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jo_and_rebecca. "Government claims vs reality." Nursing Standard 31, no. 49 (August 2, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.31.49.32.s33.
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Hyman, David A., Joshua Lerner, David J. Magid, and Bernard Black. "Association of Past and Future Paid Medical Malpractice Claims." JAMA Health Forum 4, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): e225436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.5436.
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ImportanceMany physicians believe that most medical malpractice claims are random events. This study assessed the association of prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future paid claims; whether public disclosure of prior paid claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time.ObjectiveTo examine the association of 1 or more prior paid medical malpractice claims with future paid claims.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study assessed the association between prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future claims; whether public disclosure of prior claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time. This retrospective case-control study included all 881 876 licensed physicians in the US. All data analysis took place between July, 2018 and January, 2023.ExposurePaid medical malpractice claims.Main Outcome and MeasuresAssociation between a prior paid medical malpractice claim and likelihood of a paid claim in a future period, compared with simulated results expected if paid claims are random events. Using the same outcomes, we also assessed whether public disclosure of paid claims affects future paid claim rates.ResultsThis study included all 881 876 physicians licensed to practice in the US at the time of the study. Overall, 3.3% of the 841 961 physicians with 0 paid claims in the prior period had 1 or more claims in the future period vs 12.4% of the 34 512 physicians with 1 paid claim in the prior period; 22.4% of the 4189 physicians with 2 paid claims in the prior period; and 37% of the 1214 physicians with 3 paid claims in the prior period. The association between prior claims and future claims was similar for high-medical-malpractice-risk and lower-risk specialties; 1 prior-period claim was associated with a 3.1 times higher likelihood of a future-period claim for high-risk specialties (95% CI, 2.8-3.4) vs a 4.2 times higher likelihood for lower-risk specialties (95% CI, 3.8-4.6). The predictive power of a prior paid claim for future claims declined gradually as the time since the prior claim increased, for prior or future periods up to 10 years. Public disclosure did not affect the association between prior and future paid claims.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of paid medical malpractice claims for all US physicians, a single prior paid claim was associated with substantial, long-lived higher future claim risk, independent of whether a physician was practicing in a high- or low-risk specialty, or whether a state publicly disclosed paid claims. Timely, noncoercive intervention, including education, has the potential to reduce future claims.
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Shany, Yuval. "Contract Claims vs. Treaty Claims: Mapping Conflicts Between Icsid Decisions on Multisourced Investment Claims." American Journal of International Law 99, no. 4 (October 2005): 835–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3396671.
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Rosen, Gerald M., Jeffey M. Lohr, Richard J. McNally, and James D. Herbert. "POWER THERAPIES: EVIDENCE VS MIRACULOUS CLAIMS." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 27, no. 1 (January 1999): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465899271032.
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Poole, de Jongh and Spector ask for empirical research rather than emotive arguments when evaluating EMDR. When one applies this standard, Poole et al.’s remaining points are devoid of substance. EMDR, like other Power Therapies, is a “miracle” cure that has failed.
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Dutton, Richard P., Lorri A. Lee, Linda S. Stephens, Karen L. Posner, Joanna M. Davies, and Karen B. Domino. "Massive Hemorrhage." Anesthesiology 121, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000369.
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Abstract Background: Hemorrhage is a potentially preventable cause of adverse outcomes in surgical and obstetric patients. New understanding of the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock, including development of coagulopathy, has led to evolution of recommendations for treatment. However, no recent study has examined the legal outcomes of these claims. The authors reviewed closed anesthesia malpractice claims related to hemorrhage, seeking common factors to guide future management strategies. Methods: The authors analyzed 3,211 closed surgical or obstetric anesthesia malpractice claims from 1995 to 2011 in the Anesthesia Closed Claims Project. Claims where patient injury was attributed to hemorrhage were compared with all other surgical and obstetric claims. Risk factors for hemorrhage and coagulopathy, clinical factors, management, and communication issues were abstracted from claim narratives to identify recurrent patterns. Results: Hemorrhage occurred in 141 (4%) claims. Obstetrics accounted for 30% of hemorrhage claims compared with 13% of nonhemorrhage claims (P < 0.001); thoracic or lumbar spine surgery was similarly overrepresented (24 vs. 6%, P < 0.001). Mortality was higher in hemorrhage than nonhemorrhage claims (77 vs. 27%, P < 0.001), and anesthesia care was more often judged to be less than appropriate (55 vs. 38%, P < 0.001). Median payments were higher in hemorrhage versus nonhemorrhage claims ($607,750 vs. $276,000, P < 0.001). Risk factors for hemorrhage and coagulopathy were common, and initiation of transfusion therapy was commonly delayed. Conclusions: Hemorrhage is a rare, but serious, cause of anesthesia malpractice claims. Understanding which patients are at risk can aid in patient referral decisions, design of institutional systems for responding to hemorrhage, and education of surgeons, obstetricians, and anesthesiologists.
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Baser, O., E. Baser, N. Yapar, and F. Mete. "RWD147 Use of Open Claims Vs Closed Claims on Health Outcomes Research." Value in Health 26, no. 6 (June 2023): S389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.2176.
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Wald, D. S., J. P. Bestwick, and P. Kelly. "The effect of the Montgomery judgment on settled claims against the National Health Service due to failure to inform before giving consent to treatment." QJM: An International Journal of Medicine 113, no. 10 (March 19, 2020): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa082.
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Abstract Background A landmark legal judgment in March 2015 (Montgomery) changed the test for determining negligence due to failing to inform patients before consent, by moving away from asking what a reasonable doctor should disclose and asking instead what a reasonable patient would expect to know. Aim We sought to determine the effect Montgomery has had on settled claims due to failure to inform compared with claims for other reasons and whether legal firms are adding contributory claims of failure to inform to other principal allegations of negligence. Methods A Freedom of Information request to NHS Resolution provided data on the number of settled claims against the NHS (2005–19) for any cause and where failure to inform before consent was the principal or contributory cause. Time-series regression was used to compare trends before and after 31 March 2015. Results The trend in claims/year increased 4-fold for failure to inform (an increase of 9.8/year before 2015 vs. 39.5/year after 2015, P < 0.01), 2.7-fold when failure to inform was the principal cause (7.9/year vs. 21.2/year, P = 0.02) and 9.9-fold as a contributory cause (1.9/year vs. 18.3/year, P < 0.01). There was no material difference in claims due to other causes (334/year vs. 318/year, P = 0.84). Conclusions Montgomery has led to a substantial increase in settled claims of failure to inform before consent, with no coincident change in claims for other causes. The increase in contributory compared with principal causes suggests that lawyers are using the judgment to increase the chances of a successful claim against the NHS.
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Malesky, Edmund. "Researching Vietnamese Politics." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 13, no. 3 (2018): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2018.13.3.127.
