Journal articles: 'Clap switch'

1

iwa, Tom A. C. "Design and Construction of Clap Activated Switch." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 60, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v60p204.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ivanova-Nikolova, Tatyana T., and Gerda E. Breitwieser. "Effector Contributions to Gβγ-mediated Signaling as Revealed by Muscarinic Potassium Channel Gating." Journal of General Physiology 109, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.109.2.245.

Full text

Abstract:

Receptor-mediated activation of heterotrimeric G proteins leading to dissociation of the Gα subunit from Gβγ is a highly conserved signaling strategy used by numerous extracellular stimuli. Although Gβγ subunits regulate a variety of effectors, including kinases, cyclases, phospholipases, and ion channels (Clapham, D.E., and E.J. Neer. 1993. Nature (Lond.). 365:403–406), few tools exist for probing instantaneous Gβγ-effector interactions, and little is known about the kinetic contributions of effectors to the signaling process. In this study, we used the atrial muscarinic K+ channel, which is activated by direct interactions with Gβγ subunits (Logothetis, D.E., Y. Kurachi, J. Galper, E.J. Neer, and D.E. Clap. 1987. Nature (Lond.). 325:321–326; Wickman, K., J.A. Iniguez-Liuhi, P.A. Davenport, R. Taussig, G.B. Krapivinsky, M.E. Linder, A.G. Gilman, and D.E. Clapham. 1994. Nature (Lond.). 366: 654–663; Huang, C.-L., P.A. Slesinger, P.J. Casey, Y.N. Jan, and L.Y. Jan. 1995. Neuron. 15:1133–1143), as a sensitive reporter of the dynamics of Gβγ-effector interactions. Muscarinic K+ channels exhibit bursting behavior upon G protein activation, shifting between three distinct functional modes, characterized by the frequency of channel openings during individual bursts. Acetylcholine concentration (and by inference, the concentration of activated Gβγ) controls the fraction of time spent in each mode without changing either the burst duration or channel gating within individual modes. The picture which emerges is of a Gβγ effector with allosteric regulation and an intrinsic “off” switch which serves to limit its own activation. These two features combine to establish exquisite channel sensitivity to changes in Gβγ concentration, and may be indicative of the factors regulating other Gβγ-modulated effectors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zhen, Qihui, and Qingyun Di. "Soft-Switching Technology of Three-Phase Six-Switch PFC Rectifier." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 2, 2020): 5130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195130.

Full text

Abstract:

An active clamp, three-phase, six-switch power factor correction rectifier with a one-cycle controller is proposed, which can effectively suppress the reverse recovery of the reverse parallel diode of the bridge arm switch and reduce the reverse recovery loss. The main switches and auxiliary switch are both zero-voltage switches. It works in a fixed switching frequency and low power stress during the switching period. The specific working process and control circuit are analyzed in detail, and the model simulation is carried out. The experimental platform of a 2.5 KW prototype, with a complete test and verification of the soft switch technology proposed in this paper, was set up in the laboratory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Zhu, Yong Xiang, Qiang Hui Xiao, and Sheng Xiao Tong. "A Novel Single-Stage PFC Based on Active Clamp Forward Converter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 229-231 (November 2012): 803–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.229-231.803.

Full text

Abstract:

This article describes a new novel single-stage PFC converter circuit based on active clamp forward. The circuit of the PFC converter and active clamp DC/DC converter together. It is suitable for a lot of the power supply application fields with simple structure & low cost. Also this article analyzes its detailed operating principle, and the circuit switches process especially. The experimental prototype test results show that the circuit topology to achieve the main switch & the auxiliary switch with the zero voltage turn-on, and the power factor being above 0.98, the efficiency being more than 88% at rated conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Tran, Duong, Nam Vu, and Woojin Choi. "A Quasi-Resonant ZVZCS Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge Converter with an Active Clamp in the Secondary Side." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 2868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112868.

Full text

Abstract:

A novel Pulse-Width-Modulation (PWM) quasi-resonant active-clamp phase-shifted full-bridge converter is presented and analyzed in this paper. In the proposed topology, an active-clamp switch and a clamp capacitor that resonates with the leakage inductance of transformer are employed at the secondary side. The active-clamp circuit helps all of the primary switches in achieving both zero-voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on and nearly zero-current switching (ZCS) turn-off over the entire load range, and resets the primary current during the freewheeling interval. The operation of the active-clamp circuit eliminates voltage ringing across the rectifier. In addition, the secondary diodes can achieve ZCS turn-off, which removes the reverse recovery problem of diodes, and the active-clamp switch can achieve ZCS turn-on. A 3.5-kW prototype was built to verify the performance of the proposed converter. A maximum efficiency of 97.6% was achieved under a 2-kW load, and an efficiency of more than 96% was achieved even under a light load.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Panprasert, Decha, Wara Sadara, and Bunlung Neammanee. "A 5kW Zero Voltage Switch Space Vector Modulation (ZVS-SVM) Controlled Three-Phase Boost Converter." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 7200–7207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.7200.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposes a 5kW zero voltage switch space vector modulation (ZVS-SVM) controlled three-phase boost converter. A power circuit of this converter is modified from the conventional three phase boost rectify by combine the active clamp branch. A branch composed of an active switch, a resonant inductor and a clamping capacitor. By used the control techniques to active clamp, the ZVS are occurring at the power switching components. The simulation results can confirm the superiority of this topology to increase the system efficiency up 98 percent. The system has fast response, low total harmonic distortion and steady state error with unity power factor. Moreover, both the main and the auxiliary switches have the same and fixed switching frequency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Vivek, Kema. "A High Power Density Converter with a Continuous Input Current Waveform for Satellite Power Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35978.

