Academic literature on the topic 'Clandestine titles'

There were two periods of non-violent resistance in Poland: during the Nazi occupation of World War Two and during the period of Martial Law in the 1980s. There are many myths about World War Two, particularly when it comes to the question of non-violent civilian defence. Yet throughout Europe during the Nazi occupation some circa 9,000 clandestine newspapers were produced. The figures are both impressive and a testament to the efforts that ordinary people will make to resist evil. The statistics are truly amazing when you take into account the number of clandestine newspapers that were produced within individual countries during that period. In Belgium, Norway, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and all Nazi-occupied countries, the clandestine press flourished. Clandestine publishing was a widespread and successful resistance activity. In Warsaw 18 clandestine newspapers were established in 1939; by 1944 this number had risen to 166. Altogether some 1,400 clandestine titles were produced throughout Poland under the occupation. During the Warsaw Uprising, the clandestine press played an important role in spreading news and information to the population. At that time, there were approximately 130 clandestine daily newspapers with print-runs that varied between 1,000 and 28,000 copies. Within the Warsaw Ghetto alone there existed 46 different titles.

Abstract this article uses techniques of typographical analysis to identify the print houses that secretly produced the most important writings associated with the incipient ‘Leveller’ grouping as it took shape in 1646–47. It examines the key printers, Jane Coe and Thomas Paine, while illuminating the dynamics of the clandestine book trade of the 1640s. It then shows that these same printers acted as stationers of choice for the emergent New Model Army agitators, producing works such as the The Case of the Army Truly Stated and An Agreement of the People, among other titles. The resulting account sheds light on the origins and nature of the Leveller movement, and allows for discussion of the connections between the Levellers and the New Model Army. More broadly, this article highlights the centrality of printers as political protagonists and suggests that new modes of bibliographical analysis can address major problems in early-modern history.

Editor in Chief of “The Pedagogical Quarterly” discourses with Irena Wojnar, employed at the University of Warsaw since early post-war time. Her intellectual evolution (l’âge où l’on grandit) occurs in changing dramatic periods of our history, optimism of elementary school before the World War II, painful time of clandestine education during the Nazi occupation in Warsaw, hopes and illusions of the post-war epoch. In these periods, the essential inspirations for Irena Wojnar were successive books of Bogdan Suchodolski, with symbolic titles: Love life – be valiant (2nd ed. 1930), Whence and where are we going to? (1943) and Education for the future (1947). In the Polish school before the WWII, pupils were educated in the spirit of patriotism and civic duties, sensibility to the surrounding world and the service of humans. Tragic heroism of the WWII became the proof of those values. In the conditions of constant aggressive and permanent threat, quasi “against the night”, the fight with the occupant becomes the essential moral duty. For young people, pupils and students, when secondary and tertiary schools were closed by the Nazis, this duty signified participation in clandestine education supporting hope to preserve future order in the world and preparation of the future activity in the free Poland after the WWII. The end of the WWII created a chance for the future shape of the world in line with our humanistic values. It was the period of the reconstruction of Warsaw, destroyed during the WWII, becoming a city of “sorrow and dreams”. In the final part of the conversation there appears the general opinion that every individual life–story, beyond its individual aspects, reveals a more general educational idea. Human life runs across destiny and personal consciousness. Independently of our destiny, we have a chance to choose values important for us, to realise the “poetics of the self” (poétique du soi) based on our capacity to overcome own limitations and to increase goodness in the world.

The plays written by Fernando de Zárate, alias of the Crypto-Jewish poet Antonio Enríquez Gómez (1600–1663), appear on the surface to be militantly Catholic. Critics have struggled to reconcile the vision of the ‘Zárate’ plays, written in Seville after Enríquez’s clandestine return from exile (c. 1650), with the poems and treatises he penned in France (1636–1649), which were harshly critical of the Inquisition and Spanish notions of blood purity. One such play, El noble siempre es valiente [The nobleman is always brave], survives in an autograph manuscript from 1660. Written only months before the Inquisition identified and arrested Enríquez, the play became the most popular stage version of the epic hero El Cid in the eighteenth century, when it circulated under the titles El Cid Campeador and Vida y muerte del Cid [Life and death of El Cid]. The work stages the triumph of Spanish Christianity over Islam and appears to advocate an implacably bellicose ethos. This essay, however, interprets the play in the context of Enríquez’s exile writing, with specific focus on the influence of another erstwhile victim of the Inquisition, Fray Luis de León (1527–1591), whose works were found in the private libraries of Crypto-Jewish families.