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In the the spring 2018 issue of Journal of Vietnamese Studies, Martin Gainsborough’s “Malesky vs. Fforde” offers to adjudicate a supposed dispute between two highly cited scholars of modern Vietnamese politics. Purportedly drawing on the philosophical traditions of ontology and epistemology, Gainsborough claims that we can gain traction as a field by looking closely into the preexisting belief systems that scholars bring to their research questions. Along the way, Gainsborough questions the plausibility of my own work and claims that I smuggle “liberal” values into my writing on Vietnam. In this response, I discuss five dimensions in which Gainsborough and I disagree and why they matter for studying Vietnamese politics. I do so by contrasting my choices with Gainsborough’s scholarship (both in “Malesky vs. Fforde” and other work), illustrating how Gainsborough’s research decisions lead him to faulty and damaging conclusions about my work.
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McAuliff, Kelly, Dipti Shah, Cliff Rutter, Timothy Barnett, Elisea Avalos-Reyes, Rashmi Grover, Lucia Feczko, William Cavers, Dorothea J. Verbrugge, and Kjel Andrew Johnson. "Real-world evaluation of oncolytic biosimilar adoption on medication adherence and out-of-pocket costs among members of a national payor." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2024): e23092-e23092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e23092.
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e23092 Background: Biosimilars provide quality, safe, effective, and lower-cost alternative treatment options that have no difference from their reference product. CVS Health® recently launched a biosimilar adoption strategy to expand access to biosimilars and drive sustainable cost savings and options for consumers. The purpose of this study is to compare treatment duration, adherence, and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs between individuals receiving oncology biosimilars versus oncology reference branded products. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult commercial fully insured and Medicare members of a large national payor with ≥1 claim for a physician-administered oncology biosimilar or reference branded product between 12/01/2020 and 11/30/2022. To assess adherence, we compared claims per month, defined as the total claims during the study divided by the number of months patients received medication and time on therapy, defined as the number of months between first claim in period and last claim in period (inclusive). OOP costs, defined as the sum of deductible and applicable coinsurance at the time of visit, were examined as a secondary endpoint. Continuous variables were compared with Student’s t-test; categorical variables were compared with a Chi-squared test. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: 2,597 individuals were included in the evaluation with between-group differences in age, gender, and agent received (all p < 0.001). 41,182 claims were evaluated; 59.2% were for reference branded products. 3,817 medication combinations were evaluated; 64.2% received a reference branded product. Individuals receiving biosimilar agents had more total claims (mean [standard deviation, SD]: 13.9 [6.3] vs. 13.1 [7.5]; p = 0.003) and claims per month (1.4 [0.5] vs. 1.3 [0.6]; p < 0.001). However, individuals receiving reference branded products had longer time on therapy (10.5 [4.1] vs. 10.0 [3.7] wk; p = 0.006). When examining oncology agents only (n = 1,992), individuals receiving biosimilar agents had more claims per month (1.4 [0.5] vs. 1.3 [0.6]; p < 0.001). In contrast, individuals receiving reference branded products had longer time on therapy (11.0 [4.1] vs. 10.1 [3.7] wk; p < 0.001). Individuals prescribed oncology support reference branded products and oncology treatment reference branded products experienced 475% and 350% higher OOP spend compared to individuals prescribed biosimilars (both p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: This real-world evaluation leveraging administrative claims revealed that individuals receiving oncology biosimilars appear to experience shorter observed time on therapy, higher adherence, and lower OOP spend than individuals receiving reference branded products. Despite superior member-centric outcomes, reference branded products were prescribed more often than biosimilars.
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Ross, Bailey J., Ryan J. Wortman, Olivia C. Lee, Alfred A. Mansour, Wendell W. Cole, and William F. Sherman. "Is Prior Hip Arthroscopy Associated With Higher Complication Rates or Prolonged Opioid Claims After Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Matched Cohort Study." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 232596712211265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671221126508.
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Background: Hip arthroscopy (HA) procedures have increased exponentially in recent years. Their effect on outcomes after subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) remains unclear. Purpose: To compare rates of complications and opioid claims after elective THA among patients with prior HA versus controls. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent THA were identified in the PearlDiver database. Arthroplasty performed for hip fractures and hip avascular necrosis were excluded. Within this population, patients with HA before arthroplasty (n = 3156) were propensity score matched 1:1 with controls on age, sex, US region, and several comorbidities. Rates of medical complications within 90 days and prosthesis-related complications within 2 years were queried. The number of patients with an opioid claim within 0 to 30 days and subsequent opioid claim(s) during the 90-day global period were obtained to assess rates of prolonged opioid use after arthroplasty. Rates of postoperative complications and opioid claims were compared using logistic regression. Results: Patients with prior HA exhibited significantly lower rates of readmission (5.6% vs 7.3%; odds ratio [OR], 0.72), pulmonary embolism (0.2% vs 0.6%; OR, 0.45), urinary tract infection (3.1% vs 4.0%; OR, 0.75), and blood transfusion (3.6% vs 6.1%; OR, 0.55). The prior HA cohort also exhibited a significantly lower rate of prosthetic joint infection at 1 year postoperatively (0.6% vs 1.3%; OR, 0.50). Rates of dislocation, periprosthetic fracture, mechanical complications, and aseptic revision arthroplasty were statistically comparable between the cohorts within 2 years. The prior HA cohort was significantly less likely to file persistent opioid claims after 30 days postoperatively, including between 31 and 60 days (27.2% vs 33.1%; OR, 0.74) and 61 to 90 days (16.2% vs 20.9%; OR, 0.71). Conclusion: After elective THA, patients with prior HA exhibited significantly lower rates of medical complications and prolonged opioid claims within 90 days and prosthetic joint infection at 1 year. Rates of all other prosthesis-related complications within 2 years were statistically comparable.
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Huijsmans, Marianne, and Daniel K. E. Reisinger. "Modal vs. deictic evidentials in ʔayʔaǰuθəm (Comox-Sliammon)." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 31 (January 11, 2022): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v31i0.5092.
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In this paper, we present novel data from ʔayʔaǰuθəm (a.k.a. Comox-Sliammon; an understudied Salish language) that challenge both the claim that all evidentials are epistemic modals (Matthewson 2012) and the claim that evidentials and modals are distinct, non-overlapping categories (e.g. Aikhenvald 2004, Speas 2010}. We take the defining difference between modal and nonmodal evidentials to be that modal evidentials contribute an at-issue claim involving quantification over possible worlds/situations, whereas nonmodal evidentials do not; both types of evidentials contribute information about the speaker's source of evidence for the proposition. We argue that ʔayʔaǰuθəm has two types of evidentials: one set are epistemic modals, while the other set are nonmodal deictic particles. Though we argue against the claims that evidentials are uniformly modal or nonmodal, we propose that both types of evidentials encode relations between situations (following Speas 2010).
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Bakewell, F., S. Addleman, and V. Thiruganasambandamoorthy. "P010: Use of the emergency department by refugees under the Interim Federal Health Program." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S81—S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.187.
