Academic literature on the topic 'Clara Zetkin'

Clara Zetkin (1857–1933) remains one of the most famous figures in the history of the German and international Left. She rose to prominence as a social democrat beginning in 1890 and became a Marxist and, as of 1919, a member of the high-ranking cadre of the KPD; she was an activist of the Second International, starting in 1889, and belonged to the Executive Committee of the Communist International (EKKI) in the 1920s. She is known in history primarily as the leader and chief ideologue of the socialist, and later the international communist, women's movement, but is also a popular figure in the leftist women's movement of the twentieth century. Zetkin, the founder of International Women's Day, is still widely depicted as a heroine. However, in light of recent research conducted in Berlin and Moscow and from the perspective of the history of mentalities, the tendency to mythologize her needs to be questioned. This essay on Clara Zetkin's constructs of femininity is part of a biography oriented toward a history of mentalities, in which the socialist and communist Zetkin is presented in the entire societal context of her times, perceived as a contemporary of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From this perspective, it is precisely Zetkin's comments on the women's issue that mirror the influences of Social Darwinism and biological discussion at the turn of the century in Germany. The ideas held by the leader and theoretician of the international socialist women's movement on the “liberation of women” from “gender slavery” and “class bondage” were not aimed at pursuing an autonomous process of emancipating women for their own sake, but at pursuing a well-structured and directed process of educating them that would end up turning them into a new physically and mentally improved “consummate woman” who would efficiently serve the socialist society.

O Dia Internacional da Mulher foi proposto por Clara Zetkin em 1910 no II Congresso Internacional de Mulheres Socialistas. Nos anos posteriores a 1970 este Dia passou a ser associado a um incêndio que ocorreu em Nova Iorque em 1911. Neste artigo procuro recuperar a história do Dia 8 de Março e as distorções que têm sido feitas sobre ele e sobre a luta feminista.

<p>As relações sociais de produção e reprodução tem desde a origem da família, da propriedade privada e do Estado, ou seja, da modernidade estabelecido campos de atuação distintos, mediados pelo Patriarcado se expressado, em espaços desiguais. Apesar das conquistas no campo jurídico e político as mulheres ainda são oprimidas e subordinadas à exploração capitalista. Desde a revolução Russa em 1917, até hoje, as questões estruturais tais como creches, lavanderias, restaurantes públicos; etc, equipamentos sociais que facilitariam a participação política e econômica das mulheres, ainda hoje são bastante limitadas, quando não, destruídas por governos autoritários, ditatoriais e fascistas. O artigo ora apresentado, evidencia as contribuições da vanguardista comunista Clara Zetkin na luta pela emancipação e autonomia das mulheres. </p>

Abstract The goal of this paper is to present European parks form the point of view of their natural environment and ecological functions which they fulfill in the city. Parks situated in valley landscapes have been used as the object of study, since these types of parks predominate in Europe. These are: Hyde Park in London, Clara Zetkin Park in Leipzig, Tiergarten in Berlin and Łazienki in Warsaw.

Las ideas en torno a la Mujer nueva marcaron los debates acerca del género y la clase, el feminismo y el socialismo, durante el siglo XIX y principios del XX. En el presente trabajo se revisan y analizan las aportaciones de diversas autoras pertenecientes a la tradición del feminismo socialista, como son Anna Wheeler, Clara Zetkin, Alexandra Kollontai o Sylvia Pankhurst. Se trata de establecer un diálogo presente-pasado en torno a los retos morales y políticos que presentan al feminismo las sociedades contemporáneas.

Paul Levi was leader of the German Communist Party in the vital years 1919 and 1920; he was subsequently expelled for his opposition to the adventurist March Action in 1921. Three recent books cast new light on this complex figure: David Fernbach’s selection of his writings, Frédéric Cyr’s biography and Paul Frölich’s memoirs. Levi was a man of great talent and courage, but his leadership style was defective; he was neither Leninist nor Luxemburgist, and his greatest weakness was his inability to relate to ultra-leftism. His limitations are revealed by a comparison with his comrade Clara Zetkin.