição da República Portuguesa. Este prevê que, além dos meios tradicionais de justiça, poderão existir Tribunais Arbitrais e Julgados de Paz. Os juizados especiais cíveis fazem parte do poder judiciário brasileiro e a sua criação foi autorizada pelo artigo 98.º, I da Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Da análise da Lei dos Julgados de Paz (Lei n.º 78/2001, de 13/7) contrastando, principalmente, com as Leis números 9.099/1995 e 10.259/2001 (relativas aos Juizados especiais estaduais e federais) é possível encontrar pontos divergentes e convergentes que merecem ser analisados. É esse o objetivo deste trabalho.
Portuguese Constitution provides on article 209.º, n.º 2, the legal basis for arbitral tribunals and small claims courts (Julgados de Paz). In Brazil, small claims courts (Juizados Especiais Cíveis) were also authorized by the Constitution of the Federative Republic (namely by article 98.º, I). The scope of this study is to make a comparative analysis of the legal framework of small claims courts in both countries.
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Cordeiro, Inácio de Assis. "Franquia (Franchising) em Montes Claros: franquia vs comércio local." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/6336.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Gestão Empresarial
O referido projeto tem como objetivo comparar o desenvolvimento das Franquias instaladas no município de Montes Claros – Minas Gerais e seu processo de gestão, comparando-as, com o comércio local, contrastando os níveis de motivação de seus ambos respectíveis gestores e descrever a cultura organizacional de ambas empresas. O comércio local é uma potente organização atribuídas de cultura e desenvolvida à partir de idéias implementadas diretamente por seus gestores, enquanto a Franquia é uma implementação regida por normas e leis padronizadas que limitam o processo de gestão do franqueado, permitindo somente o franqueador reger as leis impostas pelo o mesmo, dando apenas o direito de licença de sua marca. O estudo implicará um comparativo de franquias e comércio local, demonstrando as vantagens e desvantagens de investir na licença ou no direito, tendo como os gestores seus níveis de motivação sendo avaliados e a influência de suas respectíveis culturas organizacionais.
This project aims to compare the development of Franchises installed in Montes Claros - Minas Gerais and its management process, comparing them with the local businesses contrasting the motivation levels of their respective managers and describe the organizational culture for both types of companies. The local trade is a powerful organization and assigned culture developed from ideas implemented directly by their managers, while the franchise is an implementation governed by standards and standardized norms that limit the process of managing the franchisee, the franchiser is allowed only the laws for governing that are imposed by the process, giving just the right brand to your license. The study involves a comparison of franchises and local businesses, demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages for investing in a license, with the motivation levels of the managers being evaluated and the influence of their respective organizational cultures.
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Books on the topic "Claims vs"

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Bonn, Moritz J. Claims: Agreement between the United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany, signed at Bonn May 13, 1992. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1994.

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Iraq. Claims: Agreement between the United States of America and Iraq effected by exchange of notes dated at Baghdad March 27 and 28, 1989. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1995.

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Ethiopia. Claims: Agreement between the United States of America and Ethiopia, signed at Addis Ababa December 19, 1985. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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Cambodia. Claims, agreement between the United States of America and Cambodia, signed at Washington October 6, 1996. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1997.

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Cambrodia. Claims, agreement between the United States of America and Cambodia, signed at Washington October 6, 1996. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1997.

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Czechoslovakia. Claims: Agreement between the United States of America and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, signed at Prague January 29, 1982, with annexes and related exchange of letters and amending agreements effected by exchange of notes signed at Prague February 2, 1982, and exchange of notes dated at Prague February 12, 1982. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1992.

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Gutiérrez, Norma C. Nicaragua: Property claims. [Washington, D.C.]: Law Library of Congress, 1998.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations., ed. Confiscated property of American citizens overseas, cases in Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua: A republican staff report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Bruce C. Veit: Report (to accompany H.R. 713). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Bruce C. Veit: Report (to accompany H.R. 454). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Claims vs"

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Bartłomiejczyk, Magdalena. "Simultaneous interpreting A-B vs. B-A from the interpreters’ standpoint." In Claims, Changes and Challenges in Translation Studies, 239–49. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.50.20bar.

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Cámara Villar, Gregorio. "Federal Reform of Spain vs Secession in Catalonia. Could Constitutional Reform Provide a Response to the Demands Upon Which the Justification for Secession Are Based?" In Claims for Secession and Federalism, 443–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59707-2_26.