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Introduction: In June 2012, the federal government made cuts to the Interim Federal Health (IFH) Program that reduced or eliminated health insurance for refugee claimants in Canada. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the cuts on emergency department (ED) use among patients claiming IFH benefits. Methods: We conducted a health records review at two tertiary care EDs in Ottawa. We reviewed all ED visits wherein an IFH claim was made at triage, for 18 months before and 18 months after the changes to the program on June 30, 2012 (2011-2013). Claims made before and after the cuts were compared in terms of basic demographics, chief presenting complaints, acuity, diagnosis, presence of primary care, and financial status of the claim. Results: There were a total of 612 IFH claims made in the ED from 2011-2013. The demographic characteristics, acuity of presentation and discharge diagnosis were similar during both the before and after periods. Overall, 28.6% fewer claims were made under the IFH program after the cuts. Of the claims made, significantly more were rejected after the cuts than before (13.7% after vs. 3.9% before, p<0.05). The majority (75.0%) of rejected claims have not been paid by patients. Fewer patients after the cuts indicated that they had a family physician (20.4% after vs. 30% before, p<0.05) yet a higher proportion of these patients were still advised to follow up with their family doctor during the after period (67.2% after vs. 41.8% before, p<0.05). Conclusion: A higher proportion of both rejected and subsequently unpaid claims after the IFH cuts in June 2012 represents a potential barrier to emergency medical care, as well as a new financial burden to be shouldered by patients and hospitals. A reduction in IFH claims in the ED and a reduction in the number of patients with access to a family physician also suggests inadequate care for this population. Yet, the lack of primary care was not reflected in the follow-up advice offered by ED physicians to patients.
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Kim, Dae Hyun, Elisabetta Patorno, Ajinkya Pawar, Hemin Lee, Sebastian Schneeweiss, and Robert J. Glynn. "Measuring Frailty in Administrative Claims Data: Comparative Performance of Four Claims-Based Frailty Measures in the U.S. Medicare Data." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 6 (September 30, 2019): 1120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz224.
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Abstract Background There has been increasing effort to measure frailty in the U.S. Medicare data. The performance of claims-based frailty measures has not been compared. Methods This cross-sectional study included 3,097 community-dwelling fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (mean age 75.6 years) who participated in the 2008 Health and Retirement Study examination. Four claims-based frailty measures developed by Davidoff, Faurot, Segal, and Kim were compared against frailty phenotype, a deficit-accumulation frailty index (FI), and activities of daily living (ADL) dependence using Spearman correlation coefficients and C-statistics. Results Claims-based frailty measures were positively associated with frailty phenotype (prevalence in ≤10th vs >90th percentile: 8.0% vs 41.3% for Davidoff; 5.9% vs 53.1% for Faurot; 3.3% vs 48.0% for Segal; 2.9% vs 51.0% for Kim) and FI (mean in ≤10th vs >90th percentile: 0.17 vs 0.33 for Davidoff; 0.13 vs 0.37 for Faurot; 0.12 vs 0.31 for Segal; 0.10 vs 0.37 for Kim). The age and sex-adjusted C-statistics for frailty phenotype for Davidoff, Faurot, Segal, and Kim indices were 0.73, 0.74, 0.73, and 0.78, respectively, and partial correlation coefficients with FI were 0.18, 0.32, 0.26, and 0.55, respectively. The results for ADL dependence were similar (prevalence in ≤10th vs >90th percentile: 3.7% vs 50.5% for Davidoff; 2.3% vs 55.0% for Faurot; 3.0% vs 38.3% for Segal; 2.3% vs 50.8% for Kim). The age and sex-adjusted C-statistics for the indices were 0.79, 0.80, 0.74, and 0.81, respectively. Conclusions The choice of a claims-based frailty measure can influence the identification of older adults with frailty and disability in Medicare data.
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Mukhopadhyay, Subhodeep. "Divergent Perspectives: USCIRF vs. Public Opinion on Religious Freedom in India." Praxis International Journal of Social Science and Literature 6, no. 8 (August 25, 2023): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51879/pijssl/060817.
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The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF), a U.S. government body, has expressed significant concerns about the state of religious freedom in India in recent years. It has particularly highlighted what it alleges to be a decline in religious freedom, especially since the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) assumed power in May 2014. The USCIRF’s annual reports claim that Hindu groups routinely orchestrate violence against Muslims, Christians and other minorities, often with the tacit support of the Indian State and its various organs. This paper examines the commission’s claims regarding worsening religious freedom in India, specifically examining the alignment of these claims with public opinion on the matter. A quantitative analysis of 19 years' worth of Google Trends data is conducted to evaluate if public opinion on religious freedom has significantly worsened, since the BJP came to power. The study examines 9 specific dimensions of religious freedom in India. Results show that 8 out of the 9 dimensions display a statistically significant decline in search volumes after mid-2014. In these 8 cases, the average decline in web searches is more than 75%, indicative of a sharp relative decrease in perception of worsening religious situation in India, which is quite contrary to the USCIRF’s allegation of increasing religious intolerance.
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Bobrova, Angelina, and Ahti-Veikko Pietarinen. "Modular vs. diagrammatic reasoning." Pragmatics and Cognition 29, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.21002.pie.
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Abstract Mercier and Sperber (MS) have ventured to undermine an age-old assumption in logic, namely the presence of premise-conclusion structures, in favor of two novel claims: that reasoning is an evolutionary product of a reason-intuiting module in the mind, and that theories of logic teach next to nothing about the mechanisms of how inferences are drawn in that module. The present paper begs to differ: logic is indispensable in formulating conceptions of cognitive elements of reasoning, and MS is no less exempt from taking notice of premise-conclusion structures than the commonplace theories of reasoning are. Our counterclaim is realized in terms of diagrammatic reasoning dating back to Charles Peirce’s pragmaticism. The upshot is that pragmatist logic restores the premise-conclusion structures in argumentation, supplants reason-intuition module with logical content, and validates good reasoning as an indispensable resource evident to all rational minds that claim ownership of reason and understanding.
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Allais, Stephanie. "Claims vs. practicalities: lessons about using learning outcomes." Journal of Education and Work 25, no. 3 (July 2012): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2012.687570.
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Rodriguez, Victor. "Material transfer agreements: open science vs. proprietary claims." Nature Biotechnology 23, no. 4 (April 2005): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0405-489.
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Aagerup, Ulf, Anna-Sofia Frank, and Evelina Hultqvist. "The persuasive effects of emotional green packaging claims." British Food Journal 121, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 3233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2019-0652.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of rational green packaging claims vs emotional green packaging claims on consumers’ purchase propensity for organic coffee. Design/methodology/approach Three within-subjects experiment were carried out (N=87, N=245, N=60). The experimental design encompasses packaging with rational green claims, emotional green claims, as well as a neutral (control) claim. Measured variables are introduced to assess participants’ environmental commitment and information processing ability. A manipulated between-subjects variable is introduced to test how distraction interacts with preference for the claims. Findings Overall, consumers prefer products with green claims over those with neutral (control) claims, and products with emotional green claims to those with rational green claims. The studies also reveal that this effect is moderated by participants’ environmental commitment, information processing ability and by distraction. The findings were statistically significant (p<0.05). Research limitations/implications As a lab experiment, the study provides limited generalizability and external validity. Practical implications For most organic FMCG products, it is advisable to employ emotional packaging claims. Social implications The presented findings provide marketers with tools to influence consumer behavior toward sustainable choices. Originality/value The paper validates previous contributions on the effects of product claim types, and extends them by introducing comprehensive empirical data on all the Elaboration Likelihood Model’s criteria for rational decision-making; motivation, opportunity and ability.