O estilo espetacular da filósofa americana Avital Ronell, inspirada pelos dispositivos performativos de Derrida, está a serviço de um pensamento filosófico autêntico. Ela procede menos por desconstrução da clausura da metafísica ocidental do que por ramificações clandestinas e curtos-circuitos que eletrificam redes de sentidos despercebidos em autores fundamentais, de Platão a Blanchot, passando por Flaubert, Nietzsche e Heidegger.

Abstract One of the common forms of address, in Old Babylonian letters, is ‘to my lord’ (ana bēlīja). If letters come from clandestine digs, it is hard to know who is hiding behind this title. In the context of the Ur-Utu archive, there is one unknown variable less. The addressee is the archive’s owner. It occurred to me that in eight ana bēlīja letters from this collection, the senders bore names identical to those of Inanna-mansum’s sons (Ur-Utu, Kubburum, Ilī-iqīšam and Ḫuzālum) and Ur-Utu’s wife Rā’imtum. Can it be confirmed that the sender and the correspondent of these letters are indeed close relatives, and that the ana bēlīja format was used to address a father, brother or spouse? If so, what does this practice tell us about the address ‘my lord’, as a social habit?

"In 1962 Rossana Rossanda undertook, on behalf of the Italian Communist Party, a trip to Spain, aiming to strengthen the anti-Franco forces dispersed after the civil war. Instead, her intinerary seemed to be useless, as the title of the book collecting the report of the expedition suggests (1st edition Bompiani, 1981). Un viaggio inutile springs from a double mnemonic filter: the clandestine operation imposed a ban on transcribing travel notes, which Rossanda drafted only on the way back; secondly, eighteen years passed between the experience in Spain and the rewriting of the notes, which took place in 1980. The present work, therefore, aims to explore both the mnemonic devices of Rossanda’s journey and its reception by the Spanish public, also by resorting to the translation of the text (Un viaje inútil, Laia, 1984 and Tirant Humanidades, 2021)."

Les livres confisqués de Pouplios Markidis Poulios. Une clé pour le trafic du livre français pendant les années de maturation des Lumières néo-helléniques
 L’aventure de l’imprimeur Pouplios Markidis Poulios à Bucarest en 1797 est bien connue : le fond de livres en langue étrangère qu’il avait illégalement importé a été confisqué par le consulat autrichien à la suite des actions entreprises par le souverain de Valachie, Alexandre Ypsilanti. Grâce à la liste des titres de ces livres conservée dans les archives autrichiennes(publiée par Hurmuzaki) et, surtout, grâce à la possibilité que nous avons d’accéder par Internet aux bibliographies, aux catalogues de bibliothèques et aux copies numérisées, il nous a été possible de reconstituer l’identité bibliographique de la quasi-totalité des æuvres confisquées. On constate que les livres français de l’Ancien Régime (traités philosophiques et/ou sur l’athéisme, ouvrages de politique et d’économie, satires anticléricales, chroniques scandaleuses, littérature érotique/pornographique, etc.) en constituent la plus grande partie. Il s’agit de «livres philosophiques» clandestins qui recensent l’inventaire de la mythologie de la décadence, du despotisme, de la corruption des mæurs, de l’hypocrisie sociale et de la transgression religieuse, tout en démasquant la spéculation et les scandales. Grâce à un réseau bien organisé ayant comme point de départ des imprimeries qui s’activaient hors des frontières françaises –la plus connue étant la Société Typographique de Neuchâtel– ils étaient distribués dans toute l’Europe. Une partie des livres confisqués de Poulios pourrait provenir du stock de Thomas Trattner, imprimeur notoire qui vendait des livres français clandestins à Vienne et des réimpressions pirates de ces livres sur le territoire des Habsbourg. Mais il se peut aussi que ces ouvrages soient des contrefaçons provenant de l’imprimerie de Poulios. À en juger par les traductions et les références repérées (Rétif de la Bretonne, Delisle de Sales, Mercier, D. Katartzis) il semble que le «monde souterrain» du livre philosophique français –dont une partie importante avait été interdite par la censure autrichienne– avait réussi à pénétrer les cercles non seulement de la diaspora grecque mais aussi des Principautés Danubiennes et ceci avant la «décennie cruciale des années 1790». L’interdiction de la circulation des livres en 1797 est liée à la conversion idéologique d’Ypsilanti et à son alignement sur la politique anti-française des Habsbourg. Les ouvrages confisqués de Poulios ouvrent un champ de recherche fructueux sur la contribution des livres clandestins français à la maturation des Lumières. Une liste des titres des livres confisqués est jointe en annexe.