Full text

Abstract:

Conventional Active Clamp-Forward topology is studied for a satellite converter owing to its comparitively simple structure, minimum number of components and fine clamping capability concerning its switch voltage stress. However, it has a high switch voltage stress,a high di/dt level and has pulsating input current shape. These are disadvantageous with respect to the EMI filter size and high input voltage converter applications.To get the better of these drawbacks, a new ACF topology with a continuous input current waveform is proposed . By this proposed waveform ,the voltage stresses on the main switches are relieved. This is crucial reliability of satelite FET switches, by utilizing a two series connected structure. These conditions will allow the proposed converter to serve as a high input voltage, high power density satellite converter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

T.M., Aiswarya, and M. Prabhakar. "An Efficient High Gain DC-DC Converter for Automotive Applications." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i2.pp242-252.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a high gain DC-DC converter which uses a clamp circuit to achieve soft switching. The proposed converter is designed to supply a high intensity discharge (HID) lamp used in automobile head lamps. The converter operates from a 12V input supply and provides an output voltage of 120V at 35W output power. A clamp circuit consisting of a clamp capacitor, clamp switch and resonant inductor will help to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the both main and clamp switches. The practical performance of the converter was validated through experimental results. Results obtained from the prototype hardware prove that the converter meets the requirements of HID lamp application and can be a very good alternative to existing converters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Yau, Yeu-Torng, Kuo-Ing Hwu, and Yu-Kun Tai. "Active Clamp Boost Converter with Blanking Time Tuning Considered." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020860.

Full text

Abstract:

An active clamp boost converter with blanking time auto-tuned is presented herein, and this is implemented by an additional auxiliary switch, an additional resonant inductor, and an additional active clamp capacitor as compared with the conventional boost converter. In this structure, both the main and auxiliary switches have zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on as well as the output diode has zero current switching (ZCS) turn-off, causing the overall efficiency of the converter to be upgraded. Moreover, as the active clamp circuit is adopted, the voltage spike on the main switch can be suppressed to some extent whereas, because of this structure, although the input inductor is designed in the continuous conduction mode (CCM), the output diode can operate with ZCS turn-off, leading to the resonant inductor operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), hence there is no reverse recovery current during the turn-off period of the output diode. Furthermore, unlike the existing soft switching circuits, the auto-tuning technique based on a given look-up table is added to adjust the cut-off time point of the auxiliary switch to reduce the current flowing through the output diode, so that the overall efficiency is upgraded further. In this paper, basic operating principles, mathematic deductions, potential designs, and some experimental results are given. To sum up, the novelty of this paper is ZCS turn-off of the output diode, DCM operation of the resonant inductor, and auto-tuning of cut-off time point of the auxiliary switch. In addition, the efficiency of the proposed converter can be up to 96.9%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Chen, Shin-Ju, Sung-Pei Yang, Chao-Ming Huang, and Yu-Hua Chen. "Interleaved High Step-Up DC–DC Converter with Voltage-Lift and Voltage-Stack Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102537.

Full text

Abstract:

A novel interleaved high step-up DC–DC converter applied for applications in photovoltaic systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed configuration is composed of three-winding coupled inductors, voltage multiplier cells and a clamp circuit. The step-up voltage gain is effectively increased, owing to the voltage-stack and voltage-lift techniques using the voltage multiplier cells. The leakage inductor energy is recycled by the clamp circuit to avoid the voltage surge on a power switch. The low-voltage-rated power switches with low on-state resistances and costs can be used to decrease the conduction losses and increase the conversion efficiency when the voltage stresses of power switches for the converter are considerably lower than the high output voltage. The reverse-recovery problems of diodes are mitigated by the leakage inductances of the coupled inductors. Moreover, both the input current ripple and the current stress on each power switch are reduced, owing to the interleaved operation. The operating principle and steady-state analysis of the proposed converter are thoroughly presented herein. A controller network is designed to diminish the effect of the variations of input voltage and output load on the output voltage. Finally, the experimental results for a 1 kW prototype with 28–380 V voltage conversion are shown to demonstrate its effectiveness and performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Do, Hyun Lark. "AC-DC Converter with Power Factor Correction Function." Applied Mechanics and Materials 241-244 (December 2012): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.241-244.763.

Full text

Abstract:

An AC -DC converter with power factor correction (PFC) function is proposed in this paper. In the proposed converter, the boost PFC stage and the active-clamp DC-DC converter stage are merged into a single converter to reduce the overall cost and improve the power density. An active-clamp DC-DC converter stage can suppress the switch voltage stresses and provide zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation of the switches. The boost converter in PFC stage operates in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and it provides naturally high power factor. Due to the ZVS operation, the switching losses of the proposed converter are significantly reduced and the efficiency is improved. Steady-state analysis is performed. Simulation results are also provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Dheeraj, Alagu, and V. Rajini. "Center Clamped Forward Converter for High Current Applications." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 395–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6333.