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Berhaupt-Glickstein, A., and W. K. Hallman. "An Investigation of the Contested Qualified Health Claims for Green Tea and Cancer." Journal of Consumer Policy 44, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-021-09481-5.
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AbstractThere have been seven qualified health claims (QHCs) in the marketplace about the relationship between the consumption of green tea and the reduced risk of breast and/or prostate cancers that were written by three stakeholders (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Fleminger, Inc. (tea company), and the Federal Court). This paper evaluates assertions about the effects of these claims on consumers, which were contested in a federal lawsuit. Using a 2 × 7 experimental design, 1,335 Americans 55 years and older were randomized to view one QHC about green tea and cancer, or an identical QHC about a novel diet-disease relationship; yukichi fruit juice and gastrocoridalis. The results show that differing stakeholder descriptions of the same evidence significantly affected consumer perceptions. For example, QHCs written by Fleminger, Inc. were rated as providing greater evidence for the green tea-cancer claim. An FDA summary statement implied mandatory (vs. voluntary) labelling and greater effectiveness, and qualitative descriptions suggested that greater evidence existed for the claims (vs. quantitative descriptions). Greater evidence was also inferred for familiar claims (green tea and cancer).
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DeAtley, Teresa, Andrea C. Johnson, Matthew D. Stone, Janet Audrain-McGovern, Melissa Mercincavage, and Andrew A. Strasser. "Effects of Modified Tobacco Risk Products with Claims and Nicotine Features on Perceptions among Racial and Ethnic Groups." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 6454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156454.
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Research suggests consumers may misunderstand modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims. We examined the effects of nicotine content across four tobacco products with and without MRTP claims among a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adults who do and do not smoke. Adults (n = 1484) aged 21–65 completed an online experiment using a 2 × 2 × 4 mixed factorial design to examine the effects of tobacco product (Classic White Snus, IQOS, JUUL e-cigarette, and VLN cigarette) and nicotine content (high vs. low) stratified by MRTP claim (present vs. absent) across four outcomes: (1) likely to try (2) serious disease if used regularly, (3) least addictive, and (4) ease of quitting smoking. Not including an MRTP claim resulted in an increased likelihood of trying a product, decreased concern of serious disease, lower perceived addictiveness, and increased ease of quitting smoking. Participants selected low nicotine IQOS without a claim as the least likely to cause serious disease. Low nicotine JUUL, without a claim, was selected as least addictive and most likely to facilitate quitting. Intentions to try were highest for low nicotine JUUL. Participants selected low-nicotine products as less addictive than high nicotine products. Regulatory efforts should consider how MRTP claims interact with different product characteristics. Subtle differences exist across outcomes between racial and ethnic groups, which indicates that further research is warranted.
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Wagoner, Kimberly G., Micah Berman, Shyanika W. Rose, Eunyoung Song, Jennifer Cornacchione Ross, Elizabeth G. Klein, Dannielle E. Kelley, Jessica L. King, Mark Wolfson, and Erin L. Sutfin. "Health claims made in vape shops: an observational study and content analysis." Tobacco Control 28, e2 (May 23, 2019): e119-e125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054537.
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BackgroundPrior to the final deeming rule, federal law in the USA prohibited electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) from being marketed as smoking cessation products; for other therapeutic purposes and in ways that conveyed Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval/endorsement. After August 2016, additional federal prohibitions were added including false/misleading and unauthorised modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) claims. No systematic investigation of e-cigarette health claims has been conducted in the retail environment. We sought to document and characterise claims made in vape shops.MethodsBetween November 2015 and February 2016, before final deeming rule implementation, two trained data collectors conducted unannounced observational assessments of 46 vape shops in North Carolina. Data collectors used wearable imaging technology to document health claims about e-cigarettes. Photos were coded for five claim types: (1) cessation device; (2) drug effect/device; (3) FDA-approved/endorsed; (4) false/misleading and (5) MRTP. Photos were double coded; differences between coders were adjudicated and reviewed by an expert panel.ResultsAt least one health claim was displayed in 41.3% (n=19) of retailers, ranging from 0 to 27 claims per retailer. All claim types were found. Cessation device claims were the most prevalent (62.2%, n=84), followed by MRTP (27.4%, n=37), drug effect/device (8.1%, n=11), false/misleading (1.5%, n=2), and FDA approved/endorsed (0.7%, n=1). Retail chains made the majority of claims compared with independent shops (88.9% vs 11.1%).ConclusionsMany vape shops displayed e-cigarette health claims, which are all now FDA prohibited. These claims could mislead consumers and influence behaviour. Findings highlight the need for retailer education, continued surveillance, enforcement specific to advertising and research on consumer perceptions of claims.
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Passini, Stefano, and Davide Morselli. "Supporting protest movements: the effect of the legitimacy of the claims." International Journal of Psychological Research 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.1506.
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Past research has investigated the motivations behind support to protest actions by mainly focusing on the relationship between the perceptions of protest movements and support itself. The aim of the present research is to extend this research also by considering the qualitative content of the claims advanced by the protesters. We analyzed whether supporting a protest depends on the legitimacy of the advanced claim (i.e. in terms of adherence to democratic principles) or on the legitimacy attributed to that group. One hundred and eighty Italian citizens (45.9 % women; M age = 41.64, SD = 13.69) responded to an online questionnaire concerning a protest movement. The design included 2×2 conditions: non-threatening vs. threatening type of group and unbound vs. restricted protesters’ claims. The results showed that support given to the protest is overlooked when the group is perceived as more threatening. However, the perception of the protest group has no effect on value-oriented participants who instead focus on the claims.
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Stoltze, Fernanda Mediano, Marcela Reyes, Lindsey Smith Taillie, Teresa Correa, Camila Corvalan, and Francesca Dillman Carpentier. "Prevalence of Health and Nutrient Content Marketing Strategies on Breakfast Cereal Packages Before and After a Countrywide Marketing and Labeling Regulation: A Focus on Chile." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa064_013.
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Abstract Objectives Chile's Food Labeling Law requires packaged foods that exceed certain thresholds for sugars, saturated fats, sodium, and calories to use one or more front of package warning logos identifying the excessive nutrient, and restricts the use of nutrient claims (e.g., lower sugar) contradicting its warning (e.g., high in sugar). We examined health- and nutrition-related marketing on breakfast cereals packages that did vs. did not qualify for a “high in” logo in packages photographed before and after the law implementation. Methods Photographs were taken in 6 supermarkets in Santiago before (n = 168) and after (n = 146) implementation. Breakfast cereals were classified by whether or not they had high levels of sugar, sodium, saturated fat, or calories according to the regulation, and thus were required to carry a warning label. Packages were analyzed for the presence of low-in and high-in nutrient claims and the following health appeals: health benefits, general healthiness, healthy habit recommendations, and medical endorsements. Results About 79% of products at pre-implementation and 59% of products at post-implementation qualified as “high in.” Of the post-implementation “high in” products, 93% displayed at least one warning logo. Comparing pre-implementation vs. post-implementation, the percentage of “high in” products that used at least one nutrient claim (92% vs. 86%) or health appeal (81% vs. 77%) did not change significantly. However, low-in claims (51% vs. 29%) and health benefit claims (10% vs. 1%), specifically, decreased after implementation, P < .05. Among “non high in” packages, the percentage of products that used health appeals (75% vs. 95%) increased post-implementation, P < .05. Medical endorsements, specifically, were less prevalent at post-implementation among both “high in” (from 23% to 0%) and “non high in” products (from 25% to 5%), P < .05. Conclusions After implementation of the Chilean law, 93% of “high in” breakfast cereal packages complied with the use of warning logos. Featuring these warnings appears to have reduced the prevalence of “low in” claims among “high in” cereals. However, the law did not appear to affect the prevalence of other health- and nutrient-related marketing strategies. Funding Sources Bloomberg Philanthropies, International Development Research Center, and Chilean National Agency of Research and Development.