<title>Resumo</title><p>Agentes infecciosos e doenças dos animais podem atravessar fronteiras terrestres e contribuir para a alteração do estado sanitário de países. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi, através de um estudo retrospectivo, identificar os principais produtos de origem animal interceptados e apreendidos em três unidades de vigilância agropecuária (Uvagros/MAPA) localizadas em fronteiras terrestres (secas) na região Norte do Brasil: Assis Brasil e Epitaciolândia, no Acre, e Pacaraima, em Roraima, respectivamente fronteiras com o Peru, Bolívia e Venezuela. Os principais produtos interceptados e apreendidos no trânsito internacional de veículos e passageiros em duas das três unidades foram laticínios, pescados, carnes, embutidos, de uso veterinário e para uso na alimentação animal (ração, medicamentos e insumos) e apícolas. Devem ser melhor avaliadas as possibilidades de introdução de agentes infecciosos e de doenças que podem ameaçar o Brasil, considerando os tipos de produtos apreendidos, considerando o estado sanitário dos países aqui estudados, em face da natureza clandestina do trânsito dos animais e seus produtos por estas fronteiras terrestres.</p>

La forêt est un milieu essentiellement dynamique dont les multiples composants sont en perpétuelle évolution. La forêt classée de Foumbou, situé dans le département de Korhogo au Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire, est confrontée à l’orpaillage clandestin couplé aux infiltrations paysannes. Ces exploitations demeurent une préoccupation écologique majeure car elles menacent les services écosystémiques. Ces travaux avaient pour objectif d'évaluer la diversité floristique de la forêt classée de Foumbou dans une perspective de gestion durable forestière de la biodiversité. Les méthodes de relevé de surfaces associées à des inventaires itinérants ont été adoptées lors de ces travaux dans vingt parcelles de 2000 m2 chacune. Les analyses multivariées ont permis d’identifier cinq stades de succession secondaire postculturale le long d’une chronoséquence de 35 ans. Les paramètres de composition augmentent avec l’âge de la jachère (biotopes). La forêt renferme, au total, 259 espèces, réparties en 191 genres et 56 familles. Du point de vue de la composition floristique, cette forêt est riche en Fabaceae, en Rubiacea, en Combretaceae, en Malvaceae, en Moraceae, en Poaceae et en Lamiaceae. Dans cette étude, les biotopes les plus diversifiés sont les jachères de plus de 20 ans et les Forêts anciennes. Le site renferme également des espèces endémiques et des espèces à statuts particuliers. La flore de cette forêt est diversifiée avec une répartition équitable des espèces au sein des biotopes. De ce fait, des actions de gestion intégré et participative de cette forêt s’imposent pour minimiser sa dégradation.
 English title: Dynamics of reconstitution of the vegetal biodiversity of the Foumbou class forest (north of the Ivory Coast)
 The forest is an essentially dynamic environment whose multiple components are in perpetual evolution. The classified forest of Foumbou is confronted with clandestine gold panning coupled with peasant infiltration. These operations remain a major ecological concern because they threaten ecosystem services. The objective of this work was to assess the floristic diversity of the floristic diversity of the classified forest of Foumbou in order to promote its sustainable management. Surface survey methods and itinerant inventories were adopted during this work in twenty plots, sixteen of which were in post-cultivation fallows. Multivariate analyses identified five stages of postcultural secondary succession along a 35-year chronosequence. The compositional parameters increase with the age of fallow land. The forest contains a total of 259 species, divided into 191 genera and 56 families. From the point of view of floristic composition, this forest is rich in Fabaceae, Rubiacea, Combretaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Poaceae and Lamiaceae. Of this study, the most diversified are the fallow land of more than 20 years and the Old Forest. The flora of the estate is diversified with an equitable distribution of species within the biotopes. Integrated and participative management of the forest is necessary to minimise the degradation of the site.