Full text

Abstract:

High current applications like Microprocessors, Fuel cells, Electric Hybrid Vehicles, Solar Cells etc., use interleaved isolated buck derived converter. Interleaving of converters for such high current applications converters is done to achieve reduced input capacitor ripple voltages, output capacitor ripple current cancellation and reduced peak currents of output inductors. Generally, interleaving requires a higher number of transformers through which distributed magnetics can be achieved. i.e., one bulky transformer can be replaced with low power profile transformers. The performance of forward converter depends on core resetting of the main transformer. The core’s magnetizing energy is recycled by resetting it. In the absence of core reset, the current builds up at each switching cycle, saturates the core, causes reverse recovery problem in the diode and the active clamp will no longer in zero voltage state during turn on of the main switch. The transformer secondary output is used as a gating pulse for Synchronous Rectifiers. These have very low forward drop which are most suitable for high current applications. Among various used clamping methods, the transformer core is optimized effectively by Active center clamp reset approach. The proposed method results in less number of switches and clamping capacitor, and lower cost compared to conventional forward converter. Reduction in voltage stress without losing duty-cycle ratio is also achieved by means of a series-parallel connected switch structure with Self Driven Synchronous Rectifiers. The proposed center clamp converter overcomes the Maximum Duty cycle limitation of 50%. This paper mainly focuses on active center clamp forward converter and is also compared with Active Positive Negative clamping techniques.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Choi, Woo-Young, and Min-Kwon Yang. "High-Efficiency Design and Control of Zeta Inverter for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Applications." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12060974.

Full text

Abstract:

The conventional zeta inverter has been used for single-phase grid-connected applications. However, it has high switching losses to operate at high switching frequency in the continuous conduction mode (CCM). To address this drawback, this paper suggests a high-efficiency zeta inverter using active clamp and synchronous rectification techniques. The proposed inverter utilizes the active clamp circuit for reducing switching losses. The non-complementary switching scheme is adopted for not only clamping the switch voltage stresses, but also alleviating the circulating energy. In addition, the synchronous rectification is implemented for reducing the body diode conduction of power switches. By using the silicon carbide (SiC) metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), the switching performance of the proposed inverter is improved. Its operation principle and control strategy are presented. A 220-W prototype has been designed and tested to evaluate the performance of the proposed inverter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Cao, Zhi Wei, Yi Ming Zhang, and Xu Zhang. "Analysis of Active Clamp Forward Converter of UAV ." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.48.

Full text

Abstract:

The Forward Switch mode power supply is good selection for power supplies of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Compared with the conventional forward converter, there is one auxiliary switch in the active clamp forward converter to recycle the energy stored in the transformer leakage in order to minimize the voltage stress of the main switch. The power system is designed and the operation characteristics of the active switching power supply are revealed by analysis a typical second-order system in this paper. Active Clamp Forward Converter reduce the generation of EMI, the EMC of UAV equipment is greatly improved. The results of the analysis are verified by SPICE simulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Xue, Yao, Xiaofeng Yang, Lutian Yuan, and Trillion Q. Zheng. "Operation and Control of a Seven-Level V-Clamp Multilevel Converter." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 4761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244761.

Full text

Abstract:

Multilevel converters are well suited for high-power and high-quality power conversion. This paper presents a new seven-level V-clamp multilevel converter (VMC) with reduced clamping devices. All phases of the VMC share common DC-link capacitors and realize bidirectional power conversion without flying capacitors. Each branch of the VMC sustains only a single-level voltage of the DC-link capacitors during its commutation process. Hence, the series switches can be controlled as simple as one switch and the dynamic voltage unbalancing issue is avoided. In this paper, the operation principle and the modulation method of the VMC are analyzed in detail. In addition, compensation control for non-ideal factors is designed to improve the output performance. The output fundamental distortion is compensated and the harmonics are reduced. Finally, a laboratory prototype of the seven-level VMC is set up to verify the feasibility of the presented topology and analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Patrucco, Filippo, Elias Allara, Massimo Boffini, Mauro Rinaldi, Cristina Costa, Carlo Albera, and Paolo Solidoro. "Twelve-month effects of everolimus on renal and lung function in lung transplantation: differences in chronic lung allograft dysfunction phenotypes." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 12 (January 2021): 204062232199344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2040622321993441.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), a complication affecting the survival of lung transplanted patients, includes two clinical phenotypes: bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS). Everolimus is used in CLAD because of its antiproliferative mechanism. In lung transplant patients treated with everolimus, the clinical course of renal and lung function has not yet been assessed systematically in CLAD, BOS and RAS patients for more than 6 months. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the 12-month follow-up of renal and lung function of lung-transplanted patients switched to everolimus and evaluated the reduction in immunosuppressant dosage (ISD) and mortality. Subgroups were based on indication for everolimus treatment: CLAD and non-CLAD patients, BOS and RAS among CLAD patients. Results: We included 26 patients, 17 with CLAD (10 BOS, seven RAS). After 1 year from the everolimus switch, we observed renal function improvement (serum creatinine −17%, estimated glomerular filtration rate +24%) and stable pulmonary function [forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) −0.5%, forced vital capacity (FVC) +0.05%]. RAS patients had progressive functional loss, whereas BOS patients had FEV1 improvement and FVC stability. All-cause mortality was higher in the CLAD versus non-CLAD group (41% versus 11%), without differences between BOS and RAS patients ( p > 0.05). All patients had significant and persistent ISD reduction. Conclusion: Lung transplant patients treated with everolimus had improvements in renal function and reduced ISD. We observed sustained improvements in lung function for CLAD related to BOS subgroup results, whereas RAS confirmed the 1-year worsening functional trend. Data seem to suggest one more piece of the puzzle in CLAD phenotyping.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hwu, Kuo-Ing, Wen-Zhuang Jiang, and Hsiang-Hao Tu. "Improvement in Voltage Conversion Ratio of Ultrahigh Step-Down Converter." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 15, 2019): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203896.