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Boudewyns, Vanessa, and Pamela A. Williams. "Content analysis of comparative claims in drug advertisements." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 10, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-09-2014-0055.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the trends and practices of comparative prescription drug advertising by examining the types of comparative claims made in direct-to-consumer (DTC) and direct-to-physician (DTP) print advertisements. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a content analysis of 54 DTC and DTP print prescription drug advertisements (published between 1997 and 2014) with comparative claims. Findings Efficacy-based comparisons appeared in 64 per cent of advertisements, and attribute-based comparisons appeared in 37 per cent of advertisements. Most advertisements made direct (vs indirect) references to competitors (85 per cent), compared the advertised drug to a single (vs multiple) competitor (78 per cent), focused exclusively on one type of comparison claim (i.e. efficacy-, risk- or attribute-based) (70 per cent) and did not contain data-driven visual aids (82 per cent). Some differences between DTC and DTP advertisements emerged. More DTP than DTC advertisements included data-driven visual aids (82 per cent vs 0 per cent, respectively), included numerical data (88 per cent vs 53 per cent) and conveyed statistical significance (52 per cent vs 12 per cent). Research limitations/implications The study used a convenience sample rather than a random sample of advertisements; thus, the findings might not be generalizable to all pharmaceutical DTC and DTP advertisements. Examining the tactics that advertisers use to educate and influence consumers and physicians sets the foundation for future studies that examine the effects of their exposure to comparative claims. Suggestions for future research are discussed. Originality/value This study is the first to examine and statistically compare the comparative advertising tactics used in both consumer and physician prescription drug advertisements.
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Heck, Patrick R., and Joachim I. Krueger. "Social Perception of Self-Enhancement Bias and Error." Social Psychology 47, no. 6 (November 2016): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000287.
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Abstract. How do social observers perceive and judge individuals who self-enhance (vs. not)? Using a decision-theoretic framework, we distinguish between self-enhancement bias and error, where the former comprises both correct and incorrect self-perceptions of being better than average. The latter occurs when a claim to be better than others is found to be false. In two studies, we find that when judging people’s competence, observers are sensitive to the accuracy of self-perception. When judging their morality, however, they tend to respond negatively to any claims of being better than average. These findings are further modulated by the domain of performance (intelligence vs. moral aptitude). Implications for the strategic use of self-enhancement claims are discussed.
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Rodgers, Lamont. "Exploitation as Theft vs. Exploitation as Underpayment." Disputatio 7, no. 40 (May 1, 2015): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2015-0003.
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Abstract Marxists claim capitalists unjustly exploit workers, and this exploitation is to show that workers ought to hold more than they do. This paper presents two accounts of exploitation. The Theft Account claims that capitalists steal some of the value to which workers are entitled. The Underpayment Account holds that capitalists are not entitled to pay workers as little as they do, even if the workers are not entitled to the full value they produce. This paper argues that only the Theft Account can explain why workers ought to hold more than they do. The Underpayment Account cannot yield this conclusion. The Theft Account is superior to the Underpayment Account insofar as exploitation is to be an injustice—a wrong that requires the exploited party to hold more.
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Duran, Ana Clara, Camila Zancheta Ricardo, Laís Amaral Mais, Ana Paula Bortoletto Martins, and Lindsey Smith Taillie. "Conflicting Messages on Food and Beverage Packages: Front-of-Package Nutritional Labeling, Health and Nutrition Claims in Brazil." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (December 5, 2019): 2967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11122967.
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We assessed the prevalence of front-of-package (FoP) claims in the Brazilian packaged food supply and examined whether foods with claims were more likely to be high in critical nutrients. Using data from a random 30% subsample of 11,434 foods and beverages collected in the five largest food retailers in Brazil in 2017 (n = 3491), we classified claims into nutrition, health, and environment. We examined whether foods with claims were more likely to be high in critical nutrients using 95% confidence intervals. Claims were found in 41.2% of the products. Nutrition claims were the most prevalent (28.5%), followed by health (22.1%), and environment-related claims (5.2%). More than 85% of the breakfast cereals, granola bars, and nectars contained claims, which were found in 51% of the dairy beverages. Foods with nutrition claims were more likely to be high in critical nutrients (65.3%; 95% CI 62.3, 68.2% vs. 54.1% 95% CI 52.1, 56.0). Products with health (52.9%; 95% CI 49.3, 56.4% vs. 58.5%; 95% CI 56.6, 60.3) and environment-related claims (33.5%; 95% CI 27.0, 40.8% vs. 58.6%; 95% CI 56.9, 60.2%) were less likely to be high in critical nutrients. FoP claims are prevalent in Brazil, and nutrition claims are more likely to have a poorer nutritional profile. Policymakers should consider restricting the presence of claims on unhealthy products.
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Schmeiser, Hato, and Carolina Orozco-Garcia. "The merits of pooling claims: Mutual vs. stock insurers." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 99 (July 2021): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2021.02.002.
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Nunziante, Marco, and Radwan Kassir. "Malpractice Claims in Bariatric Surgery in Spain vs France." Obesity Surgery 30, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3598–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-020-04671-5.
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Johnson, Ilene Davidson. "Occurrence vs Claims-Made Medical Professional Liability Insurance Policies." JAMA 266, no. 11 (September 18, 1991): 1570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1991.03470110116045.
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Webermann, Aliya R., Mayumi O. Gianoli, Marc I. Rosen, Galina A. Portnoy, Tessa Runels, and Anne C. Black. "Military sexual trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder service-connection: Characteristics of claimants and award denial across gender, race, and compared to combat trauma." PLOS ONE 19, no. 1 (January 11, 2024): e0280708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280708.
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The current study characterizes a cohort of veteran claims filed with the Veterans Benefits Administration for posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to experiencing military sexual trauma, compares posttraumatic stress disorder service-connection award denial for military sexual trauma-related claims versus combat-related claims, and examines military sexual trauma -related award denial across gender and race. We conducted analyses on a retrospective national cohort of veteran claims submitted and rated between October 2017-May 2022, including 102,409 combat-related claims and 31,803 military sexual trauma-related claims. Descriptive statistics were calculated, logistic regressions assessed denial of service-connection across stressor type and demographics, and odds ratios were calculated as effect sizes. Military sexual trauma-related claims were submitted primarily by White women Army veterans, and had higher odds of being denied than combat claims (27.6% vs 18.2%). When controlling for age, race, and gender, men veterans had a 1.78 times higher odds of having military sexual trauma-related claims denied compared to women veterans (36.6% vs. 25.4%), and Black veterans had a 1.39 times higher odds of having military sexual trauma-related claims denied compared to White veterans (32.4% vs. 25.3%). Three-fourths of military sexual trauma-related claims were awarded in this cohort. However, there were disparities in awarding of claims for men and Black veterans, which suggest the possibility of systemic barriers for veterans from underserved backgrounds and/or veterans who may underreport military sexual trauma.