La présente recherche entend analyser les emplois occupés par des migrants dits « sans-papiers », originaires majoritairement de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, à Paris, à la lumière des processus de régularisation par le travail dont ils sont l'objet. En mobilisant les notions d'« identités de papiers » (Dardy [1991] 1998 ; Noiriel, 1998, 2007 ; Bruno, 2010) et d'« interstices de jeu », la thèse, basée sur une approche sociologique qualitative et inductive, cherche à mettre à jour les mécanismes et logiques à l’œuvre dans la mise au travail d'une population particulière qui est celle d'étrangers en situation irrégulière. Aussi, l'absence d'un titre de séjour en règle a-t-il pour effet la mise en relation de ces migrants avec des secteurs d'emploi déterminés dans un espace économique particulier, et pour lesquels les emplois observés relèvent du marché du travail dit secondaire, voire exogène, aux formes d'emploi précaires et instables. Si les migrants rencontrés acceptent ces emplois précaires et quelque peu dévalorisés, c'est parce que le travail (et le salariat qu'il permet) définit les situations migratoires observées. Pour autant, l'adéquation entre une offre et une demande de travail tire en partie sa légitimité de l'État français. Aussi, les processus de régularisation par le travail en viennent-ils à déterminer partiellement la rencontre entre cette offre et cette demande de travail, la justifier en la normalisant pour partie. Du reste, si l’État en vient à légitimer cette rencontre, c'est aussi au moyen d'une récupération au profit d'une « instrumentation » (Lascoumes, 2003) de la figure du « Travailleur Sans-papiers », énoncée et revendiquée par la grève de 2008-2010. En somme, l'observation des situations d'emploi (notamment dans la répétition des postes occupés et des formes d'emploi) amène à considérer la constitution d'une population au travail, permise par la reconnaissance par l’État de la figure du « Travailleur Sans-papiers ». Les procès de régularisation au titre du travail dessinent la figure du « Travailleur Sans-papiers » et décident si l'étranger en situation irrégulière peut être régularisé par le travail ou non, par le jeu de catégorisations que produit l’État. Et la thèse défendue est la suivante : l'emploi des migrants dits « sans-papiers » s'arrime à des logiques économiques qui assurent la mise en place et la permanence de formes d'emploi particulières. Ces formes d'emploi se nourrissent de la précarité des postes occupés et de la relation salariale contractée. Dans le cas des migrants rencontrés, elles renvoient à la production de formes d'infra-citoyenneté, sous-tendues par des logiques politiques (dans la gestion des flux migratoires et des politiques de main-d’œuvre) que la régularisation par le travail vient couronner. La figure du « Travailleurs Sans-papiers » telle que l'a promue la grève de 2008-2010, mais reprise dans les processus de régularisation au titre du travail, est alors l'archétype du travailleur régularisable et le travail des sans-papiers en est sa logique-même. Ils sont tous deux déterminés par un dispositif singulier de biopolitique<br>This research deals with the employment of undocumented people from the Senegal valley, in Paris and the legalization processes. Mobilizing the two concepts of "identify of papers" Dardy [1991] 1998; Noiriel, 1998, 2007; Bruno, 2010) and "interstices of game", this doctoral thesis, based on an sociological and inductive approach, highlights the mechanisms and logics that are inherent to putting undocumented people into work. From there, the lack of residence permit implies the inscription of these migrants in specific sectors of activities. Therefore, employments are registered in the secondary labour market, if not an exogenous market, where employment and its forms are very precarious. If migrants take these jobs, it is because work is the key parameter in the migratory situations. The balance between supply and demand of labour draws its legitimacy from the French State. Indeed, leglization processes determine this balance, and justify it by normalizing it. The legitimacy of French State is allowed by a recovery and "instrumentation" (Lascoumes, 2003) of the figure of "Undocumented Worker", which was first introduced during the strike of 2008-2010. In other words, the employment situations lead to discuss of the production of a specific labour force by the State. The legalization processes are based on the figure of "Undocumented Worker" and by this manner elect the alien in an irregular situation who will be regularized. This lead to formulate the following argument: the employment of undocumented migrants is due to economic logics which establish specific forms to putting undocumented people into work. This is guaranteed by precariousness of status employments, enables to produce forms of a low citizenship that political logics reinforce. Thus, the legalization process supports this perspective. The figure of "Undocumented Worker", from the strike of 2008-2010, is used by the French State to justify the legalization process by work. All these elements are included by a manner of governing that is attached to a particular scheme of biopolitic

A comprehensive collection of biographies of the most prominent military leaders in American history. American Military Leaderscontains over 400 A–Z biographies of individuals such as Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, who ended hundreds of years of tradition by allowing women to serve on Navy ships; and, Francis Marion, the Swamp Fox, whose rules of clandestine warfare are still followed by the U.S. Special Forces. Coverage centers on the outstanding generals, sergeants, fighter aces, militiamen, theorists, doctors, and nurses who make up America's military history. This volume presents their backgrounds, contributions, and significance to America's fortunes in war. This title also cites works for further research, includes a list of leaders organized by their military titles, and a comprehensive index.