Full text

Abstract:

A modified step-down converter is presented herein, which is mainly based on one coupled inductor and several energy-transferring capacitors to improve the voltage conversion ratio as well as to reduce the switch voltage stress. In addition, the portion of the leakage inductance energy can be recycled to the input via the active clamp circuit during the turn-off period and the switches have zero-voltage switching (ZVS) during the turn-on transient. In this paper, the basic operating principles of the proposed converter are firstly described and analyzed, and its effectiveness is finally demonstrated by experiment based on a prototype with input voltage of 60 V, output voltage of 3.3 V and rated output power of 33 W.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Shojaei, Ali, Bahram Najafi, and Hani Vahedi. "Standalone Operation of Modified Seven-Level Packed U-Cell (MPUC) Single-Phase Inverter." Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030268.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper the standalone operation of the modified seven-level Packed U-Cell (MPUC) inverter is presented and analyzed. The MPUC inverter has two DC sources and six switches, which generate seven voltage levels at the output. Compared to cascaded H-bridge and neutral point clamp multilevel inverters, the MPUC inverter generates a higher number of voltage levels using fewer components. The experimental results of the MPUC prototype validate the appropriate operation of the multilevel inverter dealing with various load types including motor, linear, and nonlinear ones. The design considerations, including output AC voltage RMS value, switching frequency, and switch voltage rating, as well as the harmonic analysis of the output voltage waveform, are taken into account to prove the advantages of the introduced multilevel inverter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Monne, Mahmuda Akter, Xing Lan, Chunbo Zhang, and Maggie Yihong Chen. "Inkjet-Printed Flexible MEMS Switches for Phased-Array Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4517848.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a fully inkjet-printed flexible MEMS switch for phased-array antennas. The physical structure of the printed MEMS switch consists of an anchor with a clamp-clamp beam, a sacrificial layer, and bottom transmission lines. 5-mil Kapton® polyimide film is used as a flexible substrate material. Two different types of conductive ink PEDOT : PSS from Sigma Aldrich and silver nanoparticle ink from NovaCentrix are used for the fabrication of different printed layers. Layer-by-layer fabrication process and material evaluation are illustrated. Layer characterization is done with respect to critical thickness and resistance using 2D/3D material analysis. Fujifilm Dimatix Material Printer (DMP-2800) is used for fabrication, and KLA-Tencor (P-7) profiler is used for 2D and 3D analysis of each layer. The MEMS switch has a low actuation voltage of 1.2 V, current capacity of 0.2195 mA, a current on-off ratio of 2195 : 1, and an RF insertion loss of 5 dB up to 13.5 GHz. Printed MEMS switch technology is a promising candidate for flexible and reconfigurable phased-array antennas and other radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

., Soumya, A. N. Nagashree, and R. S. Geetha. "Comparision of Voltage Stress Across the MOSFET Switch of a Flyback Converter with Various Snubbers." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 1567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun1114.

Full text

Abstract:

A Flyback converter is a simple switch-mode power supply that can be used to generate a DC output from either an AC or DC input. The converter switch is the most critical part of any converter. The voltage stress across the switch is a major issue as the high voltage spikes occur due to interaction between its output capacitance and the leakage inductance of the transformer. These spikes can be reduced with various snubbers like conventional tertiary winding, Resistor Capacitor and Diode(RCD) snubber, energy regenerative snubber and an active clamp snubber. This paper aims to analyze and compare the voltage stress across the MOSFET switch of Flyback converter with various snubber circuits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Barbosa, Eduardo Augusto Oliveira, Márcio Rodrigo Santos de Carvalho, Leonardo Rodrigues Limongi, Marcelo Cabral Cavalcanti, Eduardo José Barbosa, and Gustavo Medeiros de Souza Azevedo. "High-Gain High-Efficiency DC–DC Converter with Single-Core Parallel Operation Switched Inductors and Rectifier Voltage Multiplier Cell." Energies 14, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 4634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14154634.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper proposes a high step-up high-efficiency converter, comprised of an active switched coupled-inductor cell. The secondary windings are integrated into a rectifier voltage multiplier cell in a boost-flyback configuration, allowing the operation with high voltage gain with low switches duty cycle and low turn-ratios on the coupled-inductors. Both coupled-inductors are integrated into a single core due to the parallel operation of the switches. The leakage inductances of the coupled-inductors are used to mitigate the reverse recovery currents of the diodes, while regenerative clamp circuits are used to protect the switches from the voltage spikes caused by the leakage inductances. The operation of the converter is analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the achieved results are validated through experimentation of a 400 W prototype. A 97.1% CEC efficiency is also reported.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Unarta, Ilona Christy, Siqin Cao, Shintaroh Kubo, Wei Wang, Peter Pak-Hang Cheung, Xin Gao, Shoji Takada, and Xuhui Huang. "Role of bacterial RNA polymerase gate opening dynamics in DNA loading and antibiotics inhibition elucidated by quasi-Markov State Model." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 17 (April 21, 2021): e2024324118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024324118.