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ADAMS, DON. "Aristophanes vs. Socrates." Dialogue 53, no. 4 (June 10, 2014): 691–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001221731400047x.
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In Plato’s Apology, Socrates claims that phthonos and diabolē caused Aristophanes to become one of his accusers. Either Socrates is blowing things out of proportion because Aristophanes was clearly just kidding around, or we are wrong to pass Aristophanes’ humour off as ‘just kidding around.’ In this paper, I defend the second alternative. I argue that Aristophanes is a specific kind of social conservative and that Socrates was the sort of social liberal that bothered Aristophanes. I conclude that Clouds is not innocent, but is, as Socrates claimed, driven by phthonos and diabolē.
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Tan, Stan B.-H., and Andrew Walker. "Beyond Hills and Plains: Rethinking Ethnic Relations in Vietnam and Thailand." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 3, no. 3 (2008): 117–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2008.3.3.117.
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Relations between highlanders, migrant-settlers, and the state are often described in terms of conflict. This is informed by two assumptions: (1) the highlands and their inhabitants are characterized by cultural and ecological separation from the lowlands and (2) encounters in the highlands are characterized by a unidirectional homogenizing process. In this conversation, we propose alternative models of transformation in the Vietnamese and Thai uplands. We view the uplands as a "middle ground" of negotiation and compromise, and we describe state formation in terms of localized genesis in which the state form is reshaped as it asserts its claims on the frontier.
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Gillespie, John, Thang Nguyen, Canh Le, and Hung Nguyen. "From “Weak” to “Strong” Sustainability: Protesting for Environmental Justice in Vietnam." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 14, no. 3 (2019): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2019.14.3.1.
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Rapid industrialization has come at a high cost to the natural environment in Vietnam. Frustrated with regulatory inaction, Vietnamese citizens from many social backgrounds have taken direct action to protect their country’s natural environment. Most studies about environmental disputes in Vietnam have focused on large-scale conflicts, leaving smaller-scale rural disputes comparatively under researched. Drawing on in-depth interviews, this article explores how knowledge about environmental activism can transform the claims made in small-scale disputes. It examines why these disputes can sometimes succeed in mitigating environmental harm when complaints through administrative and judicial avenues fail.
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Lawson, Heather M. "Science vs. Non-Science, Natural vs. Constructed Who is in Charge of Sorting Claims?" International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities 10, no. 1 (August 2, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7710/2155-4838.1184.
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Ferdows, Nasim B. "Rural and Urban Difference in Longitudinal Trends in Prevalence of Dementia in Medicare Claims and Survey Data." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.063.
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Abstract Shortage of physicians in rural areas can lead to lower diagnosis and underestimation of dementia prevalence in these communities. We used data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study and a 20-percent sample of Medicare claims to study rural-urban differences in dementia prevalence. The survey dementia diagnosis is free from medical assessment while the claims diagnosis needs a physician diagnosis. We estimated the trends in dementia prevalence from (2002-2016) based on cognitive tests (using survey data) and diagnosis codes (using claims data) utilizing ordinary least squares regression. Dementia prevalence based on diagnosis codes declined in both urban and rural areas over the course of the study, with a sharper decline in urban areas. Dementia prevalence using diagnosis codes showed significantly higher rates in urban areas during all years (0.024 vs 0.018 in 2002 and 0.017 vs 0.013 in 2014 in rural vs urban areas, respectively). Dementia in the cognitive test sample was higher in rural areas (0.11 vs 0.08 in 2000 and 0.08 vs 0.7 in 2014 in rural vs urban areas), a difference that was significant only in 2004. Our results indicate lower dementia prevalence rates in rural areas in claims based sample compared to survey sample which its dementia prevalence is free medical assessment. Claims data are valuable sources for tracking dementia in the US population, however they are based on medical diagnosis.In rural areas, where there is shortage of physicians and a lack of access to health care services, claims based studies may underestimate dementia rates.
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Sun, Peter, Zhimei Liu, Michael Kohrman, and John Bissler. "Real-world treatment profile for patients with tuberous sclerosis complex related angiomyolipoma: A U.S. Healthcare Claims Database study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e15096-e15096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e15096.
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e15096 Background: Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign neoplasm associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The objective of this study is to examine the treatment profile for patients with TSC related AML in a real world setting. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed using a large US commercial healthcare claims database. Patients with a TSC claim (ICD-9CM: 759.5X) and an AML claim (ICD-9CM: 223.0X) between 2000 and 2009 and with continuous 12-month health plan enrollment after their first AML claim were included into the study. The utilization rates of thirty two medication groups, eight procedure categories, five service places and fifteen provider types were assessed and ranked respectively for the year before first AML claim and the year after the first AML claim. Repeated measures analysis was used to compare these utilization rates between the last pre-AML year and the first post-AML year. Results: The study included 180 patients with a mean age of 28.2 years on their first AML claims, and 67.8% were females. During the first post-AML year, the top five medication groups were central nervous system medications (59.4%), anti-infective agents (50.6%), hormones & synthetic substance (22.8%), cardiovascular agents (18.9%), and autonomic drugs (17.8%); the most commonly used outpatient procedures were evaluation & management procedures (99.4%), anesthesia procedures (99.4%), surgical procedures (72.8%), radiology procedures (96.1%), and medicine procedures (100.0%). More patients consume the following care in the first post-AML year than in the last pre-AML year: anti-infective agents (50.6% vs. 35.0%, p<0.05), surgical procedures (72.8% vs. 60.6%, p<0.05), emergency rooms care (31.1% vs. 18.3%, p<0.05), urologists’ care (38.9% vs. 16.1%, p<0.05), nephrologists’ care (22.3% vs. 11.7%, p<0.05). Conclusions: In a real world setting and among TSC patients with AML, treatment profile changed after the first observed AML diagnosis. Further research is needed to examine the impact of these changes on economic and clinical outcomes of healthcare for patients with TSC related AML.
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Houtchens, Maria K., Natalie C. Edwards, Gary Schneider, Kevin Stern, and Amy L. Phillips. "Pregnancy rates and outcomes in women with and without MS in the United States." Neurology 91, no. 17 (September 28, 2018): e1559-e1569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000006384.