FROM INDEKS TO HUTNIK: BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE POLISH INDEPENDENT PRESS CIRCULATION IN CRACOW AND LESSER POLAND, 1976–1990 In response to the lying propaganda and aggressive communist censorship of the Polish People’s Republic, many communities, ideologically and socially diverse, started publishing independent prints outside the reach of the state control apparatus. They became part of the independent publishing movement existing in the years 1976–1990, whose impressive development fell in the 1980s. This book is the first comprehensive bibliography of the clandestine journals in Cracow and Lesser Poland. It is the result of many years of work of the Center for Research and Documentation of Polish Struggles for Independence in Cracow related to the acquisition and development of independent prints. The bibliography contains descriptions of over 750 Cracow and Lesser Poland titles of magazines, newspapers, services and bulletins published by various spontaneous structures of the anti-communist opposition – from the Independent Self-governing Labor Union “Solidarity” and related organizations through student and youth formations such as the Independent Students’ Association and the Federation of Fighting Youth to emerging new political parties (Confederation of Independent Poland and the Polish Independence Party) as well as other independent environments.

Abstract Antiphon is the earliest of the Attic orators by a generation (born 6.480 BC). Dearth of biographical detail is unsurprising in his case, since he shunned public attention throughout a career which combined rhetorical writing with political conspiracy. Thucydides, his admirer, credited him with masterminding the oligarchic revolution of 411–410 after years of clandestine preparation (8. 68). Its failure led to his trial and death. His literary legacy, by contrast, was permanent. He comes down as the first man to publish speeches written for others.1 Some of the surviving titles of lost or fragmentary speeches suggest a political programme or affinity,2 and a less clearly definable political background may be discerned in the extant full speeches. All concern homicide. They contain few indications as to their date, though they are probably all products of his later years. There has been little scholarly opposition to the tentatively expressed opinion of Blass (AB i. 192–3) that the speech Against the Stepmother is the earliest, but there is less agreement over the dates of the other two speeches. Without a high degree of conviction, I accept the arguments which assign Death of a Chorus-Boy to 419/18 and Murder of Herodes to 417/16.

This chapter explores the diverse uses of steganography, a complex technique of hiding messages within everyday objects, across several sectors. The chapter focuses on the applications of steganography in finance and banking, healthcare, medical data security, and intellectual property. It examines the reasons, methods, advantages, and difficulties involved in adopting steganography. Furthermore, it elucidates the prospective trajectories and ramifications of this clandestine means of communication. The study also examines the function of steganography in organisational communication, highlighting its capacity to bolster security, facilitate hidden communication, and guarantee adherence to rules. The chapter ends with a thorough examination of the issues related to privacy, ethics, laws, and regulations that are associated with steganography. Lastly, it visualises the future path of this influential technology, highlighting the significance of openness, public knowledge, and cooperation for conscientious and moral advancement.

This chapter follows the journey of the author in searching for some historian of music or ethnomusicologist to have made the connection between slave revolts and their musical expression. It begins by narrating how he stumbled upon an old, dog-eared pamphlet with the title “Negro Slave Revolts in the United States, 1526–1860.” In the pamphlet, author Herbert Aptheker documented the frequency and consistency of rebellions beginning with one in a doomed Spanish colony in what is now South Carolina in 1526. Enslaved Africans brought there that very year staged a revolt, killing many of the Spanish before running off to join Indians in the neighborhood. Amidst all the dates and names, the numbers and incidents, the chapter pays attention to the lyrics to a song written in the pamphlet. These lyrics, according to Aptheker, had been composed and sung by enslaved persons at a clandestine meeting to plan an insurrection in 1813. The chapter questions if the song could be an example of the exaggerations Aptheker has been accused of. Could this be wishful thinking on the part of a well-intentioned scholar who nonetheless was reinterpreting or even manipulating the facts to give a false impression? This text, from this period, immediately posed questions that demanded answers.