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Bourou, Dimitra, Marco Schorlemmer, and Enric Plaza. "Euler vs Hasse Diagrams for Reasoning About Sets: A Cognitive Approach." In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, 151–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15146-0_13.

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AbstractThe literature on diagrammatic reasoning includes theoretical and experimental work on the effectiveness of diagrams for conveying information. One influential theoretical contribution to this field proposes that a notation that is more effective than another would have an observational advantage over it; that is, it would make certain pieces of information observable—by means of some visual, meaning-carrying relationships—that were not observable in the other. Although the notion of observational advantage captures a relevant aspect of the benefit of using one notation over another, we present here an example where this notion is not sufficient to distinguish between a more and a less effective diagram. We suggest to take the theory of observational advantage one step further by linking it to cognitive theories of human conceptualisation and reasoning. Following our previous work, we propose that the act of observing facts about set theory from the geometry of a diagram can be modeled as a conceptual blend of image schemas with parts of the geometric configuration of a diagram. Image schemas are elementary mental structures that crystallize early embodied experiences, allowing agents to make sense of what they perceive by conceptualising it in terms of these structures (e.g., container, link, scale etc.). With our approach, we can extend the theory of observational advantage to take into account the cognitive complexity of the act of observation. Concretely, we present an example of an Euler and a Hasse diagram, and we posit that, while their observational advantage is equivalent, the Hasse diagram requires a much more complex network of conceptual blends to model certain observations made from it. Thus, to reason about certain set-theoretic claims, a Hasse diagram is less cognitively effective than an Euler diagram with equivalent observational advantage. We believe our approach contributes to the theoretical discussion on what factors affect the effectiveness of a diagram, and provides new avenues for the exploration of how the embodied experiences of the users contribute to the way they reason with diagrams.
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Zhang, Kaiqiang. "Challenges of Arbitrators in Inter-State Cases: A Different Cattle of Fish?" In Cofola International 2021, 235–74. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-8639-2021-9.

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Compared to those in international commercial and investment arbitration, arbitrator-challenge practi-ces in inter-state cases are abnormally rare. The reasons behind the asymmetric practices include the ideology towards the role of arbitrators (authority vs. expertise), the effectiveness of enforcement (whether the award can be executed in domestic courts or whether there exist preconditions), and the unique structure and function of the specific tribunals. By virtue of illustrating the rules and practi-ces of the ad hoc tribunal established under Annex VII of the United States Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, and the International Court of Justice, the current standard, “justifiable doubts to the impartiality and independence of arbitrators”, is not interpreted uniformly and somehow unreasonable. To overcome the phenomenon of fragmentation and other problems, the arbitrator-challenge rules in inter-state disputes should not be treated differently and should be harmonized with rules and case laws developed in international commercial and investment arbitration.
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Devi, R. S., Archita Behera, Puyam Devanda Singh, Madhusmita Mahapatra, Bikash Bhattarai, and Padan Kumar Jena. "Tribal Claims vs. Scientific Validation: A Case Study on Two Species of the Order Zingiberales Curcuma longa L. and Costus speciosus Koen." In Ethnopharmacology and Biodiversity of Medicinal Plants, 397–409. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429398193-18.

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Pathak, Rahul. "One Patent Claim vs. Multiple Actors:." In ACS Symposium Series, 103–12. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1363.ch007.

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Lewis, Andrea D. "Perceptions vs Reality." In Preservice Teachers, Social Class, and Race in Urban Schools, 71–81. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95127-7_5.

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Atkins, Sandra L. "Investigating Symbolic Decoding vs. Conceptual Language." In Creating a Language-Rich Math Class, 7–12. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003175698-2.

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Corsbie-Massay, Charisse L’Pree. "Target vs. Total Marketing: The Paradox of Producing Diverse Mainstream Content." In Race/Gender/Class/Media, 237–41. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351630276-53.

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Sium, Bairu. "Myth vs. Reality in Public Education." In How Black and Working Class Children Are Deprived of Basic Education in Canada, 105–31. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-593-9_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Claims vs"

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Fausnight, Ronald L. "A Survey of Gasoline Fuel Deposit Control Additives in the Retail Aftermarket:Performance Claims vs. Chemistry." In International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982712.

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Fuhlbrigge, Anne, Sandi Lane, Hans Petersen, James M. Seltzer, Christopher M. Blanchette, Prakash Navaratnum, and Felicia Allen-Ramey. "A Comparison Of Symptom-Based Vs. Claims-Based Asthma Related Events On Resource Use And Cost." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a2934.