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ObjectiveTo compare pregnancy prevalence and complications in women with and without multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsThis retrospective US administrative claims study used data from January 1, 2006, to June 30, 2015. All data for women with MS were included. A nationally representative 5% random sample from approximately 58 million women without MS was used to compute the dataset. Annual pregnancy rates, identified via diagnosis/procedure codes and adjusted for covariates, were estimated via logistic regression. Claims for pregnancy and labor/delivery complications were compared using propensity score matching.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2014, the adjusted proportion of women with MS and pregnancy increased from 7.91% to 9.47%; the adjusted proportion without MS and with pregnancy decreased from 8.83% to 7.75%. The difference in linear trend (0.17% increase and 0.15% decrease in per-annum pregnancy rates) was significant (t statistic = 7.8; p < 0.0001). After matching (n = 2,115 per group), a higher proportion of women with MS than without had claims for premature labor (31.4% vs 27.4%; p = 0.005), infection (13.3% vs 10.9%; p = 0.016), cardiovascular disease (3.0% vs 1.9%; p = 0.028), anemia/acquired coagulation disorders (2.5% vs 1.3%; p = 0.007), neurologic complications (1.6% vs 0.6%; p = 0.005), sexually transmitted diseases (0.4% vs 0.1%; p = 0.045), acquired fetal damage (27.8% vs 23.5%; p = 0.002), and congenital fetal malformations (13.2% vs 10.3%; p = 0.004).ConclusionsPregnancy rates in this population of women with MS have been increasing. High rates of claims for several peripartum complications were observed in women with and those without MS. Claims data provide knowledge of interactions patients have with the health care system and are valuable initial exploratory analyses.
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Parthan, Anju, Deepa Lalla, Art Small, and Melissa Brammer. "The impact of site of care (office clinic versus hospital outpatient) on treatment patterns in HER2-positive breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): e11077-e11077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e11077.
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e11077 Background: This study examines treatment (tx) patterns in patients (pts) with breast cancer (BC) receiving trastuzumab (T) in a physician clinic (MD) & outpatient hospital (HOSP) setting. Methods: Pts ≥18 yrs with BC (≥2 claims with ICD-9-CM 174.xx, ≥30 days apart) and ≥2 T claims from 1/1/2006 to 12/31/2010 were identified from a large US commercial insurance claims database. Pts continuously enrolled for ≥ 6mths before & after index date (date of 1st T claim) were included. Pts receiving T at both sites of care, receiving T before the index date &/or pts with > 1 primary cancer were excluded. Metastatic (mBC) vs. early stage (ESBC) tx was identified by presence of ≥2 claims of metastases after index date. Pts were followed from index date to 30 days after the last infusion prior to a gap of ≥ 90 days, death, disenrollment, or end of study period. Pts were stratified by site of care- MD or HOSP. Descriptive & multivariate analyses were conducted to examine differences in tx patterns (duration and doses/mo) & number of missed doses during the tx period. Results: 2,823 BC pts receiving T were identified; 480 (17%) were treated for mBC. Most patients received T in the MD setting (94% ESBC pts and 87% of MBC pts). Compared to the MD setting, pts treated in the HOSP were more likely to be older (ESBC: 61 vs 53 yrs; MBC: 64 vs 54 yrs; each p <0.001) & have Medicare benefits (ESBC: 54% vs 7%; MBC: 63% vs 9%; each p <0.001). There was no difference in mean baseline Charlson comorbidity index in any group. Mean T duration in HOSP was significantly shorter vs MD among ESBC pts (303 & 333 days, p<0.05) but not MBC pts (313 for HOSP vs 355 days for MD, p>0.05). Compared to the MD setting, HOSP treated patients had more treatment gaps of 30-59 days (ESBC: 58% vs 25%; MBC 56% vs 27%; each p<0.001) and fewer infusions/month (ESBC: mean 1.45 vs 1.99; MBC 1.54 vs 2.07; each p<0.001). In multivariate analyses, infusion counts remained lower among HOSP treated patients (ESBC: IRR 0.74, CI 0.67-0.79; MBC: IRR 0.76, CI 0.66-0.87). Conclusions: MBC and ESBC pts treated in the MD setting were younger and received more infusions with fewer treatment gaps than HOSP pts. Further research assessing the impact of these differences in tx patterns on clinical outcomes is needed.
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Kozlowski, Steven, Andrew Kwist, Rowan McEvoy, Nirabh Koirala, Yoganand Chillarige, Jeffrey A. Kelman, and David J. Graham. "Biosimilar Uptake in Medicare Advantage vs Traditional Medicare." JAMA Health Forum 4, no. 12 (December 28, 2023): e234335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2023.4335.
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Bernstein, Jodi T., Beatriz Franco-Arellano, Alyssa Schermel, Marie-Ève Labonté, and Mary R. L’Abbé. "Healthfulness and nutritional composition of Canadian prepackaged foods with and without sugar claims." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 11 (November 2017): 1217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0169.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in calories, nutrient content, overall healthfulness, and use of sweetener ingredients between products with and without sugar claims. Consumers assume products with sugar claims are healthier and lower in calories. It is therefore important claims be found on comparatively healthier items. This study is a cross-sectional analysis of the University of Toronto’s 2013 Food Label Database. Subcategories where at least 5% of products (and n ≥ 5) carried a sugar claim were included (n = 3048). Differences in median calorie content, nutrient content, and overall healthfulness, using the Food Standards Australia/New Zealand Nutrient Profiling Scoring criterion, between products with and without sugar claims, were determined. Proportion of products with and without claims that had excess free sugar levels (≥10% of calories from free sugar) and that contained sweeteners was also determined. Almost half (48%) of products with sugar claims contained excess free sugar, and a greater proportion contained sweeteners than products without such claims (30% vs 5%, χ2 = 338.6, p < 0.0001). Overall, products with sugar claims were “healthier” and had lower median calorie, free sugar, total sugar, and sodium contents than products without claims. At the subcategory level, reductions in free sugar contents were not always met with similar reductions in calorie contents. This study highlights concerns with regards to the nutritional composition of products bearing sugar claims. Findings can support educational messaging to assist consumer interpretation of sugar claims and can inform changes in nutrition policies, for example, permitting sugar claims only on products with calorie reductions and without excess free sugar.
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Luzier, Aileen B., Laura A. Antell, Li-Ling Chang, Jianwei Xuan, and David A. Roth. "Reimbursement Claims Analysis of Outcomes with Carvedilol and Metoprolol." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 36, no. 3 (March 2002): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1a146.
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OBJECTIVE: To compare resource use and costs in heart failure (HF) patients receiving metoprolol, a selective β1-receptor blocker, with carvedilol, which blocks β1-, β2-, and α1-adrenergic receptors, by use of a retrospective reimbursement—claims analysis. METHODS: Resource use and cost data were extracted for patients diagnosed with HF and treated with carvedilol or metoprolol for 6 months after the initiation of the respective therapy, by use of claims submitted to 6 healthcare plans. A modified Charlson index was used to assess comorbidity. Stepwise logistic regression was used to measure the influence of treatment on hospitalization. RESULTS: Claims from 139 carvedilol and 106 metoprolol patients showed that carvedilol patients experienced significantly fewer total hospitalizations (36.0% vs. 62.3%, respectively; p < 0.001) and emergency department visits (23.7% vs. 42.5%, respectively; p = 0.002) and a trend for fewer HF—related (7.9% vs. 14.2%, respectively; NS) and cardiac-related hospitalizations (15.1% vs. 24.5%, respectively; NS). Treatment with carvedilol was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of any hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.63; p < 0.001). Higher pharmacy costs (mean $1677 vs. $1322; p < 0.001) and lower total costs (mean $8100 vs. $14 475; p = 0.025) were observed in carvedilol-treated compared with metoprolol-treated patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with metoprolol, the more comprehensive adrenergic blockade achieved with carvedilol may translate into greater clinical benefits in patients with HF. Despite higher pharmacy costs, lower total costs were observed in carvedilol-treated patients.