Full text

Abstract:

To initiate transcription, the holoenzyme (RNA polymerase [RNAP] in complex with σ factor) loads the promoter DNA via the flexible loading gate created by the clamp and β-lobe, yet their roles in DNA loading have not been characterized. We used a quasi-Markov State Model (qMSM) built from extensive molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the dynamics of Thermus aquaticus holoenzyme’s gate opening. We showed that during gate opening, β-lobe oscillates four orders of magnitude faster than the clamp, whose opening depends on the Switch 2’s structure. Myxopyronin, an antibiotic that binds to Switch 2, was shown to undergo a conformational selection mechanism to inhibit clamp opening. Importantly, we reveal a critical but undiscovered role of β-lobe, whose opening is sufficient for DNA loading even when the clamp is partially closed. These findings open the opportunity for the development of antibiotics targeting β-lobe of RNAP. Finally, we have shown that our qMSMs, which encode non-Markovian dynamics based on the generalized master equation formalism, hold great potential to be widely applied to study biomolecular dynamics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Gaubitz, Christl, Xingchen Liu, Joseph Magrino, Nicholas P. Stone, Jacob Landeck, Mark Hedglin, and Brian A. Kelch. "Structure of the human clamp loader reveals an autoinhibited conformation of a substrate-bound AAA+ switch." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 38 (September 9, 2020): 23571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007437117.

Full text

Abstract:

DNA replication requires the sliding clamp, a ring-shaped protein complex that encircles DNA, where it acts as an essential cofactor for DNA polymerases and other proteins. The sliding clamp needs to be opened and installed onto DNA by a clamp loader ATPase of the AAA+ family. The human clamp loader replication factor C (RFC) and sliding clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are both essential and play critical roles in several diseases. Despite decades of study, no structure of human RFC has been resolved. Here, we report the structure of human RFC bound to PCNA by cryogenic electron microscopy to an overall resolution of ∼3.4 Å. The active sites of RFC are fully bound to adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) analogs, which is expected to induce opening of the sliding clamp. However, we observe the complex in a conformation before PCNA opening, with the clamp loader ATPase modules forming an overtwisted spiral that is incapable of binding DNA or hydrolyzing ATP. The autoinhibited conformation observed here has many similarities to a previous yeast RFC:PCNA crystal structure, suggesting that eukaryotic clamp loaders adopt a similar autoinhibited state early on in clamp loading. Our results point to a “limited change/induced fit” mechanism in which the clamp first opens, followed by DNA binding, inducing opening of the loader to release autoinhibition. The proposed change from an overtwisted to an active conformation reveals an additional regulatory mechanism for AAA+ ATPases. Finally, our structural analysis of disease mutations leads to a mechanistic explanation for the role of RFC in human health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Do, Hyun Lark. "Isolated High Step-Up DC-DC Converter with Zero-Voltage-Switching." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.333.

Full text

Abstract:

A high step-up DC-DCconverter is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter has two transformers.The primary sides of them are paralleled virtually and the secondary sides haveseries connection to increase the voltage gain. An active clamp circuit isemployed to suppress the switch voltage stresses and obtainzero-voltage-switching (ZVS) operation of the switches. Voltage doubler isselected as an output rectifier to increase the voltage gain and confine thevoltage across the output diodes to the output voltage. Since the output diodecurrents are controlled by the total leakage inductance of the transformers,the reverse-recovery problem of the output diodes is significantly alleviated.Due to the ZVS operation and the alleviated reverse-recovery problem, theswitching losses of the proposed converter are significantly reduced and theefficiency is improved. Steady-state analysis is performed. Experimentalresults based on a prototype are also provided to verify the effectiveness andfeasibility of the proposed converter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Wang, Xi-Bin, Jing-Wen Sun, Jian Sun, Zuo-Sen Shi, Fei Wang, Xiao-Qiang Sun, Chang-Ming Chen, Yun-Ji Yi, Zhan-Chen Cui, and Da-Ming Zhang. "Demonstration of a high-speed switch with coplanar waveguide electrodes based on electro-optic polymer-clad waveguides." RSC Advances 5, no. 83 (2015): 67646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra11500k.

Full text

Abstract:

A Mach–Zehnder interferometer type of optic switch with electro-optic polymer-clad waveguides was fabricated with the simple wet-etching procedure, which exhibited low insertion loss and high-speed switching response.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Li, Bin, Yan Qin, Zhiqiang Li, Ying Zhang, and Huanrong Li. "Smart luminescent hydrogel with superior mechanical performance based on polymer networks embedded with lanthanide containing clay nanocomposites." Nanoscale 13, no. 26 (2021): 11380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr01642c.

Full text

Abstract:

A smart luminescent hydrogel with superior mechanical performance was constructed by in situ copolymerization of acrylamide monomers and lanthanide loaded clay nanosheets, which shows reversible luminescence on/off switch behavior in response to pH.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Park, Ki-Bum, Gun-Woo Moon, and Myung-Joong Youn. "Two-Switch Active-Clamp Forward Converter With One Clamp Diode and Delayed Turnoff Gate Signal." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, no. 10 (October 2011): 4768–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2011.2107710.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

SONG, TINGTING, and NIANCI HUANG. "ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF A NOVEL ZVZCS FB PWM CONVERTER." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 13, no. 03 (June 2004): 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812660400157x.