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Dalon, Faustine, Nicolas Roche, Manon Belhassen, Maeva Nolin, Daniel Vesque, Philippe Devillier, Gaetan Deslee, Bruno Housset, Hervé Pegliasco, and Eric Van Ganse. "Comparison of dual vs triple therapies in patients hospitalized for COPD in France: a claims data study." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa4389.

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Bedenbaugh, Angela, Machaon Bonafede, Joanne Wu, Elizabeth Marchlewicz, Vinson Lee, and Jeyanesh Tambiah. "SAT0585 COMPARISON OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS TREATMENT PATTERNS BY RHEUMATOLOGISTS VS. OTHER PROVIDERS IN A U.S. ADMINISTRATIVE CLAIMS DATABASE." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.5212.

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Burger, C. D., B. Wu, P. Classi, and K. Morland. "Comparative Effectiveness of Inhaled Treprostinil vs Iloprost in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: An Analysis of U.S. Administrative Claims Data." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a4912.

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Jayasena, E., and U. Kulatunga. "Assessing delay claims in terms of excusability and criticality of delays in fidic based contracts." In World Construction Symposium - 2023. Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.20.

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Assessment of delays involves complex decision making. Most standard contract forms do not provide guidelines on assessing delay claims; this is left to the professionals who at times tend to make decisions based on experience and subjective judgement. This will not always guarantee consistent decisions. Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism for assessing delay claims in construction industry. Excusability and criticality are the two elements to be considered in assessing a delay. These are governed by the conditions of contract and adopted delay analysis techniques (DATs) respectively. This paper is focused on developing a holistic approach to support the assessment of delay claims in terms of assessing the excusability and appropriateness of DATs. A mixed method approach was adopted for this study with four phases namely; literature review, desk study (based on FIDIC 1999 red book), in-depth expert interviews and a questionnaire survey. Qualitative data obtained through interviews were analysed using content analysis and questionnaire survey findings were statistically analysed. According to the findings, there are 18 major sub-clauses giving rise to excusable delays under FIDIC 1999 red book. In assessing the excusability of delays, the notice requirement, concurrency of delays and the contractor’s obligations of mitigating delays are the important aspects to be considered. In the assessment of criticality, window analysis is the most suitable DAT. However, due to the complexity of the window analysis method, as planned vs. as built method is most commonly practiced in the industry which is considered as simple but less accurate.
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Lai, R. H., S. Grewal, K. Zhu, S. Gray, A. Meyers, L. Padnick-Silver, and B. Lamoreaux. "POS0569 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE, PAIN, AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH CONTROLLED VS. UNCONTROLLED GOUT: A RETROSPECTIVE CLAIMS-BASED COHORT ANALYSIS." In EULAR 2024 European Congress of Rheumatology, 12-15 June. Vienna, Austria. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2024-eular.3027.

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Pavlenishvili, Nino. "CENTRAL STATE VS REGIONAL AUTONOMY - POLITICAL ELITE’S ACTION STRATEGY." In 2024 SoRes Paris –International Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Social Sciences, 11-12 January. Global Research & Development Services, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.0521.

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The role of the autonomous institutions is significant in the elaboration of the specific strategies conducive for the political elite of either regional autonomy or central state to achieve their territorial, political and economic goals. Functional autonomous institutions enable the political elite to mobilize its ethnic group and radicalize demands. Rational assessment of the geographic location, instrumentalization of primordial markers (focus on historical memory) and constructivist ascriptions along with structural situation in and out of both, the autonomy and central state defines contemplated ethnic politics with far-going consequences of the both, central state and autonomy. Autonomy’s political elite activates primordial ascriptions, as well as, constructionist attitudes, considers geographic location to mobilize ethnic followers, press claims for secession and influence central authority to upgrade autonomous status through negotiations or violent confrontation. The Central state political elite’s decision about action strategy selection depends on the structure of situation inside and outside of the country. While operationalizing selected strategy central administration applies primordial and constructivist approaches to impact local authority’s decision- making process. Two autonomous republics of the Russian Federation, Tatarstan and Chechnya, are explored in the first decade after collapse of the Soviet Union to test theoretically identified factors impacting formation of ethnic politics and action strategies in the central state and autonomy. The methods’ triangulation (process-tracing method, discourse analysis of the official document and public speeches and semi-structured interviewing) was utilized to validate the research findings. On its way to upgrade autonomous status, Tatarstan built civic nationalism guaranteeing peaceful coexistence of the ethnic groups. Chechnya’s oppressive historic experience intensified rigid ethnic politics leading to protracted ethnic confrontation.
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Mazure, Gunita, and Lasma Mazure. "Property and casualty insurance market: assessment of trends and fraud cases in Latvia vs Europe." In 24th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2023”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2023.57.053.

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Property and casualty insurance as an umbrella term encompasses various insurance products that cover the risks of damage caused to the assets and provide the liability insurance. As insurance business is related with money people have always tried to perform illegal activities to earn extra income. Insurance fraud as a type of financial crime has existed since the origination of commercial business. Therefore, insurance fraud, its identification and prevention is one of the most topical and essential problems in the insurance industry. The research aim is to assess property and casualty insurance market trends in line with the insurance fraud. The research mainly applies the monographic descriptive method as well as the methods of analysis and synthesis. Content analysis is used to study case laws and analyse insurance fraud cases. The research results demonstrate that in Latvia, the annual amount of compensations paid by insurance companies due to fraudulent claims may range between EUR 7.55 million (in case of 5% fraud) and EUR 30.10 million (in case of 20% fraud). Yet, 20% of fraudulent cases might basically refer to the recent pandemic years like 2021 and 2022. The most popular and serious insurance fraud cases relate to a car theft, staged accidents, submission of false documents and hidden actual causes of the fire in property insurance. The analysed court cases report fine, forced labour and even imprisonment as penalty measures for the committed insurance fraud.
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Ciepielewska, Malgorzata, Jeffrey Zhang, Ying Liu, and Melissa Hagan. "Longer Milestone-Free Time in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treated With IV Edaravone vs Not Treated With IV Edaravone: Results From a US Administrative Claims Analysis (S14.007)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000202256.

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Reports on the topic "Claims vs"

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Calónico, Sebastián, and Hugo R. Ñopo. Returns to Private Education in Peru. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010873.

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The private provision of educational services has been representing an increasing fraction of the Peruvian schooling system, especially in recent decades. While there have been many claims about the differences in quality between private and public schools, there is no complete assessment of the different impacts of these two type of providers on the labor markets. This paper attempts to provide such a comprehensive overview by exploring private-public differences in the individual returns to education in Urban Peru. Exploiting a rich pair of data sets (ENNIV 1997 and 2000) that include questions on type of education (public vs. private) for each educational level (primary, secondary, technical tertiary and university tertiary) to a representative sample of adults, this paper measures the differences in labor earnings for all possible educational trajectories. The results indicate higher returns to education for those who attended private schools than those who attended the public system. Nonetheless, these higher returns also show higher dispersion, reflecting wider quality heterogeneity within the private system. The private-public differences in returns are more pronounced at the secondary than at any other educational level. On the other hand, the private-public differences in returns from technical education are almost nonexistent. A cohort approach paired with a rolling-windows technique allows us to capture generational evolutions of the private-public differences. The results indicate that these differences have been increasing during the last two decades.
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Lee, Jung Eun. Plausible vs. Implausible Tensile Price Claim: Selective Accessibility Model Approach. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-375.

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Gompers, Paul, Joy Ishii, and Andrew Metrick. Incentives vs. Control: An Analysis of U.S. Dual-Class Companies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10240.

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Zhang, Ling, and Eulanda A. Sanders. Pilot Study of Examining the Effectiveness of Cooperative Learning (CL) vs. Individualistic Learning (IL) in Fashion Illustration Class. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-94.

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Tapia, Carlos, Nora Sanchez Gassen, and Anna Lundgren. In all fairness: perceptions of climate policies and the green transition in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2023:5.1403-2503.

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The survey presented in this report reveals that Nordic citizens are concerned about climate change. Many people are willing to increase efforts to fight climate change, even if this entails a personal contribution in terms of higher taxes or behavioural change. The survey shows that different social groups perceive the impacts of climate change and climate mitigation policies in different ways. In general, attitudes towards climate policies and perceptions regarding their fairness are conditioned by socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, employment status, type of housing and transport behaviour. General attitudes towards climate change and climate policies The first part of this report explores general attitudes towards climate change and climate policies. This section shows that seven in ten (71%) respondents think that climate change is a serious or very serious problem, particularly among the youngest age group (18-29 years). Three in four (74%) interviewed persons in this group share this view. Those with a university degree are more concerned about climate change (83%) than those with primary or secondary education (57% and 62%, respectively). Approximately half (48-51%) of respondents in all age groups agree that more financial resources should be invested in preventing climate change, even if this would imply an increase in taxes. The survey results show that women in the Nordic Region are more concerned about climate change than men (79% compared to 64%). It also reveals that people living in urban areas are more worried about climate change (82%) than those who live in towns and suburbs (68%) or in rural areas (62%). Urban dwellers are also more positive about investing more resources in preventing climate change (59%) than those who live in rural areas (39%) and in towns and suburbs (46%). More than half of the respondents (52%) agree that taking further action on climate change would be beneficial for the economy. Students, unemployed and retired people are more likely to agree with this view (55%, 57% and 55%, respectively) than those currently in employment, including the self-employed (50%). Those employed in carbon-intensive sectors are less positive about the expected economic impact of climate policies than those who work in other economic sectors (41% compared to 55%). They are also more concerned about the risk of job losses during the transition to a low-carbon economy than those employed in sectors with lower carbon intensity (37% compared to 24%). Concerns about this issue are also higher among those who live in rural areas (31%) or towns and suburbs (30%) compared to those who live in cities (22%). Present and future effects of climate change mitigation policies on individuals and households The central part of the survey explores perceptions regarding the present and future impacts of climate policies. Such challenges are perceived differently depending on specific sociodemographic conditions. Nearly one fourth (23%) of respondents state that high energy costs mean they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature. Those living in houses report being more impacted (27%) than those living in apartments (18%), and those using fossil fuels to heat their homes are most affected (44%). The risk of energy poverty is also higher among non-EU immigrants to the Nordic Region. Those who say they are struggling to keep their homes at a comfortable temperature range from 23% among Nordic-born citizens to 37% among non-EU immigrants. Nearly three in ten respondents (28%) have modified their transportation behaviour during the last year due to high fuel costs. This proportion is substantially greater among those living in towns and suburbs (32%) compared to those who live in rural areas (29%) or cities (23%). The majority of the Nordic population (52%) states that current climate policies have a neutral effect on their household economies. However, 28% of respondents say they are negatively impacted by climate policies in economic terms. Men report being negatively affected more frequently than women (33% vs 22%, respectively). People who live in houses are more likely to claim they are being negatively impacted than people who live in apartments (31% and 23%, respectively). Nearly half (45%) of the respondents in the Nordic Region agree that climate initiatives will improve health and well-being, and half of the respondents (50%) think that climate change initiatives will lead to more sustainable lifestyles in their area. However, half (51%) of the Nordic population expect to see increases in prices and the cost of living as a consequence of climate policies, and those who believe that climate policies will create jobs and improve working conditions in the areas where they live (31% and 24%, respectively) are outnumbered by those who believe the opposite (35% and 34%, respectively). Fairness of climate policies The last section of the report looks at how the Nordic people perceive the fairness of climate policies in distributional terms. In the survey, the respondents were asked to judge to what extent they agree or disagree that everyone in their country or territory is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of personal earnings, gender, age, country of origin and where they live – cities or rural areas. The results show that the Nordic people believe climate change initiatives affect citizens in different ways depending on their demographic, socioeconomic and territorial backgrounds. More than half of the respondents (56%) disagree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of earnings. Only 22% agree with this statement. Younger age groups are more pessimistic than older age groups on this point (66% in the 18-29 age group compared to 41% in the 65+ group). Almost half of respondents (48%) agree that climate policies are fair from a gender perspective, while 25% disagree with this statement and 23% are neutral. Roughly one in three (30%) respondents in the Nordic Region agree that people are equally affected by climate change initiatives regardless of age, 41% disagree with this statement and 25% are neutral. More than one third (35%) of the Nordic population agree that everyone is equally affected by initiatives to fight climate change regardless of the country of origin, while 34% of them disagree. More than half of respondents (56%) think that the impact of climate initiatives differs between rural and urban areas, while only 22% think that all areas are equally affected. Respondents who live in cities are more likely to respond that climate policy impacts differ between rural and urban areas (60%) than respondents who live in rural areas (55%) and towns and suburbs (53%). One third (33%) of respondents in the survey think that the Sámi population is affected by climate change initiatives to the same extent as the rest of the population. In Greenland, a majority of the population (62%) agrees that the indigenous population in Greenland is equally affected by measures to combat climate change. The results from this survey conducted in the autumn of 2022, show that the population in the Nordic Region perceive the impacts of climate mitigation policies in different ways. These results can raise awareness and stimulate debate about the implementation of climate mitigation policies for a just green transition.
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