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Adler, Moshe. "Findings vs. Interpretation in “The Long-Term Impacts of Teachers” by Chetty et al." education policy analysis archives 21 (January 30, 2013): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v21n10.2013.
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The authors of the study “The Long-Term Impact of Teachers” claim that their study shows that increases in teacher value-added lead to significant and lasting increases in test scores and significant increases in income that will last throughout adulthood. Instead, I show that these claims are false because they are contradicted by the findings of the study itself. In fact, the results of the Chetty et al. study raise serious questions about the benefits of using the value-added method for evaluating teachers.
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Engler, Steven. ""SCIENCE" VS. "RELIGION" IN CLASSICAL AYURVEDA." Numen 50, no. 4 (2003): 416–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852703322446679.
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AbstractThis paper evaluates claims that classical Ayurveda was scientific, in a modern western sense, and that the many religious and magical elements found in the texts were all either stale Vedic remnants or later brahminic impositions. It argues (1) that Ayurveda did not manifest standard criteria of "science" (e.g., materialism, empirical observation, experimentation, falsification, quantification, or a developed conception of proof) and (2) that Vedic aspects of the classical texts are too central to be considered inauthentic or marginal. These points suggest that attempting to apply the modern western categories of "science" and "religion" to ancient South Asian medical texts at best obscures more important issues and, at worst, imports inappropriate orientalist assumptions. Having set aside the distraction of "science" vs. "religion" in classical Ayurveda, the paper finds support for claims that brahminic elements were later additions to the texts. It concludes by arguing that this is best explained not in terms of a conceptual tension between religion and science but in terms of social and economic tensions between physicians and brahmins.
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Dain, Stephen J., and Annette K. Hoskin. "Ultraviolet protection in spectacle and sunglass lenses: claims vs performance." Clinical and Experimental Optometry 76, no. 4 (July 1993): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1993.tb02959.x.
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Tan, Hung-Jui, Xi Zhou, Brooke Namboodri Spratte*, Stephen McMahon, Matthew E. Nielsen, Jennifer Lund, Alex Sox-Harris, Angela B. Smith, and Ethan Basch. "PD32-06 PATIENT REPORTED VS. CLAIMS BASED LIFE EXPECTANCY TOOLS." Journal of Urology 203 (April 2020): e638-e639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ju.0000000000000896.06.
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Shroff, Gautam R., Craig A. Solid, and Charles A. Herzog. "Medicare claims for myocardial infarction as primary vs. secondary diagnosis." International Journal of Cardiology 182 (March 2015): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.12.141.
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Green, Michael. "Tort Claims and Federal Regulation of Medical Devices vs Pharmaceuticals." JAMA 302, no. 11 (September 16, 2009): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.1333.
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Dickinson, Kacie, Michelle Watson, and Ivanka Prichard. "Are Clean Eating Blogs a Source of Healthy Recipes? A Comparative Study of the Nutrient Composition of Foods with and without Clean Eating Claims." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 5, 2018): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101440.
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Food blogs are an increasingly popular source of information about food and nutrition. There is a perception that foods published on clean eating blogs, which promote unprocessed foods, are healthier than comparable foods without these claims. However, foods with these claims and their nutrient composition have not previously been evaluated. The purpose of the study was to describe the nutritional content of clean eating recipes compared to recipes without clean eating claims and the nutritional guidelines published by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Clean eating recipes were systematically selected from 13 popular clean eating blogs and were described and compared with control recipes without clean eating claims. The nutrient profiles from the included recipes were summarised and evaluated against criteria from WHO recommendations for chronic disease prevention and criteria from the U.K. Food Standards Agency. Data for 86 clean eating recipes were extracted that represented five food categories: breakfast, snacks, treats, desserts, and smoothies. These were matched with 86 control recipes without clean eating claims. The clean eating recipes, per portion, provide the equivalent of 15% of daily energy intake. The average serving sizes were not significantly different between clean eating and control recipes. Overall, the clean eating recipes contained significantly more protein (8.1 ± 7.3 g vs. 5.7 ± 4.1 g, p = 0.01), fat (15.8 ± 10.6 g vs. 12.4 ± 9.3 g, p = 0.03), and fibre (5.0 ± 4.3 g vs. 2.8 ± 2.9 g, p < 0.01) per serving than control recipes. There were no significant differences between clean eating and control recipes with respect to the energy (1280 ± 714 kJ vs. 1137 ± 600 kJ, p = 0.16), carbohydrate (31.5 ± 27.3 g vs. 33.9 ± 19.4 g, p = 0.51), sugar (21.1 ± 20.9 g vs. 23.2 ± 14.9 g, p = 0.46), and sodium content (196.7 ± 269 vs. 155.8 ± 160.8, p = 0.23). Less than 10% of clean eating and control recipes met the WHO constraints for proportions of energy from fat and sugar intake. A simulated nutrient profile of an average clean and control recipe shows that nutrients for both are similarly classified as moderate to high in fat, saturated fat, salt, and sugar. Foods with clean eating claims contained the same amount of energy, sugar, and sodium as foods without those claims. Clean eating claims are potentially misleading for consumers who may believe these foods are healthy alternatives, potentially undermining people’s efforts to eat a healthy diet.
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Chattaraman, Veena, Yee Ming Lee, Ebony Marchelle Robinson, Adam J. Book, and Fnu Al-Amin. "The Effects of Social Distance and Front-of-Package Claims on Healthy Food Selection: Moderating Role of Perceived Importance of Eating Healthily." Nutrients 15, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 3427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15153427.
Full textAbstract:
Applying construal level theory, this study examined how social distance (thinking of self/children), front-of-package (FOP) claim type (nutrient/health/control), and perceived importance of eating healthily (low/high) impact consumer responses (attitudes/purchase intent) to healthier food products through an online experiment with 171 U.S. parents from low-to-mid socio-economic households. Participants were randomly assigned to view controlled images of healthier foods with packaging that bore different claim types for real and fictitious brands. Results revealed that when choosing for themselves, consumer attitudes were more positive when the healthier food package carried a nutrient (vs. health) claim, however, control claims received the most positive evaluations. When choosing for children, attitudes were more positive when the package carried a health (vs. nutrient/control) claim. Attitudes toward healthier foods were higher for consumers with high (vs. low) perceived importance of eating healthily when the package bore a nutrient claim, however, their attitudes did not significantly differ when the package bore a health/control claim. Purchase intent for healthier foods was higher for consumers with high (vs. low) perceived importance of healthy eating when shopping for self; whereas, when shopping for children, purchase intent did not significantly differ between consumers who varied in perceived importance of eating healthily.