Full text

Abstract:

A novel zero-voltage and zero-current-switch (ZVZCS) full-bridge PWM converter is presented. There are neither additional active switches nor lossy components in the proposed converter to achieve ZVZCS conditions. Moreover, the ZVZCS conditions are achieved by changing the traditional configuration of ZVS-full-bridge without added control: a simple auxiliary circuit is added in the secondary and the center tap of the transformer's secondary is linked to the auxiliary circuit. The secondary rectifier voltage of the converter is clamped to a relative low level, so additional clamp circuit for the secondary rectifier is not necessary. Using a new improved approach, which concerns the energy input into the secondary rather than the voltage in secondary, a complete small-signal model for the converter is developed through simple calculation. The operation of the proposed converter is analyzed, some important formulas are deduced. The experimental results of a 1.2-KW prototype prove that the novel converter is successful.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Tseng, Sheng-Yu, Chien-Chih Chen, and Hung-Yuan Wang. "Buck-Boost/Forward Hybrid Converter for PV Energy Conversion Applications." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/392394.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a charger and LED lighting (discharger) hybrid system with a PV array as its power source for electronic sign indicator applications. The charger adopts buck-boost converter which is operated in constant current mode to charge lead-acid battery and with the perturb and observe method to extract maximum power of PV arrays. Their control algorithms are implemented by microcontroller. Moreover, forward converter with active clamp circuit is operated in voltage regulation condition to drive LED for electronic sign applications. To simplify the circuit structure of the proposed hybrid converter, switches of two converters are integrated with the switch integration technique. With this approach, the proposed hybrid converter has several merits, which are less component counts, lighter weight, smaller size, and higher conversion efficiency. Finally, a prototype of LED driving system under output voltage of 10 V and output power of 20 W has been implemented to verify its feasibility. It is suitable for the electronic sign indicator applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Huang, Zhi Yu, and Zhi Fang Chen. "Research and Design of Auxiliary Power Supply for Motor Controller in Electric Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.357.

Full text

Abstract:

For the electric vehicle motor controller driver section requirements of the multiple isolated power supply problems, analyzed the common DC/DC converter, the single-ended flyback converter was selected as the motor controller auxiliary power supply. Taking into account the parasitic parameters of the high frequency transformer and switch transistor effects on the circuit, the loss model was showed. Its feasibility is verified by experiments. Experimental results showed that the designed RCD clamp circuit switch could effectively reduce stress and meet the requirements of the motor controller.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Srideepa, C., S. Sathish Kumar, and R. Nagarajan. "High Gain and Reduced Switch Stress DC-DC Converter Topology for PV System." International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science 7, no. 04 (April 2, 2018): 23808–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v7i4.02.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a new high step-up isolated DC-DC converter topology for photovoltaic system. The suggested configuration provides a converter with high voltage gain and reduced switch stress by using three coupled inductor with two hybrid voltage multiplier cell. The operation of the proposed converter is based on a charging capacitor with a single switch in its structure. A passive clamp circuit composed of capacitors and diodes is employed in the converter structure for lowering the voltage stress on the power switch as well as increasing the voltage gain of the converter. Since the voltage stress is low in the provided topology, a switch with a small ON-state resistance can be used. As a result, the losses are decreased and the efficiency is increased. The design of DC-DC boost converter is also discussed in detail. Simulation of DC-DC converter is performed in MATLAB/Simulink and the result are verified

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Kim, Marn-Go. "An Efficient Clamp to Reduce Switch Voltage Stress of Forward Converter." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 21, no. 1 (February 20, 2016): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2016.21.1.10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Jung, Jae-Yeop, Jin-Yong Bae, Soon-Do Kwon, Dong-Hyun Lee, and Yong Kim. "A Study on the Two-switch Interleaved Active Clamp Forward Converter." Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers 24, no. 5 (May 31, 2010): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5207/jieie.2010.24.5.136.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Hou, Li Juan, and Fu Xin Mao. "Coordinate Measurement System for Copper-Clad Plate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.75.

Full text

Abstract:

For getting the coordinate of contactor on CCL, the measurement system transformed resistance into voltage by providing constant current on CCL. The system includes MCU, 3A constant current source, MOSFET switch circuit, signal amplifier circuit and A/D converter. By the curve-fitting method, the equipotent lines of CCL were simulated with MATLAB according to the discrete data. The equations of equipotent lines were obtained with second-order polynomial fitting method. The two curves which the contactor located in were acquired with local linearization method, and the coordinate was gained by calculating solving equation groups.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Swift, Fredrik, Tævje A. Strømme, Bjørn Amundsen, Ole M. Sejersted, and Ivar Sjaastad. "Slow diffusion of K+ in the T tubules of rat cardiomyocytes." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 4 (October 2006): 1170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00297.2006.

Full text

Abstract:

Cardiomyocyte contractility is regulated by the extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o). Potassium dynamics in the T tubules during the excitation-contraction cycle depends on the diffusion rate of K+, but this rate is not known. Detubulation of rat cardiomyocytes was induced by osmotic shock using formamide, which separated the surface membrane from the T tubules. Changes in current and membrane potential in voltage-clamped (−80 mV) and current-clamped control and detubulated cardiomyocytes were compared during rapid switches between 5.4 and 8.1 mM [K+]o, and the results were simulated in a mathematical model. In the voltage-clamp experiments, the current changed significantly slower in control than in detubulated cardiomyocytes during the switch from 5.4 to 8.1 mM [K+]o, as indicated by the times to achieve 25, 50, 90, and 95% of the new steady-state current [control (ms) t25 = 98 ± 12, t50 = 206 ± 20, t90 = 570 ± 72, t95 = 666 ± 92; detubulated t25 = 61 ± 11, t50 = 142 ± 17, t90 = 352 ± 52, t95 = 420 ± 69]. These time points were not significantly different either during the 8.1 to 5.4 mM [K+]o switch or in current-clamped cardiomyocytes switching from 5.4 to 8.1 mM [K+]o. Mathematical simulation of the difference current between control and detubulated cardiomyocytes gave a t-tubular diffusion rate for K+ of ∼85 μm2/s. We conclude that the diffusion of K+ in the T tubules is so slow that they constitute a functional compartment. This might play a key role in local regulation of the action potential, and thus in the regulation of cardiomyocyte contractility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Liqiang Zhang, Liqiang Zhang, Zhuang Zhuo Zhuang Zhuo, Rusheng Wei Rusheng Wei, Yunzheng Wang Yunzheng Wang, Xiufang Chen Xiufang Chen, and Xiangang Xu Xiangang Xu. "Wavelength tunable passively Q-switched Yb-doped double-clad f iber laser with graphene grown on SiC." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 2 (2014): 021405–21408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.021405.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Maturi, Krishnaja, and Susovon Samanta. "Modeling of high-side active clamp forward converter with resistive parasitics." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 39, no. 2 (April 13, 2020): 413–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-06-2019-0241.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to derive the small-signal/canonical model derivation of the high-side active clamp forward converter (ACFC) with diode rectification for ideal and with resistive parasitics. It also covers the analysis of ACFC small-signal model with resistive parasitics using computer-aided modeling software Personal Computer Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis (PSPICE) 16.6. The effects of variation of system parameters on the ACFC’s state transfer functions and operations have been highlighted in this paper. Design/methodology/approach The large-signal model and small-signal model of the ACFC with diode rectification has been derived using AC small-signal modeling approach. Findings The operating point of the converter changes with the consideration of resistive parasitics compared with the ideal case. The response obtained from the hardware matches with the time domain response of the averaged model and switch model developed in PSPICE. Research limitations/implications This paper limits the study of ACFC small-signal behavior by using computer-aided design software PSPICE. The dead time of the converter is not considered because it is negligible when compared with the on and off time. The leakage inductance which plays a role in zero voltage switching of the ACFC switches is neglected in the analysis as it is very small compared to the magnetizing inductance. The switching losses are not considered in the modeling. Practical implications The mathematical computation of deriving the system transfer functions from canonical model is complex and time consuming. Originality/value The modeling with resistive parasitics improves the effectiveness of the equivalent model. Also, the analysis with computer-aided modeling software PSPICE gives reliable results in less time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Nakato, Teruyuki, Shinya Terada, Tatsuya Ishiku, Shungo Abe, Sunao Kamimura, Emiko Mouri, and Teruhisa Ohno. "Photoinduced electron transfer in semiconductor–clay binary nanosheet colloids controlled by clay particles as a turnout switch." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 241 (February 2019): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.047.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Chang, Chien Hsuan, Hung Liang Cheng, Chun An Cheng, and En Chih Chang. "Analysis and Design of the Active Clamp Forward Converter as a Color LED Driver." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2472.

Full text

Abstract:

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have substituted for incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lamps gradually in the residential, industrial and commercial lighting applications. This paper proposes an active clamp forward converter with the sequential color display (SCD) control to drive red, green and blue (RGB) LED arrays. Both of the main switch and the auxiliary switch can turn on under zero voltage switching (ZVS), resulting in high system efficiency. RGB LED arrays are sequentially driven by the same converter, which can save components and reduce cost significantly. Besides, the pulse-width modulation (PWM) control is applied to achieve a large chromaticity variation. The operation principles of the proposed LED driver are addressed. Experimental results of a 100W laboratory prototype are used to verify the feasibility and validity of the theoretical predictions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ki-Bum Park, Chong-Eun Kim, Gun-Woo Moon, and Myung-Joong Youn. "Three-Switch Active-Clamp Forward Converter With Low Switch Voltage Stress and Wide ZVS Range for High-Input-Voltage Applications." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25, no. 4 (April 2010): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2009.2036620.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Yu, Kai, Sizhen Li, Zhihao Zhang, Gary Zhang, Qiaoling Tong, and Xuecheng Zou. "Enhanced ESD power clamp for antenna switch controller with SOI CMOS technology." Electronics Letters 51, no. 11 (May 2015): 871–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2014.4160.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

He, Linfeng, Javier A. Salcedo, Jean-Jacques Hajjar, and Kalpathy Sundaram. "Stacking Switch to Achieve Low-Trigger and High-Holding-Voltage-Clamp Characteristics." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 67, no. 4 (April 2020): 1506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2020.2971827.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Sahu, Partha Pratim. "Optical switch based on Graphene clad two surface plasmonic polariton mode coupler." Optik 227 (February 2021): 166026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.166026.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Liu, Van-Tsai, Kuo-Ching Tseng, and Yue-Han Wu. "Non-isolated high step-up DC/DC power converter with coupled-inductor." Science Progress 104, no. 3_suppl (July 2021): 003685042110270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211027087.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper presents a non-isolated single switch converter with high voltage gain. Its circuit topology is combined with coupled-inductor, clamp circuit, and voltage lift capacitor techniques. The proposed converter has several advantages: First, the circuit is controlled by only single pulse width modulation (PWM) for the power switch, which keeps the circuit simple. Secondly, the proposed converter is used as a clamping circuit,which let the energy of the leakage inductance can be circulated to the capacitor, so that the voltage spike on the active switch can be suppressed, and improves efficiency. This paper will introduce the principle of action, theoretical analysis, and experimental waveform in order. Finally, in the case of input voltage of 48 V, output voltage of 400 V, and output power of 1 kW, the performance of the proposed converter is verified. As a result, the maximum efficiency is up to 96.5% and full load efficiency is 92.3%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Mazumder, Abhishek, Anna Wang, Heesoo Uhm, Richard H. Ebright, and Achillefs N. Kapanidis. "RNA polymerase clamp conformational dynamics: long-lived states and modulation by crowding, cations, and nonspecific DNA binding." Nucleic Acids Research 49, no. 5 (February 15, 2021): 2790–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkab074.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The RNA polymerase (RNAP) clamp, a mobile structural element conserved in RNAP from all domains of life, has been proposed to play critical roles at different stages of transcription. In previous work, we demonstrated using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) that RNAP clamp interconvert between three short-lived conformational states (lifetimes ∼ 0.3–0.6 s), that the clamp can be locked into any one of these states by small molecules, and that the clamp stays closed during initial transcription and elongation. Here, we extend these studies to obtain a comprehensive understanding of clamp dynamics under conditions RNAP may encounter in living cells. We find that the RNAP clamp can populate long-lived conformational states (lifetimes > 1.0 s) and can switch between these long-lived states and the previously observed short-lived states. In addition, we find that clamp motions are increased in the presence of molecular crowding, are unchanged in the presence of elevated monovalent-cation concentrations, and are reduced in the presence of elevated divalent-cation concentrations. Finally, we find that RNAP bound to non-specific DNA predominantly exhibits a closed clamp conformation. Our results raise the possibility of additional regulatory checkpoints that could affect clamp dynamics and consequently could affect transcription and transcriptional regulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Liu, Yicheng, Jieping Wang, and Haiyan Tu. "Design and Implementation of Finite Time Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control for a Novel High Step-Up DC-DC Converter." Energies 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091716.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, a new, high step-up quadratic boost converter with high conversion efficiency is discussed. A storage capacitor and resonant inductor are connected in series with a clamp capacitor through a diode. These compose a voltage multiplier cell, which is applied on the switch of the quadratic boost converter. The clamp capacitor can protect the switch from a voltage spike and absorb energy when the switch turns off; then, the storage capacitor and resonant inductor are charged by the energy stored in the clamped capacitor to increase the voltage transfer gain. In addition, the voltage multiplier cell can also reduce the voltage stresses of power devices. Then, a 16 V input, 200 V output prototype with 80 W nominal power is built up and tested. Furthermore, a finite time fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control is proposed, with constant frequency for the voltageFundamental Building B213:tracking control of this converter. The new NFTSM is obtained by introducing an adjustable nonlinear term into fast terminal sliding mode (FTSM) control, and a singularity problem is avoided. The experiment illustrates that the maximum efficiency of the proposed converter achieves 95% at D = 0.25 , V o = 150 V. The voltage stress is reduced to half of the corresponding component of the basic boost converter at the same voltage level. Moreover, the proposed NFTSM controller can track the reference signal, and provide a short settling time of about 48 ms with no overshoot, and the system response exhibits strong robustness against 11.7% input voltage disturbance and 30% load variation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

LIEBOVITCH, LARRY S., and ANGELO T. TODOROV. "WHAT CAUSES ION CHANNEL PROTEINS TO FLUCTUATE OPEN AND CLOSED?" International Journal of Neural Systems 07, no. 04 (September 1996): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065796000282.

Full text

Abstract:

Ion channels in the cell membrane spontaneously switch from states that are closed to the flow of ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride to states that are open to the flow of these ions. The durations of times that an individual ion channel protein spends in the closed and open states can be measured by the patch clamp technique. We explore two basic issues about the molecular properties of ion channels: 1) If the switching between the closed and open state is an inherently random event, what does the patch clamp data tell us about the structure or motions in the ion channel protein? 2) Is this switching random?

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Jonas, Karolis, Virginijus Jakutis, Rita Sudikienė, Virgilijus Lebetkevičius, Giedrius Baliulis, and Virgilijus Tarutis. "Early and Late Outcomes after Arterial Switch Operation: A 40-Year Journey in a Single Low Case Volume Center." Medicina 57, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090906.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and Objectives: The results of the arterial switch operation in large congenital heart centers are excellent, and the results in small and medium centers are improving. The objective of this article is to share our experience utilizing the international knowledge transfer program to improve early and late arterial switch operation outcomes in our center. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent the arterial switch operation in Vilnius University Santaros Clinics Cardiothoracic Surgery Center between 1977–2020 was performed. Results: A total of 127 consecutive arterial switch operations were performed in our center. Surgical mortality during the entire study period was 24.6%. Surgical mortality prior to the program, during the program, and after the program was 88.24%, 41.7%, and 5.81%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The surgical mortality of patients operated on during the last 10 years was 4%. The overall survival estimate for the 97 surviving patients was 96.9%, 94.9%, 93.8%, 93.8%, 93.8%, 93.8% at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, respectively. Risk factors for early mortality included longer aortic cross-clamp time and operation prior to the knowledge transfer program. The only significant risk factor for late reintervention was concomitant aortic arch obstruction treated at the time of the arterial switch. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of transposition of the great arteries by means of an arterial switch with good results can be possible in low-to-medium volume congenital heart surgery centers. International knowledge transfer programs between high-expertise high-volume congenital heart centers and low-to-medium volume congenital heart centers may help to shorten the learning curve and improve early and late outcomes after an arterial switch. The risk factors for surgical mortality and intervention-free survival in low-volume surgical centers are similar to those in high-volume centers. Late arterial switch-related complications are similar to those among different-sized congenital heart centers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Knecht, Oliver, Dominik Bortis, and Johann W. Kolar. "ZVS Modulation Scheme for Reduced Complexity Clamp-Switch TCM DC–DC Boost Converter." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, no. 5 (May 2018): 4204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2720729.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kim, Chong-Eun, Jaeil Baek, and Jae-Bum Lee. "Improved Three Switch-Active Clamp Forward Converter With Low Switching and Conduction Losses." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 34, no. 6 (June 2019): 5209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2018.2866761.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Clap switch'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles